Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini?

Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini? Kasitomala ndiye gwero lokhalo la insulin.

Pokhala kumbuyo kwa m'mimba, kapamba amathandizira kugaya chakudya, ndikupanga ma enzyme kuti agwetse chakudya. Koma, kuphatikiza pakupanga timadziti pokonzera chakudya, kapamba amapatsa thupi mahomoni kuti asinthe glucose, chachikulu pakati pamahomoni awa ndi insulin.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kapamba amasiya kupanga insulini?

Chitetezo cha mthupi chimathandiza munthu kulimbana ndi ma virus, ma virus, ndikuononga ma cell achilendo, kuphatikiza ma cell a khansa, omwe amatha kupangidwa nthawi ya moyo wa munthu. Pali kusinthika kosalekeza kwa maselo mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana: okalamba amafa, ndipo enanso amapanga ena, nawalowetsa m'malo.

Pancreas malo

Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ma cell a beta a kapamba. Chitetezo chachitetezo chimasiyanitsa "maselo" awo ndi "mlendo".

Zovuta zam'mlengalenga ndi zovuta zachilengedwe (ma virus ambiri) zimasinthasintha mawonekedwe a β-cell.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe kapamba samatulutsa insulini.

Gome - Zifukwa zomwe kupanga kwa insulin kumachepera

Njira zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• Ma Autoantigens amawonekera.
• Maselo a chitetezo cha m'thupi (macrophages MF, dendritic cell of DC) transmit processed autoantigen to T-lymphocyte, nawonso, amayamba kuwazindikira kuti ndi achilendo.
• Gawo la T-lymphocyte lomwe lasintha kukhala ma cytotoxic autoaggressive lymphocyte (CTLs).
• Kutupa kwa kapamba ndi chiwonongeko cha β-cell chimayamba.

Njirayi ndi yayitali ndipo imachitika pa liwiro losiyanasiyana: kuyambira miyezi ingapo kwa ana aang'ono mpaka zaka zingapo mwa akulu.

Chiwonongeko cha Autoimmune β-cell

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera matenda ashuga 1, ma antibodies enaake (IAA, ICA, GADA, IA-2β) amapezeka m'magazi patadutsa zaka zingapo asanafike matenda, omwe, popanda kuwononga,-cell, amakhala chizindikiro choyambirira chiwopsezo chotenga matenda amtundu 1 shuga.

Tsoka ilo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakumbukira ma antigen a β cell, chifukwa chake kuwonongeka kwawo ndikovuta kwambiri kuyimitsa.

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, maselo a beta amatha kuchira. Ngakhale ndi imfa ya 90% yama cell onse a betta kuchokera ku 10% yotsala, kuchira kumatha kuchitika. Komabe, chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kusiya zoyipa zomwe zimachitika mthupi lathu. Pokhapokha ndi pomwe zingatheke kuchiritsa matenda.

Chigawo Choyamba 1 Matenda A shuga

Kafukufuku wina adapangidwa kuti aphunzire mwayi woletsa "kukwiya" kwa chitetezo chamthupi chogwirizana ndi maselo a betta pogwiritsa ntchito magulu angapo a mankhwalawa. Komabe, palibe zotsimikizika zabwino zomwe zidapezeka.

Asayansi akuti ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chakugwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies a monoclonal omwe amatha kusintha chitetezo chazovuta m'njira yoyenera, ndiko kuti, amachepetsa mphamvu ya autoimmune mu kapamba.

Maphunzirowa ndi odalitsika kwambiri, chifukwa pakapanda kuthana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, ngakhale kupatsirana kwa ma bullets a Largenhans ndikugwiritsa ntchito maselo a tsinde sikungakhale kopanda tanthauzo.

Ntchito ya insulin

Ntchito yayikulu ya mahomoni ndikuti imamangiriza ku receptor pafoni (sensor yodziwika mwapadera). Ngati chizindikiritso chikuchitika ("kiyi inapita kukiyi"), khungu limakhala lololeka kwa glucose.

