Muli woyenera kulandira mayeso a inshuwaransi yaulere akakamizidwa

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Mwa njira zasayansi yodziwira matenda ashuga, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi kuyeserera kwa glucose (GTT), kumatchedwanso kuti curve ya shuga. Kafukufukuyu akutengera kuyankhidwa kwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Njira yake siyatsopano, koma yothandiza kwambiri.

Kuyesa kosavuta komanso kofala kwambiri pakukaniza kwa glucose ndi katundu m'modzi wa chakudya. Woyamba magazi amawamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ayenera kudya magalamu 75 a shuga, omwe kale anali ndi madzi otentha. Ngati munthu wanenepa kwambiri, ayenera kumwa mpaka 100 g yankho.

Patatha maola awiri mutamwa shuga, tsamba lamwazi limatengedwanso, poyerekeza ndi gawo loyambirira. Ndizabwinobwino ngati zotsatira zoyambirira sizidutsa 5.5 mmol / L. Zina zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - 6.1 mmol / L.

Pamene kuwunika kwachiwiri kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, phindu limapereka chifukwa kulembetsa kuphwanya kwa shuga. Ndi manambala opitilira 11.0 mmol / L, adotolo amapanga kuyambitsa matenda a shuga.

Komabe, kuyeza kamodzi kokha kwa shuga kuti mupeze vuto la chakudya sikokwanira. Poona izi, njira yodalirika yodziwira matenda ndi kuyesa kwa glycemia osachepera kasanu mu maola atatu.

Mitundu ndi zopatuka za mayeso

Mulingo wapamwamba wofanana ndi mayeso a glucose kuloleza ndi 6.7 mmol / l, wotsika amatenga shuga koyamba, malire omveka bwino a phunziroli kulibe.

Potsitsa zolemba zowonetsa, tikulankhula za mitundu yonse yamatenda, zimaphatikizapo kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, glucose. Ndi maphunziro omaliza a matenda a shuga a mtundu wachibiri, Zizindikiro zimawonedwa pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zina (nkhawa, kuledzera, zoopsa, poyizoni).

Ngati kagayidwe kachakudya kamafika, kumakhala ndi mavuto owopsa athanzi omwe angayambitse imfa ya wodwalayo. Matendawa ndi monga myocardial infarction, ochepa matenda oopsa, kuchepa kwa mtima.

Zoyipa zina zikuphatikiza:

• ntchito yambiri ya chithokomiro,
• mitundu yonse yamatenda oyendetsera,
• kuvutika kwamanjenje
• matenda ashuga
• zotupa njira mu kapamba (pachimake, aakulu).

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose pakamwa si chizolowezi chochita, komabe, aliyense ayenera kudziwa kupindika kwa shuga kudziwa zovuta zake.

Kusanthula kuyenera kuchitika ndi matenda ashuga otsimikizika.

Ndani ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumayesedwa makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga a 2. Chosafunikanso kwambiri ndicho kusanthula kwa matenda a pafupipafupi kapena mosakhazikika, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya, kakulidwe ka shuga.

Cholinga chake ndi pa anthu omwe abale awo am'mwazi amadwala kale matenda ashuga, onenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa ndipo amakhala ndi vuto la lipid metabolism.The endocrinologist akuwunikira kuwunikira ndi shuga kwa atherosulinotic zotupa zam'mimba, matenda a gouty, hyperuricemia, njira yayitali ya matenda a impso, mitsempha ya mtima, mtima ndi chiwindi.

Chiwopsezo chilinso chiwopsezo cha glycemia, kuthamangitsidwa kwa shuga mkodzo, odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri yoletsa kuzimiririka, atatha zaka 45, omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika, ma neuropathy a etiology osadziwika.

Muzochitika zomwe zawerengedwa, kuyesedwa koyenera kuyenera kuchitika ngakhale ngati zizindikiro za glycemia posala zili mkati moyenera.

Zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira

Ngati munthu akukayikiridwa chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa glucose, insulini singasokoneze shuga yowonjezera, ayenera kudziwa kuti zinthu zingapo zimatha kukhudza zotsatira za mayeso. Mavuto ololera a glucose nthawi zina amapezeka mwa anthu opanda shuga.

Cholinga chakulekerera kwa kulolerana ndichizolowezi chomaliza kudya maswiti ndi ma confectionery, zakumwa zokoma za kaboni. Ngakhale ntchito yogwira ntchito yazida, inshuwaransi m'magazi imakwera, ndipo kukana kwake kumachepa. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya wamphamvu, komanso kupsinjika maganizo m'mawa wa phunziroli kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kukana kwa glucose.

Amayi oyembekezera panjira ya kusinthika adapanga njira yoteteza ku hypoglycemia, koma madokotala akutsimikiza kuti izi zimapweteketsa kuposa zabwino.

Matenda a glucose amaphatikizidwanso ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ambiri odwala matenda ashuga ndi onenepa kwambiri. Ngati munthu akuganiza za thanzi lake ndikupeza chakudya chochepa kwambiri:

1. adzakhala ndi thupi lokongola,
2. kukupangitsani kumva bwino
3. kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda am'mimba am'mimba amathandizira kudziwa zoyeserera, mwachitsanzo, malabsorption, motility.

Izi, ngakhale ndizowonetsa thupi, ziyenera kupangitsa munthu kuganizira za thanzi lawo.

Kusintha zotsatira mu njira yoyipa kuyenera kukakamiza wodwala kuti ayambenso kudya, aphunzire kudziletsa.

Momwe mungatenge ndikukonzekera

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, kukonzekera koyeserera kwa mayeso a glucose ndikofunikira. Kwa masiku atatu, amafunikira kutsatira kuchuluka kwa chakudya, koma palibe chifukwa chosinthira kupumula, ntchito komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Asanayambe kuyesedwa, munthu ayenera kudya chakudya chomaliza osapitirira 8 koloko madzulo, maola 12 asanafike phunziroli ndikofunikira kuti amwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kusuta, khofi wakuda wamphamvu. Ndikwabwino kuti musadzilempeze ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi mopambanitsa, kuchedwetsa masewera ndi njira zina zolimbikira.

Madzulo a njirayi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidumphe kumwa mankhwala ena: mahomoni, okodzetsa, antipsychotic, adrenaline. Zimachitika kuti kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumayenderana ndi kusamba kwa akazi, ndiye kuti ndikwabwino kusamutsa kwa masiku angapo.

Zotsatira zakuyesa kwa glucose zitha kukhala zolakwika ngati zinthu zakufa zitha:

1. munthawi yamavuto
2. pachimake matenda opatsirana,
3. atandichita opareshoni
4. ndi matenda a chiwindi.
5. ndi yotupa mu hepatic parenchyma.

Zotsatira zabodza zimachitika ndi matenda ena am'mimba, omwe amapezeka ndi vuto la shuga.

Manambala olakwika amawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, komanso matenda ena akuluakulu a endocrine system.

Hafu ya ola limodzi asanatengere magazi, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala momasuka, kuganizira zabwino, kuthamangitsa malingaliro oyipa.

Zimachitika kuti pakuyesa kulolerana ndikofunikira kupaka shuga m'mitsempha. Nthawi yoyenera ndi momwe mungachitire mayeso, chisankho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi dokotala.

Kodi mayeso ololera wama glucose amachitika bwanji?

Nthawi yoyamba yomwe amamwa magazi kuti awunikize pa shuga wopanda kanthu m'mimba, zotsatira za kafukufuku zimatengedwa ngati deta yoyambayo. Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kuthira mchere wowuma wa shuga (300 ml ya madzi omwe amachepetsedwa ndi 75 g shuga), tengani yankho nthawi. Simungatenge ndalama zochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwake kwa glucose kumasankhidwa payekha, mlingo umatengera momwe wodwalayo alili (kulemera, zaka, kutenga pakati).

Nthawi zambiri, madzi otsekemera a shuga m'mimba yopanda kanthu amakwiyitsa munthu mseru. Kuti mupewe mavuto osasangalatsa oterewa, muyenera kuwonjezera asidi wa zipatso pang'ono kapena kufinya mandimu. Ngati muli ndi vuto lomwelo, gulani shuga kuti muyeze mayeso a glucose okhala ndi mandimu, ndikofunikanso kubereka ndi magalamu 300 amadzi. Mutha kugula mayeso molunjika kuchipatala, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo.

Pambuyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, wodwalayo amayenera kuyenda pafupi ndi labotale kwa nthawi yayitali, atatenga nthawi yayitali kuti abwerere ndikuperekanso magazi, wogwira ntchito kuchipatala adzawuza. Zimatengera pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi magazi oyeserera kuti awerenge.

Mwa njira, kafukufuku akhoza kuchitika kunyumba. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose koyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi. Wodwala amatha, osachoka mnyumbamo ndi glucometer:

• kusala
• pakapita kanthawi, idyani mafuta ena,
• pangani mayeso a shuga kachiwiri.

Mwachilengedwe, palibe kutsimikizira kwa kusanthula koteroko; palibe ma coefficients omasulira ma curve a shuga. Zikungofunika kulemba zotsatira zoyambirira, kufananizira ndi phindu lomwe mwapeza. Potsatira ndi dotolo, izi zithandiza dokotalayo kuona chithunzithunzi chokwanira cha matenda, kuti pankhani ya matenda oopsa a shuga, achitepo kanthu moyenera.

Zotsutsana ndi mayeso okhudzika ndi shuga ndi matenda opatsirana komanso otupa, zotsatira zakuphwanya lamuloli ndikupeza zotsatira zabodza. Muzochitika zina zonse, njira yodziwira matenda aubongo imatha kuchitika popanda zoletsa, kuyesedwa kumafunikira pakakhala pakati.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga ndi katundu wambiri kumawerengeredwa pa intaneti kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu.

Zowerengera za shuga Curve

M'malo olembetsera, glycemic yokhotakhota itayesedwa pambuyo poyesedwa kwa magazi kwakanthawi ndikuwonetsa machitidwe a shuga mthupi (kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka), amathandizira kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemic.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, cholowa cha Baudouin chimawerengeredwa potengera kuchuluka kwa shuga kwambiri (mtengo wofunikira kwambiri) pazowunikira zotsatira zoyambirira za kusala magazi. Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga wamagazi umawonedwa pamilandu yoyambira pa 13 mpaka 1.5.

Pali cholingana china, chimatchedwa post-glycemic kapena Rafalsky. Ndiiwerengero ya shuga wamagazi mutatha kudya shuga ndikutsatira shuga. Odwala popanda kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, zotsatira zake sizipitilira 0.9 - 1.04.

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga nthawi ndi nthawi akufuna kudziyimira payekha kuti agwirizane ndi glucose wothandizirana ndi glucometer yonyamula, ayenera kukumbukira kuti njira zapadera za biochemical zowunika zotsatira za kafukufuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makliniki. Glucometer yopangidwira kusanthula mwachangu nthawi zambiri imatha kupereka zotsatira zabodza ndikusokoneza wodwala.

Momwe mungapezere mayeso ololera wa glucose akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Tale of How a Lawyer Abwera Ku Chipatala

Ndine loya ndipo sindimakonda kupitiliza kusanthula.

