Ma cell a pancreatic beta

Pancreatic Beta Cell Antibodies kapena antibodies to islet cell of pancreas ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikiritsa matenda amtundu wa autoimmune 1 mtundu wamitundu ina.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga a mellitus (wodalira insulini), ma cell opha pancreatic beta amapanga insulini chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo kwa autoimmune. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi kupezeka kwa magazi a ma antibodies kuma antigen pancreatic beta. Ma antibodies awa amawononga ma cell a beta, ndipo ma cell owonongeka sangatulutse kuchuluka kwa insulini. Umu ndi momwe mtundu woyamba wa shuga umakhalira. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a insulin kukana popanda njira za autoimmune.

Type 1 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa achinyamata osakwana zaka 20. Gawo lofunikira pakukula kwake limaseweredwa ndi kubadwa mwatsopano. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mitundu ya mavutidwe ena, HLA-DR3 ndi HLA-DR4, apezeka. Kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu woyandikira kumakulitsa chiopsezo chodwala mwa mwana nthawi 15.

Zizindikiro zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe am ludzu, kukodza kwambiri, komanso kuchepa thupi zimawoneka ngati pafupifupi 90% ya maselo a beta atawonongeka kale, ndipo sangatulutse insulini yokwanira. Thupi limafunikira insulini tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa ndiokhawo amene amatha "kuyendetsa" glucose mkati mwa maselo, momwe amawadyera kuti apeze mphamvu zamagetsi. Ngati insulin sikokwanira, ndiye kuti maselo amakhala ndi njala, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, hyperglycemia imayamba. Acute hyperglycemia ndi owopsa wodwala matenda ashuga, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'maso, mtima, impso ndi miyendo.

Ma antibodies kuma cell a pancreatic beta amapezeka makamaka (95% ya milandu) mu mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, pomwe mu mtundu 2 matenda ashuga kulibe.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikuwunika uku, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyezetsa magazi a "antibodies to insulin" ndikuyezetsa magazi kwa "Insulin".

Kukonzekera kuwerenga

Magazi amaperekedwa kuti afufuzidwe pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, ngakhale tiyi kapena khofi sikhala kunja. Ndizovomerezeka kumwa madzi opanda kanthu.

Kutalika kwa nthawi kuchokera pachakudya chotsiriza mpaka kuyesedwa ndi maola osachepera asanu ndi atatu.

Tsiku lisanafike phunzirolo, musamamwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakudya zamafuta, kuchepetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kutanthauzira kwa Zotsatira

Norm: palibe

Kuchulukitsa:

1. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga - autoimmune, odalira insulin.

2. Kukhazikika kwa vuto la matenda ashuga 1. Kuzindikira kwa ma antibodies kumakupatsani mwayi woperekera zakudya zapadera ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

3. Zotsatira zabodza zitha kuchitika mu endocrine autoimmune matenda:

Chithokomiro cha Hashimoto,
Matenda a Addison.

Sankhani zizindikiro zomwe zikukuvutitsani, yankhani mafunso. Dziwani kuti vuto lanu ndi lalikulu bwanji komanso kuti mukaonana ndi dokotala.

Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa ndi tsamba la masamba la mareportal.org, chonde werengani mawu omwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

Pangano la ogwiritsa ntchito

Medportal.org imapereka ntchitozo malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazi. Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito webusaitiyi, mumatsimikizira kuti mwawerengera Panganoli Pamagwiritsidwe musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la webusayiti, ndipo mukuvomereza zonse zomwe mgwirizanowu unakwaniritsa Chonde osagwiritsa ntchito tsamba la webusayiti ngati simukugwirizana ndi izi.

Kufotokozera Kwa Ntchito

Chidziwitso chonse chomwe chatumidwa pamalowo ndi chongowerenga chokha, chidziwitso chomwe chatengedwa kuchokera ku magawo ena ndichachidziwitso ndipo sichotsatsa. Webusayiti ya medportal.org imapereka ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa Wogwiritsa ntchito kusaka mankhwala pazinthu zomwe adalandira kuchokera kuzipatala monga gawo la mgwirizano pakati pa malo ogulitsa mankhwala ndi tsamba la masamba a medportal.org. Kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito tsambalo, zambiri zamankhwala ndi zothandizira pazakudya zimakonzedweratu ndikuchepetsedwa kuti zilembedwe chimodzi.

