10 gestational pyelonephritis

Matenda a shuga okomoka

Zilembo za alifabeti ICD-10

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovulala - mawu omwe ali mu gawoli sazindikira matendawa, koma malongosoledwe a momwe zinthu zinachitikira (Class XX. Zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka ndi kufa kwa munthu. Zizindikiro zamitu V01-Y98).

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala - gome la mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa poyizoni kapena zina zoyipa.

Ku Russia Kugawidwa Kwa Matenda Padziko Lonse Kukonzanso kwa 10 (ICD-10) yotengedwa ngati chikalata chokhacho cholozera zochitika zamatenda, zifukwa zopemphira anthu kuchipatala m'madipatimenti onse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti afe.

ICD-10 adayambitsa machitidwe azaumoyo ku Russian Federation mu 1999 malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Russia womwe udachitika pa Meyi 27, 1997 No.

Kusindikiza kwa kukonzanso kwatsopano (ICD-11) kukonzedwa ndi WHO mu 2022.

Zosintha ndi misonkhano yayikulu mu International Classization of matenda a Kukonzanso kwa 10

BDU - popanda malangizo ena.

NKDR - osatchulidwa (m) magawo ena.

- code ya matenda oyambitsidwa. Khodi yayikulu pamakina olemba kawiri imakhala ndi zambiri zazomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

* - kusankha njira. Nambala yowonjezera mumakina awiri owerengera ili ndi chidziwitso pakuwonetsa kwa matenda omwe ali pachiwonetsero china chake kapena gawo lina la thupi.

Kulemba kwa pyelonephritis yachilendo ku ICD

Ngati nthendayo imayendera limodzi ndi kutupa kwa purulent, izi zitha kubweretsa imfa, ndikofunikira kuti musayambitse matenda oyambira kumene. Matenda a pyelonephritis amakhala osatheka kuchiritsa, koma njira zamakono zamankhwala zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha matendawa ndikupeza chikhululukiro cha nthawi yayitali, kuti wodwalayo asamve bwino komanso amapewa kuwopseza moyo.

Zizindikiro

Munthawi yachikhululukiro, matendawa sakhala akuwonetsedwa, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kupezeka kwa kufooka, kukodza pafupipafupi, kupweteka m'munsi kumbuyo ndikotheka.

Panthawi yowonjezera, pyelonephritis malinga ndi ICD 10 N11 imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

  • kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro, mwina mpaka pamlingo wovuta (mpaka madigiri 40),
  • kutopa, mwinanso kukulitsidwa ndi kusowa tulo,
  • pafupipafupi migraine
  • kupweteka kwapweteka m'dera lumbar, limodzi ndi kuzizira.
  • kutupa kwa nkhope ndi malekezero otsika,
  • kukodza kochulukirapo, ngakhale kuchuluka kwamadzi
  • fungo losasangalatsa komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wa mkodzo.

    Zizindikiro zotere zikachitika, muyenera kufunsa dokotala yemwe amachititsa kafukufukuyu. Choyamba, uminalysis umayikidwa, womwe umathandiza kudziwa pyelonephritis chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa magazi ndi mapuloteni mu mkodzo.

    Chithandizo ndi kupewa

    Mu ICD, 10 pyelonephritis imaphatikizidwa mu gawo la matenda amtundu wa genitourinary. Mankhwalawa matendawa atachulukirachuluka amachitika mchipatala. Ndikofunikira kutsatira kupumula pa kama, kumwa mankhwala a antibacterial ndi othandizira kuti asagwidwe.

    Mankhwala ena angathandizenso polimbana ndi matendawa, omwe amapereka mankhwala othandizira komanso mankhwala a zitsamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi diuretic katundu (mwachitsanzo, lingonberry).

    Wodwala amafunika kusintha zakudya, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera ndikudya madzi ambiri (kuphatikizapo mchere wam'madzi) Ngati mukupezeka ndi matenda osatha a pyelonephritis, muyenera kutsatira dongosolo, onetsetsani kuti mumayezetsa kuchipatala kamodzi pachaka, kapena kupitiliza, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi . Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kupatula kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndipo nthawi yozizira kuvala mwachikondi ndi kupewa hypothermia.

    Aakulu pyelonephritis zizindikiro mcb 10 - okhwima LMS ndi miyala kuphwanya

    ICD Code 10: N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. N11.0 Pasoponephritis yopweteka yosagwirizana ndi Reflux. Zikho. 100 mg: 10, 20 ma PC. - matenda opatsirana komanso otupa omwe amayambitsidwa. ICD Code 10: n11.0 Nonobstifying chronic pyelonephritis kugwirizana ndi Reflux. Ngati tsambalo linali lothandiza kwa inu, ndiye chonde lembani izi powonjezera pazizindikiro.

    Jan 19, 2016 Cystitis mu ICD-10 imatenga malo ofunika kwambiri mndandanda wa matenda Acute ndi cystitis yayitali ndipo malo awo m'gulu la ICD-10 angayambitse zovuta monga pyelonephritis, kuwonongeka kwa impso. Idapangidwa mu 2013 pamaziko a malangizo omwe adalembedwa patsamba lovomerezeka la Unduna wa Zaumoyo. ICD Code 10: N10-N16 TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL KIDNEY DIVICES. nephrite pyelitis pyelonephritis Ngati ndi kotheka, zindikirani wodwala N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Tab. chivundikiro kujambula mafilimu, 500 mg: 5, 7 kapena Order of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Belarus deti 07.12.2001 n 271 Pa encryption. Tsamba Mawu oyambira: 4: Zofunikira za ICD-10 pakupanga kachipatala komaliza. Pyelonephritis yamu grade 14 ICD-10 (N10-N23) ya non-obstriers yotupa yomwe imalumikizana ndi Reflux, N11.1. Matenda oletsa kupweteka a pyelonephritis. Mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochizira komanso / kapena kupewa. 2. Makhodi malinga ndi ICD-10. N10 pachimake tubulointerstitial nephritis (pachimake pyelitis, pachimake pyelonephritis). N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial. Matenda osokoneza bongo am'mimba. Nambala za ICD-10. K82.8. Biliary dyskinesia.

    Ogasiti 21, 2015 Kusinthidwa kwa ICD-10 kwa SMP A08.4 Rotavirus entitis A09.0 KINEA A15.3 N11.9 Chronic pyelonephritis. Kufotokozera, Zizindikiro (Zizindikiro) Kudziwitsa, Chithandizo, Kufotokozera Mwachidule. Pyelonephritis. Kugawidwa Kwa Matenda Padziko Lonse (ICD-10). Matenda ndi mikhalidwe. Index Yakalembera. N10-N16 Tubulo-interstitial matenda a impso N11.0 Zosagwira-zopinga za pyelonephritis zosagwirizana ndi Reflux, N11. 1 Chachikulu.

    Ndi matenda a genitourinary system (kalasi XIV malinga ndi ICD-10). N p. Mndandanda wamatenda malinga ndi ICD-10 ndi pyelonephritis wosakhazikika, wosakhazikika poselonephritis popanda kusokonezedwa ndi urodynamic popanda kuyambiranso. Mndandanda wachidule wa matenda malinga ndi ICD-10: Curvature (malinga ndi ICD-10) -osintha. Dongosolo la Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Belarus lidayamba pa Disembala 7, 2001 n 271 Pa Encryption. ICD code 10: n11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis Ophatikizidwa: aakulu. Code Matenda oletsa kupweteka a pyelonephritis mu gulu la mayiko matenda ICD-10. Matenda a N00-N99 a genitourinary system N10-N16.

    Mcb-10 aakulu sekondaleoni ya pyelonephritis, odana ndi kutupa kwa kutupa kwa impso

    Pachimake glomerulonephritis Zizindikiro. Zizindikiro Zoyenera kuchita ndi matenda owopsa. Khodi malinga ndi gulu la matenda padziko lonse lapansi ICD-10: yopanda mkodzo urodynamics) ndi sekondale (yopangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a impso, Chronic pyelonephritis mwa odwala ambiri (50-60%) ali ndi latency. Sep 27, 2015 ICD code - 10 N 11.1 aakulu phula loletsa pyelonephritis Kwa sekondale colic yowonjezereka imakhala yodziwika.