Mkazi wanga, yemwe ndi dotolo wachipatala, akuti nthawi zambiri amatha kuperekedwa kwaulere. Ndinaganiza funsoli.

Mwalingaliro, zonse ndizophweka: nzika iliyonse ya Russia ili ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kwaulere. Pitani ku chipatala, mukalandire mayendedwe ndi kukayezetsa. Zochita, izi siziri choncho: mu labotale simungathe kukhala ndi ma reagents, kuwunikira kumachitika kuti mupeze ndalama zowonjezera, koma savomereza zomwe sizikuchitika.

Pakadali pano, mayeserowo ndiabwino kulavulira ndikupita ku labotale yangayi, komwe mungayesere ndalama zanu. Koma tengani nthawi yanu: chowonadi ndi chakuti mwalipira kale pazowunikira ndi ma inshuwaransi anu. Nthawi zambiri, mayeso ayenera kuchitidwa kwaulere, ndipo mavuto okhala ndi mavutowo si mavuto anu.

Memo: Ufulu Wako

Muli ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kuchokera ku mapulogalamu oyambira inshuwaransi.

Ziyeso zimaphatikizidwa ndi zamankhwala.

Muli ndi ufulu kulandira zambiri zokhudzana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe mumalandira, kuphatikiza njira zaulere komanso zabwino.

Ngati chipatala chilibe luso lakukuthandizani mwalamulo, iyenera kukutumizirani kuchipatala china komwe mwayi uwu ulipo. Zonsezi ndi zaulere.

Ngati ufulu wanu uphwanyidwa, muli ndi ufulu wodandaula ku kampani ya inshuwaransi ndikutsutsa lingaliro la dokotala kapena chipatala.

Kusuntha konse kuyenera kulembedwa.

Diagnostics Zolemba: njira zofufuzira

Kafukufuku wazachipatala wa Laborator amapereka thandizo lofunikira kwa akatswiri pakuzindikira matendawa. Kuzindikira kwa labotale ndi gawo limodzi la maphunziro othandizira, popeza kulondola komanso kudalirika kwa maphunziro kumapereka chidziwitso choyenera komanso cholondola chothandizira matenda ena.

Koma kutengera momwe matenda atipatsira matenda, katswiriyo amadzisankhira yekha. Pakadali pano pali mitundu yambiri ya mayeso a labotale, iliyonse yomwe imatchedwa munjira yake, komanso njira zosinthira zambiri ndikupeza zotsatira. Iliyonse ili ndi zomwe akutanthauza, ndiye kuti, mtengo wapadera wololeza, womwe umapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu wathanzi.

Mwa njira zotchuka zodziwira matenda, mkodzo ndi kuyezetsa magazi, ma ultrasound, mitundu yambiri ya biopsies, ndi zina zotere zitha kusiyanitsidwa. Njira imodzi yodziwika komanso yofunika ndiyo kuyesa magazi. Ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, pafupifupi yopweteka komanso yophunzitsa. Komabe, sizingatheke kunena mosakayikira kuchuluka kwa nthawi yayitali kuyezetsa magazi. Izi chizindikiro zimatsimikizika mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone kuchuluka kwa kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumachitika.

Mwachidule: momwe mungapangire mayeso a CHI

1. Pezani inshuwaransi yokakamizidwa ku kampani yazachipatala ya inshuwaransi. Popanda icho, sizingatheke kupititsa mayeso ndipo nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa kwaulere - kokha ndi ambulansi.
2. Gwiritsani kuchipatala.
3. Pitani kwa dokotala ndipo mutumizireni.
4. Akanena kuti mayesowo alipira, itanani foni ya inshuwaransi yanu kuti afotokoze ngati zikuyenera kuchitika ndi inshuwaransi yokakamizidwa. Ngati ndi choncho, pemphani inshuwaransi kuti ikuthandizireni kuti muwerengere zaulere.
5. Ngati inshuwaransi sinathandize, lembani dandaulo kwa sing'anga wamkulu. Tumizani kudzera m'makalata kapena kupita nawo ku maphunzirowa m'makope awiri ndikulembetsa kumeneko: ikani kope limodzi lokhala ndi chizindikiro cha mlembi.
6. Ngati dokotala wamkulu sanathandize, dandaula polemba kalata ku Roszdravnadzor, MHIF, ndi kampani ya inshuwaransi.

Madeti oyesa magazi

Palibe chovuta kunena kuti phunzirolo lizichititsidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamankhwala amakono pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesera ya biomaterial iyi.Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kulingalira njira iliyonse payokhapokha, kulabadira kuti ma labotale amawona okha momwe angawunikiridwire ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake kwa wodwalayo. Kafukufuku yemwe angafotokozeredwe m'maola ochepa ali motere: kusanthula konse, kutsimikiza kwa gulu la magazi a munthu, kuyezetsa magazi mwachangu kuti mudziwe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda am'mimba, syphilis ndi hepatitis.

Kafukufuku wambiri

Kuchuluka kwa magazi komwe kumachitika, anthu amafunsa nthawi zambiri.

Kusanthula kwazomwe zimaphatikizira kukhazikitsa kuphatikizika kwamapulatifomu, hemoglobin, maselo oyera am'magazi, maselo ofiira am'magazi komanso kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a erythrocyte komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera. Njira yakufufuzayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda otupa, opatsirana komanso ma hematological, komanso pofufuza momwe munthu aliri.

Mwa zina, kuyezetsa magazi kotheka kumapangitsa kukhazikika kwa chithandizo chamakono. Umboni wa biomaterial wochita kafukufuku nthawi zambiri umatengedwa kuchokera pachala. Kwa diagnostics, kukonzekera kwapadera sikofunikira. Komabe, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti sampling ya magazi iyenera kuchitika musanadye. Zotsatira zake zitha kusonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi maola 1.5 kapena 2.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti kukhazikitse gulu lake?

Kutsimikiza kwamtundu wamagazi

Mwa izi tikutanthauza kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu lake kapena gulu lina malinga ndi kachitidwe "a, b, zero" (AB0). Kafukufuku wofananayu amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanamwe magazi komanso panthawi ya pakati, kuti mupeze matenda a hematological mu makanda atsopano ndikukonzekera kukonzekera kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Mwazi umaperekedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, kuwonjezera apo, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mutha kupeza zotsatira mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri.

Mayeso ofulumira

Kodi kuyezetsa kwamwazi kumachitika bwanji kwa chiwindi, syphilis, HIV?

Kuyesedwa mwachangu kwa kupezeka kwa matenda a hepatitis ndikusanthula kwapamwamba komanso mwachangu kunyumba kuti mudziwe ma antibodies a virus. Magazi amachotsedwa chala, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzekera m'mphindi khumi ndi zisanu zokha.

Chiyesero chotsimikiza cha matenda a syphilis chitha kuchitikanso kunyumba, komabe, mwa kusanthula kumeneku, mabakiteriya a treponema amapezeka kuti atuwa. Amawonetsa kupezeka kwa syphilis mwa munthu. Amatenganso magazi a capillary kuchokera pachala, zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzekera mphindi khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Kuyesedwa kwa kachirombo ka HIV - kuyezetsa magazi kwa kupezeka kwa kachiromboka. Kunyumba, zotsatira zake zikukonzekera pakapita mphindi zochepa. Magazi amachotsedwa kuchokera ku chala. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kuyesa mwachangu kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kunyumba. Ma laboratories azachipatala amawagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo nthawi (nthawi yoyesa magazi pamakina awa) poyerekeza siyosiyana ndi kuchititsa kunyumba.

Mwa zina, pali mitundu yambiri yoyesa mwachangu, ndiye kuti, kuyezetsa magazi kunyumba, mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira khansa ya embryonic antigen, rubella, ndi chikhansa cha khansa. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mayeso omwe amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonetsera, wodwala amatha kungomvera malangizo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kumachitika bwanji kwa biochemistry ndikosangalatsa kwa ambiri.

Mayeso a masiku ambiri

Palinso mitundu ya kuyesa magazi komwe kumachitika masiku angapo. Izi zikuphatikiza: kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga, kusanthula kwa biomaterial yamavuto oyendetsa matenda a munthu, hepatitis ndi syphilis pamavuto a labotale, kufufuza kwa zamankhwala am'mwazi, kufufuza kwa mahomoni, ndi kufufuza kwamachitidwe a heestasis. Komabe, kangati mayeso amwazi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amachitidwa, zimawonekera pokhapokha pakufotokozera zomwe ali.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi. Tengani zitsanzo za biomaterial pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pachala. Njira yofufuzira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa matenda ashuga.Komabe, odwala atatha zaka makumi anayi amathandizidwa nthawi zonse, mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi zimakhala zakonzeka tsiku lonse.

M'malo opanga ma labotale, kuwunika kachilombo ka anthu komwe kumapangitsa kuti mupeze chitetezo chamtunduwu. Imachitika pa venous magazi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzeka mkati mwa masiku 2 mpaka 10.

Ngati magazi ayesedwa ndi syphilis (m'magawo a labotale), zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzeka m'masiku 4-7, ndikuphunzira kafukufuku wamankhwala osokoneza bongo a hepatitis, immunosorbent okhudzana ndi enzyme komanso kuyesa kwa magazi a serological - kuyambira sabata limodzi mpaka awiri.

Kafukufuku wokhudza heentatic system amakupatsani mwayi wotsatira zotsatira masiku angapo. Nthawi yakuwunika kwa zachilengedwe mu maphunziro a mahomoni ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kwa wodwala ndi katswiri wopezekapo. Popeza zomwe zili mu mahomoni zimasintha m'magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo, magazi amatengedwa kuti awunike malinga ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa payokha. Komabe, pafupifupi, kafukufuku wotere amakhala wokonzeka masiku awiri kapena atatu.

Kodi kuyezetsa kwamwazi wama biochemical ambiri kumachitika bwanji?

Mwa zofufuza zomwe zachitika, malo apadera ndi a kusanthula kwamomwe ammwazi. Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kafukufukuyu kumachitika nthawi. Kusanthula kwa magazi kumachitika kuchokera m'mitsempha, zomwe zimapezeka zamomwe zimapangidwira zimapangitsa kuzindikira pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimachitika mthupi la munthu.

Ndi masiku angati kuyezetsa magazi kwa biochemical komwe kutha kuwonedwa ndi dokotala.

Palibe malamulo apadera omwe angakonzekere mtundu uwu wamaphunziro. Ndipo masiku angati kuwunika kotereku kumachitika, kumangotchulidwa ndi mndandanda wazomwe zimapezeka ndi zinthu zam'magazi. Zotsatira, monga lamulo, zimatha kukhala zokonzekera zonse mkati mwa ola limodzi komanso mkati mwa mwezi. Ubongo wamagazi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'chipinda chilichonse chachipatala, chifukwa cha kafukufukuyu, zimapezeka kuti matendawa ndi okhudzana ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Iyi ndi njira yodalirika yokhazikitsira mitundu yambiri yamatenda kumayambiriro.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzeka

Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amati masiku ano palibenso kafukufuku wina wazoyambira kufufuza mayeso. Kafukufuku wopangidwa moyenera amathandizira adokotala kuti apange njira zina zowonjezera, kupereka mankhwala owonjezera kapena kusankha njira yothandizira. Kuyeza magazi zochuluka motani? Ndi njira ziti zofufuzira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi koyenera ndi chizindikiritso cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero zake. Izi zimathandizira adotolo kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa ndikuyamba kuchitapo kanthu.