Webusayiti ya medportal.org imapereka ntchito zomwe zimaloleza Wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze zipatala ndi zina zidziwitso zamankhwala.

Kuchepetsa ngongole

Zambiri zomwe zalembedwa muzotsatira zakusaka sizoperekedwa pagulu. Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kulondola, kutsimikiza ndi / kapena kufunikira kwa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikuti kumayambitsa kuvulaza kapena kuwonongeka komwe mungakhale nako chifukwa chakutha kupeza kapena kulephera kufikira malowa kapena kuchokera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito tsambali.

Pakuvomereza mfundo za panganoli, mumamvetsetsa bwino komanso mukuvomereza kuti:

Zambiri zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizongotchulidwa kokha.

Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kusowa kwa zolakwika ndi kusiyana pa zomwe zalengezedwa pamalowo komanso kupezeka kwenikweni kwa katundu ndi mitengo ya zinthu zomwe zili mufesi.

Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amafunikira kuti amfotokozere zomwe zimamuchititsa kuti azimupatsa foni kapena kumuwuza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zake.

Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kusakhalapo kwa zolakwika ndi zosiyanazi zokhudzana ndi ndandanda ya zipatala, zambiri zawo - manambala amfoni ndi ma adilesi.

Ngakhalenso Kuwongolera tsambalo medportal.org, kapena gulu lina lililonse lomwe likugwira nawo ntchito popereka chidziwitso ndiloyenera kuvulaza kapena kuwonongeka komwe mungavutike chifukwa chodalira kwathunthu pazomwe zili patsamba lino.

Oyang'anira tsambali medportal.org amachita ndikuchita zonse mtsogolo kuti athetse kusiyana ndi zolakwika pazidziwitso zomwe zaperekedwa.

Kuwongolera kwa medportal.org sikutsimikizira kuti kulibe kulephera kwamaluso, kuphatikiza pakugwira ntchito kwa pulogalamuyo. Oyang'anira tsambali medportal.org amayesetsa kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti athetse vuto lililonse lomwe lingachitike.

Wogwiritsa ntchito akuchenjezedwa kuti Kuwongolera kwa tsambalo medportal.org sikuyendetsa ntchito ndikuyendera zinthu zakunja, maulalo omwe akhoza kukhala pamalopo, samapereka kuvomereza zomwe zili mkati mwawo ndipo sindiye kuti akupezeka.

Oyang'anira tsambali medportal.org ali ndi ufulu wa kuyimitsa ntchito tsambalo, pang'ono kapena kusintha zonse zake, asintha pa Chigwirizano cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Zosintha zotere zimachitika pokhapokha pakuwona kwa Administration popanda kuzindikira kwa Wogwiritsa ntchito.

Mukuvomereza kuti mudawerengera panganoli.

Zotsatsa zotsatsa zomwe patsamba lake limagwirizana ndi wotsatsa limalembedwa kuti "malonda."

Kodi ma antibodies a ma cell a beta ndi ma cell a beta ndi ati?

Maselo a pancreatic beta ndi chizindikiro cha njira ya autoimmune yomwe imapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo opanga insulin. Ma antiopoditive a Seropositive ku maselo a islet amapezeka muoposa 70% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba.

Pafupifupi 99 peresenti ya milandu, mtundu wa shuga womwe umadalira insulin umalumikizidwa ndi chiwonongeko chamadongosolo pakati. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ziwalo kumabweretsa kuphwanya kwakukulu kapangidwe ka insulin, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuvuta kwa metabolic.

Popeza ma antibodies nthawi yayitali isanayambike zizindikiro zoyambirira, amatha kuzindikirika zaka zambiri asanayambike zazomwe zimachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la ma antibodies limakonda kupezeka m'magazi a odwala. Kuzindikira kwa ma antibodies mu abale ndi chizindikiro cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda.

