Glucose dontho: zomwe zimafunika ndipo zimathandiza bwanji thupi

Glucose, yomwe ndi gawo la madzi othandiza pakumwa poyizoni, ndiye gwero lamphamvu kwambiri lothandizira kukhalabe ndi maselo amthupi aanthu.

Glucose (dextrose, shuga ya mphesa) ndi "mafuta" padziko lonse lapansi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa maselo aubongo ndi dongosolo lonse lathupi la munthu.

Wotsitsa wokhathamira wokhala ndi glucose wokonzekera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amakono ngati njira yoperekera thandizo lamphamvu, kulola wodwalayo kukhala munthawi yochepa kwambiri ngati akudwala kwambiri, wavulala, atachitapo kanthu opaleshoni.

Glucose katundu

Katunduyu adayamba kupatulidwa ndikufotokozedwa ndi dokotala waku Britain W. Praouth koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Ndi phula lokoma (chakudya), molekyu yake yomwe ndi maatomu 6 a kaboni.

Amapangidwa muzomera kudzera mu photosynthesis, mu mawonekedwe ake oyera amangokhala mphesa. Nthawi zambiri, umalowa mthupi la munthu ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi wowuma ndi sucrose, ndipo zimamasulidwa pakudya.

Thupi limapanga "njira yosungira" yamtunduwu mu mawonekedwe a glycogen, ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu yowonjezera yothandizira moyo pakagwa zovuta, thupi kapena malingaliro, kudwala kapena zina.

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 3.5-5 mmol pa lita. Ma mahomoni angapo amagwira ntchito ngati owongolera kuchuluka kwa chinthucho, chofunikira kwambiri ndi insulin ndi glucagon.

Glucose imadyedwa nthawi zonse ngati gwero lamphamvu la ma neurons, minofu ndi maselo amwazi.

Ndikofunikira kwa:

kupereka kagayidwe m'maselo,
njira yokhazikika ya njira za redox,
matenda a chiwindi
kukonzanso mphamvu zachilengedwe,
kusunga madzi osalala,
kupititsa patsogolo kuchotsa kwa poizoni.

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi pazithandizo zachipatala kumathandizira kubwezeretsa thupi pambuyo poyizoni ndi matenda, njira zopangira opaleshoni.

Zokhudza thupi

Machitidwe a dextrose ndi amodzi ndipo amatsogozedwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zochita za anthu.

Chofunikira kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku kwa anthu omwe akuchita ntchito yayikulu yamphamvu kapena yolemetsa (chifukwa chakufuna mphamvu zowonjezera).

Thupi limavutika chimodzimodzi ndikusowa komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

owonjezera amakhumudwitsa kwambiri kapamba kuti apange insulini ndikubweretsa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziwoneka msanga, kutupa, kusinthika kwa maselo a chiwindi m'mafuta, kusokoneza mtima,
kuchepa kumayambitsa kufa kwa maselo aubongo, kufooka ndi kufooketsa, kuyambitsa kufooka, nkhawa, chisokonezo, kukomoka, kufa kwa ma neurons.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa glucose m'magazi ndi:

zakudya zosayenera za anthu, chakudya chosakwanira chomwe chimalowa m'mimba,
poyizoni wa chakudya ndi mowa,
zosokoneza mthupi (matenda a chithokomiro, neoplasms yovuta, matenda am'mimba, matenda osiyanasiyana).

Mulingo wofunikira wa thupilo m'magazi uyenera kusamalidwa kuti ugwire ntchito zofunika - kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, chapakati mantha, minofu, kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi.

Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wofunikira wa chinthucho umapangidwanso ndi chakudya, vuto la matenda, matenda, poyizoni, shuga limayikidwa kuti likhazikitse vutoli.

Zovuta za Dextrose

Pazifukwa zamankhwala, dontho lokhala ndi dextrose limagwiritsidwa ntchito:

kutsitsa shuga
kutopa ndi kutopa,
Kutalika kwa matenda angapo (matenda opatsitsa chiwindi, matenda am'mimba, zotupa za ma virus ndi kuledzera kwamkati mwa dongosolo) monga njira inanso yopezera mphamvu zathupi.
zosokoneza pa ntchito ya mtima,
zinthu zadzidzidzi
kuchepa kwambiri kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuphatikiza magazi,
kuperewera kwa madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha kuledzera kapena matenda, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (limodzi ndi matenda am'mimba komanso kusanza kwadzaoneni),
Mimba kusunga chitukuko cha fetal.

Mitundu yayikulu ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ndi mayankho ndi mapiritsi.

Mlingo Wamitundu

Njira zothetsera mavuto ndizabwino kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumathandizira kukonza ndikulimbitsa thupi la wodwala mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Mankhwala, mitundu iwiri ya yankho la Dextrose imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasiyana pamafomu ogwiritsira ntchito:

isotonic 5%, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, chakudya chawo chamagulu, kusunga madzi olimbitsa, amakupatsani mphamvu zowonjezera pamoyo,
hypertonic, normalizing metabolism ndi ntchito ya chiwindi, kuthamanga kwa magazi a osmotic, kupititsa patsogolo kuyeretsa kuchokera ku poizoni, kumakhala ndi kuzungulira kosiyana (mpaka 40%).

Nthawi zambiri, shuga amaperekedwa kudzera mu mnofu, monga jakisoni wambiri woipa kwambiri pamitsempha yamagazi. Kuwongolera madontho kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osunthika nthawi zonse m'matumba akufunika kwakanthawi.

Pambuyo pakuyamwa kwa dextrose, umagwera mu kaboni dayokiti ndi madzi mothandizidwa ndi asidi, kumasula mphamvu yofunikira maselo.

Glucose mu isotonic solution

Dende ya Dextrose 5% imaperekedwa ku thupi la wodwalayo m'njira zonse zomwe zingatheke, chifukwa imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi a osmotic.

Nthawi zambiri, madontho amayamba pogwiritsa ntchito 500 ml kapena kupitirira. mpaka 2000 ml. patsiku. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, glucose (njira yotsikira) imayikidwa m'matumba a polyethylene owonekera kapena mabotolo agalasi ofanana.

Yankho la isotonic limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a mankhwala ena omwe amafunikira mankhwalawa, ndipo zotsatira za donthoyo pakhungu likhala chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa glucose komanso mankhwala enaake pakapangidwe kake (mtima wa glycosides kapena mankhwala ena omwe amawonongeka ndi madzi am'madzi, ascorbic acid).

Nthawi zina, mavuto omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukapanda kuleka amatha:

kuphwanya zamchere mchere
kusintha kwa thupi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi,
kulakalaka kwambiri
malungo
magazi ndi ma hematomas pamalo a jekeseni,
kuchuluka kwa magazi,
shuga owonjezera wamagazi (woopsa, chikomokere).

Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chatsimikiza yolakwika ya kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi otayika thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi othandiza kuti mudzaze. Kuwongolera kwamadzi olowa kwambiri kumachitika ndi ma diuretics.

Hypertonic Dextrose Solution

Njira yayikulu yoyendetsera yankho - kudzera m'mitsempha. Kwa otsitsira, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ndi dokotala (10-40%) poyerekeza ndi osaposa 300 ml patsiku ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, kutaya magazi kwambiri pambuyo povulala komanso kutuluka magazi.

Kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose wokhazikika kumakupatsani mwayi:

konzani ntchito ya chiwindi,
kusintha mtima wamtima
bwezeretsani magazi mokwanira,
imathandizira kuchotsa kwamadzi kuchokera mthupi,
bwino kagayidwe kachakudya minofu,
imafinya mitsempha yamagazi.

Mlingo wa kulowetsedwa kwa chinthu pa ola limodzi, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa tsiku limodzi, kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka komanso kulemera kwa wodwalayo.

Chololedwa:

akulu - osaposa 400 ml.,
ana - mpaka 170 ml. pa 1000 magalamu a kulemera, makanda - 60 ml.

Ndi nthenda ya hypoglycemic, dontho lokhala ndi glucose limayikidwa ngati njira yotithandizira, pomwe malingana ndi malangizo a dokotala, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwalayo kumayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse (monga momwe thupi limayankhira chithandizo).

Zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati otsalira

Ponyamula njira yothira m'magazi a wodwala, pulasitiki yotayikira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dontho kumachitika pakafunika kuti mankhwalawo alowe m'magazi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa sikupitirira muyeso womwe mukufuna.

Ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo, kusintha komwe kumachitika, kuphatikiza ziwopsezo, zitha kuonedwa, ndikumayikidwa kochepa, zotsatira za mankhwalawa sizingatheke.

Nthawi zambiri, shuga (dontho) limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda oopsa, omwe amayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse m'magazi a yogwira. Mankhwala omwe amalowetsedwa mthupi ndi njira yotsitsa mkaka amathanso kuchita zinthu mwachangu, ndipo adotolo amatha kudziwa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.

Amakanda kudzera m'mitsempha ngati pakufunika kuti alowerere mankhwala ambiri kapena madzi m'matumbo kuti azitha kukhazikitsa mtima wodwalayo mankhwala atatha kuwopsa poyambitsa opaleshoni.

Dongosololi silinaikidwe mu mtima kulephera, kutsekeka kwa impso komanso chizolowezi cha edema, kutupa kwamkati (chisankho chimapangidwa ndi adokotala, kuwerenga milandu iliyonse).

Kufotokozera, Zizindikiro ndi ma contraindication

Mphamvu ya glucose imapereka mphamvu kwa thupi lonse. Zimathandizira kubwezeretsa mphamvu mwachangu komanso kukonza bwino thanzi la wodwalayo. Izi zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a maselo aubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Nthawi zambiri, shuga wokhudzana ndi mtsempha wamitsempha amadziwitsidwa pambuyo pake.

Zifukwa zazikulu za kusowa kwa zinthuzi ndi izi:

kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi chakudya,
matenda a chithokomiro
mapangidwe a neoplasm,
matumbo ndi mavuto am'mimba.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamagazi m'magazi uyenera kusungidwa kuti kuchitidwe kwakanthawi kwamkati kwamanjenje, mtima komanso kutentha kwa thupi.

Pali zisonyezero zingapo zamankhwala zothandizira kukhazikitsa yankho. Izi zikuphatikiza:

kutsitsa shuga
dziko lodzidzimutsa
hepatic chikomokere
mavuto a mtima
kutopa kwakuthupi
magazi amkati
nthawi yantchito
matenda opatsirana opatsirana
chiwindi
achina,
matenda ammbuyo.

Dontho la glucose limaperekedwa kwa ana ngati pali kuchepa kwamkaka, kuchepa kwamadzi, jaundice, poyizoni komanso ngati asanakwane. Mankhwala omwewo amaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa kubadwa ndi kufa kwa njala kwa okosijeni.

Ndikofunikira kukana kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga, ngati zochitika zotsatila zamankhwala zilipo:

kulolerana pang'ono kwa shuga
hyperosmolar chikomokere,
shuga wowonjezera,
hyperlactacidemia,
hyperglycemia.

Mosamala kwambiri, dontho lochoka pansi lingaperekedwe kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso kapena mtima. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotere pa nthawi ya pakati komanso mkaka wa m'mawere kumaloledwa. Komabe, kupatula pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga, dokotala amayenera kuwunika kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga munthawi ya bere.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yankho

Pali mitundu iwiri yankho: isotonic ndi hypertonic. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndikumata kwa glucose, komanso zamankhwala zomwe ali nazo m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Njira yothetsera isotonic ndi kuzungulira kwa 5% ya chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu madzi a jakisoni kapena mchere. Mankhwala amtundu uwu ali ndi izi:

kusintha magazi,
kubwezeretsanso kwamadzi m'thupi,
kukopa kwaubongo,
kuchotsa kwa poizoni ndi zoopsa,
cell zakudya.

Njira yotereyi itha kuperekedwa osati kudzera mu intraven kuphela, komanso kudzera mu enema. Mitundu ya hypertonic ndi njira yothetsera jakisoni 10-40%. Ili ndi zotsatirazi mthupi la wodwalayo:

imayambitsa kupanga ndi kuchotsa mkodzo,
amalimbitsa ndi kuchepetsa misempha yamagazi,
bwino kagayidwe kachakudya njira,
kuthamanga kwa magazi a osmotic
amachotsa poizoni ndi poizoni.

Kupititsa patsogolo jakisoni, mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zopindulitsa. Dontho la glucose lokhala ndi ascorbic acid limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda opatsirana, magazi ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi. Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zina:

novocaine
sodium kolorayidi
Actovegin
Dianyl PD4,
plasma lit 148.

Novocaine amawonjezeredwa ku yankho la vuto la poizoni, gestosis pa nthawi yapakati, toxosis komanso kupweteka kwambiri. Ndi hypokalemia, yomwe idayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kuledzera ndi matenda ashuga, potaziyamu wa chloride amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu china. Njira yothetsera vutoli imaphatikizidwa ndi Actovegin kwa zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, mabala ndi mavuto am'mitsempha. Dianyl PD4 limodzi ndi shuga amasonyezedwa kulephera kwa impso. Ndi kuthetsa poyizoni, peritonitis ndi kuchepa kwamadzi, yankho ndi plasmalite 148 limayambitsidwa.

Mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi mlingo

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kudzera mu dontho kumayikidwa pakakhala koyenera kuti mankhwalawo alowe m'magazi pang'onopang'ono. Ngati musankha mlingo woyipa, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatira zoyipa kapena sayanjana.

Nthawi zambiri, dontho lotere limayikidwa nthawi yochizira matenda akuluakulu, ndikofunikira kuti mankhwalawa amapezeka m'magazi komanso muyezo. Mankhwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi njira yodontha amayamba kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, chifukwa chake dokotala amatha kupenda zotsatira zake.

Njira yothetsera 5% yogwira ntchito imalowetsedwa mu mtsempha pamlingo wofika 7 ml pa mphindi. Mlingo waukulu patsiku ndi malita awiri a munthu wamkulu. Mankhwala okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 10% amathitsidwa pamlingo wofika 3 ml pamphindi. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 1 litre. Yankho la 20% limayendetsedwa pa 1.5-2 ml pa mphindi.

Kwa oyendetsa ndege opaka mkati, ndikofunikira kupereka yankho la 5 kapena 10% mu 10-50 ml. Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kagayidwe kabwinobwino, mlingo wa mankhwalawa patsiku suyenera kupitirira 250-450 g. Ndipo kuchuluka kwamadzi tsiku ndi tsiku komwe kumachotsedwa kumachokera pa 30 mpaka 40 ml pa kg. Patsiku loyamba la ana, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa 6 g, ndiye 15 g iliyonse.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi bongo

Milandu yowonetsera zolakwika ndiyosowa. Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala kusakonzekera molakwika yankho kapena kukhazikitsa kwa dextrose mu Mlingo wolakwika. Odwala atha kuona zotsatirazi:

kunenepa
magazi amawonekera m'malo omwe dontho linaikidwapo,
malungo
kulakalaka
subcutaneous minofu necrosis,
Hypervolemia.

Chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa mwachangu, kudzikundikira kwamadzi m'thupi kumatha kuchitika. Ngati kuthekera kwa kuphatikiza glucose kulipo, ndiye kuti kuyendetsa mwachangu kungayambitse kukula kwa hyperglycemia. Nthawi zina, pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphate mu plasma.