Gwiritsani kuchipatala

Nzika zonse za Russia zili ndi inshuwaransi m'thumba la inshuwaransi ya mankhwala. Kudera lililonse kuli nthambi imodzi yokha ya inshuwaransi yachipatala yokakamiza, ndipo kuli zipatala ndi odwala ambiri. Chifukwa chake, thumba limatumizira ndalama zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mabungwe azachipatala a inshuwaransi omwe amalipira zipatala ndi zipatala zamankhwala anu. Kwa inu, ndi mfulu, koma kwenikweni amawalipira ndalama zanu.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ntchito zaulere kwaulere, muyenera kupeza inshuwaransi yokakamizidwa ndikudzipereka kuchipatala. Kumene ndi momwe mungapezere mfundo, tafotokozera kale mwatsatanetsatane munkhani ina.

Mitundu ya malamulo aku Russia okakamiza inshuwaransi yachipatala ya mtundu wakale ndi watsopano. Zonse ndi zovomerezeka

Aphatikize kuchipatala chapafupi ndi nyumbayo: zidzakhala zosavuta kuti mulumikizane ndi kumeneko. Simungasinthe chipinda chachipatala mosapitirira kamodzi pachaka, kupatula pokhapokha ngati mukusintha boma.

Kuti muphatikize ku chipatalachi, muyenera kutenga pasipoti, inshuwaransi yokakamizidwa ku chipatala, SNILS ndi makope a zolemba zitatuzi ndikulemba fomu yofunsira kwa registara wamkulu. Mutha kuyimbabe pulogalamu yamagetsi yophatikizira kudzera mu ntchito za boma - ku Moscow, ntchito yanga idalingaliridwa tsiku limodzi. Ngati chipatala akana kuvomerako, dandaula kwa Roszdravnadzor.

Kuchiritsa

Wodwala akalandira nthawi yoti aphunzire kapena fomu yokhala ndi zotsatirazo, amafunitsitsa kudziwa ngati zizindikirazo zili zabwinobwino kapena ngati ndikofunikira kukonzekera chithandizo. Yankho lomaliza la funsoli limaperekedwa ndi akatswiri omwe amapezekapo, komabe, aliyense angamvetsetse izi pang'ono - ndikokwanira kudziwa kufunikira kwa zowonetsa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo a chinthu chimodzi kapena china m'magazi.

Zizindikiro Zodziwika bwino za Hepatitis

Njira iyi yowunikira mkodzo imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa impso kuwongolera njira yoika ndende ndikuchotsa mkodzo kuchokera mthupi, ndipo makamaka, umayesa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amwedwa tsiku lililonse ndi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wothira pambuyo pake kwakanthawi. Phunziroli limachitika padera kwa nthawi yamasana ndi usiku.

Pali njira zitatu izi - zoyenera, zochepa komanso zochulukirapo.

Kutsimikiza kwa chiwindi kumachitika osati kuchipatala, komanso kunyumba mothandizidwa ndi mayeso owonetsa bwino. Mukufuna magazi kuchokera pachala, ndipo pakatha mphindi 15 zotsatira zodalirika pamanja.

Kuyesera mwachangu kwa matenda a chiwindi

Kuyesa kulikonse kwa magazi kumayikidwa ndi adotolo malinga ndi zomwe akuwonetsa. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kungoganiza nokha. Katswiri yekha ndi amene angayankhe yankho molondola komanso kupereka njira zamankhwala ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kuzindikira kuti pali kachiromboka sikungatheke popanda mayeso a labotale, i.e. kukhazikitsidwa kwake sikuloledwa pamaziko a mbiri yakale, umboni wa odwala komanso kuyang'ana kowonera. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kusanthula, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa kukhalapo kwa HIV kumachitika mu ma polyclinics aboma, ma labotale achinsinsi, komanso malo apadera olimbana ndi Edzi (omwe ali pafupifupi m'mizinda yonse ya Russia).

Zachipatala ndi malo ali ndi zipinda zapadera zomwe wodwalayo amapereka magazi kuti azindikire chitetezo cha mthupi. Munthu aliyense atha kuyesedwa, mosaganizira nzika ndi malo okhala.

Nthawi yonse yowerengera siipitilira mphindi 15-20. Katswiri adzafunsa mafunso angapo, kupatsa nambala yapadera kwa wodwalayo (kwa odzipereka osadziwika) ndikutenga magazi a venous. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukambirana naye pazinthu zosangalatsa.

Kuyesedwa kuzipatala za boma komanso m'malo apadera a Edzi ndi zaulere. Mtengo wa kafukufuku muma labotale achinsinsi umayikidwa kutengera njira yoyesera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mapeto pa kuyezetsa koyenera kwa kachirombo ka HIV akuphatikiza zotsatira za "zoipa" (pakalibe ma antibodies) kapena "Zabwino" (pakuzindikira ma antibodies). Ngati ma antibodies at the immunodeficiency virus apezeka, kupendanso kofunikira kumafunika.

Kufunikira kwa mayesowo ndi mtengo wake zimatengera malo osankhidwa payokha, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuyerekezera mabungwe angapo musanapereke magazi.

Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda m'thupi la munthu, kapena mopepuka, kachilombo ka HIV kamafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu chaka chilichonse. Kutenga kachirombo ka HIV sikunatchulidwe chifukwa cha matenda omwe anthu omwe amapangira jakisoni kapena omwe amakhala ndi moyo wogonana amakhala nawo. Ofufuza zamankhwala ochokera kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi akutenga nawo mbali pantchito yopanga chithandizo chokwanira ndi katemera.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa biochemistry kumatha kuchitika ngati kafukufuku wofufuza, kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa kuyambitsa koyambirira, komanso kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo alili. Potsogoza pofufuza mayeso am'magazi am'kati, dokotalayo akuwonetsa zizindikiro zomwe kufunikira kwa wodwalayo kuyenera kuwunikidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro chimodzi, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a plasma, kapena angapo, monga pa kuyesa kwa chiwindi.

Kuyesedwa kwa biochemical magazi ndikofunikira pamaso pa zovuta zamtunduwu:

• zolakwika za mtima kapena endocrine system,
• matenda a musculoskeletal system,
• matenda olowa
• mavuto ndi magawo osiyanasiyana am'mimba, makamaka m'mimba,
• matenda a impso ndi chiwindi
• matenda a plasma.

Kuti akhazikitse matenda moyenera, ndikofunikira kumayesa mayeso oyenera amunthu.

Dokotala yemwe amatumiza wodwalayo kuti awerenge za mitundu iwiri ya zamankhwala, amauza malamulo okonzekera ndi kuyeserera.

Ndiye mungatani kuti mupeze magazi oyeserera kuti mupeze zotsatira zosasinthika? Kumbukirani malingaliro a momwe mungaperekere magazi, ndikuwona momwe mungadziwitsire zolondola zokhudza thupi lanu.

Momwe mungapereke kuyezetsa magazi mosiyanasiyana:

• Masiku awiri mayeso asanachitike, zakudya zamafuta, zonunkhira, zamchere komanso zosuta, komanso zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga wambiri siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kumapangidwanso. Kutengera ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyesedwa kwa magazi osiyanasiyana, dokotala akhoza kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya zinthu.
• Tsiku lisanafike popereka magazi chifukwa cha zamankhwala am'thupi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kupewa kupsinjika ndi zokumana nazo zina zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika mu dongosolo la mahomoni.
• Musanapereke magazi, ndizosatheka kuti tsiku limodzi lipange mayeso a ultrasound, radiology, physiotherapeutic, popeza kuchokera ku maphunziro awa pali kusintha kwa magawo a plasma.

Zochita zina, monga kuchuluka kwa bilirubin kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga, zitha kufuna zina zowonjezera. Dokotala yemwe amafotokozera wodwalayo mayeso ayenera kupereka malangizo mwatsatanetsatane kuti akonzekere mayesowo.

Kuti zotsatira za mayeso zisasokeretsedwe ndi zinthu zopanda pake, wodwalayo patsiku la kusanthula ayenera kukwaniritsa malamulo otsatirawa:

• Mwazi wa biochemistry umaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Osachepera maola 12 ayenera kudutsa pakati pa chakudya ndi sampuli ya magazi pophunzira zamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, kusala kudya kwa maola opitilira 48 ndiosafunanso. Musanamwe magazi m'mawa, simuyenera kudya zakudya zilizonse komanso kumwa zakumwa zilizonse, kuphatikizapo madzi oyera.
• Mutha kumwa mankhwala aliwonse pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero komanso mwagwirizana ndi dokotala, chifukwa zamankhwala amwazi mu nkhani iyi amasintha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti tichotseretu mankhwala ena mthupi, zitha kutenga masiku angapo, choncho nkhaniyi iyenera kukambidweratu ndi adokotala.
• Musanapereke magazi, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti musute kwa mphindi zosachepera 40-60, chifukwa chikonga chimakhudza thupi ndikupanga zinthu zina zomwe zimapanga zinthu zambiri, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
• Tengani plasma iyenera kukhala pamalo abata. Ngakhale mutachedwa kukayezetsa, simuyenera, kunja kupuma, kupita ku labotale. Ndikofunika kukhala m'chipinda cholandirira kwa mphindi zosachepera 15 musanadutse kusanthula mpaka kuwerenga kwa plasma kubwerera.
• Pakusintha, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala pansi kapena kugona, m'malo abata.
• Kodi magazi amachokera m'mitsempha kapena chala? Kwa phunziroli, magazi okha ndi omwe amatengedwa kuchokera ku mitsempha yotumphera. Ndikosavuta kwambiri kutenga zitsanzo kuchokera kumitsempha ya ulnar. Komabe, ngati izi sizingatheke, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chovulala kapena kuwotcha m'manja, ndiye kuti lamulolo limatengedwa kuchokera kumitsempha kumapeto pang'ono kapena padzanja.
• Musanayankhe gawo la khungu pamalo omwe magazi amatengedwa, pukutani ndi yankho la antiseptic. Nthawi zambiri, yankho la ethyl mowa kapena hydrogen peroxide limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa.
• Kutenga magazi, gwiritsani ntchito syringe yosalala kapena njira yapadera yopezera magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha. Kuwunikaku kumatengedwa kokha ndi wothandizira wa labotale wodziwa ntchito.
• Gawo losankhidwa lamitsempha kuchokera m'mitsempha yokhala ndi voliyumu pafupifupi 5-10 ml imayikidwa mu chubu chouma komanso chosalala, ndikukutumiza kuti akamuyeze

Zotsatira zake zakonzeka mwachangu mokwanira. Nthawi yofunikira yothandizira labotale kuti muwonetsere zizindikiro zomwe zapezedwa nthawi zambiri sizidutsa maola angapo.