Zida zoyeserera za kapamba (kapamba) zimayimiriridwa ndi maselo osiyanasiyana. Chosangalatsa cha zamankhwala ndi chikondi cha ma antibodies okhala ndi maselo a beta a timinchu. Maselo amenewa amapanga insulin. Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo a beta amapereka chidziwitso cha insulin.

Komanso, ma cell a islet amatulutsa C-peptide, chizindikiritso chake chomwe chimakhala chodziwitsa kwambiri za matenda a shuga a autoimmune.

Zovuta za maselo amenewa, kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, zimaphatikizira chotupa chovuta kuchokera kwa iwo. Insulinoma imayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wa seramu.

Kuyesa kwa antipancreatic

Serodiagnosis ya antibodies kuma cell a beta ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yotsimikizika yotsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a autoimmune.

Matenda a Autoimmune ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chakutha kwa chitetezo chathupi. Pazovuta za chitetezo cha m'thupi, mapuloteni enaake amapangidwa kuti "apangidwe" mwamphamvu ndi maselo athupi. Pambuyo pakuyambitsa kwa ma antibodies, kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumene kumatentha kumachitika.

M'mankhwala amakono, matenda ambiri apezeka omwe amakupezeka ndi kuphwanya malamulo a autoimmune, kuphatikiza:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
Autoimmune chithokomiro.
Autoimmune hepatitis.
Matenda a rheumatological ndi ena ambiri.

Zochitika zomwe kuyezetsa magazi kumayenera kuyesedwa:

ngati okondedwa ali ndi matenda ashuga,
mukazindikira ma antibodies a ziwalo zina.
maonekedwe a kuyabwa m'thupi,
Kununkhira kwa ma acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
ludzu losatha
khungu lowuma
kamwa yowuma
Kuchepetsa thupi, ngakhale muli ndi chidwi chofuna kudya,
Zizindikiro zina.

Zofufuzira ndi magazi a venous. Kuyamwa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Kudziwitsa antier titer kumatenga nthawi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kupezeka kwathunthu kwa magazi m'thupi ndimwazonse. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies mu seramu yamagazi, ndikochuluka kwakuti atenga matenda ashuga posachedwa.

Kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo, ma AT amagwa pang'ono.

Kodi matenda a shuga a autoimmune ndi ati?

Autoimmune shuga mellitus (LADA shuga) ndi matenda obwebweta a endocrine omwe amachitira kanthu ali aang'ono. Matenda a shuga a Autoimmune amapezeka chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa maselo a beta ndi ma antibodies. Akuluakulu ndi mwana amadwala, koma nthawi zambiri amadwala akadali achichepere.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amadziwika ndi polyuria, ludzu losagonjetseka, mavuto ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya, kuchepa thupi, kufooka, komanso kupweteka kwam'mimba. Ndi njira yayitali, kupuma kwa acetone kumawonekera.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta.

Mwa zina zodzikhulupirira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri ndi:

Kupsinjika. Posachedwa, asayansi atsimikizira kuti mawonekedwe a pancreatic a antibodies amapangidwa poyankha kuzindikirika kwazomwe zimayambira mkati mwa mantha amthupi mkati mwazovuta zam'thupi.
Zinthu zamtundu. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa, matendawa amaphatikizidwa m'mitundu ya anthu.
Zinthu zachilengedwe.
Chiphunzitso cha Viral. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wazachipatala zingapo, mitundu ina ya ma enteroviruse, ma virus a rubella, ndi ma mumps ingayambitse kupanga ma antibodies ena.
Mankhwala ndi mankhwala amathanso kusokoneza boma la chitetezo cha mthupi.
Matenda a kapamba amatha kuphatikizira timadzi tating'ono ta Langerhans.

Chithandizo cha izi cha pathological chiyenera kukhala chovuta komanso cha pathogenetic. Zolinga zamankhwala ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa autoantibodies, kuthetsa zizindikiro za matendawa, kuperewera kwa metabolic, kusowa kwa zovuta zazikulu. Mavuto akulu kwambiri amakhala ndi misempha komanso mitsempha, zotupa za pakhungu, zikomero zingapo. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimachitika ndikusinthanitsa nthawi yodyetsa, ndikuthandizira maphunziro akuthupi m'moyo wa wodwalayo.