Zotsatira za insulin pa khungu

Kupanga insulini kumayamba tikawona chakudyacho ndikuchinunkhira. Zakudya zikagayidwa, shuga amatulutsidwa ndipo amalowa m'magazi, ma cell a betta amawonjezera kupanga insulini, chifukwa chake, mwa anthu athanzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumangokhala kosadukiza ndipo sikudalira kuchuluka kwa momwe adadyera.

Insulin imayambitsa kuphatikizira kwa glucose muzinthu zomwe zimatchedwa "insulin-kudalira": chiwindi, minofu, minofu ya adipose.

Zochititsa chidwi: Ziwalo zofunika kwambiri sizikufunika insulin. Shuga wochokera m'magazi amalowa m'maselo a "insulin-okha" kudzera mwa kuzungulira kwa ma cell: akamakhala ochepa mu cell, amalowera mu khungu. Ziwalo zotere ndi ubongo, mitsempha, retina, impso, ma adrenal gland, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi maselo ofiira amwazi.

Njira imeneyi ndi yofunikira kuti pakachitika vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi, kupanga insulini kumayima ndipo shuga amalowa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri.

Thupi limafunikira insulini yaying'ono, ngakhale usiku komanso nthawi yanjala, kuonetsetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose wopangidwa m'chiwindi. Insulin yotereyi imatchedwa basal kapena maziko.

Magazi a Insulin ndi Magazi a Magazi

Pali inshuwaransi ya insulin. Uwu ndiye kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa poyankha chakudya.

Kumbukirani, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungawerengere ndikupereka insulin yanu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumamwa. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro a matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndiofunika kwambiri. Popanda kudziwa matenda anu ndi malamulo oyendetsera, chithandizo chokwanira sichingatheke.

Ndikofunikanso kuwunika kufunika kwa insulin. Mwa munthu wopanda matenda a shuga, pafupifupi 0,5 IU ya insulin pa kilogalamu yakulemera thupi amapangidwa tsiku lililonse. Kwa munthu wamkulu wokhala ndi thupi lolemera 70 makilogalamu, timapezedwa magawo 70 * 0,5 = 35 patsiku.

Odwala ambiri, atatha zaka 1-3 kuyambira pomwe zimachitika, kufunikira kwa insulini kumakhazikika ndipo kumakhala 0.7-1.0 U / kg.

Zokhudza insulin

Kuzindikira kwa thupi pamahomoni ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumachepetsa shuga. Tsoka ilo, mlingo womwewo wa insulini sukhalanso ndi zofanana pakuchepetsa magazi.

Zinthu zina zimakulitsa chidwi cha insulin; zina zimachepetsa.

Gome - Zomwe Zimakhudza Insulin Sensitivity

Kukana kwa insulini kumatanthauza kuti insulin yambiri imafunikanso kuti iphunzire zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa shuga. Mwanjira ina, pali kuchepa kwa insulin sensitivity.

Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti ndi England yomwe imapanga insulin. Koma ndi chiyani chinanso, kupatula zikondamoyo, zomwe insulin imatulutsa m'thupi la munthu?

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chidwi cha zinthu za insretin chakhala chikukopa chidwi chachikulu - awa ndi mahomoni omwe amasungidwa ndi maselo am'mimba ndipo amathandizira insulin.

• Glucagon-ngati peptide-1 (GLP-1),
• Glucose-wodalira insulin-ngati peptide (HIP).

Zinthu zomalizazi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi zochita za insulin.

Zotsatira zazikulu za maretretins:

• onjezani mankhwala a insulin mukatha kudya,
• Sinthani kukhathamira kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa shuga wochepa wamagazi.

Pali umboni kuti mwa odwala matenda ashuga, chinthuchi chimapitilizidwa kupangidwanso mosiyanasiyana, pomwe ma cell a beta amafa. Vuto ndilakuti ma incretins amawola msanga mothandizidwa ndi michere ya thupi.