Ngati dokotala akuwunikira kuwunikiranso mobwerezabwereza kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kuti athe kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, ndikofunika kuchita nawo mu labotale yomweyo. Ngati kusanthula konse kudzachitika pazida zomwezo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents omwewo, ndiye kuti kuyerekeza kwawo kudzakhala kolondola komanso kolondola. Kuunika koyenera kwamankhwala am'magazi kudzakhala maziko okuwonetsa wodwalayo.

Phunziro lanyumba lofulumira komanso lapamwamba kwambiri kuti mupeze ma antibodies ku virus ya hepatitis. Kugwiritsa ntchito magazi kuchokera chala, chotsatira chake chimakhala chokonzeka mumphindi khumi ndi zisanu.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi. Njira yamagazi imatengedwanso kuchokera pachala ndi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndipo njira yofufuzira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda ashuga. Koma odwala opitirira zaka makumi anayi amachitika pafupipafupi ndipo samatengera kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga zakonzeka pasanathe tsiku limodzi.

Malo apadera pakati pa diagnostics ndi kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nthawi yochulukirapo kuchitidwa kafukufuku kumakhalanso kovuta kudziwa. Kuphatikiza kwa magazi kumachokera m'mitsempha, mawonekedwe ofunikira amomwe amachititsa kuti azindikire pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la munthu.

Kuzindikira kwachilonda cha hepatitis, njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera chibwenzi ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi zamankhwala ambiri. Kotero kuchuluka kwa kuyezetsa kwa hepatitis kumachitika, komanso malamulo ati omwe akuyenera kuwunikidwa musanathe mayeso.

Ngati mukufunikira kudziwa momwe thupi lanu lilili, kuti mupeze matenda obisika malinga ndi zomwe muli nazo, funsani kuchipatala. Ma labotala azachipatala pakadali pano si achilendo, amakhala ofala mumzinda uliwonse ndipo amaimiridwa ndi amodzi kapena awiri.

Mwina mukukhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono momwe mungapezere matenda opangira maabara, kenako lemberani kuchipatala, komwe dokotala angakupatseni kuti mupite ku labotale yapafupi kwambiri, labotale nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku chipatala.

• Dziko lotopa kwambiri,
• Kutentha kudumphira m'mwamba,
• Zing'amba m'thupi mwanjira ya Rubella (chotupa tating'ono),
• Kusintha khungu pakhungu (kuphatikizapo manja),
• Masamba achikasu a sclera, mucous nembanemba, mapuloteni amaso,
• Kuchepetsa chidwi
• Kuwonongeka kwa thanzi lonse,
• Kokani, kukoka kupweteka mu hypochondrium yoyenera,
• Kusowa tulo usiku
• Kugona tulo masana,
• Mphekesera
• Zowawa pamkamwa,
• Kusintha (mwina kusakanikirana ndi bile)
• Kusintha kwamkodzo mumtundu wakuda (kukhalapo kwa bile),
• Decolorization wa ndowe (bile limadutsa kwamkodzo ziwalo),
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa
• Kuchepa kwaumoyo
• Kuyanjana pakati
• Kutuluka kwa magazi (mphuno, hemorrhoidal).
• Mndandanda wa mankhwala mankhwalawa a chiwindi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana
• Amixin
• Baraclude
• Altevir
• Vero Ribavirin
• Viferon
• Gepabene
• Galstena
• Gepral
• Hepar Compositum,
• Imunofan
• Isoprinosine,
• Zeffix
• Intron
• Interferon
• Carsil
• Livolin,
• Pegasis
• Molixan
• Pegintron
• Reaferon
• Nthula wamkaka
• Rebetol
• Ribavirin
• Rehydron
• Sebyo
• Cycloferon,
• Hofitol
• Ursosan
• Sinthani Factor,
• Enterosgel
• Chofunikira Forte N,
• Phosphogliv,
• Essliver Forte.

Kuyesa kwa Matenda a Hepatitis: Zimatenga Nthawi Yaitali Motani?

Dziwitsani kunyumba, koma ndi kafukufuku wotere, mabakiteriya a treponema otumbuluka amapezeka. Amalankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda (syphilis) mwa anthu.Magazi amatengedwanso kuchokera pachala, ndipo zotsatira zake zakonzeka mu mphindi 10-15.

Ndi mayeso a magazi a syphilis (mayeso a labotale), mayankho ali okonzeka m'masiku anayi mpaka asanu ndi awiri, komanso kuyezetsa magazi kwa hepatitis, serological ndi enzyme yolumikizidwa ndi immunosorbent assay - masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka anayi. Kafukufuku wokhudza heentatic system amawonetsa zotsatira m'masiku awiri. Koma kuchuluka kwa kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumachitika bwanji ndi maphunziro a mahomoni, adokotala omwe amapezekapo ayenera kunena.

Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kochitidwa chotupa cha ma tumor molondola sikungadziwike. Zimatengera mtundu wa khansa. Khansa yamtundu uliwonse imatulutsa antigen yake (cholembera khansa), mwachitsanzo, AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), hCG (chorionic gonadotropin ya anthu), PSA (prostate-enieni antigen), CEA (khansa ya embryonic antigen), CA-125 (chikhomo cha khansa yamchiberekero), CA 15-3 (chotupa cham'mawere), CA 19-9 (mucin-sialo-glycolipid, chikhomo cha khansa ya pancreatic).

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa gulu ndikudziwona matenda

Kuwerengera kwa magazi konse - kuchokera pachala. Kusanthula kwamayikidwe am'thupi - kuchokera m'mitsempha.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kambiri - dzinalo limanenanso za kusanthula wamba komwe kumatha kuwonetsa momwe thupi liliri. Malo oyambira adotolo adzakhala zotsatira zomwe zimawonetsa kukhalapo, kupezeka kwa njira zotupa mthupi, kuzindikira kwa matenda.

Kuyesa kwa magazi am'magazi - momwe mungawerengere ziwalo zonse za anthu. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi m'magazi kumatha kuzindikira bwino chiwindi, kapamba, impso. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa biochemistry kumapereka chithunzi chowonekera cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ofunikira amthupi.

Kuyesedwa Kwa Magazi A shuga - Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuyesa shuga. Monga prophylaxis yolimbana ndi matenda a shuga omwe amatha, nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi kupitirira. Matenda a endocrine dongosolo awonetsanso kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga.

Kusanthula pamomwe magazi amapangidwira - mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi magazi kuwonetsa coagulogram, hemostasiogram pakuwunikira.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa zotupa - kuyesedwa kwa kupezeka kwa khansa kumatha kuzindikira mapuloteni am'minyewa yotupa. Kuzindikira khansa yapanthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti matenda asanakwane.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi a Serological - kuzindikira kwa ma antibodies matenda opatsirana, kuphatikizapo hepatitis kwa causative wothandizira wa matendawa. Gulu lamwazi wamunthu limakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula uku.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa immunological - kumakhazikitsa mitundu yambiri, maselo chitetezo chathupi m'thupi la munthu. Ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Kusanthula kwakhazikitsidwa potsatira puloteni ya immunoglobulin, kusintha kwa boma komwe kumatsimikizira mkhalidwe wosachiritsika, kapena chikhalidwe chamatenda a matenda.

Mwa njira yofufuzira zasayansi yofufuza kupezeka kwa ma antibodies a hepatitis A.

Anti-HAV-IgM, ma antibodies a IgM kupita ku hepatitis A.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuti kupezeke kwa antibodies a hepatitis A akutengedwa kuti azindikire matenda omwe apezeka kale, kapena momwe mawonekedwe amtunduwu wapezekera.

Zizindikiro zamatenda zikayamba kuwoneka, ma antibodies a IgM amatha kupezeka. Kuphatikizika kwawo kumawonjezera masiku 30 kumapeto kwa matendawa ndipo amachepetsa kwambiri, ndikamawerenga kawirikawiri.

Hepatitis A mayeso amachitika:

1. Kindergarten wokhala ndi ana ambiri olumikizana nawo,
2. Kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi hepatitis A virus (achibale apamtima, abwenzi, gulu kuntchito),
3. Ndili ndi chizindikiro cha AlAt ndi AsAt chozindikira kale,
4. Ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi hepatitis.
5. Kusanthula kumatenga tsiku limodzi.
6. Zotsatira zabwino ndizo kupezeka kwa ma antibodies.
7. Zotsatira zoyipa - ma antibodies mu kuchuluka kwamilingo kulibe.

Kuyesa kwa Hepatitis B kwa antibodies a anti-HBs ku hepatitis B HIV HBs antigen. Ma antibodies akapezeka kuti ndi okwera, kuyezetsa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino (matenda a hepatitis B). Maonekedwe a ma antibodies m'magazi amawonetsa mawonekedwe a matendawa mu mawonekedwe owopsa.

1. Mitu - tsiku limodzi.
2. Kusanthula kumaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pafupifupi maola 8-9 musanayambe kusanthula, chakudya chomaliza.

Mwa njira yoyezetsa magazi a labotale, kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ku hepatitis C antigen (Anti-HCV-okwana) kutsimikiza. Zotsatira zake zimawoneka zabwino ngati ma antigen omwe apatsidwa ali m'magazi a wodwala. Fomu ya pachimake, gawo loyamba la maphunziro a mawonekedwe amtunduwu, imayamba sabata lachinayi, lachisanu matenda atalowa m'magazi.

Kusanthula kwa zamankhwala kumachitika malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa:

• Zizindikiro matenda a chiwindi hepatitis,
• Mbiri ya AlAt, AsAT,
• Kudzinyenga kwa makolo,
• Pa nthawi yoyembekezera
• Khalidwe lonyansa pogonana.

Zotsatira za kusanthula zakonzeka mu limodzi, masiku awiri antchito.

Zotsatira zoyipa za kusanthula kungakhale - masabata angapo a 6 a nthawi ya makulidwe a chiwindi C ndi mawonekedwe owoneka, mawonekedwe.

Phunziro limayikidwa ngati wodwala wanena za kukula kwa matenda a khansa. Kafukufuku wodziwika ngati zotupa zimatenga tsiku limodzi mpaka khumi. Zimatengera komwe chotupa, kukula kwake. Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa oncology, dokotala yemwe akupezekapo akutsimikizira kapena kukana zonenedwerako, malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa, kupereka mankhwala.

Kafukufuku nthawi zambiri amachitidwa muma labotale azachipatala, komwe kuli zida ndi zida zofunika kuzitsimikizira.

Miyezo yamakalaka chotupa

Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mupeze zotsatira za kuwunika kwamomweku. The biomaterial yatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha, chifukwa chake mutha kuwona momwe ma pathological akuchitika m'thupi, komanso momwe akukhudzidwira.

Pankhani yakukonzekera phunziroli, titha kunena kuti palibe kusiyana kuchokera pakubweretsa kuwunika kwapadera. Ndipo ngati tilingalira funso loti masiku angati zotsatira zakukonzekera, ndiye kuti zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe adawerengedwa.

Kuyeserera kumawonetsa kuti mutha kupeza yankho pambuyo pa ola limodzi, komanso mwezi umodzi. Kusanthula kwa biochemistry nkofala. Zimafunikira kuphunzirira kayendedwe ka immunological, biochemical ndi mahomoni m'thupi la munthu momwe mumalephera.