Ngati zizindikiro za bongo zimachitika, siyani kupereka yankho. Kenako, dokotalayo amawunika momwe wodwalayo alili, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, amamuthandiza.

Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi

Kuti mankhwalawa abweretse mphamvu yayikulu, tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti chifukwa chiyani shuga amawokedwa m'mitsempha, nthawi yayitali bwanji yoyendetsedwa ndi mlingo woyenera. Njira yothetsera mankhwalawa singagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu kwambiri kapena kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Popewa kukula kwa thrombophlebitis, thupilo limalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yayikulu. Dokotala amayenera kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa madzi am'magetsi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mosamala kwambiri, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa chifukwa cha mavuto omwe magazi amayenda m'magazi mu ubongo.Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwalawa amapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke mu ubongo, motero zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo alowerere. Njira yothetsera vutoli siyenera kuperekedwa mwachisawawa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha.

Asanachite mabodza, dokotalayo ayenera kulankhula chifukwa chake shuga amapendekera m'mitsempha komanso zomwe ziyenera kuwonedwa. Asanalowe pansi chinthu, katswiri ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zotsutsana.

Makhalidwe wamba

Mayina apadziko lonse ndi amakhemikolo: Dextrose, D - (+) - glucopyranose,

Zoyambira zathupi komanso mankhwala: wopanda khungu kapena chikaso pang'ono, madzi oyera,

Zopangidwa: 1 ampoule wokhala ndi shuga (Glucose - shuga ya mphesa, chakudya chamagulu a monosaccharides. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira za metabolic zomwe zimapatsa maselo amoyo mphamvu) 8 g, zotuluka: 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution (mpaka pH 3.0-4.0), sodium chloride - 0,052 g, madzi a jakisoni (Kubaya - jakisoni, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous ndi ena magwiridwe ochepa a mayankho (makamaka mankhwala) mu zimakhala (ziwiya) za thupi - mpaka 20 ml.

Yankho la jakisoni.

Gulu la Pharmacotherapeutic

Njira zothetsera mtsempha wamkati. Zakudya zomanga thupi (Zakudya zomanga thupi - imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za ma cell ndi tiziwalo tamoyo. Patsani maselo amoyo onse ndi mphamvu (glucose ndi mitundu yake yopuma - wowuma, glycogen), mutenge nawo gawo lachitetezo cha mthupi (chitetezo). Pazakudya, masamba, zipatso, ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'mafuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo (heparin, mtima glycosides, maantibayotiki ena). Kuchulukitsidwa kwa michere ina m'magazi ndi mkodzo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha matenda ena (shuga mellitus). Zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku za anthu opanga chakudya ndi 400-450 g). ATC B05B A03.

Mankhwala

Glucose imapereka gawo logwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu. Ndi kuyambitsa kwa hypertonic njira mu mtsempha, intravascular osmotic kuthamanga, magazi madzimadzi kuchokera minyewa magazi, kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya zimathandizira (Kupenda - magulu azomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azitha kupanga kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu. Pakukonzekera kwa kagayidwe kazinthu, thupi limazindikira kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe (makamaka chakudya), zomwe, zikusintha kwambiri, zimasandulika kukhala zinthu za thupi lokha, zigawo zofunikira za thupi), ntchito yokhudza chiwindi imayenda bwino, ntchito za contractile za minofu ya mtima zimachuluka, ziwiya zimakulira,Diuresis - kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kwakanthawi. Mwa anthu, tsiku ndi tsiku diuresis pafupifupi 1200-1600 ml). Ndi kuyambitsa kwa hypertonic glucose solution, njira za redox zimatheka, ndipo kuyika kwa glycogen mu chiwindi kumayendetsedwa.

Pambuyo pokonzekera mtsempha wamagazi, glucose amene amatuluka ndimagazi amalowa ziwalo ndi minyewa, komwe amakhudzidwa ndi njira ya metabolic (Kupenda - kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosinthika ya zinthu ndi mphamvu m'thupi, kuonetsetsa kukula kwake, ntchito zofunikira komanso kubala kwina, komanso ubale wake ndi chilengedwe komanso kuzolowera kusintha kwina). Glucose amasungira m'maselo amisempha yambiri mwanjira ya glycogen. Kulowa mu glycolysis (Glycolysis - Njira yogawa michere pansi pa michere. Mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa pa glycolysis imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zanyama) glucose imapangidwa kuti ipangike kapena kukhala lactate, pansi pamikhalidwe ya aerobic, pyruvate imapukusidwa kwathunthu ku mpweya woipa komanso madzi ndi kupangidwa kwa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a ATP. Zomaliza zomaliza zowonjezera za okosijeni am'magazi zimabisidwa ndi mapapu (kaboni dayoksidi) ndi impso (madzi).

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Hypoglycemia (Hypoglycemia - chikhalidwe chifukwa cha m'magazi a m'madzi a m'magazi ochepa.Amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zakuchulukirapo kwachisoni ndi thukuta la adrenaline (thukuta, nkhawa, kunjenjemera, matenda am'mimba, matenda am'mimba), matenda opatsirana, matenda a chiwindi, matenda opatsirana ndi poizoni ndi ena oopsa (Zoopsa - poizoni, kuvulaza thupi) mkhalidwe, kuchitira mankhwalawa (Manjenjemera - chikhalidwe chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magazi m'magazi (magazi am'magazi), ndizotsatira za hypovolemia, sepsis, kulephera kwa mtima kapena kuchepa kwa mawu achifundo. Choyambitsa mantha ndikuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi kuzungulira (chiŵerengero cha BCC kufika pamphamvu pa bedi lamitsempha) kapena kuwonongeka pakukopa kwa mtima. Chipatala chodabwitsacho chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi ofunikira: ubongo (chikumbumtima ndi kupuma zimasowa), impso (diuresis zimasowa), mtima (myocardial hypoxia). Hypovolemic mantha chifukwa chotaya magazi kapena madzi a m'magazi. Kugwedezeka kwa madzi a m'mimba kumapangitsa kuti ma sepsis athere: zinyalala zomwe zimalowa m'magazi zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma capillaries. Odziwika bwino monga kugwedezeka kwa hypovolemic ndi zizindikiro za matenda. Ma hemodynamics omwe ali ndi septic mantha akusintha nthawi zonse. Kubwezeretsa BCC, chithandizo cha kulowetsedwa ndikofunikira. Cardiogenic mantha amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka pakukopa kwa mtima. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa myocardial contractility: dopamine, norepinephrine, dobutamine, epinephrine, isoprenaline. Kugwedezeka kwa Neurogenic - kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi kuzungulira magazi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mawu achifundo komanso kukulira kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi ma venol okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha , kumayamba ndi kuvulala kwa msana komanso ngati kuvulala kwamankhwala okhudzana ndi msana.Kugwa - Mkhalidwe woopsa, wowopsa womwe umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa mavuto a arterial and venous, kuletsa kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi matenda metabolic. Glucose solution imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popukutira mankhwala osiyanasiyana akaphatikizidwa mu mtsempha (wogwirizana ndi Glucose), monga gawo la parenteral (Kholo - kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mankhwala opatsirana kudzera pakatikati pa m'mimba, ndikugwiritsira ntchito pakhungu ndi mucous membrane wa thupi , mwa jekeseni wamagazi (mtsempha wamagazi, mtsempha), pansi pa khungu kapena minofu , ndi inhalation, inhalation (onani Enteric) .

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Glucose solution 40% imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (pang'onopang'ono), 20-40-50 ml pa makonzedwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, kukoka kumayendetsedwa ndi madontho 30 pamphindi, mpaka 300 ml tsiku lililonse (6 g shuga) pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngati gawo la zakudya za makolo, 40% yankho la shuga limasakanizidwa ndi shuga wa 5% kapena yankho la saline woyenera mpaka chidziwitso cha 10% chikafika ndikuyamba kulowetsedwa (Kulowetsa .

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Chifukwa chakuti glucose ndi othandizira wokwanira oxidizing, sayenera kupatsidwa syringe yomweyo ndi hexamethylenetetramine. Glucose solution siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti isakanikiridwe ndi syringe yomweyo ndi mayankho a zamchere:Opaleshoni - mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala okongoletsa amagawidwa m'deralo komanso mwazonse) ndi ma hypnotics (ntchito zawo zimachepa), mayankho a alkaloids (amawononga). Glucose imafooketsanso mphamvu ya analgesics, adrenergic agonists, inactivates streptomycin, imachepetsa mphamvu ya nystatin. Kuti mupeze shuga wambiri m'magawo a standardoglycemic, kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala ndikofunikira kuphatikiza ndi kuyika zigawo za 4-8 za insulin yocheperako (subcutaneously).

Bongo

Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, hyperglycemia, glucosuria, kuchuluka kwa osmotic kuthamanga kwa magazi (mpaka kukula kwa hyperglycemic hyperosmotic coma), kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kusakhazikika kwa electrolyte. Mwanjira imeneyi, mankhwalawa amathetsedwa ndipo insulin imayikidwa pamlingo wa 1 unit iliyonse ya 0,45-0.9 mmol wa glucose wamagazi mpaka gawo la 9 mmol / l lifike. Mafuta a m'magazi amayenera kutsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Imodzi ndi kuikidwa kwa insulin, kulowetsedwa kwa njira zowonjezera mchere kumachitika.

Zowonera Mwachidule

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Sungani pa kutentha kosaposa + 25 ° C. Alumali moyo zaka 5.

5 kapena 10 ma ampoules a 20 ml, pamatoni akulu.

Wopanga Tsegulani kampani yophatikizira "Farmak".

Malo. 04080, Ukraine, Kiev, st. Frunze, zaka 63.

Izi zimawonetsedwa mwaulere pamaziko a malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa.

) ziyenera kuperekedwa pa 7 ml kwa mphindi. Osayikanso kuponderezedwa, muyenera kulandira zosaposa 400 ml pa ola limodzi. Glucose wamkulu patsiku sayenera kupitirira 2 malita, Ngati yankho limakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 10%, ndiye kuti jakisoni amayenera kukhala 3 ml mphindi imodzi, komanso mlingo waukulu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Glucose 20% amatumizidwa pang'onopang'ono, pafupifupi 1.5-2 ml pa mphindi, tsiku lililonse mlingo ndi 500 ml. Mulimonsemo, simungathe kudzipereka nokha, chifukwa chake pitani kuchipatala kuti mukachitire kanthu.

Subcutaneous mutha kulowa nokha. Kuti muchite izi, gulani ma syringes ndi. Lowani m'malo ochepa 300-500 ml patsiku. Gwiritsani ntchito ma syringe okha a hypodermic, masingano amodzimodzi nthawi zonse amakhala onenepa kwambiri ndipo amadetsa khungu mpaka kukula.

Ikani enema ngati njira zina zonse pazifukwa zina sizikugwirizana ndi inu. Ikani malita awiri a solution patsiku (isotonic) mu anus.

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe, mavuto akhoza kupezeka mu mawonekedwe a minofu necrosis. Ndipo chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa msanga mu shuga, phlebitis imayamba. Chifukwa chake, musadziyesetse, makamaka ngati simukumvetsa chilichonse chokhudza izi. Patsani thanzi lanu madokotala.

Glucose imaphatikizidwa ndi matenda ashuga, koma nthawi zina amathandizidwa ndi insulin kokha kuchipatala.

mungabaye bwanji shuga

Zakudya zomanga thupi, kulowa mthupi, zimayang'aniridwa ndi michere ndipo zimasinthidwa kukhala glucose. Ndi gwero lofunikira lamphamvu, ndipo gawo lake m'thupi limavuta kuzidyetsa.

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani?

Kuwala kwamthupi m'thupi kumatha mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito shuga pochiza matenda amtundu wina wa chiwindi. Komanso, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapaka jakisoni m'thupi la munthu nthawi ya poizoni. Lowani ndi ndege kapena ndi dontho.

Mafuta a glucose amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudyetsa ana, ngati pazifukwa zina sakudya chakudya. Glucose amatha kuyeretsa chiwindi ndi poizoni. Imabwezeretsa ntchito yotayika ya chiwindi ndikufulumizitsa kagayidwe m'thupi.

Mothandizidwa ndi shuga, azachipatala amachotsa kuledzera kwamtundu uliwonse. Mphamvu yowonjezereka ikalowa m'thupi, zimakhala ndi ziwalo zimayamba kugwira ntchito modzipereka. Glucose imapereka kutentha kwathunthu kwa mafuta m'thupi.

Ndikofunikira kwenikweni kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu. Kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda aliwonse mwa munthu. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo la endocrine, ndipo insulin yowongolera imayendetsa.

Kodi glucose amakhala kuti?

Mutha kukumana ndi shuga wazambiri m'mipesa ndi mitundu ina ya zipatso ndi zipatso. Gluu ndi mtundu wa shuga. Mu 1802, W. Praut anapeza shuga. Bizinesiyi ikugwira ntchito yopanga shuga. Amapeza mothandizidwa ndi kukonza wowuma.

Mu zochita zachilengedwe, shuga amawonekera nthawi ya photosynthesis.Palibe chochitika chimodzi mthupi chomwe chimachitika popanda kutenga shuga. Kwa maselo aubongo, shuga ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zakudya.

Madokotala amatha kupatsa shuga shuga pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, shuga amayamba kudyedwa ndi hypoglycemia - kusowa kwa glucose m'thupi. Zakudya zopanda vuto nthawi zina zimatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa glucose mthupi. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akamakonda zakudya zama protein - ndipo thupi limasowa chakudya (zipatso, phala).

Pa nthawi ya poizoni, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa ntchito ya chiwindi. Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kumathandizanso pano. Ndi matenda a chiwindi, shuga amatha kubwezeretsa kayendedwe ka maselo ake.

Ndi kusanza kapena magazi, munthu amatha kutaya madzi ambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito shuga, mulingo wake umabwezeretseka.

Ndi nkhawa kapena kugwa - kuchepa kwambiri kwa magazi - dokotala atha kukuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Glucose imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa zakudya za makolo, ngati pazifukwa zina munthu sangadye zakudya wamba. Nthawi zina yankho la glucose limawonjezeredwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kusunga mankhwala osakanikirana ndi magazi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti asunge ntchito zofunika kwambiri.

Makamaka, shuga ena ambiri ayenera kukhala m'magazi, zomwe ndizofunikira pakudya kwa maselo. Ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, matenda a shuga komanso zinthu zina, kulowetsedwa kwina kwa shuga kungafunike.

Chidziwitso Chofunikira cha Mankhwala

Glucose ndi chakudya chophweka chomwe ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mthupi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi kagayidwe kazinthu zonse m'maselo a thupi, motero munthu amafunika shuga wambiri ndi chakudya.

Glucose yemwe amalowa m'magazi amayenera kulowa m'maselo kuti asungidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Thupi limafunikiranso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga munthawi zina pamene magawo azakudya samachokera kunja.

Nthawi zina, pofuna kukwaniritsa mphamvu zama cell, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo.
Mitundu yayikulu ya malamulo:

Insulin ndi mahomoni a endocrine pancreas omwe amalowa m'magazi atadya. Kugwirizana kwa chinthuchi ndi ma cell receptor kumatsimikizira kuti magazi amachokera komanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Glucagon ndi maholide apachifinya omwe amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi cha glycogen. Kuchita kwanyengo yamankhwala amtunduwu kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndende yamagazi, komwe kungakhale kofunikira pakusala kudya.
Gluconeogenesis ndikutembenuka kwa zinthu zosagwiritsa ntchito chakudya m'magazi a chiwindi.

Ndondomekozi zimapereka pafupipafupi mphamvu za 3.3-5,5 mmol ya glucose mu lita imodzi ya magazi. Izi ndizokwanira kutsimikizira mphamvu za maselo onse amthupi.

Zizindikiro ndi contraindication

5% kulowetsedwa kwa shuga

Cholinga cha njira zamagulu a shuga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamatenda. Mankhwala mwachizolowezi amafunika kulipirira kuthamanga kwa shuga kapena madzi ndi mulingo wokwanira wama elekitiroma.

Kuthetsa mphamvu kwamadzi okwanira ndi mchere wambiri kungawonedwe motsutsana ndi maziko azikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

Thupi - mawonekedwe oteteza thupi, owonetsedwa ndi chilengedwe chamkati. Nthawi zambiri, malungo amayamba ndi matenda opatsirana komanso otupa.
Hyperthyroidism ndi vuto la mahomoni lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'thupi. Vutoli limatsatiridwa ndimatenda a metabolic.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osowa omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa pituitary kapena hypothalamus.
Kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi.

Yankho la glucose go dextrose limagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda:

Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi motsutsana ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kusowa kwa insulin. Vutoli limatha kuyambitsa kukomoka komanso ngakhale kufa.
Potaziyamu owonjezera m'magazi.
Matenda am'mimba, pomwe shuga osakwanira amalowa m'magazi.
Kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito zamtima.
Hypovolemic mantha.
Kumwa pakamwa poyizoni kapena kumwa mankhwala ena ake.
Kutengera chizindikirocho, shuga akhoza kutchulidwa mu njira ya mayankho osiyanasiyana kapangidwe ndi ndende.

Kulephera kwakukulu kwaimpso.
Hyperglycemia motsutsana maziko a shuga.
Kukhalapo kwa edema.
Pancreatic dysfunction pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi zigawo za yankho.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mayankho a shuga, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kuchita kwa glucose

1 g ya glucose ikawotchedwa, ma calories a 4.1 amatulutsidwa, omwe amamwetsedwa ndikusunthidwa ndi ma macroergic phosphate okhala ndi mankhwala (a creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate). Mbali yofunikira ya glucose ndi mphamvu yake yochokera pansi pamadzi. Kupanga kwa antitoxic zochita za glucose sikumveka bwino, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti zimaphatikizidwanso ndi kusamutsidwa kwa mphamvu ndi ma macroergic mankhwala ndi kuphatikiza kwa poyizoni wazotsatira. Kuwonjezeka kwa phosphorous amaphatikizika ndi minofu yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kumabweretsa kuthekera kwa chiwonetsero chazinthu zamagulu, kutsika kwa Reflex kukondoweza kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Ndi makonzedwe amkati, njira zama glucose zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala ena ndi ayoni.

Glucose ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala oteteza magazi. Yankho la shuga 5% ndi isotonic ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira kulowetsedwa kosakaniza ndi kapena kwa saline. Njira yothetsera shuga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu imachita mbali ziwiri: mbali imodzi, imapereka mphamvu ku minofu ndikuchita zosagwirizana ndi zina, imawonjezera diuresis ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya pions ya potaziyamu kuchokera mthupi kudzera mu impso, ndikupangitsa kusalinganika kwa electrolyte.

Mukafuna kuthira mankhwala ochulukirapo a 5%, ngati izi sizingafanane ndi kuchepa kwa ma elekitirodi, njira yothiridwa ndi mankhwalawa imakhala yoopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga amadziperekedwa ndi thupi kokha mothandizidwa ndi insulin. Kupanda kutero, kuyambitsa glucose kumangowonjezera hyperglycemia, glucosuria, popanda kupereka phindu pamaphunziro a mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kupaka milingo yaying'ono ya insulin limodzi ndi glucose (1 unit pa 5 g ya jekeseni wamafuta). Hypertonic mayankho a 30-40% glucose, kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe a glucose, amakhala ndi mayankho amtundu uliwonse wa hypertonic: kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa osmotic, kuwonjezeka kwa kutuluka kwamatenda am'magazi kulowa m'magazi, kuwonjezeka kwa Reflex kamvekedwe ka minofu yosalala. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa shuga 40% yokhala ndi Mlingo wochepa wa insulin kumapereka zotsatira zabwino zochizira kulephera kwa mtima, ndikuchita opaleshoni komanso postoperative. Nthawi zambiri shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a mtima (strophanthin, korglikon), ascorbic acid, ndi mavitamini ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito adrenaline kumayambitsa kutulutsa glucose wamkati m'magazi: makonzedwe a mahomoni a steroid amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zomwezo.

Zakonzedwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi: dokotala wa opaleshoni

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito

Glucose wokhala ndi ascorbic acid amapatsidwa mankhwala a toxicosis pa nthawi yapakati.

Kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha wamagalamu ndi njira zina kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma dontho. Pang'onopang'ono makonzedwe amachepetsa chiopsezo chosagwirizana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi.

Nthawi zambiri, mitsempha ya m'mawondo kapena kumbuyo kwa dzanja imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka yankho. Pofuna kukonzekera mosalekeza, ma catheters amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu ya mayankho ndende:

Isotonic solution (5% glucose). Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti azisungika kapangidwe ka magazi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu kagayidwe.
Hypertonic solution (

40% shuga). Chida choterocho ndikofunikira kukonza chiwindi ndikuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa wodwala wokhala ndi matenda.

Mitundu ya mayankho ndi zida:

Glucose ndi isotonic sodium chloride solution (0.9%) - njira yothetsera kukhetsa magazi, magazi, kutentha thupi ndi kuledzera. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa yankho lotere kumachirikiza chakudya ndi kusokonekera kwa electrolyte kwa plasma.
Mafuta ndi mavitamini. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka ascorbic acid m'mitsempha ya shuga. Mankhwala oterewa amathandizira matenda a chiwindi, kuchepa magazi, kuchepa magazi, kuledzera ndi zina zam'magawo.

Ngati madokotala sanawululire vuto lililonse logaya chakudya, ndipo wodwalayo amatha kudya yekha, vuto la glucose likhoza kulipidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Potere, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kusintha kwa ndende yamagazi.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Amatenga nawo mbali zosiyanasiyana za metabolic mthupi. Kulowetsedwa kwa dextrose njira pang'ono kulipirira kuchepa kwa madzi. Dextrose, kulowa mu minofu, phosphorylates, kusandulika glucose-6-phosphate, womwe umagwira nawo mbali zambiri zamatenda a thupi. 5% dextrose yankho ndi isotonic ndi magazi.

Pharmacokinetics

Imamizidwa kwathunthu ndi thupi, siyimapukutidwa ndi impso (mawonekedwe a mkodzo ndi chizindikiro cha pathological).

- Kuperewera kwa chakudya chamafuta,

- Kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwamadzi,

- ndi ma cellular, extracellular and general fluid,

- monga gawo lamagazi olowa m'malo mwa magazi ndi anti-shock,

- kukonza mankhwala a iv.

Contraindication

- zovuta zaoperative za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dextrose,

- zovuta zamagazi zomwe zimawopseza pulmonary edema,

- ubongo edema,

- Kulephera kwapanja kwamanzere,

Ndi chenjezo: decompensated aakulu kulephera, aimpso kulephera, hyponatremia, matenda ashuga.

Ine / mu Drip. Mlingo wa yankho lomwe waperekedwa umadalira msinkhu, kulemera kwa thupi komanso mkhalidwe wa odwala. Mu / mu ndege ya 10-50 ml. Ndi drip ya iv, mlingo woyenera wa Za akulu - kuchokera 500 mpaka 3000 ml / tsiku. Mlingo woyenera wa anakulemera kwa thupi kuchokera 0 mpaka 10 kg - 100 ml / kg / tsiku, kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 20 kg - 1000 ml + 50 ml pa kg pa 10 kg / tsiku, kuchuluka kwa thupi kuposa 20 kg - 1500 ml + 20 ml pa kilogalamu woposa 20 kg / tsiku. Mulingo wa makonzedwe ukufika mpaka 5 ml / kg thupi / h, womwe umafanana ndi 0,25 g wa dextrose / kg thupi / h. Mtengo uwu ndi wofanana ndi 1.7 madontho / kg makilogalamu a thupi / min.

Malangizo apadera

Njira ya dextrose singagwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana ndi magazi osungidwa ndi sodium citrate.

Kulowetsedwa kwa voliyumu yayikulu ndi kowopsa kwa odwala omwe ataya kwambiri ma elekitirodi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa electrolyte.

Kuti muwonjezere osmolarity, njira ya 5% dextrose imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi yankho la 0.9%. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuti mumvetse bwino za dextrose wokwanira kwathunthu, mutha kulowa s / c 4-5 IU ya insulin yocheperako, kutengera 1 IU ya insulin yocheperako pa 4-5 g ya dextrose.

Kukopa pa kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi kayendedwe kazinthu

Sizikhudza kuthekera koyendetsa magalimoto.

M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana malangizo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyambira glucose wa kulowetsedwa. Awa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Imakhala ndi hydrating and detoxifying effect. Kulowetsedwa ndi mtsempha wa magazi makonzedwe.

Kutulutsa Fomu

Mankhwalawa ali ngati njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa 5%.

Imayimiriridwa ndi madzi opanda mandala owonekera a 1000, 500, 250 ndi 100 ml mumbale zamapulasitiki, 60 kapena 50 ma PC.(100 ml), ma 36 ndi ma 30 ma PC. (250 ml), 24 ndi 20 ma PC. (500 ml), 12 ndi 10 ma PC. (1000 ml) m'matumba otetezedwa osiyana, omwe amaikidwa m'mabokosi amakatoni ndi nambala yoyenera ya malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.

10% yankho la glucose ndi khungu lopanda utoto, lamadzimadzi 20 kapena 24 ma PC. m'matumba oteteza, 500 ml iliyonse m'mbale zamapulasitiki, zonyamula makatoni.

Gawo lothandizira la mankhwalawa ndi dextrose monohydrate, chinthu china ndi madzi omwe angathe kubayidwa.

Mlingo ndi njira yoyendetsera

Njira ya glucose ya kulowetsedwa imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Kuzindikira ndi kumwa kwa mankhwalawa kumatsimikizika kutengera mkhalidwe, zaka ndi kulemera kwa wodwalayo. Ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa dextrose m'magazi. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa ndi zotumphukira kapena pakati penipeni poganizira osmolarity wa yankho. Kupanga kwa 5% hyperosmolar glucose solution kungayambitse kupweteka kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha. Ngati ndi kotheka, panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mayankho onse a makolo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera pamzere wapa njira za kulowetsedwa.

mu mawonekedwe a gwero lama carbohydrate ndi madzi akunja a isotopic kuchepa kwa thupi: ndi kulemera kwa thupi makilogalamu 70 - kuchokera 500 mpaka 3000 ml patsiku,
wowonjezera kukonzekera kwa makolo (mu mawonekedwe a yankho) - kuchokera 100 mpaka 250 ml pa mlingo umodzi wa mankhwalawo.

ndi extracellular isotopic kuchepa kwa madzi komanso monga gwero lamoto: ndi kulemera kwa 10 makilogalamu - 110 ml / kg, 10-20 kg - 1000 ml + 50 ml pa kg, woposa 20 kg - 1600 ml + 20 ml pa kilogalamu,
kwa dilution ya mankhwala (stock solution): 50-100 ml pa mlingo wa mankhwalawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, yankho la 10% la mankhwalawa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso pofuna kupewa hypoglycemia komanso munthawi ya kukonzanso madzi m'thupi ndi madzi. Mlingo wambiri watsiku ndi tsiku umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha, poganizira zaka ndi kulemera kwa thupi. Mlingo wa makonzedwe a mankhwalawa amasankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe akuwonetsa kuchipatala komanso momwe wodwalayo aliri. Popewa hyperglycemia, sikulimbikitsidwa kupitilira muyeso wa dextrose, chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa a mankhwalawa sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa 5 mg / kg / miniti.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pobwera ndi izi:

Zofanana zoyipa zimatheka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi ziwengo kwa chimanga. Amathanso kuoneka ngati ali ndi zizindikiro zamtundu wina, monga hypotension, cyanosis, bronchospasm, pruritus, angioedema.

Ndi chitukuko cha zizindikiro kapena chizindikiro cha hypersensitivity reaction, makonzedwe amayenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mankhwalawa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto losagwirizana ndi chimanga ndi zopangidwa zake. Poganizira zamankhwala zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo, mawonekedwe a kagayidwe kazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito), liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa, kulowetsedwa kwa intravenous kungayambitse kukula kwa kusalinganika kwa elekitiroma (hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperhydrate ndi kuperewera kwa thupi, kuphatikiza zizindikiro za hyperemia pulmonary edema), hyperosmolarity, hypoosmolarity, osmotic diuresis ndi kusowa kwamadzi. Hypoosmotic hyponatremia imatha kupweteka mutu, nseru, kufooka, kukokana, matenda ammimba, chikomokere ndi imfa. Ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za hyponatremic encephalopathy, chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira ndikofunikira.

Chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha hypoosmotic hyponatremia chimawonedwa mwa ana, okalamba, azimayi, odwala a postoperative ndi anthu omwe ali ndi psychogenic polydipsia. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi encephalopathy ndichipatala pang'onopang'ono mwa ana osaposa zaka 16, azimayi omwe ali ndi premenopausal, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amkati mwamitsempha komanso odwala ndi hypoxemia. Ndikofunika kuchita pafupipafupi kuyezetsa labotale kuwunika kusintha kwamadzimadzi, kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi panthawi yayitali yaubwino wa odwala komanso kuwunika kwa Mlingo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Samalani kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa

Mosamala kwambiri, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha electrolyte ndi kusowa kwa madzi, komwe kumakulitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi aulere, kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito insulin kapena hyperglycemia.Mavoliyumu akuluakulu amathandizidwa ndikuwongolera odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, mapapo kapena zina, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mlingo waukulu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, tengani kukonzekera kwa potaziyamu.

Mosamala, kuyendetsa njira ya glucose kumachitika mwa odwala omwe ali ndi kutopa kwambiri, kuvulala pamutu, kuchepa kwa thiamine, kulolera pang'ono kwa dextrose, electrolyte ndi kusowa kwa madzi, kupweteka kwa pachimake kwa ischemic komanso kwa akhanda. Odwala omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwambiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa syndromes yatsopano, yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yayikulu ya magnesium, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anabolism. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa thiamine komanso kusungidwa kwamadzi kumatha. Popewa kukula kwa zovuta zotere, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuwunikira mosamala ndikukula kwambiri kwa michere, kupewa kudya kwambiri.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kukonzekera kwina kukawonjezeredwa ku yankho, ndikofunikira kuwunikira kuyenderana.

Malangizo apadera

Njira ya dextrose singagwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana ndi magazi osungidwa ndi sodium citrate.

Kulowetsedwa kwa voliyumu yayikulu ndi kowopsa kwa odwala omwe ataya kwambiri ma elekitirodi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa electrolyte.

Kuti muwonjezere osmolarity, njira ya 5% dextrose imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi yankho la 0.9%. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuti mumvetse bwino za dextrose wokwanira kwathunthu, mutha kulowa s / c 4-5 IU ya insulin yocheperako, kutengera 1 IU ya insulin yocheperako pa 4-5 g ya dextrose.

Kukopa pa kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi kayendedwe kazinthu

Sizikhudza kuthekera koyendetsa magalimoto.

Kutulutsa Fomu

Mankhwalawa ali ngati njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa 5%.

Imayimiriridwa ndi madzi opanda mandala owonekera a 1000, 500, 250 ndi 100 ml mumbale zamapulasitiki, 60 kapena 50 ma PC. (100 ml), ma 36 ndi ma 30 ma PC. (250 ml), 24 ndi 20 ma PC. (500 ml), 12 ndi 10 ma PC. (1000 ml) m'matumba otetezedwa osiyana, omwe amaikidwa m'mabokosi amakatoni ndi nambala yoyenera ya malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.

10% yankho la glucose ndi khungu lopanda utoto, lamadzimadzi 20 kapena 24 ma PC. m'matumba oteteza, 500 ml iliyonse m'mbale zamapulasitiki, zonyamula makatoni.

Gawo lothandizira la mankhwalawa ndi dextrose monohydrate, chinthu china ndi madzi omwe angathe kubayidwa.

Zisonyezero zakudikirira

Kodi malonda ake amapangira chiyani? Njira ya glucose ya kulowetsedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Contraindication

Mndandanda wa contraindication wogwiritsa ntchito shuga yothetsera kulowetsedwa umaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

hyperlactatemia,
Hypersensitivity a yogwira mankhwala,
hyperglycemia
Kulekerera kwa Dextrose
chikhalidwe cha hyperosmolar chikomokere.

Zonsezi zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu malangizo.

Kwa shuga 5% pali contraindication ina. Mulinso mtundu wa shuga mellitus wosapangidwira.

Kuphatikiza apo, pa 10% shuga yankho:

Ma infusions a dextrose yothetsera izi zozikika amadziwikiratu patangotha tsiku limodzi pambuyo povulala mutu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za contraindication kwa mankhwala omwe amawonjezeredwa pazothetsera izi.

Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yapakati komanso nthawi yoyamwitsa molingana ndi mawonekedwe.

Mlingo ndi njira yoyendetsera

Njira ya glucose ya kulowetsedwa imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha.Kuzindikira ndi kumwa kwa mankhwalawa kumatsimikizika kutengera mkhalidwe, zaka ndi kulemera kwa wodwalayo. Ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa dextrose m'magazi. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa ndi zotumphukira kapena pakati penipeni poganizira osmolarity wa yankho. Kupanga kwa 5% hyperosmolar glucose solution kungayambitse kupweteka kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha. Ngati ndi kotheka, panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mayankho onse a makolo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera pamzere wapa njira za kulowetsedwa.

mu mawonekedwe a gwero lama carbohydrate ndi madzi akunja a isotopic kuchepa kwa thupi: ndi kulemera kwa thupi makilogalamu 70 - kuchokera 500 mpaka 3000 ml patsiku,
wowonjezera kukonzekera kwa makolo (mu mawonekedwe a yankho) - kuchokera 100 mpaka 250 ml pa mlingo umodzi wa mankhwalawo.

ndi extracellular isotopic kuchepa kwa madzi komanso monga gwero lamoto: ndi kulemera kwa 10 makilogalamu - 110 ml / kg, 10-20 kg - 1000 ml + 50 ml pa kg, woposa 20 kg - 1600 ml + 20 ml pa kilogalamu,
kwa dilution ya mankhwala (stock solution): 50-100 ml pa mlingo wa mankhwalawo.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pobwera ndi izi:

Zofanana zoyipa zimatheka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi ziwengo kwa chimanga. Amathanso kuoneka ngati ali ndi zizindikiro zamtundu wina, monga hypotension, cyanosis, bronchospasm, pruritus, angioedema.

Samalani kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa

Mosamala kwambiri, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha electrolyte ndi kusowa kwa madzi, komwe kumakulitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi aulere, kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito insulin kapena hyperglycemia. Mavoliyumu akuluakulu amathandizidwa ndikuwongolera odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, mapapo kapena zina, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mlingo waukulu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, tengani kukonzekera kwa potaziyamu.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kugwiritsira ntchito mosiyanasiyana kwa ma steroid ndi catecholamines kumachepetsa kutulutsa kwa shuga. Sizitengera pakamwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso kuwoneka kwa glycemic zotsatira mukagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudza ndipo ali ndi katundu wa hypoglycemic.

Mtengo wa shuga wa kulowetsedwa

Mtengo wa mankhwala a pharmacological pafupifupi ma ruble 11. Zimatengera dera komanso maukonde opangira mankhwala.

Nkhaniyi idafotokozera za njira yothetsera shuga ya kulowetsedwa.

Wopanga: JSC Farmak Ukraine

Code PBX: B05BA03

Fomu yotulutsira: Mafuta a kipimo. Yankho la jakisoni.

Zomwe Mungagwiritse Ntchito:

Gwiritsani ntchito pa nthawi yoyembekezera

Kulowetsedwa kwa glucose mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi Normoglycemia kungayambitse mwana wosabadwayo yemwe amayambitsa. Izi ndizofunikira kuziganizira, makamaka ngati mavuto obwera chifukwa cha fetal kapena chifukwa cha zina zadzidzidzi.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana pokhapokha akuwunikira komanso moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsogozedwa ndi shuga komanso magazi pamagetsi a electrolyte.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kupereka yankho la glucose munthawi yovuta kwambiri, ndikusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa kufalikira kwa ubongo, chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga mawonekedwe a ubongo ndikuwonjezera njira ya matendawa (kupatula podzikongoletsa).

mavuto a endocrine dongosolo ndi kagayidwe: hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, acidosis,

matenda a kwamikodzo:, glucosuria,

zam'mimba thirakiti: ,,

zimachitika mthupi: hypervolemia, thupi lawo siligwirizana (malungo, zotupa pakhungu, angioedema, mantha).

Pakachitika vuto, makonzedwe a njira yothetsedwayo ayenera kusiyidwa, mawonekedwe a wodwalayo, ndikuthandizidwa.

Malo opumulira:

10 ml kapena 20 ml pa wokwanira. 5 kapena 10 ma ampoules okwanira. Mbale wokwanira 5, kapena matuza awiri mumpaketi.

Dextrose amagwira nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi. Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa minofu ndi ziwalo kumachitika: kutulutsa kwa redox ndikuwunika kwake kumakhala kogwira ntchito kwambiri, komanso ntchito za chiwindi zimayamba kuyenda bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lamadzi amtundu wamadzi kumapanga kusowa kwa madzi, ndikupanga kutayika kwamadzi.

Mukalandira mankhwala "Glucose solution" m'matumbo, pang'onopang'ono phosphorylation imachitika. Pulogalamuyo imasinthidwa kukhala glucose-6-phosphate. Zotsirizazi zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji m'magawo ambiri a kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi la munthu. Isotonic dextrose solution imathandizira kupititsa patsogolo njira zama metabolic, imapereka zotsatira zowonjezera, pomwe glucose imapereka thupi ndi michere yambiri, kubwezeretsa mphamvu m'thupi.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mankhwala "Glucose solution", omwe amawonetsedwa mu urogenital system, ali ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa:

Kutsika kwamwadzidzidzi kwa shuga (hypoglycemia),

Matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chathupi komanso kukhumudwitsa kagayidwe.

Kutaya magazi ambiri (angapo komanso atatuluka magazi kwambiri,

Mkhalidwe wakugwa (kusintha (dontho) m'magazi).

Kuphatikiza apo, chida "Glucose solution" chimayikidwa kuti chilingalire moyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikupanga kuchepa kwamadzi.

Contraindication kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi:

Kusintha kwa ntchito pambuyo pa glucose,

Poyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi zamankhwala mosamala kwambiri, mankhwalawa amapatsidwa matenda monga kulephera kwamtima, anuria, oliguria, hyponatremia.

Mankhwala "glucose solution": malangizo ndi ntchito

Mankhwala ali ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Njira ya "Glucose solution" 5% iyenera kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma dontho, othamanga kwambiri omwe amafikira madontho 150 / min. Mlingo wokulirapo wa zinthu patsiku la akulu uzikhala 2000 ml. Kuti mupeze yankho la 10%, dontho limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mpaka 60 kapu / mphindi yofanana ndi mlingo wa mankhwala tsiku lililonse. 40 solution ya glucose imalowetsedwa m'thupi mwachangu mpaka 30 madontho / mphindi (kapena 1.5 ml / kg / h).

Mlingo waukulu kwambiri wa akulu patsiku ndi 250 ml. Mlingo amasankhidwa ndi madokotala kutengera mtundu womwe wapezeka wa metabolism. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa 250-450 g / tsiku kwa mtundu wanthawi zonse wa metabolism ungathe kuchepetsedwa mpaka 200-300 g kwa anthu omwe ali ndi metabolism yochepetsedwa.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito shuga muzochita zamankhwala ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwake, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amalowetsedwa m'thupi - 100-165 ml / kg / tsiku kwa ana omwe misa yawo siyidutsa 10 g komanso 45-100 ml / kg / tsiku kwa ana olemera. mpaka 40 kg.

Potengera komwe kudwala matenda ashuga sikwabwino. Chithandizo chimachitika motsogozedwa ndi zinthu za m'mwazi ndi mkodzo.

Mankhwala "glucose solution": mavuto

Pa malo opangira jekeseni wa glucose, thrombophlebitis imayamba. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizira kuphwanya thupi, hyperglycemia, hypervolemia, pachimake.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa s / c 4-5 IU kwa insulin kudzapereka chithunzithunzi champhamvu cha shuga ndi thupi. Insulin iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera gawo limodzi pa 5 g ya dextrose. Chidacho chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena. popanda kuikidwa ndi katswiri, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa pochiza wodwala.

Timayankha funso: komabe, chifukwa chiyani timafunikira glucose? Kodi amagwira ntchito ziti pothandizira? Ubwino wake, zopweteka zake, ndipo zimapezeka m'mikhalidwe yotani? Nditha liti kumwa mapiritsi, ma ufa, ma dontho a shuga?

Chizindikiro cha pawiri, zopindulitsa ndi zovulaza katundu

Glucose sichinthu chopanga mankhwala munthawi ya zinthu zamankhwala (tebulo la Mendeleev), komabe, wophunzira aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro lalikulonse pankhaniyi, chifukwa thupi lamunthu limafunikiradi. Kuchokera munthawi ya organic chemistry amadziwika kuti chinthu chimakhala ndi ma atomu asanu ndi limodzi a carbon, olumikizidwa ndi gawo la zolumikizana zolumikizana. Kuphatikiza pa kaboni, ilinso ndi ma atomu a hydrogen ndi oxygen. Njira zamomwe amapangira ndi C 6 H 12 O 6.

Glucose m'thupi imakhala ndi minyewa yonse, ziwalo zokhala ndi zosowa zina. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shuga umakhala wofunikira ngati ulipo pazofalitsa zachilengedwe? Choyamba, mowa wa atomu 6wu ndi gawo lapansi lamphamvu kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Ikakumba, glucose yomwe imagwira nawo michere ya enzymatic imatulutsa mphamvu zambiri - mamolekyulu 10 a adenosine triphosphate (gwero lalikulu lamphamvu yosungirako) kuchokera ku molekyulu imodzi ya chakudya. Ndiye kuti, gulu ili ndipamene limapanga mphamvu zazikulu mthupi lathu. Koma sizokwanira kuti glucose akhaleko.

Ndi 6 H 12 Pafupifupi 6 amapita kumanga nyumba zambiri zam'manja. Chifukwa chake, shuga m'thupi amapanga zida za receptor (glycoproteins).Kuphatikiza apo, shuga m'magulu ake ochulukirapo amasonkhana mu mawonekedwe a glycogen m'chiwindi ndipo amadyedwa ngati pakufunika. Pulogalamuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pothana ndi poizoni. Imangirira mankhwala oopsa, imachepetsa kukhazikika kwawo m'magazi ndi zinthu zina, ndikuthandizira kuti ichotse (kuchotsa) mthupi posachedwa, makamaka kukhala detoxifier yamphamvu.

Koma chakudya ichi sichili ndi phindu lokha, komanso chovulaza, chomwe chimapereka chidziwitso kuti chisawone zomwe zili mu media media - m'mwazi, mkodzo. Kupatula apo, shuga m'thupi, ngati kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kokwanira, kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha glucose chikhale. Gawo lotsatira ndi matenda ashuga. Poizoni wa glucose amawonekera chifukwa chakuti mapuloteni omwe amapanga minofu yathu yaumunthu amalowa m'machitidwe azomwe zimachitika ndi phula. Komabe, ntchito yawo imatayika. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi ndi hemoglobin. Mu shuga mellitus, ena amayamba kukhala glycated, motero, gawo ili la hemoglobin siligwira ntchito yake moyenera. Yemweyo kwa maso - glycosylation ya mapuloteni mawonekedwe a maso amatsogolera ku ma cataracts ndi retinal dystrophy. Mapeto ake, njirazi zimatha kubweretsa khungu.

Zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvuyi

Chakudya chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Si chinsinsi kuti mcherewu umakoma kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, maswiti (aliwonse), shuga (makamaka oyera), uchi wamtundu uliwonse, pasitala wopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ya tirigu yofewa, zinthu zambiri zotsekemera zomwe zimakhala ndi zonona zambiri ndi shuga ndizakudya zokhala ndi glucose komwe glucose imakhala yambiri.

Ponena za zipatso, zipatso, pali malingaliro olakwika akuti zinthu izi ndizopeza mu pofotokozedwa ndi ife. Ndizomveka, pafupifupi zipatso zonse ndizokoma kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti zomwe zili ndi glucose zimapezekanso. Koma kutsekemera kwa zipatsozi kumadzetsa chakudya china - fructose, chomwe chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zochuluka kwambiri sikuopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Zinthu zomwe zili ndi shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Simuyenera kuchita mantha kuti mupewe kugwiritsa ntchito. Kupatula apo, ngakhale wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudya kuchuluka kwa michere iyi (kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lililonse ndi munthu aliyense ndipo zimatengera kulemera kwa thupi, pafupifupi - 182 g patsiku). Ndikokwanira kulipira chidwi ndi glycemic index ndi glycemic katundu.

Ma grice grice (makamaka oyera mpunga wozungulira-mpunga), chimanga, barele, ngale zochokera ku ufa wa tirigu (kuchokera ku mitundu ya tirigu yofewa) ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wokwanira. Amakhala ndi index ya glycemic pakati pa sing'anga mpaka kukwera (kuyambira 55 mpaka 100). Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zakudya zokhala ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ochepa.

Kumwa mapiritsi a shuga: ndizotheka kapena ayi?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka ndimatenda amitundu yonse ya metabolism, koma nthawi zambiri amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya kamatumbo, kamene kamayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mkodzo (hyperglycemia, glucosuria). Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda ashuga, pali kale pambiri iyi, ndipo zochulukirapo zake zimayambitsa vuto la glucose, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Mu matenda a shuga, glucose owonjezera amasintha lipids, cholesterol, ndikuwonjezera kachigawo kake "koyipa" (pali "cholesterol" choyipa china, izi ndizowopsa pakukula kwa atherosulinosis). Ndizowopsa komanso zovuta m'maso.

Zolemba! Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti shuga imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapiritsi, ufa kapena mawonekedwe a dontho la shuga pokhapokha pokhapokha (pali zisonyezo zina). Ndiwotsimikizika kuti mutenge nokha!

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga mu shuga kumakhala koyenera pokhazikitsidwa ndi hypoglycemia - mkhalidwe pamene mulingo wake ukutsika m'magazi wotsika kuposa 2.0 mmol / L. Matendawa ndi owopsa pakhungu. Ili ndi zizindikiro zake zamankhwala:

Thukuta lakuzizira
Kugwedezeka thupi langa lonse
Pakamwa pakamwa
Kulakalaka kwambiri kudya,
Zochita zamkati pamtima, zolimba ngati ulusi,
Kuthamanga kwa magazi

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga pansi pazinthu izi kumatha kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi zambiri (maswiti okoma, mkate, uchi). Ngati matendawo apita patali kwambiri ndipo vuto la hypoglycemic limayamba, kenako chikomokere, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo amayenera kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha yama 40%. Ndi malingaliro ozindikira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'mapiritsi (pansi pa lilime ndikofunikira).

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'mapiritsi ndi ufa

Glucose pamapiritsi amapezeka kawiri kawiri pamankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka ngati akhala ndi mankhwala a isulin kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zambiri ndi hypoglycemia. Za momwe mapiritsi a glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa izi akufotokozedwa kale.

Mapiritsi a "Glucose" angathandize kuchiza matenda otsatirawa:

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (cachexia), makamaka kuperewera kwa chakudya
Chakudya cha toxicoinawon ndi zina zomwe zimachitika ndikusanza kwambiri, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, mpaka exicosis mwa ana,
Poizoni ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingawononge chiwindi.

Glucose wochizira poyizoni ndi zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutaya kwamadzi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kulemera kwa munthu (izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa ana). Kuphatikiza apo, m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mumakonda kulimbana ndi poyizoni. Glucose yomwe ili ndi detoxifying yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino munthawi zonsezi.

Mapiritsi a glucose ali ndi 0,5 g yogwira ntchito, pomwe paketi 1 ya ufa imakhala ndi 1. Kukonzekera kwa ufa kumakhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito muubwana, popeza shuga m'magome ndi ovuta kumeza.

Mlingo wa glucose wa mankhwalawa ndi 0,5 g wa hypoglycemia (mlingo waukulu - mpaka 2.0 g), poizoni - mapiritsi awiri pa 1 lita yankho. Ngati mukumwa poyizoni ndi mankhwala a hepatotropic, mapiritsi 2 ayenera kumwedwa maola atatu aliwonse.

Nkhani Zina:

Nthawi zambiri tamva za matenda ashuga. Matendawa amayambitsa impso.
Odwala omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, chifukwa cha matenda awo, satero.
Kudziyang'anira pawekha ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwunika shuga.
Mankhwala a insulin amakhalabe njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira ndikukhalabe ndi vuto lokwanira la glycemic, makamaka kwa odwala kuchipatala.
Kuchita opaleshoni panthawi ya opareshoni ya shuga kumayambitsa kusintha kwa kagayidwe kamene kamawononga kayendedwe.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amasokoneza maopareshoni osiyanasiyana ndipo amafunikira mayeso owonjezera ndipo.

Dropper ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yochizira matenda ambiri. Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwala oterowo kumapitilira njira zina zamankhwala nthawi zambiri . Koma kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungochiritsa. Kuchepetsa mphamvu za thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo m'thupi, vitamini. Amapangidwa ndi cholinga chotsuka ziwalo zamkati, komanso kusunga kukongola ndi unyamata.

Kodi ogwiritsa ntchito akuwala?

Zina zomwe ndingagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati palibe contraindication, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito dontho ndikoyenera. Kufotokozera kwa mankhwalawa kumakuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse komwe akhoza kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito shuga.

Isotonic kuchepa thupi (kuchepa madzi m'thupi),
Zizolowezi zotupa m'matumbo a ubwana (hemorrhagic diathesis),
Kuwongolera kwa kusokonezeka kwa ma-electrolyte mu coma (hypoglycemic) monga gawo la zovuta mankhwala kapena ngati njira yayikulu yothandizira pakadali pano chisamaliro.
Poizoni wa genesis iliyonse.

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe glucose amatengera, muyenera kudziwa momwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zikuwonetsa komanso kuphwanya. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito apereka mayankho ku mafunso awa.Dontho la glucose limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kapena zina zomwe zimayambitsa chiwindi chachikulu. Kodi chifukwa chani shuga agwera pamenepa? Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Zimabwezeranso mphamvu zam'madzi, chifukwa chiwindi chomwe chimagwira ndi matendawa sichitha nawo ntchito imeneyi.

Mafuta amtundu wa glucose amakhala ndi 5 kapena 10 ml ya mawonekedwe osungunuka. Mitsempha ya intravenous imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito Mbale zomwe zili ndi chinthu ichi.

Zolemba! Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kusungidwa kwa ma ampoules ndi mbale wa glucose kuyenera kuchitika mozizira, makamaka popanda ana.

Pamodzi ndi nkhaniyi adawerenga:

Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga m'magazi 14: zotheka zimayambitsa, ...

Katundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kodi glucose 5% amagwira ntchito bwanji? Malangizowo akuti chida ichi chimatenga gawo la kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, ndikuthandizanso kuchira komanso makutidwe a oxidation, kumathandizanso ntchito ya chiwindi komanso imachulukitsa zochita za mtima.

Palibe amene angalephere kunena kuti kulowetsedwa kwa yankho loterolo kumalipirira pang'ono kuchepa kwa H2O. Kulowetsa minyewa yathupi, dextrose imapangidwa phosphorylated ndikusinthidwa kukhala glucose-six-phosphate, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi ma metabolic akuluakulu a thupi.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kugwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wa glucose wolimbikitsidwa, monga lamulo, sizimayambitsa mavuto. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwa thupi, hyperglycemia (kukweza magazi m'magazi), kuperewera kwamanzere kwamitsempha, hypervolemia (kuchuluka kwa magazi), komanso kuchuluka kwamikodzo. Zomwe zimachitika mderalo pogwiritsira ntchito shuga zimatha kukhala ngati thrombophlebitis, kuphulika, chitukuko cha matenda, ululu wam'deralo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito glucose 5% monga zosungunulira zina za mankhwalawa, kuwonetsa kwa zovuta zake kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwalawa.

Vitamini Droppers

Ndikosatheka kukwaniritsa bwino mavitamini m'thupi mukamadya zakudya. . Izi zimalephereka ndi zinthu zingapo - mavitamini osakwanira kuchokera ku chakudya, slagging wamatumbo, omwe amasokoneza mayankho abwinobwino, kuperewera kwa m'mimba thirakiti la ntchito (kuchuluka kwa acidity), komwe zinthu sizikumizidwa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito dontho, gulu la mavitamini limatha kuperekedwa molunjika kumagazi, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amalowetsa ziwalo zamkati ndi ziwalo. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mkhalidwe wamunthu umasintha.

Zisonyezo za omwe amasiya ma vitamini:

masewera olimbitsa thupi ogwirizana ndi masewera kapena malo olimbikira,
kutopa kwa thupi ndi matenda osakwiya, ukalamba,
kufooka ndi kuchepa mphamvu chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi chifukwa chokhala opanda ulemu,
matenda amkati ogwirizana ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu - kupuma kwa bronchitis, mphumu, matenda a chiwindi, psoriasis, kusowa tulo, migraine.

Vitamini amanjenjemera akapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira pama cellular level, kukonza momwe gawo lililonse limapangidwira.

Madontho okhala ndi mavitamini amapereka mphamvu, kusintha ntchito ya minofu ya mafupa, kuchepetsa kuphipha kwa minofu. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi anthu omwe akutsogolera moyo wathanzi ndikuchita masewera. Pambuyo poyeserera kwakuthupi, lactic acid imapangidwa m'matumbo, zomwe zimayambitsa hypoxia (kufa ndi njala ya oxygen). Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezereka kwa mavitamini ndi michere ndikofunikira.

Zomwe zili ndi mavitamini obwera ndi mavitaminiwa amaphatikizira zinthu ngati izi (pamaziko a saline kapena glucose):

B1 - thiamine. Amadziunjikira minofu ya m'matumbo, chiwindi, impso, ubongo, amatenga nawo mbali mu metabolism ya mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya.
B2 - riboflavin.Amatenga nawo mbali mu njira za redox, hematopoiesis, amawongolera ntchito yobereka ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Ndikofunikira pakukongola kwa khungu, tsitsi, misomali.
PP - nicotinic acid. Amatenga nawo mitundu yonse yamatenda am'mthupi, amachepetsa cholesterol, amasinthasintha ma cell mu capillaries, amachotsa poizoni m'thupi.
C ndi ascorbic acid. Antioxidant yofunika minofu ndi yolumikizana minofu. Amapereka kapangidwe ka mahomoni, amathandizira cholesterol, amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
E ndi tocopherol. Kuteteza maselo onse ku oxidation, kutenga nawo mbali mu mapuloteni, kuonjezera chitetezo, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa.

Zojambula

Kodi glucose wodabwitsa ndi uti? Bukuli likuti lili ndi zotsatira za metabolic and detoxization, komanso likuyimira gwero lofunika kwambiri la michere yakugaya mosavuta komanso yofunika.

Pokonza kagayidwe ka dextrose, mphamvu zambiri zimapangidwa m'matipi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino.

Yankho lomwe likufunsidwa ndi isotonic. Mtengo wake wamagetsi ndi 200 kcal / l, ndipo pafupifupi osmolarity ndi 278 mOsm / l.

Kodi mayankho a yankho monga glucose 5 peresenti ndi ati? Malangizowo (kwa ana akhanda, mankhwalawa amangoikidwa malinga ndi momwe akuwonetsera) akunena kuti metabolism ya dextrose imachitika kudzera mu lactate ndi pyruvate kumadzi ndikutulutsa kwamphamvu pambuyo pake.

Njira yothetsayi imaphatikizidwa kwathunthu, siyimatulutsa impso (kuyang'ana mkodzo ndi matenda).

Zowonjezera za pharmacokinetic za mankhwalawa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi othandizira omwe amawonjezeredwa.

Madokotala Ochotsa Thanzi

Olimbitsa otsalira amawonetsedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kutopa kwa nthawi yayitali, asanafike pochita opareshoni komanso atatha opaleshoni . Komanso, kudukiza kumapangidwira hypoxia, kuledzera kosatha ndi mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Madontho olimbitsa thupi amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic, kusokonezeka kwamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi. Amawerengera kutopa kwam'mutu, kupsinjika pafupipafupi, kulimbitsa thupi.

Popewa zinthu zoterezi, omwe akutsikira thupi kulimbitsa thupi samayikidwa pochizira, komanso pofuna kupewa. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mkhalidwe wama psychoemotional umasinthidwa, thanzi lathunthu limasintha.

Ubwino wa wogwetsa wolimbitsa ndikubwezeretsa mwachangu komanso molondola zakuperewera kwa michere, kufufuza zinthu, mchere. Izi zimachotsa kuthekera kwa bongo kapena kuwoneka kwa zoyipa zamkati kuchokera mkati, ziwalo.

Zotsatira za omwe akumwa amathayo ndizosunthika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi jakisoni ndikakulu. Zothandiza munjira:

kusinthika - kumathandizira kugawa maselo ndikubwezeretsanso minofu, kumapereka thupi mphamvu
detoxization - chotsani poizoni, ziphe (zamkati ndi zamkati) zodwala, zotupa zaulere, zimakonza njira za metabolic,
kubwezeretsa - imapereka michere osowa, mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu, mchere, ma amino acid ku thupi,
antianemic - imakhutitsa magazi ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa hemoglobin - chitsulo, potaziyamu, komanso kupewa hypoxia.

Zowonetsa poyambitsa yankho

Kodi cholinga cha shuga 5% chimatha kuperekedwa kwa odwala? Malangizo (ana ndi akulu akuvomerezedwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pazifukwa zomwezi) akuti chida ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazotsatirazi:

ndi extracellular isotonic fluid,
monga gwero lama chakudya,
pofuna kuchepetsa ndi kunyamula mankhwala operekedwa ndi makolo (i., monga yankho la maziko).

Glucose dontho

Glucose ndi njira yothandizira ponseponse pazinthu zambiri za thupi . Zopindulitsa zake ndizosatsutsika. Momwe zimapangitsa kuti dontho la shuga lithe:

kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi madzi pakuchepa kwamadzi kapena kuchuluka kwamitsempha yamagazi,
Kubwezeretsanso kwina kwa ntchito kwamkati, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazinthu mkati mwake,
kufunika kowonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku, mwachitsanzo, ndi poyizoni,
kubwezeretsanso kwa chakudya chamafuta pambuyo pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
kutopa, kutopa mphamvu,
dystrophic zotupa za ziwalo zamagetsi zam'mimba (chiwindi),
kuchepa kwa bcc (kuchuluka kwa magazi ozungulira) ndi magazi,
dontho lakuthwa, lakuthwa,
hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa thupi ndi chakudya chokha chaubongo. Droppers amawonetsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ku ofesi omwe ali ndi nkhawa yayikulu komanso amakhala pansi. Amalembedwanso kwa okalamba, asanakwane komanso ana aang'ono.

Pakupanga mtsempha, njira ya 5% ya shuga imagwiritsidwa ntchito. . Mlingo umodzi ndi madzi ambiri voliyumu ya 400 ml. Kamodzi m'thupi, yankho limagwera mu maatomu amadzi ndi kaboni dayokisaidi, pomwe mphamvu imatulutsidwa.

Anthu otaya mafuta a glucose sianthu aliyense. Amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga (wodalira insulin), tsankho la munthu payekha, matenda amisala, misempha ndi zotupa za m'matumbo, kuvulala kwamkati.

Otsitsira okongola

Madonthomatha kuti asunge kukongola ndi unyamata lero ndi njira yotchuka muzipinda za cosmetology ndi zipatala zamankhwala okongoletsa.

Njira zoterezi zimatsutsana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zophunzitsira - kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa Botox, ma brour brange ndi zina.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mayankho amkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi kumaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zofunika m'thupi . Zochita zawo zamkati zimapereka kuthamanga, 100% assimilation. Zotsatira zokongoletsa zokongola sizinabwere.

Pambuyo pakukongoletsa kukongola, mkhalidwe wa pakhungu ndi misomali ikupita patsogolo, tsitsi limalimbikitsidwa ndikukhala wopusa. Mkhalidwe wambiri umakhala wokhazikika, momwe zimakhalira m'maganizo zimasinthidwa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi zophatikizika zamankhwala opangidwa mwapadera.

Kuchepa kwa thanzi kuti mukhale wathanzi komanso kukhazikika pakulimbitsa thupi kumawonetsedwa pazaka zilizonse.

Glucose ndi chakudya champhamvu chomwe chimatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, chifukwa mphamvu zamadzi zochiritsa zimasintha kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi ndikubwezeretsa ntchito zopanda thanzi. Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya shuga ndikupereka ndikupatsa thupi gawo lofunikira la zakudya zabwino.

Glucose solution yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ngati mankhwala a jakisoni. Koma chifukwa chiyani amapaka jekeseni m'mitsempha, madokotala amapereka mankhwala otani, ndipo ndioyenera kwa aliyense? Izi ndizofunika kuyankhula mwatsatanetsatane.

Glucose - gwero lamphamvu kwa thupi la munthu

Glucose (kapena dextrose) amatenga nawo mbali machitidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi a. Mankhwala awa ndi osiyanasiyana pakukhudza kwake machitidwe ndi ziwalo za thupi. Dextrose:

Amasintha kagayidwe ka ma cell.
Amabwezeretsa chiwindi ntchito.
Kukonzanso mphamvu zotayika.
Imayendetsa ntchito zofunika ziwalo zamkati.
Amathandizanso ndi detoxification mankhwala.
Imapititsa patsogolo njira za redox.
Kubwezeretsanso kuchepa kwamadzi m'thupi.

Ndi kulowetsedwa kwa glucose solution mthupi, phosphorylation yake yogwira imayamba m'matipi. Ndiye kuti, dextrose amasinthidwa kukhala glucose-6-phosphate.

Glucose ndikofunikira kuti kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kazikhala wathanzi.

Glucose-6-phosphate kapena phosphorylated glucose ndiwofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zoyambira za metabolic zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la munthu.

Isotonic yankho

Mtunduwu wa dextrose umapangidwira kuti ubwezeretse kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zam'mimba zofooka, komanso kubwezeretsanso madzi omwe atayika. Yankho la 5% ili ndi gwero lamphamvu lazinthu zofunika m'moyo wa munthu.

Kodi yankho la isotonic glucose ndi chiyani?

Isotonic solution imayambitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Mosasunthika. Kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa mankhwalawa kutumikiridwa pamenepa ndi 300-500 ml.
Mothandizidwa. Madokotala amatha kuyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa komanso kudzera m'mitsempha (300-400 ml patsiku).
Enema. Mwanjira iyi, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa jakisoni kuli pafupifupi 1.5-2 malita patsiku.

Mwanjira yake yoyenera, jakisoni wa glucose samalimbikitsidwa. Poterepa, chiopsezo chotukuka kutukusira kwa minyewa yokhala ndi minyewa yambiri. Jekeseni wamkati amamuikira ngati kulowetsedwa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kwa pang'onopang'ono sikufunika.

Mphamvu yamankhwala a akumwa

Pa kulowetsedwa (mtsempha wa magazi), njira ya 5% ya dextrose nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Machiritso amadzaza mu pulasitiki, matumba omata kapena mabotolo okhala ndi 400 ml. Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa ndi:

Madzi oyeretsedwa.
Mwachindunji shuga.
Wokopa chidwi.

Ikalowa m'magazi, dextrose imagawika m'madzi ndi mpweya wa kaboni, ndikupanga mphamvu. Pharmacology yotsatira zimatengera mtundu wa mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati akumwa.

Kodi glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Chifukwa chiyani ikani dontho ndi shuga

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zochizira zotere kumachitika ndimatenda osiyanasiyana komanso kukonzanso kwina kwamunthu komwe kumafooka ndi matenda. Glucose wotsika mtengo ndi wofunikira kwambiri paumoyo, womwe umafotokozedwa motere:

chiwindi
pulmonary edema,
kusowa kwamadzi
matenda ashuga
matenda a chiwindi
dziko lodzidzimutsa
hemorrhagic diathesis,
magazi amkati
kuledzera
kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi,
kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (kugwa),
kusanza, kusanza kosalekeza,
matenda opatsirana
kuyambiranso kulephera kwa mtima,
kudzikundikira kwamadzi mu ziwalo zam'mapapo mwanga,
kudzimbidwa (kutsegula m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali),
kuchulukitsa kwa hypoglycemia, komwe kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi mpaka pamlingo wovuta.

Komanso, kulowetsedwa kwamkati mwa dextrose kumasonyezedwa ngati pakufunika kuyambitsa mankhwala ena mthupi. Makamaka mtima glycosides.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Nthawi zina, isotonic dextrose solution imatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Mwakutero:

kulakalaka
kunenepa
malungo
subcutaneous necrosis,
kuchuluka kwa magazi pamalo a jekeseni,
Hypervolemia (kuchuluka magazi),
Hyperhydrate (kuphwanya madzi amchere amchere).

Pankhani ya kusaphunzira mosavomerezeka yankho ndi kuyambitsa kwa dextrose mowonjezera mu thupi, zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni zambiri zimatha kuchitika. Pankhaniyi, kuukira kwa hyperglycemia, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kukomoka kumawonedwa. Mankhwalawa amachokera pakuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha kupindulitsa kwake konseko, glucose wolumikizira uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mawonekedwe ena alipo. Ndipo mwachindunji monga adanenera dokotala, ndipo njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa motsogozedwa ndi madokotala okha.

Ziphuphu zokhala ndi ma glucose zimatha kubwezeretsanso thupi lofooka komanso kusintha thanzi la wodwalayo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya njira zothetsera mankhwalawa: isotonic ndi hypertonic. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zomwe akuwonetsa. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, mankhwalawa amatha kuvulaza thupi.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Glucose amathandizira kudzera m'mitsempha. The ndende ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kutsimikiza kutengera zaka, chikhalidwe ndi kulemera kwa wodwalayo. Kuzunza kwa dextrose m'magazi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Mwachizolowezi, mankhwalawa amapakidwa pakatikati kapena kotumphukira, chifukwa cha osmolarity wa yankho. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zama Hyperosmolar kumatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo m'mitsempha ndi phlebitis. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mayankho onse a makolo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zosefera pamzere wapa njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa.

monga gwero lama chakudya komanso kupezeka kwa madzi m'thupi kwa isotopic: ndi kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi 70 kg - kuchokera 500 mpaka 3000 ml patsiku,
wowonjezera kukonzekera kwa makolo (monga njira yothetsera): 50 mpaka 250 ml pa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa.

monga gwero lama carbohydrate ndi madzi am'mimba otuluka m'mimba: ndi kulemera kwa thupi 0 mpaka 10 - 100 ml / kg patsiku, ndi thupi lolemera 10 mpaka 20 kg - 1000 ml + 50 ml pa kg pa 10 kg patsiku, ndi Kulemera kwa 20 makilogalamu - 1500 ml + 20 ml pa kilogalamu woposa 20 kg patsiku,
kwa kuchepetsedwa kwa kukonzekera kwa makolo (monga njira yothetsera): kuchokera 50 mpaka 100 ml pa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, 10% yankho la glucose limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kupewa hypoglycemia komanso polimbitsa madzi m'thupi ngati madzi atha.

Mlingo wambiri tsiku lililonse umatsimikiziridwa payokhapokha malinga ndi zaka komanso kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa thupi komanso kuyambira 5 mg / kg / mphindi (kwa odwala akuluakulu) mpaka 10-18 mg / kg / mphindi (kwa ana, kuphatikizapo ana akhanda).

Mlingo wa makonzedwe amtunduwu amasankhidwa malinga ndi mkhalidwe wodwala. Popewa hyperglycemia, poyambira kugwiritsa ntchito dextrose m'thupi sayenera kupitirira, chifukwa chake, pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonzekera kwa odwala akuluakulu sayenera kupitirira 5 mg / kg / mphindi.

Makanda obadwa masiku asanakwane - 10-18 mg / kg / min,
kuyambira 1 mpaka 23 miyezi - 9-18 mg / kg / min,
kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka 11 - 7-14 mg / kg / min,
kuyambira wazaka 12 mpaka 18 - 7-8.5 mg / kg / min.

Zoletsa mawu oyamba

Ndi munthawi ziti pamene glucose 5% sapatsidwa kwa odwala? Malangizowo (amphaka, chida ichi chiyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi katswiri wazowona zanyama) yemwe amakamba za contraindication monga:

shuga wopindika,
hyperglycemia
kulolerana kwa shuga (kuphatikiza kupsinjika kwa metabolic),
hyperlactacidemia.

Mochenjera, shuga amayamba chifukwa cha mtima kulephera kwa mtundu wosakhazikika, hyponatremia, kulephera kwaimpso (ndi oliguria ndi anuria).

Mankhwala Okhala Pamalo a Pharmacy

Adatulutsidwa ku zipatala.

Isotonic dextrose solution (5%) imalowetsedwa m'mitsempha (dontho) pa liwiro lalikulu mpaka 7.5 ml (madontho 150) / min (400 ml / h). Mlingo woyenera wa Za akulu - 500-3000 ml / tsiku,

Chifukwa makanda ndi ana olemera 0-10 kg - 100 ml / kg / tsiku, ndi kulemera kwa thupi10-20 kg - ml + 50 ml pa kg pa 10 kg pa tsiku, ndi kulemera kwa thupioposa 20 kg - 1500 ml + 20 ml pa kg pa 20 kg pa tsiku.

Mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a glucose sayenera kupitilira kuti mupewe hyperglycemia.

Mulingo waukulu wa mankhwalawa umachokera ku 5 mg / kg / min kwa Za akulu mpaka 10-18 mg / kg / min kwa ana kutengera zaka komanso kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi.

Hypertonic solution (10%) - kukapanda kuleka - mpaka 60 madontho / mphindi (3 ml / mphindi): mlingo wokwanira tsiku lililonse kwa akulu ndi 1000 ml.

Mu / ndege - 10-50 ml ya 5% ndi 10% yankho.

Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, dextrose imayendetsedwa motsogozedwa ndi shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Mlingo wovomerezeka mukamagwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsedwa ndi kutumiza kwa mankhwala a makolo (monga njira yothetsera): 50-250 ml pa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa.

Potere, mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala omwe amasungunuka mkati mwake.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, musachotse thumba pachotengera cha polyamide-polypropylene momwe adayikiramo, monga Imasunga chonde cha chinthucho.

Malangizo Otsukidwa-Fiex & Container

1. Tsanulirani thumba kuchokera pachipinda chakunja choteteza.

2. Yang'anani umphumphu wachombocho ndikukonzekera kulowetsedwa.

3. Tetezani mankhwala a jakisoni.

4. Gwiritsani masingano 19G kapena ocheperako posakaniza mankhwala.

5.Sakanizani bwino yankho ndi mankhwala.

Malangizo a Viaflo Container

a. Chotsani chidebe cha Viaflo muchikwama pulasitiki ya polyamide-polypropylene musanagwiritse ntchito.

b. Pakangotha mphindi imodzi, yang'anani chidebecho ngati kutayikira pakukakamiza mwamphamvu chidebecho. Ngati kutupika kwapezeka, chotetezacho chimayenera kutayidwa, chifukwa samatha kukhala osalimba.

c. Onani njira yothetsera kuwonekera komanso kusapezeka kwa malingaliro. Chotetezacho chikuyenera kutayidwa ngati chiwonetsero chawonongeka kapena pali zosokoneza.

Kukonzekera kuti mugwiritse ntchito

Pokonzekera yankho, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zosalala.

a. Sungani chidebe pamalo.

b. Chotsani fuse pulasitiki pachimbudzi chomwe chili pansi pa beseni.

Ndi dzanja limodzi, gwira phiko laling'ono pakhosi la kutuluka.

Ndi dzanja linalo, gwiritsitsani mapiko akuluakuluwo pachikuto ndi kupindika. Chovundikacho chitsegulidwa.

c. Mukakhazikitsa dongosolo, malamulo aseptic ayenera kutsatiridwa.

d. Ikani dongosolo mogwirizana ndi malangizo a kulumikizana, kudzaza dongosolo ndikulowetsa yankho, lomwe lili mu malangizo a dongosololi.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala ena ku yankho

Chenjezo: Mankhwala owonjezera sangakhale ogwirizana ndi yankho.

a. Tetezani mankhwala m'ndendeko pobayira mankhwala pachimbudzi (doko loyendetsera mankhwala).

b. Pogwiritsa ntchito syringe kukula 19-22, pangani chopumira pamalopo ndikubaya mankhwalawo.

c. Sakanizani mankhwalawo bwino ndi yankho. Mankhwala omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakakulu (mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu wa calcium), phatikizani mosamala mankhwalawo pogwiritsa ntchito syringe, pogwirizira chidebecho kuti doko lolowera lamankhwala likhale pamwamba (mozondoka), kenako kusakaniza.

Chenjezo: Osasunga zinthu zomwe zakonzedwazo.

Powonjezera musanayambitse:

a. Sinthani chida chachikulu chomwe chikuyendetsa kayendedwe ka yankho ku "Watsekedwa" malo.

b. Tetezani mankhwala m'ndendeko pobayira mankhwala pachimbudzi (doko loyendetsera mankhwala).

c. Pogwiritsa ntchito syringe kukula 19-22, pangani chopumira pamalopo ndikubaya mankhwalawo.

d. Chotsani chidebe ku tripod ndiku / kapena chekeni.

e M'malo awa, chotsani mpweya mosamala m'madoko onse awiri.

f. Sakanizani mankhwalawo bwino ndi yankho.

g. Bweretsani chidebe ku malo ogwiritsira ntchito, sinthani kachitidweko pamalo a "Open" ndikupitiliza kuyambitsa.

Glucose 5 peresenti: malangizo

Kwa agalu ndi nyama zina zapakhomo, mankhwalawa amayikidwa payekhapayekha, mosamala malinga ndi mawonekedwe. Zomwezo zimapita kwa anthu.

Pulogalamu ya isotonic dextrose iyenera kubayidwa m'mitsempha kuthamanga kwambiri mpaka madontho 150 pamphindi. Mlingo woyenera wa odwala wamkulu ndi 500-3000 ml patsiku.

Kwa ana akhanda okhala ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 10 kg, mankhwalawa amayikidwa pa 100 ml / kg patsiku. Kupitilira muyeso wosavomerezeka sikulimbikitsidwa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, dextrose amayenera kuperekedwa kokha motsogozedwa ndi zomwe zili mumkodzo ndi magazi.

Zambiri

Pochita zanyama, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga ya isotonic ndikotchuka kwambiri. Mankhwala oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kubwezeretsa thupi la nyama ndi madzi ndi michere.

Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa amalembedwa amphaka, agalu, nkhosa ndi nyama zina zomwe zimataya madzi ambiri, kuledzera, mantha, poyizoni, matenda a chiwindi, matenda oopsa, matenda am'mimba, atony, acetonemia, gangrene, mtima, kuvunda kwa hemoglobinuria ndi zina .

Nyama zotopa komanso zofooka, yankho lomwe limafunsidwalo limaperekedwa ngati kukonzekera mphamvu.

Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi njira ya makonzedwe

Kwa ziweto, njira ya shuga peresenti 5 imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena subcutaneous. Mlingo wotsatira umatsatiridwa:

amphaka - 7-50 ml,
mahatchi - 0,7-2.45 malita,
agalu - 0.04-0.55 l,
- 0.08-0.65 L,
nkhumba - 0,3-0.65 l,
ng'ombe - malita 0,5-3.

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe, mlingo womwe unawonetsedwa umagawidwa majakisoni angapo, omwe amachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Glucose mu ma dontho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhutitsa thupi ndi mphamvu. Izi zimatengedwa mosavuta ndi wodwalayo, kumuloleza "kuyika mapazi ake" mwachangu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za dontho la glucose, chifukwa chake njirayi imayikidwa, kodi contraindication ake ndi ati.

Yankho la Dextrose ndi la mitundu iwiri: hypertonic, isotonic. Kusiyana kwawo kuli pakukhazikika kwa mankhwalawo komanso mawonekedwe a kuchitira zolimbitsa thupi. Glucose isotonic solution amaimiridwa ndi 5% wothandizira.

Potengera momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira ndi mankhwalawa, zotsatirazi zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimachitika:

kusowa kwamadzi kwadzaza
chakudya chamagulu chimakula
ubongo umalimbikitsidwa,
Magazi amayenda bwino

Isotonic solution ikhoza kutumikiridwa osati kokha, koma komanso modumphira.

Amasankhidwa kuti athandizire wodwala zotsatirazi:

kugaya chakudya
kuledzera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ziphe,
matenda a chiwindi
kusanza
kutsegula m'mimba
zotupa mu ubongo,
matenda oopsa.

Yankho la hypertonic limayimiriridwa ndi 40% ya mankhwala, omwe amangoperekedwa kudzera pakungodontheza ndipo amathanso kudziphatika ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kutengera zosowa za wodwalayo.

Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hypertonic, zotsatirazi zimapangitsa thupi kukhala:

imakulitsa, imalimbitsa mtima,
kupanga mkodzo wambiri kumakhudzidwa,
kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka m'magazi a minofu,
kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatulutsa
zinthu zapoizoni zimachotsedwa.

Nthawi zambiri, yankho la hypertonic mu mawonekedwe a dontho limayikidwa motere:

dontho lakuthwa la shuga,
kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
chiwindi
matenda am'mimba oyambitsidwa ndi matenda,
dontho lakuthwa magazi.
vuto la mtima
kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi,
mimba.

Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa ndi shuga imayikidwa chifukwa cha matenda omwe amathandizira wodwalayo.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mayankho a shuga

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akuwonetsa kuti shuga amayenera kuperekedwa kamodzi patsiku mu mtsempha wokhala ndi dontho. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, mankhwalawa mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana amathandizidwa ndi 300 ml mpaka 2 malita patsiku. Ndikofunikira kuyika ma dontho ndi glucose moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kuchipatala, kuyang'anira kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuchipatala, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi m'thupi.

Ngati ndi kotheka, shuga amatha kuperekedwanso kwa mwana wakhanda. Pankhaniyi, mlingo waukulu wa tsiku ndi tsiku amawerengedwa molingana ndi kulemera kwa wodwala pang'ono. Kwa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa makanda, 100 ml ya glucose solution ndiyofunikira. Kwa ana omwe kulemera kwawo kupitilira 10 makilogalamu, kuwerengedwa kotsatirako kumachitika: 150 ml ya mankhwalawa pa 1 kg yolemera. Kwa ana olemera oposa 20 kg pa kilogalamu imodzi yakulemera, 170 ml ya mankhwalawa ndikofunikira.

Pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere

Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera popanga njira ya mtsempha wama cell mu ma cell. Ngati pa nthawi ya pakati hypoglycemia, magazi ochepa otsika apezeka, ndiye kuti kuchipatala kumachitika, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawa.

Kupanda kutero, pakhoza kukhala zovuta:

kubadwa msanga
zotupa za fetus,
matenda ashuga amtsogolo
shuga mwana
matenda endocrine khanda,
kapamba m'mayi.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa glucose mu thupi la mkazi, mwana samapeza thanzi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti afe. Nthawi zambiri shuga amawokedwa ndi osakwanira a fetal. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kubadwa msanga, pathupi.

Zofunika! Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya glucose pa nthawi ya pakati kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi madokotala kuti apewe matenda a shuga.

Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la glucose azimayi anyala. Koma izi zimafunikira kuwunika momwe mwanayo alili. Pazizindikiro zochepa za thupi, ndikofunikira kusiya kuyimitsa.

Glucose Analogs

Mafuta amtundu wa glucose omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala Glucosteril ndi Dextrose monga njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa.

Malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso omwe ali mgulu limodzi la mankhwala, Glucose analogues imaphatikizapo Aminokrovin, Aminotrof, Aminoven, Aminodez, Aminosol-Neo, Hydramin, Dipeptiven, Infuzamine, Infuzolipol, Intralipid, Nefrotekt, Nutriflex, Oliklinom.

Gosing ya glucose ndi mlingo

Glucose ya akuluakulu imathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha:

Glucose solution 5% - mpaka malita 2 patsiku pamlingo wa 7 ml pa mphindi,
10% - mpaka lita imodzi ndi liwiro la 3 ml pamphindi,
20% - 500 ml pamlingo wa 2 ml pa mphindi,
40% - 250 ml pamlingo wa 1.5 ml pa mphindi.

Malinga ndi malangizo, shuga wa 5% ndi 10% amathanso kutumikiridwa kudzera m'mitsempha.

Kuchulukitsa kuyamwa kwa milingo yayikulu yogwira ntchito (dextrose), tikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa insulin nayo. Potengera momwe matenda a shuga akuperewera, njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuperekedwa ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi magazi.

Pa zakudya zamabereki, ana, kuphatikiza ndi amino acid ndi mafuta, amapatsidwa shuga wa 5% ndi 10% patsiku loyamba pamlingo wa 6 g wa dextrose pa 1 kg ya thupi patsiku. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa madzi a jakisoni yovomerezeka ayenera kuwongoleredwa:

Kwa ana olemera 2-10 makilogalamu - 100-160 ml pa 1 kg,
Ndi kulemera kwa 10-40 makilogalamu - 50-100 ml pa 1 kg.

Pa chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Mapiritsi - zaka 4
Yankho la Ampoule - zaka 6,
Yothetsera mabotolo - 2 years.

5% shuga yankho isotonic ponena za madzi am'magazi ndipo, akaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, amakonzanso magazi ochulukitsa; ndikatayika, amachokera pazinthu zofunikira zomanga thupi, komanso amathandizira kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi. Glucose imapereka kukonzanso kwa gawo lamagetsi zamagetsi. Ndi jakisoni wovomerezeka, imayendetsa njira za metabolic, imayendetsa ntchito ya chiwindi, imakweza mphamvu ya contractile ya myocardium, imachepetsa mitsempha ya magazi, ndikuwonjezera diuresis.
Pharmacokinetics
Pambuyo pakukonzekera, imagawidwa mwachangu m'thupi lathu. Amachotsa impso.

Zisonyezero zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
Zizindikiro zothandizira Glucose ndi: hyper- ndi isotonic kuchepa madzi, mwa ana kuti asasokoneze kuchuluka kwa madzi mu-electrolyte panthawi yopangira ma opaleshoni, kuledzera, hypoglycemia, monga zosungunulira zina zothetsera mankhwala.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
Mankhwala Glucose ntchito kudzera mu mtsempha wa magazi. Mlingo wa akuluakulu ndi mpaka 1500 ml patsiku. Mlingo wapamwamba wa tsiku lililonse kwa akulu ndi 2,000 ml. Ngati ndi kotheka, mlingo waukulu wa oyang'anira akuluakulu ndi madontho 150 pamphindi (500 ml / ola).

Zotsatira zoyipa:
Electrolyte vutoli komanso ambiri zimachitika mu thupi infusions: hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, Hypervolemia, hyperglycemia, thupi lawo siligwirizana (hyperthermia, zotupa pakhungu, angioedema, mantha).
Matenda am'mimba:? chosowa kwambiri? nseru wa chapakati.
Pazochitika zoyipa, makonzedwe a yankho ayenera kusiyanitsidwa, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo woyesedwa ndi kuthandizidwa uyenera kuperekedwa.

Contraindication :
5% shuga yankho contraindicated odwala ndi: hyperglycemia, shuga hypersensitivity.
Mankhwala sayenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zinthu zamagazi.

Mimba :
Mankhwala Glucose itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi mawonekedwe.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena:
Ndi munthawi yomweyo Glucose ndi thiazide diuretics ndi furosemide, kuthekera kwawo kwakukopa kuchuluka kwa shuga wa seramu kuyenera kuganiziridwanso.Insulin imathandizira kuti shuga atulutsidwe m'ziphuphu zake. Njira yothetsera shuga imachepetsa poizoni wa pyrazinamide pachiwindi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yayikulu yothetsera shuga kumapangitsa kuti hypokalemia ipite patsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa za munthawi yomweyo zomwe zimakonzekera digito.
Glucose sigwirizana pamayankho ndi aminophilin, solible barbiturates, hydrocortisone, kanamycin, solfanle sulfanilamides, cyanocobalamin.

Bongo :
Bongo Glucose zitha kuwonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zochita zoyipa.
Mwina chitukuko cha hyperglycemia ndi hypotonic hyperhydrate. Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mankhwala, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi makonzedwe wamba a insulin ayenera kukonzekera.

Malo osungirako:
Sungani ku kutentha kosaposa 25 ° C.
Pewani kufikira ana.

Kutulutsa Fomu:
Matendawa - Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa. 200 ml, 250 ml, 400 ml kapena 500 ml mu mbale.

Kupanga :
ntchito: shuga ,
100 ml yankho lili ndi shuga 5 g,
wonipi: madzi a jakisoni.

Zosankha :
Mankhwala Glucose Mosamala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala intracranial ndi intraspinal hemorrhages.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, magazi amayenera kuchita ndi shuga.
Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa plasma hypoosmolarity, njira ya 5% ya shuga ingaphatikizidwe ndikuyambitsa yankho la isotonic sodium chloride.
Pogwiritsa ntchito milingo yayikulu, ngati kuli kotheka, lembani insulin pansi pa khungu pa 1 OD pa 4-5 g ya glucose.
Zomwe zili mu vial zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kwa wodwala m'modzi. Mukatha kutulutsa vial, gawo losagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zili mu vial liyenera kutayidwa.

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Sungani pa kutentha kosaposa 25 ° C, kuchokera kwa ana.

Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa 5%: 100, 250, 500 ml - zaka 2, 1000 ml - zaka 3,
Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa 10% - 2 zaka.

Mankhwala Okhala Pamalo a Pharmacy

Adatulutsidwa ku zipatala.

Isotonic dextrose solution (5%) imalowetsedwa m'mitsempha (dontho) pa liwiro lalikulu mpaka 7.5 ml (madontho 150) / min (400 ml / h). Mlingo woyenera wa Za akulu - 500-3000 ml / tsiku,

Mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a glucose sayenera kupitilira kuti mupewe hyperglycemia.

Mulingo waukulu wa mankhwalawa umachokera ku 5 mg / kg / min kwa Za akulu mpaka 10-18 mg / kg / min kwa ana kutengera zaka komanso kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi.

Hypertonic solution (10%) - kukapanda kuleka - mpaka 60 madontho / mphindi (3 ml / mphindi): mlingo wokwanira tsiku lililonse kwa akulu ndi 1000 ml.

Mu / ndege - 10-50 ml ya 5% ndi 10% yankho.

Potere, mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala omwe amasungunuka mkati mwake.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, musachotse thumba pachotengera cha polyamide-polypropylene momwe adayikiramo, monga Imasunga chonde cha chinthucho.

Malangizo Otsukidwa-Fiex & Container

1. Tsanulirani thumba kuchokera pachipinda chakunja choteteza.

2. Yang'anani umphumphu wachombocho ndikukonzekera kulowetsedwa.

3. Tetezani mankhwala a jakisoni.

4. Gwiritsani masingano 19G kapena ocheperako posakaniza mankhwala.

5. Sakanizani bwino yankho ndi mankhwala.

Malangizo a Viaflo Container

a. Chotsani chidebe cha Viaflo muchikwama pulasitiki ya polyamide-polypropylene musanagwiritse ntchito.

b.Pakangotha mphindi imodzi, yang'anani chidebecho ngati kutayikira pakukakamiza mwamphamvu chidebecho. Ngati kutupika kwapezeka, chotetezacho chimayenera kutayidwa, chifukwa samatha kukhala osalimba.

c. Onani njira yothetsera kuwonekera komanso kusapezeka kwa malingaliro. Chotetezacho chikuyenera kutayidwa ngati chiwonetsero chawonongeka kapena pali zosokoneza.

Kukonzekera kuti mugwiritse ntchito

Pokonzekera yankho, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zosalala.

a. Sungani chidebe pamalo.

b. Chotsani fuse pulasitiki pachimbudzi chomwe chili pansi pa beseni.

Ndi dzanja limodzi, gwira phiko laling'ono pakhosi la kutuluka.

Ndi dzanja linalo, gwiritsitsani mapiko akuluakuluwo pachikuto ndi kupindika. Chovundikacho chitsegulidwa.

c. Mukakhazikitsa dongosolo, malamulo aseptic ayenera kutsatiridwa.

d. Ikani dongosolo mogwirizana ndi malangizo a kulumikizana, kudzaza dongosolo ndikulowetsa yankho, lomwe lili mu malangizo a dongosololi.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala ena ku yankho

Chenjezo: Mankhwala owonjezera sangakhale ogwirizana ndi yankho.

a. Tetezani mankhwala m'ndendeko pobayira mankhwala pachimbudzi (doko loyendetsera mankhwala).

b. Pogwiritsa ntchito syringe kukula 19-22, pangani chopumira pamalopo ndikubaya mankhwalawo.

Chenjezo: Osasunga zinthu zomwe zakonzedwazo.

Powonjezera musanayambitse:

a. Sinthani chida chachikulu chomwe chikuyendetsa kayendedwe ka yankho ku "Watsekedwa" malo.

b. Tetezani mankhwala m'ndendeko pobayira mankhwala pachimbudzi (doko loyendetsera mankhwala).

c. Pogwiritsa ntchito syringe kukula 19-22, pangani chopumira pamalopo ndikubaya mankhwalawo.

d. Chotsani chidebe ku tripod ndiku / kapena chekeni.

e M'malo awa, chotsani mpweya mosamala m'madoko onse awiri.

f. Sakanizani mankhwalawo bwino ndi yankho.

g. Bweretsani chidebe ku malo ogwiritsira ntchito, sinthani kachitidweko pamalo a "Open" ndikupitiliza kuyambitsa.

Pharmacological zochita za shuga

Glucose ndiyofunikira m'thupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana zama metabolic.

Chifukwa chakukhudzidwa kwathunthu ndi thupi ndikusintha kwake kukhala glucose-6-phosphate, njira yothetsera shuga imalipira pang'ono kuchepa kwa madzi. Pankhaniyi, 5% dextrose yankho ndi isotonic to plasma, and 10%, 20% ndi 40% (hypertonic) mayankho amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa osmotic kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo.

Kutulutsa Fomu

500 mg ndi mapiritsi 1 g, m'matumba a zidutswa 10,
5%, 10%, 20% ndi 40% yankho la mtsempha wamkati mu ampoules ndi mbale.

Glucose Analogs

Mafuta amtundu wa glucose omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala Glucosteril ndi Dextrose monga njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsa ntchito shuga

Glucose solution, mogwirizana ndi malangizo, malangizo:

Potengera zakuperewera kwa chakudya chamafuta,
Poyerekeza ndi kuledzera kwakukulu,
Mankhwalawa hypoglycemia,
Poyerekeza ndi zakumwa za matenda a chiwindi - hepatitis, dystrophy ndi atrophy ya chiwindi, kuphatikizapo chiwindi.
Ndi toxicoinawon,
Ndi kutayika kwa madzi am'magazi osiyanasiyana - kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza, komanso nthawi yothandizira
Ndi hemorrhagic diathesis,
Ndi kugwa ndi kugwedezeka.

Zizindikirozi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga agwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

Kuphatikiza apo, yankho la Glucose limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothana ndi mankhwalawa komanso kuthana ndi magazi, komanso pokonzekera njira zothetsera mankhwalawa pakukonzekera mtsempha wa magazi.

Contraindication

Glucose mumtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala utulutsidwa mu:

Hyperglycemia,
Hyperosmolar chikomokere,
Hypersensitivity
Hyperhydration,
Hyperlactacidemia,
Zovuta zam'magazi zomwe zimawopseza pulmonary edema,
Mavuto Osiyanasiyana a Postoperative Glucose
Pachimake kumanzere kwamitsempha,
Kutupa kwa ubongo ndi mapapu.

Mu ana, njira ya glucose yoposa 20-25% sigwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mochenjera, motsogozedwa ndi misempha ya shuga, mankhwalawa amalembedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a mtima wosakhazikika, kuchepa kwa mtima ndi matenda a shuga.

Glucose yankho nthawi ya pakati imagwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kuchipatala.

Gosing ya glucose ndi mlingo

Glucose ya akuluakulu imathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha:

Glucose solution 5% - mpaka malita 2 patsiku pamlingo wa 7 ml pa mphindi,
10% - mpaka lita imodzi ndi liwiro la 3 ml pamphindi,
20% - 500 ml pamlingo wa 2 ml pa mphindi,
40% - 250 ml pamlingo wa 1.5 ml pa mphindi.

Malinga ndi malangizo, shuga wa 5% ndi 10% amathanso kutumikiridwa kudzera m'mitsempha.

Kwa ana olemera 2-10 makilogalamu - 100-160 ml pa 1 kg,
Ndi kulemera kwa 10-40 makilogalamu - 50-100 ml pa 1 kg.

Pa chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zotsatira zoyipa za glucose

Monga lamulo, yankho la shuga nthawi zambiri silibweretsa mavuto. Komabe, mosiyana ndi momwe matenda ena amakhalira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kungapangitse kusowa kwamphamvu kwamanzere kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi hypervolemia.

Nthawi zina, mukamagwiritsa ntchito yankho, zimachitika mderalo zimachitika jakisoni m'njira ya thrombophlebitis komanso kukula kwa matenda.

Ndi bongo wa Glucose, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingachitike:

Kuphwanya mulingo wamagetsi wamadzi,
Glucosuria
Hyperglycemia,
Kutulutsa magazi
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar chikomokere,
Liponeogenesis yolimbikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2.

Ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro zoterezi, pakhoza kuchuluka kwambiri pakupuma kwaminiti ndi mafuta a chiwindi, zomwe zimafuna kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwalawa ndikuyambitsa insulin.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mukaphatikiza Glucose ndi mankhwala ena, mawonekedwe awo ogulitsa ayenera kuyang'aniridwa.

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Mapiritsi - zaka 4
Yankho la Ampoule - zaka 6,
Yothetsera mabotolo - 2 years.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
Mankhwala Glucose ntchito kudzera mu mtsempha wa magazi. Mlingo wa akuluakulu ndi mpaka 1500 ml patsiku. Mlingo wapamwamba wa tsiku lililonse kwa akulu ndi 2,000 ml.Ngati ndi kotheka, mlingo waukulu wa oyang'anira akuluakulu ndi madontho 150 pamphindi (500 ml / ola).

Contraindication :
5% shuga yankho contraindicated odwala ndi: hyperglycemia, shuga hypersensitivity.
Mankhwala sayenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zinthu zamagazi.

Mimba :
Mankhwala Glucose itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi mawonekedwe.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena:
Ndi munthawi yomweyo Glucose ndi thiazide diuretics ndi furosemide, kuthekera kwawo kwakukopa kuchuluka kwa shuga wa seramu kuyenera kuganiziridwanso. Insulin imathandizira kuti shuga atulutsidwe m'ziphuphu zake. Njira yothetsera shuga imachepetsa poizoni wa pyrazinamide pachiwindi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yayikulu yothetsera shuga kumapangitsa kuti hypokalemia ipite patsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa za munthawi yomweyo zomwe zimakonzekera digito.
Glucose sigwirizana pamayankho ndi aminophilin, solible barbiturates, hydrocortisone, kanamycin, solfanle sulfanilamides, cyanocobalamin.

Malo osungirako:
Sungani ku kutentha kosaposa 25 ° C.
Pewani kufikira ana.

Kutulutsa Fomu:
Matendawa - Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa. 200 ml, 250 ml, 400 ml kapena 500 ml mu mbale.

Kupanga :
ntchito: shuga ,
100 ml yankho lili ndi shuga 5 g,
wonipi: madzi a jakisoni.

Kutulutsa mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake

Glucose amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa, mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi m'matumba a zidutswa 20, komanso mawonekedwe a yankho la 5% ya jakisoni m'mabotolo a 400 ml, 40% yankho mu ampoules a 10 kapena 20 ml.

Yogwira pophika mankhwala ndi dextrose monohydrate.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Malinga ndi malangizo, Glucose mu mawonekedwe a njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotsatirazi:

Isotonic extracellular fluid,
Monga gwero lama chakudya,
Chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa ndi kunyamula mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makolo.

Glucose pamapiritsi amalembedwa kuti:

Hypoglycemia,
Kuperewera kwa chakudya chamafuta,
Intoxication, kuphatikizapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi (hepatitis, dystrophy, atrophy),
Matenda oopsa
Manjenjemera ndi kugwa,
Kuthetsa madzi m'thupi (nthawi yothandizira, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba).

Contraindication

Malinga ndi malangizo, Glucose ndi oletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi:

Hyperglycemia,
Hyperosmolar chikomokere,
Shuga wowonjezera,
Hyperlactacidemia,
Kusatetemera kwa thupi kwa glucose (kupsinjika kwa metabolic).

Glucose amalembedwa mosamala mu:

Hyponatremia,
Kulephera kwa impso (anuria, oliguria),
Mtima wowonongeka wa matenda osachiritsika.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Glucose solution 5% (isotonic) imayendetsedwa mwa mitsempha. Mulingo wambiri woyendetsa ndi 7.5 ml / min (madontho 150) kapena 400 ml / ola. Mlingo wa akuluakulu ndi 500-3000 ml patsiku.

Kwa ana akhanda omwe thupi lawo limaposa 10 kg, mulingo woyenera wa Glucose ndi 100 ml pa kilogalamu yolemera patsiku. Ana, omwe thupi lawo ndi 10-20 makilogalamu, amatenga 150 ml pa kilogalamu ya thupi patsiku, oposa 20 kg - 170 ml pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya kulemera kwa thupi patsiku.

Mlingo waukulu kwambiri ndi 5-18 mg wa pa kilogalamu ya thupi pa mphindi imodzi, kutengera zaka komanso kulemera kwa thupi.

Glucose hypertonic solution (40%) imayendetsedwa motsika mpaka madontho 60 pamphindi (3 ml pa mphindi). Mlingo waukulu wa akuluakulu ndi 1000 ml patsiku.

Ndi jet intravenous jet, glucose solution ya 5 ndi 10% mu mlingo wa 10-50 ml amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Popewa hyperglycemia, mulingo woyenera sayenera kupitirira.

Mu shuga mellitus, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kuwunika kwake kwamikodzo mkodzo ndi magazi. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndi kuyendetsa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kholo, muyezo wa Glucose ndi 50-250 ml pa mlingo wa mankhwalawo. Mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe a njira yothetsera vutoli zimatengera mawonekedwe a mankhwala osungunuka mu shuga.

Mapiritsi a glucose amatengedwa pakamwa, mapiritsi 1-2 patsiku.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kugwiritsa ntchito Glucose 5% mu milingo yayikulu imatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa (kuthiratu madzi m'thupi), limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwamchere wamadzi.

Ndi kuyambitsa kwa hypertonic yothetsera mankhwala kulowa khungu, necrosis ya subcutaneous minofu kumachitika, mwachangu kwambiri makonzedwe, phlebitis (kutupa kwamitsempha) ndi thrombi (magazi kuwundana) ndi zotheka.

Malangizo apadera

Ndi chiwongolero chothamanga kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito Glucose nthawi yayitali, izi ndizotheka:

Hyperosmolarity,
Hyperglycemia,
Osmotic diuresis (chifukwa cha hyperglycemia),
Hyperglucosuria,
Hypervolemia.

Ngati zizindikiro za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimachitika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichitepo kanthu kuti tichotse mankhwalawo ndikuthandizira othandizira, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito okodzetsa.

Zizindikiro za mankhwala osokoneza bongo owonjezereka omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga ya 5% amatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Pankhani ya bongo, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya njira yoyambira ndikuyambitsa chithandizo chamankhwala komanso chothandizira.

Milandu yokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa Glucose ndi mankhwala ena sikufotokozedwa.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere, glucose amavomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Pofuna kutsata shuga, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka nthawi imodzi pa 4-5 g ya glucose.

Glucose solution ndioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakuwonekera, kuphatikiza umphumphu komanso kusapezeka kwa zosayera. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho pokhapokha mutapeza vial ku kulowetsedwa.

Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera za shuga zomwe zimalumikizidwa mndandanda, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa mpweya chifukwa cholowetsa mpweya wotsalira mupaketi yoyamba.

Mankhwala ena ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho isanayambike kapena nthawi ya kulowetsedwa ndi jekeseni kumalo opangidwa ndi chidebe. Mukamawonjezera mankhwala ayenera kuyang'ana isotonicity ya yankho. Njira yothetsera kusakanikirana iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukangokonzekera.

Chotetezacho chimayenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo mutagwiritsa ntchito yankho, mosasamala kanthu kuti mankhwalawo atsala mwa iwo kapena ayi.

Mankhwala otsatirawa ndi mawonekedwe a Glucose:

Glucosteril
Glucose-E
Glucose Brown,
Glucose Bufus,
Dextrose
Eskom Glucose,
Dextrose Vial
Peritoneal glucose otsika calcium calcium.

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Malinga ndi malangizo, Glucose mu mtundu uliwonse wa Mlingo uyenera kusungidwa pamtunda wozizira, kuchokera kwa ana. Alumali moyo wa mankhwalawa zimatengera wopanga ndipo amachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 3 zaka.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Glucose

Glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa poizoni m'thupi ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi am'madzi. Mankhwala, isotonic (ya subcutaneous, intravenous management, mu rectum) ndi hypertonic (kwa mtsempha wamkati) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Hypertonic solution imayendetsa mitsempha yamagazi, imachulukitsa mkodzo ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya minofu ya mtima. Isotonic - imabwezeretsa madziwo ndikuthandizira ngati michere. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza njira zothetsera mankhwalawa chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka magazi komanso monga gawo lothandizira magazi ndi kuthana ndi manjenje. Glucose mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi amatengedwa ndi 0,5-1 magalamu nthawi.

Mluza Wamkati

Jekeseni wamagulu a shuga amapatsidwa madontho a 7 ml pa mphindi imodzi. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwalawa komanso kuchuluka kwa jakisoni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala. 5% yankho la mankhwalawa sayenera kuperekedwa kwa 400 ml pa ola limodzi osaposa malita awiri akugogoda. Pazakudya zothetsera 10%, jakisoni ndi 3 ml pamphindi, ndipo tsiku lililonse mlingo si oposa 1 lita. Njira yothetsera 20% iyenera kuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono, pa 2 ml pa mphindi osapitirira 500 ml patsiku. 40% shuga iyenera kusakanizidwa ndi 1% ascorbic acid. Jekeseni pansi pakhungu limatha kuperekedwa palokha, chifukwa mukafunikira njira yothetsera vuto la isotonic ndi syringe ya hypodermic. Ikani 400-500 ml patsiku m'malo osiyanasiyana pakhungu.

Kusanthula (kuyesa) kwa glucose wamagazi

Musanapite kukapereka magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga, simuyenera kudya maola 8 musanayende, ndiye kuti, pitani pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndikofunikanso kuti musakhale amantha musanadzipatule komanso kuti musadzilempeze ndi ntchito yolimbitsa thupi. Zina zili kwa akatswiri. Pali njira zitatu zowunikira shuga: reductometric, enzymatic, ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wozikidwa pazinthu zina. Palinso chida chomwe chimatchedwa glucometer, chomwe chimakulolani kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, ikani dontho limodzi lokha la magazi paziyeso.

Glucose for intravenous management (mawu amodzi: Dextrosum) ndiwophweka wopatsa mphamvu, shuga wa mphesa, wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala monga chinthu chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za metabolic.

Intravenous makonzedwe a shuga ndi dontho kwa akulu ndi ana

Glucose katundu

Zokhudza thupi

Zovuta za Dextrose

Mlingo Wamitundu

Glucose mu isotonic solution

Hypertonic Dextrose Solution

Zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati otsalira

Kufotokozera, Zizindikiro ndi ma contraindication

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yankho

Mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi mlingo

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi bongo

Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi

Makhalidwe wamba

Gulu la Pharmacotherapeutic

Mankhwala

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Bongo

Zowonera Mwachidule

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani?

Kodi glucose amakhala kuti?

Chidziwitso Chofunikira cha Mankhwala

Zizindikiro ndi contraindication

Kuchita kwa glucose

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Pharmacokinetics

Contraindication

Malangizo apadera

Kutulutsa Fomu

Mlingo ndi njira yoyendetsera

Zotsatira zoyipa

Samalani kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Malangizo apadera

Kutulutsa Fomu

Zisonyezero zakudikirira

Contraindication

Mlingo ndi njira yoyendetsera

Zotsatira zoyipa

Samalani kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mtengo wa shuga wa kulowetsedwa

Zomwe Mungagwiritse Ntchito:

Malo opumulira:

Chizindikiro cha pawiri, zopindulitsa ndi zovulaza katundu

Zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvuyi

Kumwa mapiritsi a shuga: ndizotheka kapena ayi?

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'mapiritsi ndi ufa

Nkhani Zina:

Kodi ogwiritsa ntchito akuwala?

Pamodzi ndi nkhaniyi adawerenga:

Katundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Zotsatira zoyipa

Vitamini Droppers

Zojambula

Madokotala Ochotsa Thanzi

Zowonetsa poyambitsa yankho

Glucose dontho

Otsitsira okongola

Isotonic yankho

Mphamvu yamankhwala a akumwa

Chifukwa chiyani ikani dontho ndi shuga

Zotsatira zoyipa

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Zoletsa mawu oyamba

Mankhwala Okhala Pamalo a Pharmacy

Glucose 5 peresenti: malangizo

Zambiri

Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi njira ya makonzedwe

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mayankho a shuga

Pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere

Glucose Analogs

Gosing ya glucose ndi mlingo

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe akusungidwa

Mankhwala Okhala Pamalo a Pharmacy

Pharmacological zochita za shuga