Kupeza zotsatira kumachitika pamene wodwalayo adzipereka payekha chithandizo ndikudziwa momwe angayang'anire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Beta antibody m'malo

Maziko a mankhwala ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin. Mankhwalawa ndi zovuta za machitidwe ena omwe amachitidwa kuti akwaniritse kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin yokonzekera. Pali mankhwala molingana ndi nthawi yayitali: phashort action, yochepa, nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali.

Malinga ndi milingo ya kuyeretsedwa kuchokera ku zosayera, zosungidwa zokhazokha ndi mawonekedwe amodzi amodzi zimasiyanitsidwa. Mwa chiyambi, mawonekedwe a nyama (bovine ndi nkhumba), mitundu ya anthu ndi mitundu yopangidwa mwamajini imasiyanitsidwa. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ovuta chifukwa cha chifuwa ndi dystrophy ya adipose minofu, koma kwa wodwala amapulumutsa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a kapamba amafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Autoantibodies: kodi kupezeka kwawo nthawi zonse kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda?

Mwanjira ina, maselo a beta amatchedwa maselo a islets of Langerans kapena ICA, kugonjetsedwa kwawo komwe kumatha kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yophunzira. Ma Autoantibodies (gulu la ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa motsutsana ndi ma antibodies, mapuloteni ndi zinthu zina za thupi) ndizosiyana chifukwa zimawonekera mu seramu yamagazi nthawi yayitali isanayambike shuga. Chifukwa cha izi, pali mwayi wodziwitsa kuopsa komanso kudziwikiratu kwa matenda omwe amadalira insulin.

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa ma antibodies ndi:

Matenda opatsirana akale, kuphatikiza kachilombo ka Koksaki B4,

Matenda ena a virus, etc.

Zambiri zakuchipatala zimatsimikizira kuti zotsatira zoyesa sizitanthauza kukhalapo kwa matenda:

Mu 0.5% ya milandu yonse, ma antibodies adapezeka mu seramu yamagazi athanzi.

Kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 6% ndiye kuchuluka kwa omwe alibe matendawa, koma ndi wachibale wa wodwalayo yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga (1st degree of kinship).

70-80% ndi omwe ali ndi matendawa.

Modabwitsa, kusowa kwa ma antibacteries sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhalanso matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa pamlingo wa shuga wowoneka sikothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutayamba kuchita kafukufuku mu zochitika 8 mwa 10, chikhomo chingakudziwitseni za kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Koma patatha zaka zingapo - 2 okha mwa 10, ndiye - ngakhale ochepera.

Ngati kapamba ali ndi ma pathologies ena (njira yotupa ndi kapamba kapena khansa), sipangakhale antibodies pakuwunika.

Njira yoyeserera kupezeka kwa ma antibodies kupita ku ma cell a beta

Kuti mudziwe ngati pali ma cell a beta mu gland, muyenera kulumikizana ndi a labotale kuti mupereke magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Phunziroli silifuna kukonzekera koyambirira. Simuyenera kuchita kudzipha nokha, kusiya zakudya zanu zamasiku onse, ndi zina zambiri.

Mutatenga magaziwo amatumizidwa ku chubu chopanda kanthu. Malo ena azachipatala amaikiratu pamenepo mankhwala osokoneza bongo apadera. Mpira wakotoni wonyika m'madzi umathiridwa pamalo opunthira, omwe amathandizira kuti pakhale mankhwala pakhungu ndi kuyimitsa magazi. Ngati hematoma ikupezeka pamalo opangira matendawa, dokotala angakulimbikitseni kuti musinthe magazi kuti musanenephe magazi.

Mlozera wa positivity umapangidwira motere:

0.95-1.05 - zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikofunikira kubwereza phunzirolo.

1.05 - ndi zina - motsimikiza.

Madotolo adazindikira kuti kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa munthu yemwe amatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies, komanso kuchuluka kwa titer, kumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga.