Miyezo yofufuza zamitundu mitundu

Bilirubin atha kupezeka m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Kuti muwunikenso, biomaterial imachotsedwa chala. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chosiyana ndi zamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mupeza zotsatira zake tsiku lotsatira. Koma ngati tikulankhula za polyclinic ya boma, pomwe zizindikiro zina zimayesedwa nthawi yomweyo, njirayi imayenda kwa milungu ingapo.

Mwachinsinsi, magazi a bilirubin amatha kuperekedwa mu labotale iliyonse. Koma chifukwa cha njirayi muyenera kulipira kuchokera ku ma ruble 100 mpaka 300. Ngati timakambirana za kuphunzira mkodzo - 200-250 rubles. Apa akufotokozera mwachangu liwiro la kusanthula ndi mtundu wa yankho. Zachipatala zamakono zachitetezo zimapereka kuyankha pamasamba a bungwe, potumiza maimelo kapena mwayi wodziyankha pawokha. Zonse zimatengera kulakalaka ndi kuthekera kwa wodwala.

Kusanthula kwa TSH kwakonzeka masiku angapo.

Kuzindikira syphilis kapena kudziwa momwe Wasserman angathere, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:

1. Kuzindikiritsa treponema.
2. Zizindikiro zosadziwika za kupezeka kwake.

Zitsanzo za biomaterial zowunikira zimachitika kuchokera pachilonda kapena kachilombo. Mulimonsemo, phunziroli liziwonetsa kuwoneka koyambirira kwa matenda.

Koma pali lingaliro: kusanthula kwa serological kuyenera kuchitika masiku 8-9 atadwala. Mukangogonana, kuchita izi kulibe ntchito.

Ma microscopy amdima lakuda ndi njira yachangu komanso yodalirika yodziwira ngati munthu akudwala syphilis kapena ayi. Zotsatira zimadziwika patsiku. Koma munthawi yotupa kwambiri, ndikutuluka magazi (ndikutuluka magazi) ndi njira yochiritsira yakunja, treponemas ndizosatheka.

Borreliosis ndimatenda a epolysystemic achibadwa achilengedwe, opatsirana kudzera mwa kuluma. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira matendawa. Zizindikiro sizimawonekera kawirikawiri. Koma m'malo olumidwa, mudzawona kuwonekeranso kwina.

Mukamaphunzira mkodzo, magawo ake amthupi ndi mankhwala amawululidwa: mchere wosungunuka, kukhalapo kwa magazi, mapuloteni, microflora ndi ena. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mudziwe izi zimadalira aliyense payekha. Monga lamulo, mutapatsa mayeso a mkodzo m'mawa, chotulukacho chimakonzekera m'maola ochepa, koma nthawi zina zimatha kutenga masiku angapo kuti muwone mkodzo.

Munthu aliyense amathandizira mosiyanasiyana kuti alowe mu kayendedwe kabwino ka tizinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana. Zina zonse zokhudzana ndi kutenga kachilombo ka HIV zimadziwika chifukwa cha kusinthika kwakabadwa kwa majini, choncho nthawi zina, othandizira osiyanasiyana amkhalidwe amasiyana. Kutengera ndi nthawi kuyambira nthawi yomwe matenda atengedwa, kufulumira kupeza zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi ka HIV, kapena chifukwa cha zina, njira zosiyanasiyana zasayansi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze kachilomboka.

Ndi mitundu iti yoyezetsa magazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka chitetezo cha mthupi, ndipo kuyesedwa kwa HIV kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Zomwe zili bwino kuchita kuyesedwa kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi zimatengera zinthu zambiri. Zowoneka bwino, ngati lingaliro la momwe mungakonzekerere moyenera komanso njira yosankhira njira yodziwira matenda ounikidwa ndi dokotala waluso.

Mitundu ya mayeso a HIV ndi awa:

1. Machitidwe a polymerase.
2. Olumikizidwa ndi Enzyme-immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
3. Katemera.
4. Kuyeserera mwachangu kwa HIV.

• mapuloteni onse, albumin, glycated hemoglobin, C-yogwira komanso mitundu ina ya mapuloteni,
• mitundu yonse ya michere kuphatikiza lactate ndi lipase,
• cholesterol ndi lipids zina,
• fructosamine ndi shuga
• bilirubin wamba komanso mwachindunji,
• asafe ndi zinthu zina, mavitamini.

• kuyezetsa magazi konse
• kutsimikiza kwamtundu wamagazi,
• kuyesedwa mwachangu kwa kutsimikiza kwa chiwindi, syphilis ndi HIV.

Ndi mayeso angati amtundu wa lamblia okonzeka?

Phunziroli limaperekedwa chifukwa cha njira ya ELISA (enzyme-integrated immunosorbent assay). Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kwambiri, ma antibodies opita ku giardia amapezeka. Tizilombo timadzimva tokha mumasabata angapo; kusanthula koyambirira sikungawawonetse.

Pali njira zina zokonzekera kusanthula:

• Maola khumi musanachite njirayi, pewani zakumwa, mowa, kupatula madzi akumwa wamba,
• biomaterial imatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• Masiku 14 zisanachitike, siyani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala anthelmintic,
• masiku atatu lisanawunitsidwe nkoletsedwa kudya yokazinga, tsabola, kusuta, zakudya zamchere komanso zamafuta.

Zofunika! Kuwunikira kwa lamblia sikumachitika pambuyo poyesedwa kwa X-ray, chemotherapy, kapena colonoscopy.

Zochita zimawonetsa kuti matendawa amadwala ali mwana.

Kuwononga Mimba

Kuyeza ndi kuyeserera komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwira kupatuka kwa tsogolo la mahomoni mukabereka mwana. Kuopsa kwa kubadwa mwatsopano kwa mwana kumatsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo: Down syndrome kapena Edward. Kujambula kwa Ultrasound kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa hCG. Chidziwitso chimadziwika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa izi zimawonekera kwa othandizira zasayansi nthawi yomweyo. Chidziwitso chonse chimadzazidwa mu kadi tsiku lomwelo.

Kuyeza ndi kuyeserera komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwira kupatuka kwa tsogolo la mahomoni mukabereka mwana. Kuopsa kwa kubadwa mwatsopano kwa mwana kumatsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo: Down syndrome kapena Edward. Kujambula kwa Ultrasound kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa hCG. Chidziwitso chimadziwika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa izi zimawonekera kwa othandizira zasayansi nthawi yomweyo.Chidziwitso chonse chimadzazidwa mu kadi tsiku lomwelo.

Zizindikiro zakuwerengera

Bilirubin atha kupezeka m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Kuti muwunikenso, biomaterial imachotsedwa chala. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chosiyana ndi zamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mupeza zotsatira zake tsiku lotsatira. Koma ngati tikulankhula za polyclinic ya boma, pomwe zizindikiro zina zimayesedwa nthawi yomweyo, njirayi imayenda kwa milungu ingapo.

Mwachinsinsi, magazi a bilirubin amatha kuperekedwa mu labotale iliyonse. Koma chifukwa cha njirayi muyenera kulipira kuchokera ku ma ruble 100 mpaka 300. Ngati timakambirana za kuphunzira mkodzo - 200-250 rubles. Apa akufotokozera mwachangu liwiro la kusanthula ndi mtundu wa yankho. Zachipatala zamakono zachitetezo zimapereka kuyankha pamasamba a bungwe, potumiza maimelo kapena mwayi wodziyankha pawokha. Zonse zimatengera kulakalaka ndi kuthekera kwa wodwala.

Phunziroli limaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa misempha yamagazi. Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuti musatsotse mano anu tsiku lotsatira. Zowonadi, pankhaniyi, yankho lingapendeke.

Mwazi wamagazi

Madokotala amapereka chithandizo chotere kwa wodwala ndi zomwe zimayambira matenda ashuga, ndipo kwa anthu atatha zaka makumi anayi, kuwunika kumachitika nthawi zonse mukamayesedwa.

Mutha kudziwa zotsatira za yankho tsiku lotsatira.

Monga lamulo, kusanthula kungathe kudutsidwa mwachangu, kapena,, pezani zotsatira za kuyesedwa polumikizana ndi labotale apadera. Kuti mupeze njira yachangu yodziwitsira matenda a hepatitis amtundu wina, matenda ena, muyenera kuwonongera ndalama zambiri pakufunika kofufuza mozama.

Mwazi wamagazi

Kutalika kwa magazi mozama momwe magazi amapangidwira kumachitika motengera nthawi yayitali ndipo kungatenge 1 ora mpaka masiku 14. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale zimakhudzanso kuthamanga komwe zotsatira zimapezeka.

Kusintha kwina kulikonse kwamapangidwe amtundu wa mankhwala kumawonetsa kufunikira koyezetsa munthu kwathunthu.

Nthawi yopeza zotsatira za phunziroli zimatengera cholinga cha matendawo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa LHC kumachitika pambuyo pakupanga kafukufuku woyamba. Nthawi zambiri, matenda am'mbuyomu adadziwika kale, kapena adokotala akuwatsimikizira kuti anali okayikira, ndipo amangofunika kutsimikizira kuti ayambe kulandira chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo akamadalitsa zomwe zimawerengedwa, posakhalitsa zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzeka.

Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika pa biochemistry kumakhala kovuta kuyankha, popeza nthawi iyi zimatengera zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuzindikira momwe thupi limapangidwira, immunological and biochemical background, kudziwa magawo oyamba a matenda.

Nthawi yopeza zotsatira za phunziroli zimatengera cholinga cha matendawo.

A urinalysis amalembedwera pakadutsa mayeso a kuchipatala kuti ateteze ma pathologies omwe ali ndi maphunziro aposachedwa, komanso kuwunikira mphamvu ya njira yochiritsidwira.Nkhaniyi ikufotokozerani momwe mayesowa amayendera komanso kangati urinalysis amachitidwa, kutengera njira.

Mendulo ndi chinthu chomaliza chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kwamikodzo mthupi la munthu. Muli ndimadzi ndi ma organic mankhwala omwe amasungunuka mkati mwake (mchere, ma slags osiyanasiyana). Ngati munthu akudwala, mkodzo umakhala ndi magazi, mapuloteni, shuga ndi zinthu zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri siziyenera kukhalapo.

Kutalika kwa kafukufuku wowerengeka wa mkodzo kumatengera njira ndi cholinga cha phunziroli. Kusanthula kulikonse kumachitika kuchipatala ndi akatswiri oyenerera. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti musangotunga madzi bwino, komanso kuti muwasunge molondola, ndikuperekanso kuchipatala panthawi.

Ndikofunika kuti muyang'ane ndi dokotala mfundo izi:

• momwe mungatolere nkhaniyi
• Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula,
• mawu ndi kusungidwa kwa mkodzo,
• njira yofufuzira ndi nthawi yanthawi yopezera zotsatirazo.

Nthawi zambiri, mayeso a chizolowezi amachitika mkati mwa maola 24; njira zina zimafuna kuyesedwa kwamkodzo kwa masiku angapo.

Kodi mukuonabe kuti ndizovuta kuchiritsa impso zanu?