    Kuphatikizidwa: aakulu: infstitial nephritis pyelitis pyelonephritis Ngati ndi kotheka, pezani matenda. Mankhwala amatengedwa pakamwa pa 250 kapena 500 mg 1 kapena 2 kawiri / tsiku. Mapiritsi amayenera kutengedwa Gulu ndi etiology ya hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zambiri. Kugawidwa Kwa Matenda Padziko Lonse (ICD-10). Matenda ndi mikhalidwe. Index Yakalembera. Kutengera malangizo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka a mankhwalawa komanso opangidwa mu 2016. ICD-10 rubric Synonyms of matenda malinga ndi ICD-10, a09 Kutsegula m'mimba ndi gastroenteritis mwina. Pachimake gawo lachiwiri pyelonephritis. 2. yade, yomwe imawonetsedwa mu nambala za matenda a ICD-10 a kwamikodzo. Dongosolo KWA. Mndandanda wa mbiri ya milandu pamankhwala a ana. Mphumu ya bronchial, atopic form. Tikuganiza kuti mwasangalala ndi nkhaniyi. Kuti muwatsitse, vomerezani. Pyelonephritis: ICD-10: N 10 10.-N 12 12. N 20.9 20.9. ICD-9: 590 590, 592.9 592.9. MatendaDB: 29255.

    Kukweza kwachiwiri munthawi yakutsogolo kwa kawonedwe kazipembedzo. Kukula kwakumaso, chotupa. Matenda a kapamba ndimatenda ambiri omwe. Gulu lalemala i A A limakhazikitsidwa m'matenda otsatirawa: 1. Chitsa cha onse. Matenda abacterial prostatitis, (ICD code 10-N 41.1) (ICD code 10-N 46), Chronic pyelonephritis mu gawo lodzaza kapena gawo. Komabe, kuti pakhale njira yotupa yolowerera mu impso, kuphatikiza kwa iwo omwe adalembedwa. N10-N16 Tubulo-interstitial matenda a impso N11.0 Zosagwira-zopinga za pyelonephritis zosagwirizana ndi Reflux, N11. 1 Chachikulu.

    ICD-10: I15. Sekondale (dalili) ochepa matenda oopsa - ichi ndi chotupa pyelonephritis, monga lamulo, zotsatira. Kufotokozera kwa Kudesan (Kudesan) mankhwala: mankhwala ndi malangizo ntchito, contraindication. Kufotokozera, Zizindikiro (Zizindikiro) Kudziwitsa, Chithandizo, Kufotokozera Mwachidule. Pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis: ICD-10: N 10 10.-N 12 12. N 20.9 20.9. ICD-9: 590 590, 592.9 592.9. MatendaDB: 29255. MedlinePlus: 000522. eMedicine: ped / 1959. Kuchokera mmimba: kukhumudwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kusanja. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka. Pyelonephritis mu ana ndi nkhani yapadera yamatenda amkodzo thirakiti (UTI). Chowoneka pakati pa ma UTIs onse.

    Ululu ndi hypokinesia umachitika chifukwa cha ndulu ya ndulu. Mndandanda wachidule wamatenda a matenda malinga ndi ICD-10: Curvature (malinga ndi ICD-10) mphuno.

    Matenda a shuga

    Dzinalo la matendawa: Matenda a shuga a m'mimba (HD) - zovuta zilizonse zamatenda a carbohydrate zomwe zimachitika koyamba ndipo zimapezeka pa nthawi yoyembekezera.

    Khodi ya ICD-10: Matenda a amayi apakati 024.4.

    Zachidziwikire mwachidule
    Ku Russia, kufalikira kwa HD malinga ndi State Record of Diabetes Mellitus ndi 4.5%. Malinga ndi American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2004), pafupifupi 7% ya mimba zonse (zopitilira 200,000 pachaka) zimapanikizika ndi HD (kuyambira 1 mpaka 14% kutengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe aphunzira komanso njira zodziwonera zomwe agwiritsa ntchito) a Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ADA, 2004, Maimidwe a Ntchito Zachipatala mu shuga. ADA, 2005, Sebko T.B., 2003.

    Gulu
    DG ndi gawo lililonse la kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kake, poyambira ndi kupezeka koyamba panthawi yapakati. Itha kuonekera ndi kusala kudya kopanda tanthauzo la hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, kapena chithunzi chapamwamba cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu ya glycemic imayamba.

    Zizindikiro

    Madandaulo ndikusanthula cholinga

    Madandaulo amadalira kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia. Mawonetseredwe azachipatala nthawi zambiri amakhala palibe kapena osadziwika. Monga lamulo, pali kunenepa kwambiri kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri - kuwonda msanga panthawi yapakati. Ndi glycemia yayikulu, madandaulo amawonekera za polyuria, ludzu, chilakolako chambiri, ndi zina zambiri.

    Zotsatira zasayansi ndi zothandiza

    Chimodzi mwazinthu za DG ndikuti nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosadziwika. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira kwa HD kumakhazikitsidwa pakutsimikiza kwa zinthu zomwe zikuwopseza chitukuko chake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso okhala ndi glucose katundu pamagulu apakati komanso apamwamba. Paulendo woyamba wa mayi woyembekezera kupita kwa dokotala, ndikofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuopsa kwa HD yake, popeza njira zowunika zowonjezera zimadalira izi. Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chochepa chotenga HD limaphatikizapo azimayi azaka zosakwana 25 (malinga ndi olemba aku Russia, azaka zosakwana 30), omwe ali ndi thupi lotsogola asanachitike pakati, omwe alibe matenda ashuga abale awo omwe ali ndi digiri yoyamba ya kinship, omwe sanakhalepo ndi vuto la carbohydrate metabolism (mu kuphatikiza glucosuria), wokhala ndi mbiri yopanda chitetezo. Kugawa mayi pagulu lomwe lili ndi chiopsezo chochepa chotenga HD kumafuna zonse zomwe zalembedwa. Mu gululi la azimayi, kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso opsinjika sikuchitika ndipo kumangokhala kuwunika kokhazikika kwa kudya kwa glycemia. Malinga ndi lingaliro losagwirizana la akatswiri akunyumba ndi akunja, azimayi omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri (BMI≥30 kg / m 2), mbiri ya matenda ashuga, shuga mellitus mwa abale a degree yoyamba ya ubale, mbiri yakale ya carbohydrate metabolism ( kunja kwa mimba) Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ADA, 2004, Sebko TV, 2003. Kuti mulowe m'gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chimodzi mwazomwe zalembedwa ndizokwanira. Amayi awa amayesedwa koyamba akaona dokotala (onani machitidwe omwe ali pansipa). Gululi lomwe lili ndi chiopsezo chotenga HD limaphatikizira amayi omwe sakhala m'magulu ochepetsa komanso oopsa: mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga thupi pang'ono musanabadwe, ndi mbiri yolembetseka ya mwana wosabadwa (mwana wosabadwa, polyhydramnios, c / kuchotsa mimba, gestosis, kusokonekera kwa fetal, kubereka ) ndi ena. Mu gululi, kuyezetsa kumachitika panthawi yovuta kwambiri pakukonzekera kwa HD - milungu 24-28 ya mimba. Akatswiri am'nyumba ndi akunja amapereka njira zotsatirazi kuti adziwe matenda a Gestational Diabetes Mellitus HD. ADA, 2004, Maimidwe a Ntchito Zachipatala mu shuga. ADA, 2005, Sebko T.B., 2003. Njira imodzi yokhazikika ndiyabwino kwambiri kwa azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga HD. Amakhala ndikuchita zoyeserera ndi 100 g ya shuga. Njira ziwiri. Ndi njira iyi, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika koyamba ndi 50 g ya glucose, ndipo ngati kuphwanya, kuyesedwa kwa gramu 100 kumachitika. Njira yoyeserera ikutsatiridwa motere. Mzimayi amamwa 50 g shuga osungunuka mu kapu yamadzi (nthawi iliyonse, osati pamimba yopanda kanthu), ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi, shuga mu venous plasma amatsimikiza. Ngati pambuyo pa ola lathunthu glucose wochepera 7.2 mmol / L, kuyesedwa kumayesedwa ngati kopanda vuto ndikuwunika kumatha. Ngati shuga wa plasma ndi wofanana kapena wamkulu kuposa 7.2 mmol / L, kuyesedwa ndi 100 g glucose kumasonyezedwa. Njira yoyeserera ndi 100 g ya glucose imapereka protocol yovuta kwambiri. Kuyesedwa kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, mutatha kusala usiku kwa maola 8 mpaka 14, motsutsana ndi chakudya choyenera, osachepera masiku atatu musanayambe kuphunzira (osachepera 150 g wama chakudya tsiku) komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopanda malire. Mukamayesedwa, muyenera kukhala, kusuta ndikoletsedwa. Pa kuyesedwa, magazi a venous amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu (plasma), pambuyo pa ola limodzi, pambuyo pa maola 2 komanso pambuyo pa maola 3. Kuzindikira kwa HD kumakhazikitsidwa ngati mfundo ziwiri kapena zingapo za glycemic ndizofanana kapena kupitilira ziwerengero zotsatirazi: pamimba yopanda kanthu - 5.3 kapena kupitilira, pambuyo pa ola limodzi - 10 kapena kupitilira apo, atatha maola awiri - 8.6 kapena kupitirira apo, atatha maola atatu - 7.8 kapena kupitirira apo. Ngati mayi wapakati aulula kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glycemic mu plousma wam'mimba: pamimba yopanda 7 mmol / l komanso mwachitsanzo cha magazi - mopitilira 11.1 ndikutsimikizira izi tsiku lotsatira, kuyesedwa kwa matenda osafunikira sikufunikira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti HD yakhazikitsidwa.