Pafupifupi, mtengo wa kusanthula ndi pafupifupi 1,500 rubles.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

Kuyamwa magazi kwa venous kumachitika m'mawa.Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa njirayi sikofunikira, malamulo onse ndiwachilengedwe mwachilengedwe:

Ndikwabwino kupaka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, kapena maola 4 mutatha kudya. Mutha kumwa madzi oyera nthawi zonse.
Tsiku lisanafike phunziroli, muyenera kukana zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, komanso kupewa nkhawa.
Kwa mphindi 30 musanapereke magazi, muyenera kupewa kusuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ino ikhale m'malo omasuka mukakhala.

Mwazi umatengedwa ndi kukwapula kuchokera kumitsempha ya ulnar. Zomangamanga zimayikidwa mu chubu chosindikizidwa ndikuzitumiza ku labotale. Asanapange kusanthula, nyemba yamagazi imayikidwa mu centrifuge kuti ipatule zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku plasma. Seramu yomwe imayambitsidwa imayesedwa ndi enzyme immunoassay. Kukonzekera zotsatira kumatenga masiku 11-16.

Makhalidwe wamba

Zabwinobwino antibody titer kwa beta maselo a kapamba zosakwana 1: 5. Zotsatirazo zitha kufotokozedwanso kudzera pamawu amtsogolo:

0–0,95 – zoipa (zachikhalidwe).
0,95–1,05 - chosatha, chosinthika.
1.05 ndi zina zambiri - Zabwino.

Chizindikiro mkati mwa chizolowezi chimachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga obwera chifukwa cha insulin, koma osapatula matendawa. Poterepa, ma antibodies kuma cell a beta nthawi zina amapezeka mwa anthu opanda shuga. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kutanthauzira zotsatira zowunikira molumikizana ndi deta kuchokera ku maphunziro ena.

Kuchulukitsa mtengo

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa ma antibodies kupita ku ma pancreatic islet cell antijeni kumakhala kwachindunji, chifukwa chake kuwonjezerako kungakhale:

Matenda a shuga. Kukula kwa autoantibodies kumayamba isanayambike zizindikiro za matendawa, kusindikizidwa koyambirira kwa maselo achinsinsi kumalipiriridwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa insulin. Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikirocho kumawonetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1.
Matenda a shuga a insulin. Ma antibodies amapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo amakhudza maselo a beta a pancreatic islets, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa insulin. Chizindikiro chowonjezeka chimatsimikizika mu 70-80% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa akuwonekera.
Makhalidwe amunthu waumoyo wathanzi. Palibe matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulini komanso kudziwiratu kwake, ma antibodies amapezeka mu 0,1,5,5% ya anthu.

Chithandizo Chosawerengeka

Kuyesedwa kwa ma antibodies a cell a pancreatic beta m'magazi kumakhala kwachindunji komanso kokhudza mtundu wa 1 matenda a shuga, chifukwa chake ndi njira yodziwika pofufuzira kwake komanso kuzindikira kuopsa kwa chitukuko. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa ndi kutsimikiza koyenera kwa mtundu wake kumapangitsa kuti asankhe bwino mankhwalawa ndikuyamba kupewa kupewa matenda a metabolic panthawi. Ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, muyenera kufunsa endocrinologist.

Ma cell a nkhumba ndimalo osankha

Kumbali inayo, njira ya autoimmune ya causal singayimitsidwe, i.e. maselo obwezeretsedwa amatha kuwonongeka posachedwa. Chiwopsezo chokana kukhudzidwanso ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kuthana ndi mankhwala. Malingaliro amomwe mungathetsere mavutowa amachokera ku ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, njira yofufuzira yogwiritsira ntchito maselo apinyama ngati cholowa m'malo ikuchitika. Kodi zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa xenogwork pano zimagwira ntchito zofufuza.

Mtengo wa antibodies mu shuga

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa I, matenda a antibodies ali motere:

ICA (maselo ofanana - 60-90%,
anti-GAD (to glutamate decarboxylase) - 22-81%,
IAA (kwa insulin) - 16-69%.