Poona kuti mukuwerenga mizereyi, kupambana pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda a chiwindi sikudali kumbali yanu ...

Ndipo mudaganizapo kale za opaleshoni? Ndizomveka, chifukwa chiwindi ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe ake oyenera ndi chinsinsi cha thanzi komanso thanzi.
Mseru ndi kusanza, khungu la chikasu kapena imaso, kuwawa mkamwa, mkodzo wakuda ndi m'mimba ... Zizindikiro zonsezi mumazidziwa nokha.

Poona kuti mukuwerenga izi tsopano, kupambana polimbana ndi matenda a impso sikudali kumbali yanu ...

Ndipo mudaganizapo kale za opaleshoni? Ndizomveka, chifukwa impso ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito awo ndi chinsinsi cha thanzi komanso thanzi. Kufooka, kutupa, kuchepa kwa chakudya, kupweteka m'mbuyo komanso kupweteka pang'ono msana ... Zizindikiro zonsezi mumazidziwa nokha.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula

Kudalirika kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la matenda (mwachitsanzo, poyambira, gawo loyambira la immunosorbent silingazindikire zizindikiro za matenda). Kusiyidwa komaliza kwa HIV kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira zoyesa ziwiri.

Magazi amaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuwonjezera apo, kukonzekera kwapadera kumafunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kukana kugwiritsa ntchito:

• zakudya zamafuta, zonunkhira komanso zamchere,
• mankhwala oledzera
• kusuta
• khofi ndi koloko
• mankhwala.

Zachilengedwe zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha - 5 ml ya magazi ndikokwanira kuchita kafukufuku.

Kutengera kwa Polymerase Chain ku HIV

Kuyesedwa kwa PCR kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumatengera kudzipatula kwa ma molekyulu a RNA ndi DNA ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Tizidutswa ta plasma yamagazi timakonzedwa m'njira yapadera kuti tiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a pathogen, kupezeka kwawo ndi gulu. Machitidwe a polymerase amathandizira ngakhale mamolekyulu amodzi a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwonekere mwachitsanzo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa magazi m'magazi a HIV, ndikotheka kudziwa tizilomboti tikamadwala matendawa, kachilombo kasanayambitse matenda oopsa. Poyambirira pasanathe masiku 10 kuchokera tsiku lotenga matenda. PCR yeniyeni imakupatsani mwayi woti mukalandire zotsatira tsiku lomwe mukayezetsa magazi chifukwa cha HIV, mutangotenga mphindi 20-60 mutatha kutenga phunzirolo. Kodi kuyezetsa magazi kwa PCR masiku angati? Kuzindikira koteroko kumachitika pakapita masiku awiri kapena khumi.

Envomere yolumikizidwa ndimatenda a HIV

ELISA imasanthula plasma yamagazi yotenga kachirombo ka HIV ndikumazindikira kwa ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa ngati yankho pakuyambitsa kwa kachilomboka mthupi. Kuti yambitsa gawo lamanyazi, nthawi yomwe ma antibodies apangidwe, chitetezo cha mthupi chingafunike kuyambira masiku 5 mpaka 7.Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, kuyezetsa magazi kwa ELISA kwa HIV kumayesedwa masabata 3-6 pambuyo poti wapezeka ndi matendawo.

Kodi kudalirika kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndikwanthawi yayitali bwanji? Kulondola kwa diagnostics a ELISA kuli pafupifupi 100%, kupatula ochepa milandu osayenera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo. Zotsatira zosadalirika zitha kuwonetsedwa chifukwa chosakonzekera bwino mayeso a magazi chifukwa cha kachilomboka.

Ngati munthu wadwala posachedwa ndi chimfine, wadwala ma oncology kapena matenda ena akulu. M'mabotolo aboma, kuyezetsa magazi m'magazi a HIV kungakonzekere kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka 9. M'makliniki azinsinsi, njirayi imatenga nthawi yochepa kwambiri.

Katemera

Immunoblotte ndiwowonjezera momwe magazi amaperekera kachilombo ka HIV. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati munthu atapeza zotsatira zabwino pambuyo pa ELISA. Njira yotsimikizira imaphatikiza ukadaulo wa enzyme wolumikizidwa ndi immunosorbent assay ndi electrophoresis. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti Katemera akhale wofunikira ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika a ELISA, cholinga chake ndikuti asadziwe kachilombo kena kake, koma kungoyankha kwa chitetezo chathupi, ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa ma antibodies kwa a causative agent a HIV. Immunoblot reagents amachita monga "antigen-antibody" dongosolo lofanana ndi ELISA ku HIV.

Kodi kuyezetsa magazi zochuluka motani kaamba ka kachiromboka? Gawo lokonzekera kafukufuku wotsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito immunoblot zimadalira malo ozindikira. Mabungwe azachipatala aboma amatenga kuyezetsa magazi m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zopempha, mwa njira, kafukufukuyu amatenga masiku awiri mpaka atatu mpaka masabata angapo. Malo odziwitsa anthu mwachinsinsi, monga lamulo, akhoza kupereka chithandizo chokwanira komanso kuthamanga kwa zotsatira.

Kodi kusanthula kwakukulu kumachitika motani?

Pa kuyezetsa magazi, katswiri wa zasayansi yemwe akuwunikira ayenera:

• Werengani mtundu wa leukocyte formula.
• Dziwani kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi.
• Tsatirani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa.

Pankhani ya kusanthula kwamankhwala am'magazi, nthawi yovomerezeka imakwera mpaka miyezi itatu, koma kuyezetsa magazi kumatenga masiku 3-20.

Tanthauzo la gulu la magazi ndikukhazikitsa kwa gulu la magazi ena malinga ndi dongosolo la AB0 (a, b, zero). Phunziro lotere limagwiritsidwa ntchito isanachitike njira yoika magazi komanso panthawi ya pakati. Komanso kukhazikitsa hematological matenda akhanda komanso pokonzekera opareshoni. Mwazi umayenda kuchokera m'mitsempha, nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zotsatira zitha kupezeka mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri.

Amasonyezedwa chifukwa cha matenda otupa chiwindi, cholecystitis, matenda a ndulu, mawonekedwe amtundu wa hepatitis, panthawi yochira.

Ndi chakudya ichi, mapuloteni okwera amawerengedwa. Mafuta ndi chakudya zimafanana ndi chizolowezi patsiku pazofunikira za thupi. Kupatula pachakudya ichi ndi zinthu zofunikira, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunika. Mafuta owonjezera. Zokazinga, zosuta. Zinthu zomwe zili ndi cholesterol yambiri, purine.

Kuyamba kwamasamba ndi zipatso ku chakudya kumayikidwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti choleretic ikhale bwino, ntchito yabwino yamatumbo, kukhala ndi mphamvu yochotsa cholesterol, poizoni m'thupi. Chakumwa chochuluka ndi madzi amchere, ndi msuzi wa rosehip. Kuletsa kwam'magulu zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso, chonde lemberani akatswiri athu

Kuchokera pamalingaliro azachipatala, njira yolondola komanso yofufuzira yophunzirira kuposa kuyesa magazi mpaka pano kulibe. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zamankhwala amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone ma pathologies, matenda ndi zonyansa pakupanga mahomoni, maselo amwazi, ndi zina zambiri.Zomwe zimasanthula, kuthamanga kwa kupeza zotsatira kudzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyo.

Pankhaniyi, ndikulondola kwambiri kunena, osati patadutsa nthawi yochuluka bwanji kuyeza magazi, koma kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka komwe kungatenge. Kwa zipatala zachinsinsi - sabata. Bungwe lachipatala la manesi lifunika masiku 14.

Phunziro la Edzi limafotokoza zachinsinsi, chifukwa chake yankho limanenedwa payekhapayekha. Ngati wodzipereka wodziwika akuyembekezeka - wopanda mayina oyamba ndi omaliza, mutha kudziwa zotsatira za foni, kumanzere pasadakhale, kapena imelo.

Kuyesedwa kwa HIV

Kwa zipatala za boma, mayeso onse azachipatala, kuphatikizira kuwunika kwa chitetezo chokwanira cha munthu, ali mfulu. Pabungwe loyimira payekha - ndalama kuchokera 300 mpaka 9,000 ma ruble. Ndondomeko yamitengo imatengera mtundu wamaphunziro ndi kuthamanga kwa kudziwa zotsatira.

Chifukwa chiyani amapereka magazi kuti apange shuga?

Pankhani ya kulephera kwa pancreatic, kuchulukitsa kapena kusowa kwa shuga kungapangike, omwe nawonso ndi owopsa.

Izi zimachitika ndi matenda ashuga, ma pathologies ena a endocrine system, komanso atatha kumwa mankhwala ena ake. Komanso azimayi oyembekezera amatha kudanenedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chodziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi kulephera kwa mahomoni, matenda a shuga amatha.

Munthu wathanzi amalangizidwa kuchita kusanthula zaka zitatu zilizonse. Anthu opitilira zaka 45, onenepa kwambiri komanso omwe ali ndi vuto lotayirira ayenera kuunika magazi awo kamodzi pachaka.

Amayi ayenera kuchita izi pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso atabereka mwana, pomwe mwana amayamwa. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuwonetsa hypo- kapena hyperglycemia.

Onetsetsani kuti mwayesedwa ngati muli ndi:

Ndondomeko ya OMS pafoni

Kukuthandizani ndi inshuwaransi, chipatala ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwake. Kupereka mwakuthupi ndikusankha, ingokhala ndi chithunzi pafoni.

Ngati mulibe tsatanetsatane wa ndondomeko ya MHI, itanani kampani ya inshuwaransi yomwe idapereka ndalamayo. Ngati simukukumbukira dzina la inshuwaransi, yang'anani pa intaneti kuti mupeze nambala ya thumba la inshuwaransi yachipatala yomwe mudapatsidwa lamulo, ndikuwona.

Zosiyanasiyana zamayeso amalebhu ndi kufunika kwawo kwamankhwala

Kuphatikiza pa maziko, omwe amasankha kuchuluka kwa shuga, pali mitundu ingapo ya kusanthula.

Mu ma labotale, magazi amafufuzidwa:

1. kuchuluka kwa shuga. Uku ndiye kuyesa kofala, komwe kumayesedwa ngati njira yodzitetezera kapena ngati mukukayikira shuga wambiri kapena wotsika kwambiri. Mwazi umaperekedwa kuchokera kumsempha kapena kuchokera ku chala. Chofunikira ndikupereka magazi "pamimba yopanda kanthu" kuti asasokeretse zotsatira zake.
2. kulolerana kwa shuga (zolimbitsa thupi). Zili ndi magawo atatu. Loyamba ndi kuyezetsa shuga kokhazikika, kenako wodwalayo amapatsidwa madzi okoma kuti amwe ndipo mobwerezabwereza ola limodzi, amabwereza mayesowo. Imazindikira zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya,
3. C peptides. Amayesedwa kuti ayese magwiridwe antchito a maselo a beta, omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga insulin. Zimathandizanso akatswiri kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga,
4. mulingo wa fructosamine. Kuyeza kumeneku kumayesedwa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose pakatha milungu iwiri. Izi zimathandizira kumvetsetsa ngati shuga ikhoza kulipiriridwa ndi chithandizo, i.e. sungani shuga zomwe zili munthawi yoyenera,
5. glycated hemoglobin. Amakulolani kuti mufufuze hemoglobin, yomwe imapangidwa ndikuyenderana ndi shuga m'magazi. Gawani kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuti mufufuze chithandizo ndikuzindikira mitundu yobisika ya matenda ashuga (koyambirira),
6. kulekerera shuga. Magazi amaperekedwa chimodzimodzi ngati mayeso abwinobwino a shuga okhala ndi katundu,
7. lactate (lactic acid) mulingo. Lactic acid ndi omwe amachititsa kuti glucose agwe m'maselo. Mu thupi lathanzi, lactate imalowetsedwa ndi zimakhala. Kuyesaku kumadutsa, monga mayeso ambiri, pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera kusanthula kunyumba?