    Kuti athetse zolakwika zam'kati, kutsimikiza kwa glycemia panthawi yoyesedwa pakuwunika kumachitika pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma glucometer pazolinga zofufuza sikovomerezeka. Kukula kulikonse kwa shuga mwa mayi wapakati kuyenera kupeza tanthauzo, ndikufunika kukonzanso glycemia. Komabe, motere kuchokera ku malingaliro a ADA (2004) ndi akatswiri a zoweta, kuwonjezeka kwa glycemia mwa mayi wapakati kumamupatsa mwayi wopezeka m'gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotukula HD, zomwe zimatanthawuza kufufuza kwawofufuza pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso opsinjika.

    Chithandizo

    Malipiro okhazikika a kagayidwe kazakudya nthawi yonse yomwe muli ndi pakati. Momwe mungabwezeletsedwe: kusala kwa magazi m'magazi LENDATURE

    1. Ma Algorithm popewa komanso kuchiza matenda operewera kwa ayodini Umboni / Ed. G.A. Melnichenko. - M .: B.I., 2005 .-- 48 p.
    2. Agogo II Zolemba za Endocrinology / I.I. Agogo, G.A. Melnichenko, V.V. Fadeev. - M.: Mankhwala, 2000 .-- 632 p.
    3. Agogo, II. Mawu Oyamba a Diabetesology: Dzanja. kwa madokotala / II. Agogo, V.V. Fadeev. - M: Kufalitsa nyumba Bereg, 1998. - 191 p.
    4. Agogo, I.I. Ndondomeko ya Federal chandamale ya "Shuga mellitus" Zolemba: malangizo / II.Agogo, M.V. Shestakova, M.A. Maksimova. - M .: B.I., 2002 .-- 88 p.
    5. Matenda a Iododefinite ku Russia. Yankho losavuta lavuto lovuta Text / G.A. Gerasimov et al. - M .: Adamant, 2002 .-- 168 p.
    6. Malangizo azachipatala a Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE) kuti apezeke ngati ali ndi matenda a nodular Text / II. Agogo ndi ena // Clinical thyroidology. - 2004. - T.2, Na. 4. - S. 47-52.
    7. Melnichenko, G.A. Matenda a chithokomiro panthawi yoyembekezera. Kuzindikira, chithandizo, zolembera Zolemba: buku la madokotala / G.A. Melnichenko, V.V. Fadeev, I.I. Agogo. - M: MedExpertPress, 2003 .-- 48 p.
    8. Kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda operewera kwa ayodini m'magulu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo kwambiri Mlemba / I. I. Dedov et al. - M .: Bi., 2004. - 56 p.
    9. Sebko, T.V. Matenda a shuga ndi Kulembapo / II. Agogo, M.V. Shestakova // Matenda a shuga: manja. kwa madokotala / T.V. Sebko. - M., 2003. - Ch. 28 - S. 364-372.
    10. Malingaliro amakono azachipatala a endocrinology. Zolemba za Fifth Moscow City Congress of Endocrinologists (Marichi 23-24, 2006) / M: Geos, 2006. - 134 p.
    11. Fedorova, M.V. Matenda a shuga, kutenga pakati komanso matenda ashuga. Zolemba / M.V. Fedorova, V.I. Krasnopolsky, V.A. Petrukhin. - M.: Mankhwala, 2001 .-- 288 p.
    12. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and Assocazione Medici Endocrinologi malangizo aupangiri wapaupangiri wothandizira pakuwunika ndi kuwongolera mayendedwe a chithokomiro. Endocr Exerc., 2006 - V. 12, Na. 1. - P. 63-102.
    13. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetes Association. Kusamalira Matenda a shuga 27: S88-S90, 2004.
    14. Mfundo Zazachipatala Zakuchipatala. American Diabetes Association. Kusamalira Matenda a shuga 28: S4-S36, 2005.

    Gulu

    Zidziwitso zaposachedwa za matendawa zakula, kotero zikakonzedwa, akatswiri amakumana ndi zovuta zina.

    Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga ndi:

    Ngati thupi lilibe insulin kwambiri, limayimira matenda a nthenga. Vutoli limayambitsidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic okhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula ali aang'ono.

    Mtundu 2, kuperewera kwa insulini kumachitika. Zimapangidwa zokwanira. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana ndi maselo ndikuthandizira kulowa kwa glucose kuchokera m'magazi kumachepetsedwa. Popita nthawi, kupanga chinthu kumachepa.

    Pali mitundu yambiri yosowa yamatenda yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda, mankhwala, komanso cholowa. Payokha, matenda ashuga amapezeka nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

    Kodi matenda a shuga

    Matenda a shuga a Gestational ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amawoneka nthawi yapakati, omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi yotenga shuga m'magazi.

    Maselo amamva kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin yawo.

    Vutoli limatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa hCG m'magazi, ndikofunikira kusunga ndikusunga pakati. Pambuyo pobereka, nthawi zambiri, kuchira kumachitika. Komabe, nthawi zina kukula kwina kwamatendawo kumachitika molingana ndi mtundu wa 1 kapena 2. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amawonekera mu theka lachiwiri la nthawi yobala mwana.

    Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti GDM ipite:

    • cholowa
    • kunenepa kwambiri
    • pakati zaka 30,
    • chiwonetsero cha GDM panthawi yapakati yapakati,
    • zoteteza matenda
    • kubadwa kwa mwana wamkulu wam'mbuyomu.

    Matendawa amatha kudziwonetsa ndi kulemera kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwamkodzo, ludzu lakuya, kusowa kudya.

    M'mimba yovuta ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikusunga magawo ake abwinobwino (3.5-5,5 mmol / l).

    Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa amayi apakati kungakhale kovuta:

    • kubadwa msanga
    • kubereka
    • mochedwa toxicosis
    • matenda ashuga nephropathy,
    • matenda amtunduwu.

    Kwa mwana, nthendayo imawopseza kunenepa kwambiri, matenda amtundu wa chitukuko, kusakhazikika kwa ziwalo pakubadwa.

    Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga kumatha kusinthidwa ndi zakudya (tebulo nambala 9). Phindu labwino limaperekedwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati miyeso yomwe mwatenga musabweretse zotsatira, jakisoni wa insulini amapatsidwa.

    Ngati kuphwanya kwapezeka musanatenge nthawi, njira yochizira ndi kukhazikitsa malangizo a dokotala zithandiza kupewa zovuta zambiri ndikubala mwana wathanzi.

    Khodi ya ICD-10

    Gawo 21 limaphatikiza matenda ndi gulu ndipo aliyense ali ndi ake ake. Njirayi imapereka mwayi wosungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

    Matenda a shuga a Gestational amakhala gulu la XV. 000-099 "Mimba, pakubala ndi puerperium."

    Kanthu: Matenda a shuga a O24 pa nthawi ya pakati. Subparagraph (code) O24.4: Matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka ali ndi pakati.

    Makanema okhudzana nawo

    Pazakhudzana ndimatenda a azimayi apakati omwe ali mu vidiyo:

    GDM ndi matenda oopsa omwe angathe kuthandizidwa. Athandizira kuthana ndi matenda ndikubala mwana wathanzi, kutsatira zakudya ndi malingaliro onse azachipatala, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda mlengalenga komanso kusangalala.

    • Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
    • Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

    Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->

    Kuchuluka kwa matenda a pyelonephritis code 10 mb ndi momwe mungadyetsere mphaka ndi vuto la impso

    Tikuganiza kuti mwasangalala ndi nkhaniyi. Kuti muwatsitse, vomerezani. Mutu 1. Anemia, Acute posthemorrhagic anemia, Iron kuchepa kwa magazi, Anemia. Matenda osokoneza bongo am'mimba. Nambala za ICD-10. K82.8. Biliary dyskinesia. Milandu yovuta yopanga komanso yovuta kwambiri ya pyelonephritis, Madera ena. Zosavuta. Zovuta.

    Kufotokozera, Zizindikiro (Zizindikiro) Kudziwitsa, Chithandizo, Kufotokozera Mwachidule. Pyelonephritis. Ma ICD 10 10 N10-N16 Tubulo-interstitial impso N11.0 Yopanda chotchinga chotupa chotupa cha pyelonephritis chogwirizana ndi Reflux. Kufotokozera kwa Hyleflox (Hileflox) mankhwala: zikuchokera ndi malangizo ntchito, contraindication. 6. Pakati pathupi pathupi, mayeso a azimayi apakati amachitika. Moni, ndili ndi zaka 22 zakubadwa. Ndili ndi paroxysmal supraventicular focal tachycardia. ICD Code 10: N10-N16 TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL KIDNEY DIVICES. nephrite pyelitis pyelonephritis Ngati ndi kotheka, zindikirani wodwala N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. CHIKUMBUTSO, KUYAMBIRA PABanja Mukalowa muukwati, ndiye kuti mukupanga banja, ndiye kuti mwakonzeka. 10 NEPHROLIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Nephrotic glomerulonephritis imapezeka 25% ya odwala. Kufotokozera, Zoyambitsa, Zizindikiro (Zizindikiro) Kudziwitsa, Chithandizo, Kufotokozera kwapafupi. ICD Code 10: N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. N11.0 Pasoponephritis yopweteka yosagwirizana ndi Reflux.

    Kukula kwa pachimake bakiteriya pyelonephritis, kumene, kumayamba ndi kuyambitsa. Kuyesedwa kwa bacteriological kwamikodzo: bacteriuria 10-10 CFU / ml. Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Tab. chivundikiro filimu yokutira, 250 mg: 5, 10 kapena 20 ma PC. (pachimake bakiteriya wa bronchitis ndi kuchulukitsa kwa matenda a bronchitis, chibayo). - matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis), ma code a ICD-10. Nthawi zambiri, pyelonephritis imakhudza azimayi. Izi zimathandizira anatomically lonse. Matenda a pyelonephritis amakhala ndi zotupa za impso. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a pyelonephritis amakhala chifukwa ambiri odwala amatha kukhala ochulukirapo.Kuchulukitsa kwamaselo ofiira a magazi ndi leukocytes 1 miliyoni - 2 mamilimita 2 miliyoni, omwe akuwonetsedwa mu ma code a ICD-10 a matenda amkodzo. Khodi ya ICD-10 ya geelational pyelonephritis: Pali mitundu yovuta ya matenda. Ndikukhathamira kwa mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Fomu yobwerezabwereza - pafupifupi 80%. Kusinthanitsa kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa. Mawonekedwe

    Trimester wa mimba: Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Acute cystitis: Kuchulukitsa kwa matenda. Khodi ya ICD: 023 matenda amitsempha yovomerezeka pamimba. Momwe Kuchulukitsa kwamatenda a pyelonephritis. 08/07/14 18: 52 Marina. Moni, Vladimir Borisovich. Ndili ndi zaka 50, premenopause. Ma Fibroids akulu. Mayendedwe ofunikira a Disembala 22, 1999 No. 99/272 Zizindikiro zakuchipatala ndi zotsutsana nazo. Masana abwino Chonde onani kufunikira kwa chithandizo chomwe mwalandira.

    RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Matenda a BEKHTEREV: Rheumatology ngati kudziyimira pawokha mwasayansi. Zizindikiro za pachimake pyelonephritis zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi sepsis yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha gramu. Trimester wa mimba: Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Acute cystitis: Kuchulukitsa kwa matenda. Ndi kupitilira kwa pyelonephritis, ma sclerosis apangidwe, i.e. kupindika. P / p Code yolembera matenda padziko lonse lapansi Dzina la matendawa 10 G80 Infantile ubongo pachey Infantile cerebral Non-obstriers aakulu pyelonephritis Chronic obstriers pyelonephritis Osteomyelitis mu pachimake gawo, pamaso angapo.

    Gestational pyelonephritis

    Pyelonephritis mwa amayi apakati amapezeka pafupifupi 10% ya azimayi. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizofooka m'thupi, kufooka kwa impso, impso. Khodi ya ICD-10 ndi O23.0 (matenda a impso nthawi yapakati).

    Pamene mwana wakhanda akukula, chiberekero chimakula kukula - mopanikizika, mawonekedwe a impso amasintha, magazi amayenda, ndipo mkodzo umayamba kukula. Poyerekeza ndi momwe masinthidwe a mahomoni m'thupi, kamvekedwe ka minofu kamasinthasintha - urodynamics imasokonekera, mkodzo kuchokera mu chikhodzodzo umaponyedwanso mu impso. Ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili m'mkodzo, njira yotupa mu impso imayamba.

    Zofunika! Matenda aliwonse opatsirana angayambitse kutupa mu genitourinary system.

    Kutupa kwa impso mwa amayi apakati kumatchedwa gestational pyelonephritis - matendawa amakula pakubala kwa mwana, amatha kuonekera patatha masiku ochepa atabadwa. Nthawi zambiri, njira yotupa imakhudzidwa ndi impso yoyenera.

    Nthawi zambiri, gestational pyelonephritis imachitika mwa azimayi oyambilira, okhala ndi polyhydramnios, kubereka kwa ana awiri kapena kupitilira apo, khanda lalikulu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatuluka popanda chizindikiro chomveka bwino, Zizindikirozo zimakhala zofanana ndi kuphulika kwa placental, kuwopseza pathupi. Kuzindikira kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha kuwunika.

    Zisonyezero zakuchipatala ndi pyelonephritis mwa amayi apakati:

  • pachimake pyelonephritis, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe,
  • kulephera kwa aimpso
  • preeclampsia, yomwe imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kutupa kwa impso,
  • kuopseza padera, kubadwa msanga,
  • ngati mayesowo akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

    Pyelonephritis woyamba trimester amawonekera bwino kuposa mochedwa. Chithandizo chokwanira pachigawo choyambirira cha matendawa chimathandizira kuthetsa msanga kutupa, chiopsezo cha zovuta ndizochepa. Ngati gestational pyelonephritis ikuchitika motsutsana maziko a matenda oopsa, kuchepa magazi, impso kuwonongeka - izi zikuwopseza moyo ndi thanzi la mayi ndi mwana.

    Zizindikiro za pyelonephritis yayikulu komanso yovuta

    Pyelonephritis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda a Escherichia coli, mabakiteriya. Ndi kayendedwe ka magazi, kukwera kapena kutsika njira kumalowetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a impso. Kusafooka kwa mayi wapakati sikungathe kulimbana nawo, kutupa kumayamba.

    Pachimake pyelonephritis limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri mu lumbar dera, amene amapatsa mwendo, m'mimba, matako. Kukodza kumakhala kowawa, kutentha kumakwera kwambiri, thukuta limachulukirachulukira. Mwa azimayi oyambilira, matendawa amatha kuchitika masabata 16- 20, mwa azimayi ambiri - pa 25-32.

    Zizindikiro zazikulu za pachimake pyelonephritis:

  • kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi mpaka madigiri 38- 39,
  • mkodzo umakhala mitambo
  • kulimbikira kupweteka kumbuyo
  • kuzizira, kupweteka m'malo.

    Matenda a pyelonephritis amakhala popanda zizindikiro zapadera, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa mayi wapakati. Kupenda magazi ndi mkodzo kuchipatala kungathandize kukhazikitsa matenda. Ululu wofowoka m'dera lumbar, kupezeka kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo kumatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa impso.

    Zofunika! Kuchulukitsa kwa matenda a pyelonephritis nthawi yapakati kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwapadera, kubereka mwachangu, kufa kwa fetal m'mimba.