Ntchito ya pancreatic

Organ amatanthauza kugaya chakudya. Ichi ndiye chimbudzi chofunikira kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa mgonero ndi dongosolo la endocrine. Thupi limatulutsa madzi a pancreatic omwe ali ndi ma enzymes am'mimba, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni omwe amapanga amawongolera chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi metabolism. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za gland ndi monga:

• kupatsa dongosolo la chakudya cham'mimba ndi ma enzymes opangira chakudya chamafuta,
• enzymatic neutralization ya mankhwala a chyme m'mimba,
• onetsetsani zinsinsi zamkati,
• malamulo a kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya ndi glucagon ndi insulin.

Kukula kwachitsulo ndiko kukula kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Ili ndi kapangidwe kovuta ka khungu la alveolar. Amagawika m'magawo awiri: zochuluka za zotere zimagwira ntchito zachinsinsi zakunja, ndikupanga katulutsidwe kazotupa kuti zitha kuchoka ku duodenum kudzera m'mizere, ndipo ma pancreatic islets amagwira ntchito ya endocrine, ndikupanga insulin m'magazi.

Cell kagayidwe

Thupi laumunthu limapangidwa lonse la maselo, magawikidwe ake osayima. Kupatsa maselo ndi "zomangamanga" ndi mphamvu, tiyenera kudya: ndizakudya zomwe thupi limalandira zofunikira zonse. Thupi lathu mkati mwa moyo mosalekeza limawononga mphamvu. Kukonzanso mphamvu zamagetsi kumachitidwa muchitokisi. Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu ndi glucose. Amapereka magazi kuzinthu zonse zamthupi. Koma insulin ndiyofunikira kulowa mkati mwachindunji.

Akagwira ntchito moyenera, kapamba amapanga insulin yokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti maselo onse amakhala ndi shuga. Koma ndikusowa kwa timadzi timeneti, glucose amafalikira m'magazi, koma sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Kugwa kotereku kumabweretsa chisokonezo pakugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe a thupi: hyperglycemia imalowa - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, kufa ndi njala kumayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wa msinkhu wa shuga ndi mahomoni m'magazi umasinthasintha. Zimatengera nthawi ya tsiku, chakudya chomaliza, kuchuluka kwa mavuto amanjenje komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimachitika. Pafupipafupi ambiri amati amakhala ndi ma insulin 40-50 patsiku okhala ndi shuga wambiri mpaka 5.5 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso 7 mmol / L atatha kudya.

Insulin ndi shuga

Mulingo wachilengedwe wa insulin mthupi ndi chimodzimodzi kwa akulu ndi ana. Kusiyanako ndikuti pakamakula, maselo amthupi amunthu amataya mphamvu ya mahomoni.

Mbiri ya insulin ingasinthe chifukwa chakudya. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la m'mimba likalandira chakudya chamafuta, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa kumayamba kuchuluka kwambiri. Kutengera izi, magazi amatengedwa chifukwa cha insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu. Odwala omwe amadzipaka ndi insulin, kuwunikira uku sikothandiza: zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi, onse omwe amapangidwa mwaukadaulo ndi kapamba.

Kuchulukitsa kwa timadzi ta m'magazi nako ndi kuphwanya kwina kwa kayendedwe ka mbewu. Akuluakulu amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa neoplasms mu kapangidwe ka pancreatic. Kusanthula kwa insulin ya mahomoni ithandizanso endocrinologist munthawi kuti azindikire matenda ndi vuto la gland, kupereka njira ya mankhwalawa kuti akhazikitse vutoli.

Ngozi yoyamba yomwe shuga yowonjezereka imabweretsa ndi kuphwanya kuwonongeka kwa chakudya cham'madzi komanso kusintha kwawo kukhala mphamvu. Njala yam'mimba imapangitsa kupangika kwa zinthu zomwe sizingasinthe m'thupi.