Monga mukuwonera, palibe ma antibodies omwe amapezeka mu 100% ya odwala, chifukwa chake, kuti adziwe matenda odalirika, mitundu yonse inayi ya antibodies iyenera kutsimikizika (ICA, anti-GAD, anti-IA-2, IAA).

Iyi ndi njira yosangalatsa. Yankho: Kuyika, kuti maselo obwezeretsedwawo asawonongeke kapena kusindikizidwanso. Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa izi. Apa akatswiri opanga ma bio ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology adapanga njira yomwe idakwanitsa kupitiliza magwiridwe antchito a beta pama cell a nyama kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi. Amayala maselo aopereka aanthu mu kapu yanyumba ya algal. Ma pores awo ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti ma antibodies sangathe kulowa - koma amakula kuti atulutse insulini yopangidwa.

Kukhazikika kuti mwa ana ochepera zaka 15 Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu iwiri ya antibodies:

ICA (yam'maselo a kapamba),
IAA (kuti insulin).

Akuluakulu kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi mtundu II wa shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kudziwa:

anti-GAD (kuti glutamate decarboxylase),
ICA (yam'maselo a kapamba).

Pali mtundu wina wa shuga womwe ndimawutcha Lada (shuga ya autoimmune mu akulu, Latent Autoimmune Shuga mu Akuluakulu ), yomwe muzochitika zamankhwala ndizofanana ndi matenda amtundu II, koma mu makulidwe ake ndi kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga. Ngati akulakwitsa kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala a mtundu II matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a LADA sulfonylureas ndi pakamwa), imatha mwachangu ndi kutsika kwathunthu kwa maselo a beta ndipo amakakamiza kwambiri insulin. Ndilankhula za matenda a shuga a LADA munkhani ina.

Beta cell bioreactor kuchokera ku Dresden

Thupi lokha silimakanidwa ndi algae, kotero immunosuppressants sifunikira. Pali mayeso ena ambiri omwe amafunikira kuti magazi a algae asamayesedwe mwa anthu. Asayansi ena ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Dresden alipo kale. Agwiritsa ntchito kale "bioreactor" yawo kwa anthu. Maselo a Beta amadzaza pano mwamagetsi okhala ndi mabowo. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupatsidwa mpweya. Nembanemba imateteza maselo ku chiwonongeko kapena nthawi yomweyo amatha kugwira ntchito yawo, ndiko kuti, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso kumasula insulin.

Pakadali pano, kupezeka kwa ma antibodies m'magazi (ICA, anti-GAD, anti-IA-2, IAA) kumatengedwa ngati harbinger wamtsogolo mtundu wa matenda ashuga . Ma antibodies ochulukirapo amitundu mitundu amapezeka pankhani inayake, pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga matenda amtundu wa shuga.

Kupezeka kwa autoantibodies ku ICA (to islet cell), IAA (to insulin) and GAD (to glutamate decarboxylase) kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo cha 50% chokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga mkati mwa zaka 5 komanso chiopsezo cha 80% chokhala ndi matenda a matenda a shuga m'zaka 10.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 chatseguka

Ngakhale kutsiriza kwathunthu kwa insulin poyesa sikunatheke, njirayi iyeneranso kupitilizidwa. Monga chithandizo chonse cha matenda a shuga 1 omwe timawerengera pano, adakali adakali achichepere. Kodi amatseguka ndipo ndi liti pamene amagwira ntchito kwa odwala.

Mitundu iyi ndi yofala kwambiri. Pafupifupi aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga omwe mumawadziwa atha kudwala zilizonse izi. Koma pali mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga yomwe ilibe zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa, chifukwa chake siyokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, monga mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kapena mtundu wa autoimmune monga mtundu.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, pazaka 5 zotsatira, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga ndi motere:

ngati kuli ICA kokha, chiwopsezo ndi 4%,
pamaso pa ICA + mtundu wina wa antibody (aliyense mwa atatu: anti-GAD, anti-IA-2, IAA), chiopsezo ndi 20%,
pamaso pa ICA + mitundu ina ya antibodies, chiwopsezo ndi 35%,
pamaso pa mitundu yonse inayi yamankhwala osokoneza bongo, chiopsezo ndi 60%.