Pa kudalirika kwa zotsatirazi, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro omwe aliyense adauzidwa musanatenge zachilengedwe.

Malangizo amawoneka motere:

1. musanayambe kuyesa komanso osachepera maola 12 musanadye kuti m'mimba mulibe kanthu,
2. Kuletsedwa kumwa mowa tsiku lisanadutse,
3. Musanayesere mayeso, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse mano ndi milomo yokhala ndi mano kapena kutsuka thandizo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chingamu. Amatha kukhala ndi shuga, omwe amatha kulowa m'magazi ndikusintha zotsatira zake,
4. mukuyeneranso kuyambitsa choletsa cha tsiku ndi tsiku pa khofi, tiyi ndi zakumwa zotsekemera, komanso kupatula zonunkhira, mafuta, yokazinga ndi maswiti kuchokera pakudya panthawiyi.

Kodi shuga wa magazi amayesedwa bwanji?

Mafuta oyamba koyamba amayendera nthawi yomweyo akangobadwa. Kuti muchite izi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera, pangitsani chidendene cha mwana ndikutenga magazi okwanira.

Zitsanzo za magazi mwa odwala akuluakulu zimachitika m'mawa, pambuyo pake zimatumizidwa kuti zimupime.

Magazi a venous kapena capillary (kuyambira chala) ndioyenera ngati zida zothandizira. Kusiyana kochepa - magazi akulu ayenera kuperekedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, osachepera 5 ml.

Miyezo ya glucose ya magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha ndi chala imasiyananso. Poyamba, 6.1-6.2 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi wabwinobwino, ndipo wachiwiri, 3.3-5.5 mmol / L.

Kodi kuyezetsa magazi masiku angati mchipatala kumatenga masiku angati?

Bungwe lililonse lazachipatala limakhala ndi algorithm yofanana: theka loyamba la tsiku, magazi kuchokera kwa odwala amatengedwa kuti awunikidwe, ndiye kuti theka lachiwiri amawunikira.

Pakutha kwa tsiku lantchito, zotsatira zakonzeka, ndipo m'mawa amagawidwa m'maofesi a adotolo.

Kupatula timapangira malangizo okhawo "cito", omwe m'Chilatini amatanthauza "mwachangu." Zikatero, kusanthula kumachitika mopitilira muyeso pofuna kufulumizitsa kuperekera kwake. Mutha kudikirira zotsatira zake, mutakhala pakhonde pansi pa ofesi.

Kusanthula kwa labotale

Muyenera kuti mugule zofunikira izi: choperewera komanso chopukutira mowa.

Ku chipatala chachinsinsi, kuyesa kwama glucose koyambira mtengo kumachokera ku ma ruble 200, pakuyesa kwanu kwapadera muyenera kulipira kuchokera ku ma ruble 250.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wa kusanthula ungasiyane kutengera malo ndi mtengo wamagulu azachipatala.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Kodi amawerengera magazi bwanji? Yankho mu kanema:

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi njira yokhayo yopezera zotsatira zolondola kwambiri! Ngati njira ina, glucometer amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amapereka mwachangu, koma osati zotsatira zolondola kwambiri.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->

Kufufuza kwamankhwala kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Nthawi yakukonzekera kuyesedwa kwa magazi imatsimikizika kutengera mtundu wazidziwitso ndi mankhwala omwe othandizira ma labotale amagwiritsa ntchito. Kodi ndi kusanthula kotani komwe kumachitika maola angapo?

Zomwe zimapezeka phunzirolo zimathandizira adokotala kuwona kuchuluka kwa magawo onse a magazi. Wothandizira Laborator ayenera kuwerengera fomulo ya leukocyte, akuwonetsa momwe masokedwe a erythrocyte amachitikira.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kokwanira kumalimbikitsidwa ngati njira yodziwira matenda oyeserera, amaganiziridwa ngati ali ndi matenda opatsirana kapena otupa, panthawi yochizira.

Ndikosavuta kupanga njirayi, muyenera kulumikizana ndi a chipatala kapena malo opangira matenda, ndipo othandizira ma laboratori amatenga magazi kuchokera pachala. Zotsatira zakonzeka mkati mwa ola limodzi.

• Kutsimikiza kwamtundu wamagazi.

Matenda amtunduwu amakonzedwa mwachangu kwambiri, pamaso pa wodwala.Njirayi imatha kuchitika panthawi yolembetsera mkazi ali ndi pakati, asanachitidwe opareshoni. Magazi ofufuzira amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mankhwala amakono amapereka diagnostics osati mu ma laboratori. Kunyumba, kuyesedwa mwachangu kumatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa ndikulemba magazi. Kuzindikira koteroko kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ndipo kumakhala kolondola? Kuti muchite ndondomekoyi, mudzafunika mayeso owoneka bwino ndi magazi kuchokera chala. Zotsatira zodalirika zidzadziwika pambuyo pa mphindi 10-15.

• Tanthauzo la syphilis ndi Edzi.

Mu tsiku limodzi, mutha kuchita kafukufuku wokhudza kupezeka kwa syphilis ndi Edzi m'thupi la munthu. Kugwiritsanso ntchito mayeso owonetsa bwino, zomwe zotsatira zake zimadziwika mu mphindi 10-20. Zotsatira zokayikitsa, dokotala atha kulimbikitsa kuyesedwa.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuphunzira komwe kumatenga masiku angapo

Pali mayeso angapo omwe amafunikira kukonzekera mosamala ndi masiku angapo a kafukufuku.

Izi zodziwitsa ena:

• shuga m'magazi
• magazi a Edzi, syphilis,
• enzyme immunoassay and serological,
• kuzindikira kwa mahomoni
• chifukwa cha khansa
• kufufuza kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kodi mayeso ali pamwambawa atenga masiku angati? Zonse zimatengera njira zofufuzira ndi zida za mankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, masiku 1-2 ndi okwanira kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga, masiku 2 mpaka 10 amafunikira kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa chitetezo m'thupi. Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni angatenge masiku anayi mpaka 30.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala amafunsa funso kuti: Kodi zotsimikizira za zotupa zimayambira pati? Phunziro lotere limachitika ngati wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zomveka za khansa.

Zotsatira za phunziroli zakonzedwa kuyambira masiku 1 mpaka 10, zonse zimatengera komwe kuli neoplasm, kukula kwake. Kafukufuku wa chotupa amathandizira adotolo kuwona zoonekeratu za kukhalapo kwa matendawa ndikuwapatsa njira zowunikira kuti adziwe njira zamankhwala.

Kodi kuyezetsa magazi kwa biochemical kwachitika masiku angati? Zonse zimatengera zotsatira zomwe dokotala amafunikira, malinga ndi ziwerengero, nthawiyo imasiyanasiyana kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka 20. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ntchito ya ziwalo zomwe zimayang'anira mahomoni ndi chitetezo chamthupi zitha kutsimikizika.

Malangizo oyesa magazi

Madotolo akuti kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa magazi, mutha kudziwa bwinobwino momwe thupi liliri, kuwona kukula kwamatenda akulu kuchokera komwe adachokera. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, muyenera kukonzekera bwino ndondomekoyi.

1. Kwa sabata, muyenera kukana kumwa mankhwala aliwonse. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti dokotala yemwe akupezekapo amayenera kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amamwa, muyezo komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji.
2. Tsiku lisanafike phunziroli, muyenera kusiya zakudya zamafuta, zophika kapena zosuta.
3. Pasanathe maola 24, osamwa khofi kapena tiyi wamphamvu.
4. Njira iliyonse imakhala yolondola ngati ikuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika za kusanthula kwama biochemical, muyenera kukonzekera bwino ndunayo. Osamadya maola 6-8 musanayesedwe. Iwo omwe amasuta, ndikofunikira kuti maola 10 akane kusuta.

Masiku angapo phunziroli lisanachitike, muyenera kupewa:

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi njira imodzi yophunzitsira momwe thupi liliri. Mukamayesedwa ndi mayeso apachaka obwereza, mutha kupewa matenda oopsa ndikupanga njira zonse zodziwira matenda oyamba ndi chithandizo choyenera.

Mu chipatala

Ngati tikulankhula za kuyesa kwamagazi ambiri mu chipatalacho, chilichonse chiziwonetsa kuti ndi zida ziti zomwe zilimo.Ngati ndi zamakono, othandizira ma labotale sangatengeso ola limodzi kuti adziwe zambiri.

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zida zakale pachipatala kuti mufufuze zambiri, zingatenge maola atatu kuti zitheke. Komabe, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zoyesedwa zitha kupezeka mwachangu ngati zingafunike, m'mabungwe azachipatala ambiri kafukufukuyu amachitika pasanathe tsiku limodzi.

M'malo olemba antchito achinsinsi, zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachangu.

Tidasanthula masiku angati kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika.

Zachipatala kudera lina

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi pulogalamu ya inshuwaransi ya kukakamiza ku Moscow atapita kuchipatala ku Sochi, amalandila thandizo pokhapokha ngati atapereka pulogalamu yoyambira.

Pulogalamu yoyamba - Ili ndiye mndandanda wazachipatala chaulere chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'dziko lonselo.

Madera amavomereza mndandanda wowonjezera wautumiki waulere - amatchedwa mapulogalamu a dziko lapansi. Zitha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati ndondomeko yanu ya MHI idaperekedwa ndi dera lomwe lidatsata pulogalamuyi.

Mwachitsanzo, Muscovite Vladimir amakhala kwakanthawi ndikugwira ntchito ku Chelyabinsk. Adafunikira kukayezetsa Mantoux. Kusanthula kumeneku kumaperekedwa ndi dongosolo loyang'anira dera la Chelyabinsk, koma silikhala m'munsi. Pamenepa, a Vladimir pachipatalawa adakana kuchita izi. Anafotokozeranso kuti mchaka cha 2016 chipatalachi chidalipira ndalama ndi boma chifukwa Mantoux idakhala yaulere kwa wodwala yemwe anali ndi lingaliro lochokera kudera lina. Izi ndizovomerezeka.

Ngati mukupita kutchuthi kapena kukagwira ntchito kudera lina, tengani mfundo yanu ya MHI. Ngati azaumoyo akukana kukutumikirani, itanani thumba la inshuwaransi yaumoyo m'derali.

Ngati mukufuna kupita kudera lina kwa nthawi yayitali, tengani mfundo za MHI pasadakhale. Kampani ya inshuwaransi ikhoza kusinthidwa kamodzi pachakalenda ndipo osapitirira Novembara 1.

Malo ena azaumoyo amati amangogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe ena a inshuwaransi. Izi ndizosemphana ndi malamulo: inshuwaransi yokakamizidwa ya chipatala ndi yofanana m'dziko lonselo. Ngati akukanidwa, yimbani kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi ndikuwapempha kuti alumikizane ndi dipatimenti yoteteza ufulu wa nzika. Nambala yafoni ya kampani ya inshuwaransi imasonyezedwa kumbuyo kwa chikakamizo chanu cha inshuwaransi ya chipatala. Mwambiri, munyengo iliyonse yosamveka ndi inshuwaransi yachipatala yokakamizidwa, itanani inshuwaransi.

Nambala yafoni ya inshuwaransi ili kumbuyo kwa chikakamizo cha inshuwaransi yazachipatala

Phunzirani mawu oti: wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala mdziko lonse. Izi zalembedwa mu Gawo 1 la Art. 16 mwa malamulo okakamiza inshuwaransi yazaumoyo.

Ngati mukufuna kuyesa kudera lina

Zimachitika kuti palibe matenda omwe amatsimikiziridwa, koma ziyeso zimayenera kudutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano.

Mwa lamulo, mutha kuchita izi: Art. 3 yamalamulo okakamizidwa inshuwaransi ya zamankhwala imati chochitika chotsimikiziridwa sichili matenda chabe, komanso njira zodzitetezera. Ziyeso zimangofunika kudziwa ngati pali matenda kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake, onjezani pakufunika kopeza chidziwitso, osati kungoyeserera mwaumoyo wanu ndi dokotala kapena wolandila. Fotokozerani malamulo.

Ngati dokotala wakuchipatala komwe mudabwera kuti mudzawunikemo alibe luso lochita kafukufuku, dokotalayo akupatseni mwayi wopemphedwa kukayesedwa ku chipatala china chomwe chikugwira nawo ntchito mokakamiza inshuwaransi ya chipatala m'derali.

Potere, wodwala amatha kuunikiritsa kwaulere kuchipatala chayokha chomwe chikuchita nawo dongosolo la CHI. Mndandanda wamabizinesi azamalonda omwe amapereka chithandizo chazaulere chitha kupezeka mchikwama kapena pa tsamba la MHIF: Gawo 1 la Art. 15 mwa malamulo okakamiza inshuwaransi yachipatala.

Kodi pali mndandanda wamayeso aulere

Palibe mndandanda wachidziwikire waulere pamalamulo. Nthawi zina madotolo pawokha samadziwa ngati kusanthula kwaulere kapena kulipidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wamapulogalamu oyambira amaphatikizapo matenda a endocrine system - matenda a shuga.Izi zikutanthauza kuti motsogozedwa ndi endocrinologist, wodwalayo amayenera kupatsidwa kuyezetsa magazi kwaulere pamlingo wa shuga. Mwambiri, wodwalayo sadzakhala ndi mavuto ndi kuwunikaku.

Koma ngati vutoli latsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, wodwalayo amayenera kuyang'ana chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndikupeza mayeso ena, monga mahomoni, chifukwa cha izi. Si chipatala chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi zida zopenda zinthu ngati izi. Dokotala atha kutumiza wodwala ku labotale yangayokha.

Koma pali mndandanda wazotsatira zomwe zimayesedwa kwaulere mokakamizidwa inshuwaransi ya zamankhwala popanda mavuto. Madokotala nawonso akufuna kuwatsogolera, chifukwa amaphatikizidwa pakuyesa kwa madokotala:

1. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konse.
2. Urinalysis
3. Mwazi wamagazi.
4. Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.
5. ECG
6. Fluorography.
7. Zoyeserera
8. Ultrasound

M'malo mwake, algorithm yoyang'ana kupezeka kwa kusanthula malinga ndi lamulo la inshuwaransi yachipatala ndi yosavuta. Zoyenera kudziwa:

1. Kodi matendawa ndi gawo lovomerezeka ndi boma lovomerezeka ndi boma? Zoyambira - zikutanthauza kugwira ntchito mdziko lonse. Ngati matendawa sanawonetsedwe mu pulogalamu yoyambira, onetsetsani ngati ali mdera lanu.
2. Ngati mukupeza matendawa mu pulogalamu yoyambira kapena yachigawo, onetsetsani ngati kuwunika kwanu kukuyenera kulembedwa.

Mulingo wanji wa chisamaliro

Muyezo wa chisamaliro ndi zochepa zomwe zofunikira pazithandizo zamankhwala zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa wodwala, kuphatikizapo mayeso. Ngati kusanthula komwe mukusowa kuli mu muyezo wochizira matendawa, ndipo matendawa pawokha aphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yaulere ya chithandizo (choyambira kapena chosawerengera), ndiye kuti kuwunikiraku kuyenera kuchitidwa kwaulere.

Tiyeni tiwone ma algorithm awa ndi zitsanzo zenizeni. Tinene kuti Olga ali ndi kukayikira kwa cystitis. Dokotala adamuwuza kuti mayesowo adalipira. Izi ndi zomwe Olga ayenera kuchita:

1. Tsegulani pulogalamu yoyang'anira chisamaliro chaumoyo. Gawo 3 likuti matenda a genitourinary system, chithandizo chamankhwala chokakamizidwa inshuwaransi yaulere ndi chaulere.
2. Pitani pa webusayiti ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo, mu gawo "Matenda a genitourinary system", ndipo pezani chithandizo chamankhwala chapafupi kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi pachimake cystitis.

Muyeso wa chisamaliro chaumoyo choyambirira cha amayi omwe ali ndi pachimake cystitis, Ministry of Health ya Russian Federation PDF, 0.2 MB

Olga amangokayikira za cystitis, chifukwa chake ayenera kuyang'ana gawo loyambirira - "Njira zoyesera matenda." Zikuwonetsa kuti kuyezetsa magazi ndi kuyambiranso kwamatumbo kumachitika kwaulere kwa odwala onse - patsogolo pa mayeserowa, mu "pafupipafupi yobereka" ndi gawo. Kuyandikira kwambiri nambala wani, odwala omwe adotolo amawauza momwe angawerengeredwe. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi lingaliro la adokotala zimadziwika ndi nambala yochepera. Kuphatikiza kwamwazi m'mwazi wofufuza matendawa kumachitika pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwona.

Tiyerekeze kuti Olga ali kale ndi cystitis. Kenako akuyenera kutembenukira ku gawo lachiwiri la muyezo womwewo. Malinga ndi gawoli, odwala onse amapatsidwanso mawunikidwe awiri: kuwunika mkodzo ndikutsimikiza mtima kwa maantibayotiki.

Ngati mulibe nthawi komanso chidwi chofuna kumvetsetsa zamankhwala, itanani kampani ya inshuwaransi yomwe idakupatsani ndondomeko ya MHI. Yang'anani kuti muwone ngati mfundo yanu ilipira kuwunika komwe mukufuna.

Kuyesera kwaulere kwa cystitis yacute

Osakhazikika pa ntchito zolipira

Nthawi zina dokotala pachipatala chaulere amapatsa wodwalayo mayeso olipira. Ngati kulipira sikubwera kudzera mu cashier ndipo ngati simumaliza mgwirizano, izi ndi zabodza. Malinga ndi malamulo opereka chithandizo chamankhwala cholipiridwa, mgwirizano wolembedwa uyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi wodwalayo.

Ngati palibe mgwirizano, ndiye kuti wazachipatala amaika ndalama zanu m'thumba mwake. Kwa inu, awa ndi zinyalala zowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati palibe mgwirizano, ndiye kuti simungathe kupereka zodandaula kwa aliyense.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira ina: kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yolipidwa m'malo mwa yaulere. Zikuwoneka kuti zonse zili momwe ziyenera kukhalira: apangana pangano ndi inu.Koma pali mfundo yofunika mmalo mwake kuti mumakana ntchito yaulere.

Nachi zitsanzo cha mgwirizano wotere - onani ndime 8.1 ndi 8.2:

1 - kusanthula kumachitika ndi aliyense, 0.2 - kusanthula kumachitika monga momwe adokotala adanenera.

Kumbukirani: adotolo ayenera kukudziwitsani za mwayi wopeza maulalo aomwe mwalandira.

Pali mtundu wina wophwanya: nthawi zina dokotala amamuwongolera wodwala kuchipatala china cha malonda, ndipo amalandira kuchuluka kwake. Izi ndizosaloledwa: mutha kudzisankhira nokha kuchipatala chotsika mtengo. Palibe chipatala chawekha chomwe sichingakane kuyeserera chifukwa choti mayendedwe adalembedwa pa fomu yosadziwika.

Momwe mungapezere zolemba zamayeso

M'dziko lathu mulibe gawo limodzi lowunika. Tsopano zotsatira zake zanyamulidwa mu khadi loyitanitsa, ndipo limasungidwa mu registry ya chipatala. Izi ndizovuta, chifukwa nthawi zina mumayenera kukayesanso mayeso.

Pofuna kuti musangodalitsa mawu ofananako kangapo, mutha kuitanitsa zolemba kuchokera ku registry. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulemba fomu yofunsira zolemba zamankhwala, kupanga kope, kupereka choyambirira ku registry, ndikupempha sitampu pakulandila. Ngati ofesi yolembetsa yakana kuziphwanyaphwanya, tumizani ntchitoyo ndi kalata yolembetsa yovomereza kuti mwalandira.

Funsani makope owunikira

Ngati dzina lenileni la chikalata sichikudziwika, pemphani chiganizo chokhala ndi zomwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo:

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zolemba zamankhwala

Nthawi zina muyenera kupeza pepala la zamankhwala, koma chiyani komanso chiyani - wodwalayo sakudziwa. Zikumveka zoseketsa, koma zimachitika. Mwachitsanzo, mnzanga adayesedwa ndi gastroenterologist ndipo adadutsa mayeso osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Patatha miyezi itatu, adaganiza zofufuza kuchipatala chayekha, koma sanathe kumuwuza adotolo mayeso enieni omwe adawatenga.

Zikatero, mutha kufunsa kuchipatala kapena ku chipatala ndi chidziwitso chodziwika ndi zolemba zachipatala. Ma algorithm ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ofanana ndikupeza makope owunikira. Mukungoyenera kudziwa nthawi yomweyo ndi regista mukamatha kudziwa zikalata zofunika. Malo azaumoyo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi "buku lowerengera anthu kuti akagwiritse ntchito kuti akafufuze zolemba zamankhwala." Nthawi yanu yoyendera iyenera kulembedwa mu magaziniyi.

Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyembekezera kuti isawunikidwe siyenera kupitilira masiku makumi atatu kuchokera tsiku lofunsira.

Mwalamulo, mutha kuwona zikalata zomwe mumazikonda pa malo azachipatala okha. Sangapereke zowerengera kunyumba, choncho, onani zithunzi za chilichonse chomwe chingakhale chothandiza kwa inu.