Shuga wopanda magazi kwambiri ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Matendawa amapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphwanya kwa chakudya chopatsa mphamvu, mapuloteni komanso metabolism yamafuta m'thupi chifukwa chosowa insulini. Mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ali ndi malingaliro osiyana ndi awa:

• kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamawonedwe chifukwa cha kuphwanya magazi m'mitsempha ya diso, kumapangitsa kuti khungu lizionekera, mpaka kutsimikiza,
• matenda a shuga - nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso, pomwe mapuloteni ofunikira m'thupi samakhalamo.
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa miyendo,
• kudziwiratu kwa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi ikuluikulu.

Pakadali pano, ndikotheka kupanga insulin mwanjira ndikuigwiritsa ntchito pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi mahomoni ochepa. Ngakhale insulin yapamwamba kwambiri, sangathe kugwira bwino ntchito zake, ngati mahomoni ake omwe. Koma m'malo mwake zitha kusintha moyo wa wodwalayo. Mankhwala a insulin sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali matenda a shuga, komanso ndi kufooka kwa thupi, furunculosis, chithokomiro, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda enaake.

Kupanga kwa insulini pamsika wamafakitale kumachitika kudzera mukuchotsa timadzi ta mitundu yina ya ziweto ndikudziyeretsa pambuyo pake. Mtundu wamafuta amalo am'magazi ungayambitse zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mapuloteni akunja. Bwino bwino, komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri - kupanga insulin.

Kupewa matenda

Popeza tazindikira kuti ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti ziwonjezere kukula kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Kupewa matenda a pancreatic kumaphatikiza chakudya chosankhidwa bwino, chomwe simungangokhala nacho chamoyo chokha, komanso kusintha thanzi lanu.

Kuthandizira kapamba, ndikofunikira kusiya zakudya zokazinga, zakudya zosavuta, zotsekemera, zonunkhira, zamzitini. Pangani chisankho mumayendedwe a masamba, zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso zachilengedwe. Ndikofunikanso kuonjezera pakumamwa madzi mpaka malita 2-2,5 patsiku.

Kwambiri ntchito ya zikondwerero poletsa kusuta komanso kumwa mowa. Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali pazinthu zoyipa kumabweretsa kutsekeka kwa thupi ndi poizoni, ndipo timavutika ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, zomwe zimawopseza, mwachitsanzo, matenda a shuga ndi matenda ena akulu. Ndikofunikira kuyeretsa thupi nthawi zonse pazinthu zovulaza, kuchira kwathunthu ndikuchepetsa zoipa pa kapamba kuchokera kunja. Sinthani mozama ntchito iyi mankhwala apadera.

Nthenda yodziwika kwambiri ya kapamba ndi kapamba. Awa ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa gizi. Njira yamatendawa ndiyosasangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zoipa kwambiri. Itha kuchitika pachimake komanso chovuta mawonekedwe. Kutupa sikukuwononga minyewa ya chamba, komanso kumasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zina: impso, chiwindi, mapapo, minofu ya mtima, komanso ngakhale ubongo.

M'malo owopsa, kapamba ndizovuta ndipo zimabweretsa chiwopsezo ku moyo wa munthu. Njira yotupa imawoneka mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri kapena kupezeka kwa miyala mumiyendo ya bile. Zizindikiro za pancreatitis pachimake ndi:

• kupweteka kwambiri m'munsi hypochondrium yam'mimba ndi kumbuyo,
• nseru ndi kugwedezeka
• matenda amkuwa.

Ngati zoterezi zikuchitika, pamafunika kukana chakudya ndikulankhula ndi achipatala kuti azindikire ngati ali ndi upangiri.

Matendawa amadutsa matenda osakhalitsa chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kapamba: mowa, kusuta, kudya kwambiri, matenda amkati.

Ngati mawonekedwe a pancreatitis osaperekedwa, izi zimayambitsa matenda a shuga komanso kusokonezeka kosasintha kwa thupi.