Poyerekeza: mwa anthu onse, ndi 0,4% pokha amene amadwala ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Ndikuuzani zambiri za izi padera.

Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndi kachilombo kapena kutupa. Chifukwa majeremusi amatha kuwawononga kuti asathenso kubereka. Popeza timadzi timeneti timasunthira shuga kuchokera m'magazi athupi la shuga, shuga wambiri amakhalabe m'magazi ngati chifuwa chasokonekera - izi zikutanthauza matenda ashuga. Ngakhale chotupa chiwononga chiwalo, chimayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Mowa umavulaza kapamba

Zosakhala bwino zingakhale zovulaza. Chifukwa chake, sakonda mowa ndipo amakonda kwambiri kuchuluka kwambiri. Mwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kwambiri mkati mwagalasi, madzi a glandular amatha kuwononga minofu yawo. Zotsatira zake, chiwalocho chimakwiya ndikuyamba kudzipukusa.

Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pankhaniyi ndikofunika kukumbukira:

mtundu I matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amayambitsidwa zochita za autoimmune motsutsana ndi maselo a kapamba wanu,
ndondomeko ya autoimmune kumanja kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka ndi kutsata kwakatikati
ma antibodies awa apezeka kale kwambiri zisanachitike zizindikiro zoyambirira Mtundu woyamba wa shuga,
kudziwika kwa antibody kumathandiza kusiyanitsa mtundu wa I ndi mtundu wa shuga wa II (Dziwani za matenda a shuga a LADA omwe ali ndi nthawi yake), dzipatseni mozama ndikupatseni mankhwala a insulin panthawi yake,
mwa akulu ndi ana nthawi zambiri amapezeka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antibodies ,
kuti mumve zambiri za kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidziwe mitundu 4 yonse ya ma antibodies (ICA, anti-GAD, anti-IA-2, IAA).

Zowonjezera

Zaka zaposachedwa zapezeka 5th autoantigen , pomwe ma antibodies amapangika mtundu I shuga. Iye ali ZnT8 zinc zotumiza (zosavuta kukumbukira: zinc (Zn) transporter (T) 8), yomwe imasungidwa ndi mtundu wa SLC30A8. ZnT8 zinc transporter imasuntha maatomu a zinc kupita ku masamba a pancreatic beta, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira insulin.

Iron paralyzes beta cell

Munthu akapitiliza kumwa, kutupika kwa kapamba kumatha kudwala. Kenako zimatha kudwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati 90% ya ma cell a beta mu kapamba awonongedwa. Nthawi zina, matenda a shuga amachititsanso matenda ena okhala ndi metabolic osiyana, monga otchedwa hemochromatosis. Mu nthenda yakubadwa iyi, thupi limatenga mchere wambiri kuchokera pazakudya zomwe zimafunikira.

Ma antibodies a ZnT8 nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya antibodies (ICA, anti-GAD, IAA, IA-2). Mtundu wa shuga wokoleza ukapezeka koyamba, ma antibodies opita ku ZnT8 amapezeka mu 60-80% ya milandu. Pafupifupi 30% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa I komanso kusapezeka kwa mitundu ina 4 yama autoantibodies ali ndi antibodies a ZnT8. Kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies awa ndi chizindikiro kuyamba koyambirira Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga komanso kusowa kwa insulin.

Zowonjezera izi zimayikidwa mu minofu yonse - kuphatikiza zikondamoyo, zomwe chitsulo chimatha kuwononga kwambiri, komanso kuwononga maselo a beta. M'malo mwake, 65 peresenti ya odwala omwe ali ndi hemochromatosis ali ndi matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi cystic fibrosis amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Cystic fibrosis ndimatenda osachiritsika amtundu. Thupi limayambitsa maselo a viscous mu ziwalo zambiri chifukwa cha genome losinthika, lomwe limapangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta komanso kumayambitsa zovuta zam'mimba. Zikondazo zimakhudzidwanso: minofu yonse, kuphatikizapo maselo a beta, amawonongeka.