    Kodi matenda oopsa a pyelonephritis ali ndi pakati

    Zofunika! Pyelonephritis imayenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yapakati - maantibayotiki samavulaza. M'malo yotupa mu impso.

    Kodi pyelonephritis amakhudza bwanji pakati? Mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi kutupa kwa impso, gestosis yoopsa imakonda kupezeka pafupifupi - izi zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto kwa mwana.

    Zomwe zimawopseza pyelonephritis pa nthawi yapakati:

  • kutha msanga kwa mimba - kupweteka kwakanthawi kapena koopsa kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa uterine myometrium,
  • kachilombo ka fetal m'mimba - koyambirira kwa mimba, placenta sichinapangidwe kokwanira, kachilomboka kamalowa mu minofu ya fetal, matenda opatsirana mwa chitukuko amapezeka,
  • kuperewera kwa chakudya kwa okosijeni - motsutsana ndi kusinthika kwa kusintha kwa matenda a impso, hypoxia ndi asphyxiation ya fetal.

    Ngati mayi amadwala pyelonephritis pa nthawi yoyembekezera, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri ana akhanda amapepuka, amatenga nthawi yayitali, hypothermia, ndi pathologies a chapakati mantha.

    Zofunika! Zotsatira za pyelonephritis koyambirira ndikumwalira kwa mwana nthawi yayitali isanachitike.

    Popeza kutupa kwa impso nthawi zambiri kumakhala mawonekedwe osachiritsika, mimba pambuyo pa pyelonephritis imayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, ndipo mkazi akulimbikitsidwa kupita kuchipatala koyamba komanso wachitatu.

    Kuzindikira koyambirira kumathandizira kuchepetsa zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kusamutsa matenda kuti ayambe kukhululukirana. Pambuyo pakuwunikira kunja ndikuwunikira madandaulo, adotolo amayambitsa kufufuza kwathunthu, kokwanira.

  • kusanthula kwamankhwala kwamkodzo - kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni, mabakiteriya, kuchuluka kwamaselo oyera, kumawonetsa kutupa
  • Kusanthula kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko, malinga ndi Zimnitsky - kukuwonetsa zomwe leukocytes, kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni komanso zosayambitsa magazi,
  • chikhalidwe cha mkodzo kuzindikira mtundu wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timachitika katatu,
  • kuyezetsa magazi kuchipatala - ESR yayitali, hemoglobin yochepa, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi, kumawonetsa kutupa
  • Ultrasound ndiyabwinobwino komanso yopanda kanthu.

    Ngati pyelonephritis ikukayikiridwa, dokotala wazamankhwala amapereka njira yowunikira ndikuwonana ndi nephrologist. Kuperekanso chithandizo cha kutupa kwa impso kudzachitika kuchipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri onse.

    Zofunika! Pyelonephritis sikhala m'zisonyezo zazikulu za gawo la caesarean.

    Zithandizo za amayi apakati

    Ndi pyelonephritis ya impso, amayi oyembekezera ayenera kupuma pabedi, kupewa kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwa mkodzo, muyenera kugona mbali imodzi kangapo patsiku, moyang'anizana ndi impso yolowera - miyendo iyenera kukwera pang'ono kuposa mutu. Ngati palibe kuwongolera komwe kumawonedwa mkati mwa maola 24, mkazi adzakhala ndi catheter.

    Maantibayotiki othandizira kutupa kwa impso amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalephera, kusankha kwawo kumatengera nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, mawonekedwe ndi kuuma kwa matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, uroantiseptics, painkillers, antispasmodics ndi mankhwala. Malangizo amathandizidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

    Mankhwala ofunikira othandizira kutupa kwa impso:

    1. Mu trimester yoyamba, maantibayotiki amaikidwa mokhazikika, popeza placenta sichiteteza mwana wosabereka kwathunthu. Munthawi imeneyi, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki a gulu la penicillin - Ampicillin, Amoxiclav.
    2. Mu trimester yachiwiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma antibacterial othandizira omwe ali pagulu la cephalosporins II, m'badwo wa III umaloledwa - Cefazolin, Suprax. Ndalamazi zimatha kumwedwa mpaka masabata makumi atatu, nthawi yayitali ndi masiku 5-10.
    3. Kuyambira masabata 16, ngati kuli kotheka, Nitroxoline ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
    4. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi staphylococci, macrolides - Sumamed, Eritoromycin, angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

    Zofunika! Ndi zoletsedwa kotheratu kuchita chithandizo mukakhala ndi fluoroquinolones (Nolicin), mankhwala ozikidwa pa tetracycline, simungathe kutenga Biseptol, Levomycin.

    Chofunika kwambiri pakumwa mankhwalawa ndi zakudya zoyenera, kutsatira lamulo la kumwa. Zakudya za pyelonephritis mwa amayi apakati zimatanthawuza kukanidwa kwathunthu kwa zokometsera, mchere, mafuta, kusuta, zakudya zokazinga. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakwiyitsa makoma a chikhodzodzo - radishes, sipinachi, sorelo. Ndikwabwino kudya mkate wowuma pang'ono, makamaka kupatsa zinthu kuchokera ku ufa wofikira.

    Muyenera kumwa madzi osachepera malita awiri patsiku. Zakumwa zabwino kwambiri za amayi apakati ndi msuzi wa kiranberi, chiuno chamadzimadzi, madzi amchere osakhala ndi mpweya.

    Kuchiza ndi wowerengeka azitsamba

    Mankhwala azitsamba azithandiza kuonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala; mankhwalawa a pyelonephritis, mbewu zomwe zili ndi diuretic ndi anti-kutupa katundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

    Kodi kuchitira pyelonephritis ndi zitsamba? Choyamba muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi mbewu ziti zomwe siziletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapakati:

  • zipatso za juniper
  • Muzu wa parsley ndi mbewu,
  • mabulosi
  • licorice
  • yarrow.

    Msuzi wa oat ndi njira yothandizira kuchiza matenda a impso. Ndikofunikira kuphika kuchokera ku chimanga - kutsanulira 180 g ya phala 1 lita imodzi yamadzi, simmer kwa maola 2-3 pamoto wochepa. Tengani mankhwala oatmeal pamimba yopanda kanthu, 120 ml katatu patsiku.

    Dzungu ndi masamba athanzi okhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa-yotupa. Kuchokera pamenepo muyenera kupanga madzi, kuphika phala, kudya zosaphika ndi zophika.

    Msuzi wa Rosehip - chakumwa chofunikira kwambiri kwa amayi apakati, chomwe chimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chimakhala ndi katundu wokodzetsa komanso wotsutsa. Thirani zipatso zouma zokwanira 1 litre imodzi ya madzi otentha, simmer pa moto wochepa kwa mphindi 5 muchidebe chotsekedwa. Kuumirira maola atatu, kumwa gawo lonse la msuzi masana.

    Kulowetsedwa kwa thyme kumathandizira kuti muchepetse kupweteka komanso kutupa. Thirani 220 ml ya madzi otentha 5 g zouma zopangira, kusiya kwa mphindi 20. Imwani pang'onopang'ono 15 ml 3-4 pa tsiku. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi masiku 7-10.

    Kupewa

    Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kudziwa momwe angachiritsire pyelonephritis, komanso momwe angapewere kuyambika kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwake. Muyenera kuyendera katswiri wa gynecologist, kukonzekera mkodzo ndi magazi. Pofuna kupewa kuchulukana kwa impso kuyambira sabata 12 mpaka 12, mutha kumwa mankhwala azitsamba - Kanefron N, Brusniver.

    Ngati mbiri yamatenda oyamba a kwamikodzo ilipo, ndiye kuti muyenera kudya zakudya zapadera mpaka kubadwa. Amayi oyembekezera amayenera kutulutsa chikhodzodzo pakatha maola atatu aliwonse pofuna kupewa mkodzo.

    Ndikofunikira kupewa hypothermia, osayendera malo omwe pali anthu ambiri panthawi ya miliri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kwa amayi apakati, kusambira, kuyenda kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 tsiku lililonse.

    Pyelonephritis pa nthawi ya pakati ndi matenda ovuta komanso owopsa, owopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana. Ndikofunikira kuchiza matendawa, chifukwa matendawa amatha kupha mwana. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi, kukhazikitsa malingaliro a dokotala kungakuthandizeni kupewa kuchulukana komanso kuyambiranso kutupa.

    Zimayambitsa pyelonephritis pa nthawi yoyembekezera

    Pyelonephritis pa nthawi ya pakati ndi matenda omwe amakhudza thupi la mayi komanso mwana wosabadwayo. Kupezeka kwake kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu monga purulent necrotic lesion ya impso ndi sepsis. Ndi pyelonephritis pa nthawi yobereka, mwayi wokhala musanabadwe, kusokonezeka m'mimba, kufa kwa intrauterine kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi zovuta zina zowonjezera. Mukamayang'ana pakapita nthawi yayitali pambuyo povutika ndi pyelonephritis pa nthawi ya pakati, azimayi ambiri amapeza pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, nephrossteosis, ochepa matenda oopsa, etc.

    Pachimake pyelonephritis imatha kuchitika pakati, nthawi yobereka ndi nthawi yobereka, pomwe izi zimakonda kutchedwa paphiri gestational pyelonephritis.

    Acute gestational pyelonephritis ya amayi apakati (omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri), azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso puerperas (postpartum pyelonephritis) amadziwika.

    Pafupifupi 10% ya amayi apakati omwe ali ndi pachimake pyelonephritis amadwala mitundu yowononga ya matenda. Mwa iwo, ma carbuncle predomine, kuphatikiza kwawo ndi ampatuko ndi ma abscesses. Amayi ambiri oyembekezera amakhala ndi pachimake pachilonephritis, pomwe mbali yolondola imapezeka kawiri kawiri kuposa kumanzere. Pakadali pano, pyelonephritis ndi yachiwiri kwambiri pakati pa matenda ochulukirapo mwa amayi apakati. Pyelonephritis nthawi yapakati imatha kukhudza azimayi nthawi yawo yoyamba ya kubereka (70-85%) komanso oyambira kuposa ambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kusowa kwa njira zophunzitsira, kusinthasintha kwa thupi, kusintha kwa thupi komanso kusintha kwina komwe kumachitika mthupi la mkazi nthawi yamayi.

    Nthawi zambiri pyelonephritis pa nthawi ya pakati imapezeka mu II ndi III trimesters ya mimba. Nthawi zovutitsa za kukula kwake zimatengedwa kuti ndi milungu 24-26 ndi 32-34th ya mimba, yomwe ingafotokozeredwe ndi peculiarities ya pathogenesis yamatenda mwa amayi apakati. Pafupipafupi, pyelonephritis pa mimba imawonekera pakubala. Pelononephritis ya amayi nthawi zambiri imachitika patsiku la 4-12th masiku otsiriza.

    Zomwe zimayambitsa pyelonephritis pa nthawi ya pakati ndizosiyanasiyana: mabakiteriya, ma virus, bowa, protozoa. Nthawi zambiri, pachimake pyelonephritis nthawi yapakati imayamba chifukwa cha mwayi wam'mimba wamatumbo (E. coli, Proteus). Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika ngati kupitiliza kwa pyelonephritis yaubwana. Kukhazikitsa kwa kutupa kumachitika kawirikawiri kumachitika pa kutha msambo kapena kumayambiriro kwa kutha (ndi kumachitika kwa defloration cystitis ndi pakati). The etiological microbial factor ndi chimodzimodzi kwa mitundu yonse yamatenda a pyelonephritis panthawi yapakati, ndipo mbiri yokhudzana ndi matenda amtundu wa mkojo imapezeka mwaoposa theka la azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto la pyelonephritis panthawi yapakati.

    Bacteriuria ya asymptomatic yopezeka mwa amayi apakati. - chimodzi mwazinthu zangozi zomwe zingayambitse matenda. Wothandizira bakiteriya palokha samayambitsa pachimake pyelonephritis, koma bacteriuria mwa amayi apakati amatha kutsogolera pyelonephritis pa nthawi yapakati. Bacteriuria ya asymptomatic imawonedwa mu 4-10% ya amayi apakati, ndipo pyelonephritis pachimake imapezeka mu 30-80% yotsiriza. Bacteriuria mwa mayi wapakati ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingayambitse vuto la pyelonephritis mwa ana obadwa. Ndizowopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo, chifukwa zimatha kubala mwana asanakwane, preeclampsia ndi mwana wosabadwa. Amadziwika kuti mkodzo wapakati ndi sing'anga wabwino pakukula kwa mabakiteriya (makamaka E. coli). Ichi ndichifukwa chake kudziwika ndi chithandizo cha bacteriuria nthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa zovuta.

    The pafupipafupi asymptomatic bacteriuria mwa amayi apakati amakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zogonana za mayiyo asanatenge pathupi, kupezeka kwa maliseche osiyanasiyana amkodzo, komanso kuphwanya kwaukhondo.

    Renal pyelonephritis mwa akazi: Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

    Zambiri patsamba lino zimaperekedwa kuti zithandizidwe. Osadzisilira. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala!

    Pyelonephritis ambiri amatanthauza zotupa zotupa za impso pelvis ndi parenchyma wa ophatikizidwa ziwalo. Khodi ya ICD-10 ndi N10-N16. Mosiyana ndi glomerulonephritis, yomwe imayambitsa autoimmune nthawi zambiri, pyelonephritis ndimatenda a etiology opatsirana. Matendawa amakula mosaganizira zaka, nthawi zambiri amagonana. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa motere. Chifukwa chake chagona mu urethra wambiri komanso wamfupi. Mwa amuna, urethra ndi wautali, womwe umachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusunthika kwa zomera zam'mimba mu chikhodzodzo, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku impso. Mwa akazi, zosiyana ndi zowona.

    Chifukwa chake, kugonana koyenera kumakhala kotheka kwambiri kuvutika ndi cystitis ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso. Odwala okalamba a menoparance amakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa ndipo kaphatikizidwe ka estrogen kamkakhala kovuta.

    "Matenda a chibadwidwe chachikulu ndi omwe abwera m'nthawi yathu ino," atero a Maryana Lysenko, dotolo wamkulu ku chipatala cha Moscow nambala 52. - Madotolo amatcha impso ngati "ziwalo zopanda chete": sizipweteka, sizipereka ma alarm aliwonse. Zizindikiro zimayamba kale pang'onopang'ono, pakufunika chithandizo champhamvu chachipatala. "

    Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

    Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuyambitsa kwa othandizira matenda opatsirana minyewa, monga E. coli, proteina, staphylococci, enterococci ndi ena. Pafupipafupi, pyelonephritis amayamba ndi oyimira bowa, ma virus, kapena protozoa. Tizilomboti timalowa kudzera munjira ya hemato native (magazi amatuluka kuchokera ku mbali ina) kapena urogenic (kuchokera ku urethra kapena chikhodzodzo cha chikhodzodzo).

    Kuti ntchitoyi ipangike, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zochitika zabwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

  • kusintha kwa kukula kwake, mawonekedwe a anatomical ndikugwira ntchito kwa impso panthawiyi (amakula pang'ono, ndipo chifukwa cha mphamvu ya progesterone yonse ya zigawo zikuluzikulu zimakulitsa, kuphatikiza apo, chiberekero chomwe chikukula chimakakamiza ureters),
  • chikhodzodzo chimataya mamvekedwe ake achibadwa, ndipo ma peristalsis a ureters amakhala ocheperako, omwe amachititsa kuti madziwo asamalowe.
  • zida zama glomerular za impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito ina 50%.

    Mwana wosabadwayo amakula kumawonjezera kukula kwa chiberekero, chomwe chimasinthanso mawonekedwe amkodzo ndikuyambitsa pyelonephritis

  • atapezeka kapena atadziwika kale pakukodza kwamkodzo,
  • njira zopewera matenda amkodzo kapena matenda aakulu amchiberekero mwa azimayi (makamaka, colpitis kapena bacterial vaginosis),
  • amapanga miyala ya impso, makamaka ikakhala yayikulu kukula,
  • mulingo wochepa wazikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko pakati pa azimayi,
  • matenda osachiritsika a ziwalo zina, monga matenda a shuga.

    Pakati pa matendawa, mawonekedwe oopsa a gestational pyelonephritis ndi matenda osachiritsika amadziwika. The pachimake maphunziro a matenda ambiri milandu amapezeka woyamba mimba. Koma pali nthawi zina zomwe zimachitika mwa azimayi pakubeleka kapena kwa puerperas.

    Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi msinkhu wamphumo. Chifukwa chake, mu trimester yoyamba, mkazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lopweteka kwambiri m'chigawo lumbar (m'chiwonetsero cha impso imodzi kapena ziwiri), zomwe zimayang'ana labia komanso m'mimba. Nthawi zina ululu umakhala wolimba kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kusinthanitsa ndi aimpso colic.

    Pambuyo pake (II ndi III trimesters), zochitika zamkati zimawonekera, njira yopezera chikhodzodzo imasokonekera. Kupwetekako sikunenedwe, koma amayi apakati nthawi zonse amayesetsa kutenga malo okakamizidwa, kugona pambali yathanzi ndi miyendo yotsinikizidwa mpaka m'mimba.

    Pali zizindikiro za kuledzera matenda, nthawi zina amapambana madandaulo ena, omwe amapangitsa kuti matenda azidziwika nthawi yake. Mzimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kufooka, kudya kwake kumachepa, amachepa, komanso amakhala ndi vuto lofooka.

    Zovuta zotheka

    Matenda monga gestational pyelonephritis amaika pangozi thanzi la mkazi komanso mwana wosabadwa, chifukwa zimatha kukhudza nthawi yachibadwa ya mwana wosabadwayo. Pali chiwopsezo chachindunji cha matenda a intrauterine, kuchotsa pakati kapena kubereka mwachangu, kuphatikiza khanda lakufa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchulukana kwakukulu kwa zipupa za chiberekero poyankha ululu ndi kutupa, komanso mkhalidwe wabwinobwino.

    Nthawi yovuta kwambiri yamatendawa imadziwika kuti ndi milungu 32-34 ya bere, yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukwaniritsa kukula kwakukulu kwa chiberekero.

    Vuto lotchuka la gestational pyelonephritis limadziwika kuti ndi gawo la gestosis mwa azimayi, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi edema, kuchuluka kwa magazi komanso kuwoneka kwa protein yayikulu pamitsempha.

    Tisaiwale za zovuta zodabwitsa za gestational pyelonephritis monga gestosis

    Zizindikiro

    Kuti apange chidziwitso choyenera, komanso chofunikira kwambiri chapanthawi yake, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso zowonekera pang'onopang'ono.

    Mndandanda wa mayeso a labotale:

  • kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi (kuchuluka kwa ESR ndi maselo oyera a magazi, leukocyturia, bacteriuria),
  • kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa magazi ndi kukakamiza kwa magawo a impso (zomwe zili zotsalira za nayitrogeni ndi urea zimawonjezeka),
  • kusanthula kowonjezera kwamayikidwe a kwamikodzo pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Nechiporenko, zitsanzo za Zimnitsky ndi Addis-Kakovsky.
  • Mayeso a Reberg,
  • michere yamikodzo, chikhalidwe ndi kutsimikiza kwa chidwi cha tizilomboto kuti tikwaniritse maantibayotiki.

    • Ultrasound ya kwamikodzo thiraki ndi kutsimikiza kwa magazi otaya velocity (dopplerography),
    • CT scan ya impso (mu zovuta kufufuza matenda).

    Njira zochizira

    Njira zochizira ndi:

  • kulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana komanso kupumula kwa zizindikiro zonse zamatenda,
  • kukonza kwamikodzo,
  • matenda a mkodzo ndi magazi ku labotale,
  • kupewa kwambiri zotheka zovuta ndi kubwerera kwa pyelonephritis.

    Gestational pyelonephritis imafuna kuyang'aniridwa pafupi, ndipo, monga lamulo, kumabweretsa kuchipatala kwa amayi apakati

    Kugonekedwa pachipatala kukuwoneka pazochitika zotsatirazi:

  • kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a pyelonephritis,
  • Zizindikiro za gestosis adalowa chipatala cha matenda,
  • pali kuphwanya kwambiri ntchito ya impso,
  • ultrasound imawonetsa zizindikiro zosonyeza kuperewera kwa vuto la mwana,
  • Asymptomatic bacteriuria sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakukwanira.

    Njira zopanda mankhwala

    Amayi oyembekezera amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi bondo-wondo kwa mphindi 15-20 osachepera 4-5 patsiku.

    Zakudya zokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri (blackcurrant, pichesi, mphesa, kaloti ndi ena) zimayambitsidwa muzakudya, madzi a kiranberi amalimbikitsidwa.

    Kugona kumayenera kukhala kokha kwamtundu wathanzi.

    Njira zamankhwala

    Ma antibacterial amathandizidwa kumayambiriro koyambitsa matenda, chifukwa izi zimatsimikizira kupitilira komanso kupewa mavuto. Mu trimester yoyamba, aminopenicillins, otetezedwa makamaka, amaloledwa, ndipo mu trimesters yachiwiri ndi yachitatu, kugwiritsa ntchito cephalosparins ndi macrolides sikuletsedwa. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya mankhwala 2 milungu.

  • detoxization imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ndi albumin,
  • munthawi ya gawo lotchulidwa, spispasmodics ndi mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, no-shpa),
  • mankhwala a diuretic amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi wa impso, msuzi wa bere.
  • Mankhwala othandizira

    Ngati chithandizo chosasamala sichingabweretse zotsatira zoyenera kapena sizikhudza thanzi la mayi wapakati, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti abwezeretsere mkodzo wa mkodzo. Pakakhala kukayikirana kwa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba kapena chikhodzodzo mu minyewa ya impso, kulowererapo kwa endoscopic kapena m'mimba kumachitika.

    Kuyendera kwa gynecologist panthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa ndikuchokera pakudziwitsana kwakanthawi kakuti kupatuka kulikonse komwe thanzi la mwana wanu wamtsogolo limadalira

    The pathogenesis of pyelonephritis

    Tizilombo toyenda ndi magazi timalowa m'mitsempha ya impso ndipo timayambitsa kutupa ndi kusinthika mwa iwo. Choyambitsa matenda a pyelonephritis ndi matenda.

    Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda:

  • Escherichia coli ndi Escherichia coli,
  • streptococci,
  • khalimotz,
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
  • L mabakiteriya okhala ndi mawonekedwe.

    The pathogenesis ya pachimake ndi matenda pyelonephritis amakula chimodzimodzi.

    Kodi ma gestationalabetes mellitus: ICD-10 code, chithunzi cha matenda ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

    Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga ndikuyenda bwino kwa dongosolo la endocrine.

    Kuyamwa kwa glucose kumacheperachepera, zakudya zamagazi zimakwezedwa, pali zosintha zoyipa zamatenda, mitsempha yamagazi imakhudzidwa. Pali mitundu ingapo yazachipatala, imodzi mwakuti ndi matenda a shuga. Malinga ndi ICD-10, kuzindikiritsa kumalembetsedwa pansi pa code ndi dzina linalake.

    Zidziwitso zaposachedwa za matendawa zakula, kotero zikakonzedwa, akatswiri amakumana ndi zovuta zina.

    Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga ndi:

    Ngati thupi lilibe insulin kwambiri, limayimira matenda a nthenga. Vutoli limayambitsidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic okhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula ali aang'ono.

    Mtundu 2, kuperewera kwa insulini kumachitika. Zimapangidwa zokwanira. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana ndi maselo ndikuthandizira kulowa kwa glucose kuchokera m'magazi kumachepetsedwa. Popita nthawi, kupanga chinthu kumachepa.

    Ngati mayi adadwala GDM panthawi yoyembekezera, ndikofunikira kuti magazi a shuga onse abadwe mukangobadwa kumene komanso mtsogolomo nthawi 1 pachaka.