Pofika mchaka cha 2014, kudziwa momwe ma antibodies a ZnT8 anali ovuta ngakhale ku Moscow.

Ma antibodies (at) kupita kwa ma cell a beta ndi cholembera omwe amawonetsa autoimmune pathology yama cell a beta omwe ali ndi vuto la kapangidwe ka insulin. Kuwunikaku kumayendetsedwa kuti athe kudziwa matenda a shuga (mtundu I), komanso kuchuluka kwa kukula kwake mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chibadwa chaku matendawa. Itha kupatsidwanso wopereka mwayi pancreatic.

Mahomoni opsinjika amasokoneza kupanga insulin

Matenda a shuga amathanso kuchitika ndi Cushing's syndrome. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi vuto ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timakhala pa impso zawo. Ziwalo izi zimatulutsa kupsinjika kwambiri kwa mahomoni a cortisol. Thupi limasintha pamene bongo wa cortisol walowa m'magazi. Matenda a Cushing amatulutsa mafuta enieni amthupi: nkhope yozungulira mwezi, khosi la ng'ombe kapena chifuwa chachikulu ndi manja ndi miyendo yopyapyala. Chifukwa magazi amakhala ndi cortisol yochulukirapo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhudzanso, ndipo zochita za insulin mthupi zimachulukirachulukira.

Kuzindikira kwa Anti Anti Kumapereka Kuzindikira

Kusamala ndikokayikira, kuyesa kwa ma antibodies motsutsana ndi insulin ndi ma antibodies motsutsana ndi ma enzymes ena a metabolic. Ngakhale amodzi kapena angapo mwa ma autoantibodies awa amapezeka m'magazi a matenda ashuga 1, sangapezeke mu mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga. Ngakhale kudziwidwa kwa antibody kukukhala kofunikira, Dann akuti ndizowopsa kwambiri momwe matenda a shuga a autoimmune angakwaniritsire.

Chip dongosolo ndi ntchito

Pansi pa chipuyo ndi zokutira zagolide zokulitsa chizindikirocho. Ma polyethylene glycol amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pake, omwe amakonza mitundu 1 yosankha ma antigen pa chip. Njira yodziwikirayi imamangidwa ndi utoto wa fluorescent, womwe umapezeka kumapeto kwa scanner.

Kukula kwa chizindikiro ndi nanostructures

Kuzindikirika kwa autoantibodies enieni a matenda amtundu wa 1 kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya fluorescence. Ngati ma antigen omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma microcircuit, ma autoantibodies omwe ali m'magazi, ndi ma antibodies omwe azindikira amamangirana wina ndi mnzake, chizindikiro cha utoto wapafupifupi wa infrared chingayesedwe mu sikani. Chidziwitso chamatekinoloje ku timu ya Stanford University School ndikuti magalasi omwe amapanga tchipisi chilichonse amakutidwa m'derali.

Mlozera wa positivity umapangidwira motere:

0.95-1.05 - zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikofunikira kubwereza phunzirolo.

1.05 - ndi zina - motsimikiza.

Madotolo adazindikira kuti kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa munthu yemwe amatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies, komanso kuchuluka kwa titer, kumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga.

Kukula kwawo kuli mu nanoscale. Zilumba zagolide izi komanso "nanograms" zapakati zimapangitsa kukulira kwakukulu kwa chizindikirochi, motero, ofufuza a Brian Feldman "atukula pafupifupi nthawi zana." Monga momwe mayeso pa maphunziro 39 adawonetsera, chidwi cha mayesowa ndi 100 peresenti, ndipo mawonekedwe apadera ndi 85 peresenti ali ofanana ndendende ndi kuzindikiridwa kwa ma antibodies a radioimmunoassay. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 adapeza njira zonse ziwiri molondola. Gulu lofufuzira ku America likuwona mwayi wabwino kuti chip chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi dokotala aliyense atakonzekera pang'ono, kuphatikiza pa scanner fluorescent, safunikira kuyesetsa kulikonse.

Pafupifupi, mtengo wa kusanthula ndi pafupifupi 1,500 rubles.