    Pali mitundu yambiri yosowa yamatenda yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda, mankhwala, komanso cholowa. Payokha, matenda ashuga amapezeka nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

    Sakani ndi TIN

    • OKPO lolemba ndi TIN

    Sakani nambala ya OKPO ndi TIN OKTMO INN

    Sakani nambala ya OKTMO ya TIN OKATO INN

    Sakani nambala ya OKATO yolembedwa ndi TIN OKOPF wolemba TIN

    Sakani nambala ya OKOPF ndi TIN OKOG pa TIN

    Sakani khodi ya OKOGU yolemba TIN ZABODZA ndi TIN

    Sakani nambala ya OKFS ndi TIN BIN pa TIN

    Sakani OGRN ndi TIN Pezani TIN

    Sakani mabungwe a TIN ndi dzina, TIN IP ndi dzina

    Otembenuza

    • OKOF ku OKOF2

    Kutanthauzira kwa codeOF yophunzitsira ya OKOF mu code ya OKOF2 OKDP mu OKPD2

    Kutanthauzira kwa kachidindo ka gulu la OKDP mu code ya OKPD2 OKP mu OKPD2

    Kutanthauzira kwa codePere yophunzira ya OKP mu code ya OKPD2 OKPD mu OKPD2

    Kutanthauzira kwa codePier classifier code (OK 034-2007 (CPA 2002)) mu code ya OKPD2 (OK 034-2014 (CPA 2008)) OKUN mu OKPD2

    Kutanthauzira kwa cholowera cholowera cha OKUN mu code ya OKPD2 OKONZEDWA mu OKVED2

    Kutanthauzira kwa OKVED2007 kope lolowera mu code ya OKVED2 OKONZEDWA mu OKVED2

    Kutanthauzira kwa OKVED2001 classifier code mu OKVED2 code OKATO ku OKTMO

    Kutanthauzira kwa cholembera cha gulu la OKATO mu code ya OKTMO HS mu OKPD2

    Kutanthauzira kwa code ya HS mu codePere ya OKPD2 OKPD2 mu HS

    Kutanthauzira kwa mtundu wa OKPD2 wolowera mu code ya HS OKZ-93 ku OKZ-2014

    Kutanthauzira kwa OKZ-93 classifier code mu OKZ-2014 code

    Ophunzirawa onse-aku Russia

    • Gulu la ESKD

    Mitundu yonse ya Russia ndi mitundu yazopanga ndi mapangidwe Okhala bwino 012-93 KAYI

    Kusankhidwa kwa mabungwe m'magawo azachuma Okato

    Gulu lonse la Russia-pagulu la zinthu zoyang'anira-malo ampata OK 019-95 OKV

    All-Russian Classifier of Currensets OK (MK (ISO 4217) 003-97) 014-2000 OKVGUM

    Gulu lonse la Russia la mitundu yonse ya katundu, ma CD ndi ma CD a zinthu zolondola OK 031-2002 ZABWINO

    Gulu Lonse la Russia-Classifier of Types of Economic Activities OK 029-2007 (NACE Rev. 1.1) OKONZEDWA 2

    Mitundu Yonse ya ku Russia Yophunzira Zachuma Zazachuma OK 029-2014 (NACE RED. 2) OGR

    Gulu Lonse la Russia Classifier of Hydropowerource OK 030-2002 OKEY

    Gulu lonse la Russia-mayunitsi pazoyenera OK 015-94 (MK 002-97) OKZ

    Gulu lonse la Russia lochita bwino pa 010-2014 (ISKZ-08) OKIN

    Gulu Lonse la Russia-Zowerengera Zachidziwitso Chabwino 018-2014 OKISZN

    Gulu lonse la Russia-lazidziwitso zachitetezo cha anthu. Chabwino 003-99 (chomveka mpaka 12/01/2017) OKISZN-2017

    Gulu lonse la Russia-lazidziwitso zachitetezo cha anthu. OK 003-2017 (chomveka kuyambira 01.12.2017) OKNPO

    Gulu Lonse la ku Russia la maphunziro apamwamba aukadaulo OK 023-95 (likugwira mpaka 01.07.2017) OKOGU

    All-Russian Classifier of Public Administration OK 006 - 2011 Chabwino

    The All-Russian Classifier of Information on the All-Russian Classifiers. Chabwino 026-2002 OKOPF

    Gulu Lonse la Russia la mitundu yovomerezeka OK 028-2012 OKOF

    Zosewerera ku Russia Zopanga Zokhazikika Zabwino 013-94 (ndizoyenera mpaka 01.01.2017) OKOF 2

    All-Russian Classifier of Asixed Assets OK 013-2014 (SNA 2008) (kuyambira 01.01.2017) Chabwino

    Gulu lililonse la Russia-Classified OK 005-93 (lovomerezeka mpaka 01/01/2017) OKPD2

    Mitundu yonse ya Russia ndi gulu laazinthu zamtundu wa zachuma OK 034-2014 (CPA 2008) OKPDTR

    Gulu Lonse la Russia Wophunzira Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito, Malo Ogwira Ntchito ndi Maudindo Atera Zili bwino 016-94 OKPIiPV

    Onse-Russia gulu la mchere ndi pansi. Chabwino 032-2002 OKPO

    Onse-Russia gulu la mabizinesi ndi mabungwe. Chabwino 007-93 ACS

    Classified All-Russian Classifier of Standards OK (MK (ISO / ISO / ICS) 001-96) 001-2000 OKSVNK

    Gulu Lonse la Russia la maphunziro apamwamba apamwamba kwambiri pazasayansi OK 017-2013 OKSM

    Gulu Lonse Lapansi la Russia Lapadziko Lonse Lomwe Lili bwino (MK (ISO 3166) 004-97) 025-2001 ZABWINO

    Ophunzira ku Russia onse mwapadera ndi maphunziro OK 009-2003 (chomveka mpaka 01.07.2017) OXO 2016

    Gulu lililonse la Russia-la zapaderadera ndi maphunziro OK 009-2016 (loyenera kuyambira pa 07/01/2017) OCTS

    Magulu onse aku Russia omwe amasintha zochitika posintha bwino 035-2015 OKTMO

    Kalasi Yonse-Ku Russia Yopanda Madera Akutali Pamizinda 033-2013 OKUD

    Gulu la Russia-lonse loyang'anira zolembedwa OK 011-93 ZABWINO

    Onse-Ku Russia Classifier of Fomu Za Umwini OK 027-99 ZABWINO

    Gulu Lonse la Russia Wophunzira Zachuma. Chabwino 024-95 Perch

    Onse-Russia gulu la ntchito kwa anthu. Chabwino 002-93 CN FEA

    Commencity nomenclature of economic kigeni (TN FEA EAEU) Ophunzira a VRI ZU

    Gulu la mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito malo kuloledwa KOSGU

    Ophunzira maboma ambiri FKKO 2016

    Katundu wakusankhidwa kwa federal (mpaka mpaka 06/24/2017) FKKO 2017

    Katundu wazamtundu wa Federal zinyalala (zovomerezeka kuyambira 06.24.2017) KULAMULIRA

    RF Adilesi Yophunzitsira BBK

    Gestational matenda a shuga - zizindikiro zazikulu:

    • Kuchepetsa mseru
    • Kukodza pafupipafupi
    • Kubweza
    • Pakamwa pakamwa
    • Kutopa
    • Ludzu lalikulu
    • Masomphenya otsika
    • Kutupa kwa chikhodzodzo

    Zizindikiro zamatenda a shuga panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndizosiyana ndi mtundu wofanana wa 1 kapena 2, popeza palibe kusintha kwakukulu pakukhala bwino.

    Kuti mupeze kuzindikira koyenera, kuyeserera kwa zasayansi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo chimachokera ku njira zosasamala, makamaka, pakumwedwa kwa chakudya.

    Pakugawana kwamayiko padziko lonse, matenda otere ali ndi tanthauzo lake. Khodi ya ICD-10 ndi O24.4.

    Amayi aliwonse omwe ali ndi mwayi amatha kukumana ndi zizindikiro za GDM - izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mthupi. Mwa iwo, kufooka kwa minofu ndi maselo kupita ku insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba.

    Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azachipatala amasiyanitsa zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimayang'ana mtsogolo zomwe zimadalira chibadwa cha mkazi "muudindo". Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga gestational nthawi yapakati ndi:

    Nthawi zina, zimachitika kuti matenda a shuga amadzisungira yekha atabereka, koma kuthekera kwakuti matendawa asaonekere m'tsogolo sayenera kuthana nawo.

    Mavuto

    Matenda a shuga osokoneza bongo si owopsa kwa mkazi komanso kwa mwana. Chovuta chokha kwa mayi woyembekezera ndikuti mwana akabadwa amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga.

    Kuopsa kwa matenda kwa khanda:

    • shuga wamagazi ochepa
    • chitukuko cha matenda ashuga,
    • otsika a magnesium ndi calcium.

    Mkhalidwe wonga wa mwana wosabadwayo wa mwana wosabadwayo amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

    • kukula kwa mwana,
    • kusagwirizana pakati pa thupi ndi miyendo,
    • kutupa kwa minofu
    • mafuta ochepa opindika
    • jaundice
    • kulephera kupuma
    • kuchuluka kwamitsempha yamagazi, komwe kungayambitse kupangidwa kwa magazi.

  • Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu