Magazi a cholesterol

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Cholesterol (cholesterol) ndi chophatikiza chopangidwa mkati mwa thupi la munthu, komanso chimachokera kunja, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma cell a cell ndikuchita nawo pakuphatikizika kwa mahomoni osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe. Kutchulidwa kwa cholesterol pakuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kudziwika ndi aliyense, kuti, atalandira zotsatira zina pakuwunika, akhale ndi lingaliro lolondola la thanzi lawo.

• Kodi cholesterol imayamba liti kukhala chiwopsezo?
• Makhalidwe apadera
• Zowopsa

Cholesterol siisungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa chake, imafunikira mafomu apadera oyendera (lipoproteins) kuti azitha kuyendayenda mozungulira thupi ndikuchita ntchito zake.

Kodi cholesterol imayamba liti kukhala chiwopsezo?

Nthawi zina cholesterol yomwe thupi limafunikira kwambiri imakhala chiopsezo kwa iyo ─ pamene ma metabolism amafuta asokonekera ndipo cholesterol imayamba kuyikidwa m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuchepetsa lumen yawo. Matendawa amapita pang'onopang'ono, madongosolo amakhudza mbali yonse ya mitsempha kuchokera mkati, chiwopsezo chotuluka chokwanira cha ziwiya kapena kupindika kwa zolembazo chikuwonjezereka ndi chitukuko cha zovuta za atherosulinosis.

Kuwongolera kagayidwe ka mafuta m'thupi, adotolo amafufuza mayeso amomwe ammagazi am'magazi, omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, triglycerides, zigawo za lipoproteins, komanso kuchuluka kwa atherogenicity.

Dokotala amathanso kufotokozera momwe cholesterol yeniyeni ndi zigawo zake zimasonyezedwera pakuwunika.

Mayeso olemba

Kodi cholesterol akuwonetsedwa bwanji mukuwunika? Funso ili ndilokondweretsa kwa odwala omwe akufuna kudzipereka mwakufuna kwawo kuyesedwa kwamwazi wamagazi. Ndikofunika kutsindika kuti popanda chidziwitso choyenera mu zamankhwala zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka.

Katswiri yekha ndiamene angapereke kuwunika kolondola kwa zidziwitso zomwe zimapezeka poganizira zonse zomwe zimapangitsa mu mawonekedwe a kukhalapo kwa concomitant pathologies, jenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo. Kudzidziwitsa kungakhale muyeso wosakhalitsa ngati wodwalayo alibe mwayi wofunsa dokotala chifukwa cha moyo. Zokonzeratu zanu siziyenera kukhala njira yodziwira njira zamankhwala.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Posachedwa, asayansi ndi madokotala akhala akuchita chidwi mwapadera ndi kuphunzira kwa chinthu choterocho. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mpaka pano, mowa wamafuta unkawonedwa ngati chinthu choyipa chomwe chimalimbikitsa kwambiri mitsempha yamagazi. Osati kale kwambiri, asayansi adazindikira kuti thupi la munthu silingakhalepo popanda chinthu choterocho, chifukwa limapereka:

• kusinthika kwamapangidwe amitundu,
• amatenga nawo mbali pazochitika "zomanga" maselo atsopano,
• amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu a mahomoni ogonana a anthu,
• imapereka kapangidwe ka vitamini D wathanzi ndi thupi,
• Zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi collagen mulingo woyenera.

Chifukwa chiyani panali kusamvana kwina panthawi yophunzira zinthuzo pofufuza phindu ndi zovuta zake, ndipo kodi chinthu chopangidwa ndi thupi chokha chimatha kuvulaza bwanji ziwiya? Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'magazi a anthu, cholesterol imakhalapo mwa mawonekedwe a phula limodzi ndi mapuloteni. Mitundu yofananira imakhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana. Kutchulidwa kwa cholesterol poyesa magazi kungakhale motere:

• highensens lip liprrinin (wotchedwa HDL) - ndi chinthu chofunikira ndipo chimatsimikizira kuti kuchotsa kwa cholesterol ku mtsempha wamagazi,
• otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein (LDL) - phula lomwe kudzikulitsa kwake mthupi kuli pachiwopsezo kwa anthu. Poyerekeza ndi kuphwanya koteroko, kutsimikizira kwa chiwonetsero cha atherosulinosis kumayamba, pali chiopsezo cha thrombosis ndi kuphwanya kwina kwa chinthucho,
• kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kopoprotein (VLDL) ndiye chinthu choopsa kwambiri, ndikuwonjezereka kwa magazi a wodwalayo kumayamba kukhala kwamitambo ndikupeza mtundu wina wamkaka. Pulogalamuyi imakhala makamaka ndi triglycerides ndi cholesterol.

Kudziwika kwa cholesterol kokayezetsa magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika. Pofufuza momwe masinthidwe amathandizidwe akuchulukirachulukira, dokotala amapeza mwayi wosinthira mankhwalawo. Mukamayesedwa, mndandanda wazinthu zokhala mgawo uliwonse umawunikidwa payokha. Mtengo wa cholesterol yathunthu sikumakulolani kuti mupeze chithunzi cholondola, ndichifukwa choti ndi index ya atherogenicity, yoperekedwa monga gawo la kuchuluka kwa HDL ku LDL, ndizofunikira.

Kutsimikiza kwa mlozo wa atherogenic

Kuwerenga kwa index inayake ya atherogenic kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chithunzi cholondola, chothandiza posankha kuchuluka pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa.

Mukawerengera mtengo wake, mafomula osavuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauza kuwerengera kwa chisonyezo cha HDL kuchokera pamtengo wa kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa cholesterol. Nambala yomwe ikubwera iyenera kugawidwa ndi chisonyezo cha LDL.

Yang'anani! Mlozera wabwinobwino wa atherogenic wa amuna ndi akazi wazaka 30 mpaka 560 amatha kusinthasintha pakati pa magawo 2 ndi 3.7. Zizindikiro pamtunda wa 3 zitha kuwonetsa kuwopsa kwa matenda a mtima. Chizindikiro pansipa zovomerezeka sichimawonedwa kwenikweni mwa odwala a m'badwo uno. Kuperewera kwa phindu kapena kupeza zotsatira za zero ndi chizindikiro chabwino chokhala ndi thanzi lamankhwala, malinga ngati mfundo za LDL ndi HDL zimasinthasintha pazovomerezeka.

Monga lothandizira wothandizira cholesterol poyesa magazi

Zizindikiro zopezeka pakuyesedwa kwa magazi zimasiyanitsidwa, ndiye kuti sizipereka chithunzi chokwanira. Ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, kapena makamaka ndi kutsatsa kwawo, zambiri kuchokera patebulo zingathandize.

Malo azidziwitso amakono amagwiritsa ntchito zida zaposachedwa kuti apeze zolemba zamagazi patangotha ​​maola ochepa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zomwe zatulutsidwa chifukwa cha kafukufukuyu sizingawoneke ngati zolondola zokha. Ngati wodwala akumva bwino, koma mayeso a labotale alibe, kuyesedwa kuyenera kubwerezedwa. The achire zotsatira akuyamba pambuyo kutsimikiza molondola kukula kwa matenda.

Yang'anani! Cholinga chowonetsera cholakwika muzotsatira za kafukufukuyu sichingakhale kutsatira malamulo oyambira kukonzekera kafukufukuyu.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera njira yomwe ma labotale amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuti mupeze chithunzi cholondola, ayenera kufananizidwa ndi mtengo wolozera mwanjira inayake yoyeserera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusankhidwa kwa zotsatira zoyeserera kuyenera kuchitika kokha ndi dokotala yemwe amadziwa momwe cholesterol imasonyezedwera komanso zomwe zofunikira zake zimatha kupezeka m'magazi a wodwala.

Pambuyo pa kufufuza ndi kupeza zotsatira zotsimikiziridwa, ngati kuli kofunikira, njira yofunikira yothandizira achire imatsimikiza. Nthawi zambiri, ma fiber ndi ma statin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika pazofunikira. Kudya kwawo kuyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala, chifukwa amathanso kukhudza thupi la munthu wina mosiyanasiyana. Atherosulinosis ndi matenda omwe ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi chofunikira pakuwunika mayeso, zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa panthawi yake kupezeka kwa zofunikira zakukula kwa matendawa.

Kodi cholesterol imawonetsedwa bwanji poyesa magazi?

M'malo ambiri olemba, dzina la cholesterol poyesa magazi limafotokozera Chilatini. Tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito mwachidule - HDL ndi LDL. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe cholesterol imasonyezedwera mu kusanthula, muyenera kudziwa njira zingapo zowerengera:

• cholesterol yathunthu, Chol (сholesterol), TC (cholesterol yathunthu),
• HDL, HDL (lipoprotein (high density lipoprotein) - lipoprotein okwera, "lipid" wabwino,
• LDL, LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein) - otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein, "zoyipa",
• TG (Triglycer>) Zachipatala zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito chidule cha Chirasha ndi Chilatini. Zimatengera chipatala ndi zasayansi zomwe zimazipenda.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula?

Kodi kukonzekera zopereka magazi ndi cholesterol kuyenera kukhala chiyani? Kodi chizindikirocho chikuwonetsedwa bwanji pafomu? Awa ndimafunso omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri omwe muyenera kudziwa yankho lake.

Kukonzekera njirayi

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zenizeni, muyenera kutsatira malamulowo:

1. kukana chakudya pafupifupi maola 8 (perekani magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu),
2. Pakadutsa masiku atatu musanayambe njirayi, pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa,
3. Maola atatu asanatenge zinthu, musasute,
4. khazikani mtima pansi mpaka musachite mantha,
5. Musachulukitse masiku 1-2 musanayambe njirayi.
6. Masiku 1-2 musanachotsere magazi, muchepetsani kudya kwamafuta ndi mafuta okazinga.

Amayi amatha kupereka magazi chifukwa cha cholesterol nthawi iliyonse ya msambo. Mwana akamayesedwa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti amachepetsa asanatenge magazi. Kuti mwana azimva kukhala wotetezeka, bwerani kuofesi yopereka magazi pasadakhale.

Zofunika! Ngati munthu amwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, ndiye kuti onse omwe amapita kuchipatala ndi othandizira adokotala ayenera kuchenjezedwa za izi.

Zizindikiro zakusanthula

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za kapangidwe ka cholesterol poyesa magazi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zisonyezo zachindunji pakuphunziraku. Nthawi zina munthu samadziwa za cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi, koma izi ndizowopsa.

Matenda a shuga

Pali matenda ndi mikhalidwe zingapo pamene zopereka za magazi ndizofunikira kuchita:

• ndi matenda oopsa
• ndi matenda ashuga
• ndi matenda a mtima
• ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kuperekedwa ku kusanthula uku kwa osuta komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chidakwa. Zizolowezi zoyipazi zimakhudza thanzi la mitsempha yamagazi, kotero kuti kupereka magazi kuti muwoneke ndikofunikira nthawi imodzi pachaka.

Kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa LDL kumaimilira amuna pambuyo pa zaka 45 ndi akazi pa nthawi ya kusamba. Akuluakulu amakumana ndi zovuta za atherosulinotic chifukwa chochepa pang'onopang'ono, moyo wopanda ntchito, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zizolowezi zoyipa. Mapangidwe amwazi wa magazi amatha kuzindikira malo "ofooka" m'thupi. Kuyeza magazi kwambiri kumathandiza madokotala kukhazikitsa matenda ndi kudziwa mtundu woyenera wa mankhwala.

Mbiri ya Lipid ndi cholesterol yathunthu

Mbiri ya lipid ndi kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa magazi, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a lipid ndikuwonetsa zomwe zili ndi cholesterol yonse, lipoprotein yapamwamba komanso yotsika, komanso triglycerides. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikaku kumatsimikizira kuwerengedwa kwa zizindikirozi. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha mbiri ya lipid ndi cholesterol yathunthu. Amawonetsera magazi athunthu pazinthu monga serol.

Cholesterol ndi mowa wonga mafuta osasungunuka m'madzi. Pali magwero awiri a cholesterol m'thupi la munthu: kunja, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kudya zamafuta, komanso amkati - thupi limapanga cholesterol yokha. Ndi zosokoneza zina za metabolic, mapangidwe a cholesterol amapezeka mwachangu kuposa masiku onse. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mulingo wake m'magazi.

C cholesterol chokwanira chikuwonetsedwa Latin - CHOL. Malinga ndi malingaliro aposachedwa ndi World Health Organisation, zikutsatira izi zomwe zikuwunika kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse m'mwazi:

• zosakwana 5.15 mmol / l - bwino,
• 5.15 mpaka 6.18 mmol / l - m'malire,
• zopitilira 6.2 mmol / l - mtengo wapamwamba.

Kuwonjezeka kwa izi sikuwonetsa osati zovuta za metabolic zokha, komanso kukula kwa matenda ena. Pathology imawerengedwa kuti ndi yowonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa zizindikirozi.

Chomwe chikuwonjezera cholesterol yathunthu, kapena hypercholesterolemia, imawonedwa ndi zotsatirazi zina ndi zina:

• kumwa kwambiri mafuta okwanira ndi chakudya,
• kufalikira kwa ma ducts a bile,
• matenda a mtima
• hypothyroidism
• matenda ashuga
• gout
• matenda a chiwindi
• kudziwika kwam'banja kwa hypercholesterolemia,
• kusowa kwa kukula kwamafuta.

Ngati pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati mayi akuwonetsa kuchepa kolesteroli kokwanira, osadandaula, chifukwa izi zimawonekera ngati chizolowezi. Kupereka magazi kumatha kubweretsanso zomwezo mukamamwa mankhwala ena kuchokera ku gulu la okodzetsa ndi androgens, komanso cyclosporine, amiodarone, ergocalciferol.

Hypocholesterolemia, kapena kuchepa kwa cholesterol yathunthu, kumatha kuchitika ngati wodwalayo atayezetsa magazi atasala kudya kwakanthawi kapenanso akudya kwambiri m'mafuta ambiri. Kutsika kwa chizindikirochi kungasonyezenso malabsorption syndrome, necrosis ya chiwindi, hyperthyroidism, megaloblastic anemia, rheumatism.

Hypocholesterolemia imatha kuchitika ndi odwala omwe amawotcha kwambiri, amatenda kwambiri, kapena obwerera m'maganizo. Ndi kuphwanya kwa cholowa cha hemoglobin kaphatikizidwe, cholesterol chizindikiro idzachepetsedwa.

Mtengo wa triglycerides ndi lipoproteins pakuwunika

Triglycerides ndi mankhwala acids apadera ndi glycerol. Kwenikweni, zinthuzi zimadziunjikira minofu ya adipose, pomwe plasma imakhala yochepa. Ma lipids oterewa ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mthupi. Koma kuchuluka kwa triglycerides kukwera limodzi ndi otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins, chiopsezo cha matenda amtima ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Kuchulukirapo kwa triglycerides komwe kwatsalira ndikuwotcha ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu ndikupanga cholesterol ndipo imayikidwa mu mafuta. Triglycerides akuwonetsedwa ndi zilembo za Chilatini TRIG. Pamene triglycerides m'magazi ipitilira chisonyezero choposa 2.3 mmol / l, pali chifukwa chilichonse chokhulupirira kuti wodwalayo amapanga atherosulinosis. Mtengo woposa 5.6 mmol / L umawerengedwa ngati chisonyezo chokwera kwambiri. Mtengo wabwinobwino kuchokera pa 1.8 mpaka 2.2 mmol / L.

Ma triglycerides apamwamba amawonedwanso ndi shuga okwera. Cholesterol imatha kukhala yamitundu iwiri: kachulukidwe kochepa komanso kachulukidwe kakakulu. Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizofunikira pakuwunika kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi kudziwiratu kwake. Cholesterol yotsika kwambiri imawonedwa kuti ndi "yoyipa" chifukwa ndiyomwe imayika pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi momwe amalemba.

Kapangidwe kake ndikuti samasungunuka ndikuyimitsidwa. Lowensens lipoproteins ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsa zamankhwala amwazi, chifukwa ndizomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis. Komanso, zinthu izi zimatchedwa atherogenic. Amapangidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikumayendetsa triglycerides kupita ku kayendedwe kazungulire.

Zambiri mwa lipids izi zimapangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi, ndipo ena amabwera ndi chakudya.Chiwindi chikayamba kupanga cholesterol chotere mophatikiza, kuwonjezera apo, chimachokera kunja, ndiye kuti ilibe nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndikudziunjikira m'thupi. LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins) imayamba kuchokera pazokhazikika kupita pamwamba kwambiri. Mtengo woyenera ndi mulingo wa otsika osachulukitsa lipoprotein osaposa 2.6 mmol / l.

Akatswiri ovomerezeka amazindikira pomwe chizindikirochi chili mgulidwe wa 2.6-3.35 mmol / l. Koma pomwe kusanthula kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake kuchokera ku 3.4-4.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti ili ndi mtengo wamalire. LDL kuchokera ku 4.1 ndi okwera 4.9 mmol / L amayimilira okwera komanso okwera kwambiri. Cholesterol yabwino, kapena kupindika kwambiri lipoproteins (HDL), imakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi atherosulinotic.

Samapweteketsa mafuta m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuwonjezera apo, amatsutsana ndi njirayi. Mukamayang'ana zotsatira za lipidograms, kuchepa kwa HDL kumawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cholakwika. Kuwonjezeka pamlingo wake sikuwonedwe ngati matenda. Mulingo wa lipoprotein wapamwamba kwambiri umawerengeredwa ndi mfundo zovomerezeka machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi.

Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa HDL mwa akazi ndi wochepera 0,9 mmol / l umawonedwa ngati chisonyezo cha chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a atherosulinosis ndi matenda a mtima. Ngati chizindikiro ichi mwa amuna akulu ndi ochepera 1.16, ndiye kuti chimawonedwanso chimodzimodzi. Kukula kwa cholesterol yayikulu kwambiri kwa amuna ndi akazi kuposa 1.6 mmol / l. Mtengo uwu umawonetsa chiopsezo chochepa chotengera atherosclerosis.

Mndandanda wa atherogenic

Kukwanira, kapena cholozera cha atherogenicity kumasonyezedwa ndi chikwangwani "CATR". Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein okwera komanso otsika. Imawunika kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda amtima. Mlozera wa atherogenicity ndiye chisonyezo chomaliza cha mbiri yonse ya lipid, chifukwa imawerengeredwa pamaziko a zisonyezo zake zina zonse.

Mtengo wabwinobwino wa index ya atherogenic ndi 2-2, 9 mmol / l. Kwa akazi, mtengo wa mayunitsi 3.2 ndiwomwe ungovomerezeka, pomwe kwa abambo, mtengo wofananawo ndi wokwera pang'ono - 3.5. Kuzindikiritsa kuchuluka kotereku pamwamba pa 4.7 mmol / l kumawonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi njira yotchulira mankhwala a atherosselotic m'matumba.

Kuwunikira kwa cholesterol imaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchititsa chochitika ichi m'mawa mutagona usiku wonse. Madzulo, ndikofunikira kupatula kupsinjika kulikonse kwa psychoemotional ndi thupi. Kumwa musanadutse mayeso sikovomerezeka. Mbiri ya lipid nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti mudziwe mtundu wa cholesterol ndikuzindikira zovuta.

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda a m'magazi kumapewetsa kupitilira kwa atherosulinosis komanso kukula kwa zovuta zake, monga myocardial infarction, matenda a mtima, stroko. Komabe, potengera zotsatira za kuwunika pa mbiri ya lipid, ndizosatheka kudziwa kukula kwa cholesterol plaque, ngati alipo.

Kudziwa momwe cholesterol imasonyezedwera poyesa magazi, mutha kudziwa ngati pali kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein. Mbiri ya lipid imaphatikizapo zisonyezo zingapo zofunika, koma chopindulitsa kwambiri ndi mndandanda, kapena coeffokwanira, wa atherogenicity.

Makhalidwe apadera

Talandira zotsatira za phunziroli, zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana:

• Wonetsera cholesterol yathunthu pakuwunika kwa magazi ndi masapidwe monga "Chol" kapena "TC". Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirocho sichidutsa 5.2 mmol / L. Ndi kuwonjezeka, atherosulinosis imayamba kukulira.
• Latin "TG" kapena "TRIG" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza triglycerides. Amapangidwa mu khoma lamatumbo chifukwa chobwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zimasokonekera mafuta kenako, ndikuphatikizidwa m'mafomu a mayendedwe, kulowa m'magazi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, triglycerides sapitirira 1.77 mmol / L.

• Chidule cha "HDL" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa lipoprotein. Njira zamtunduwu za lipids zimagwira ntchito poletsa matenda a atherosulinosis: zimagwira cholesterol yowonjezera kuchokera ku zotumphukira ndikuzipereka kwa chiwindi kuti chiziwugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchotsa m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kutenga cholesterol kuchokera kwaonyamula ena. Chizindikirocho chikuyenera kupitirira 1.20 mmol / L.
• "VLDL" lip lipoprotein yotsika kwambiri yomwe imayendetsa cholesterol ndi mafuta acids kumisempha monga nyumba yomanga komanso mphamvu. Lipoprotein yamtunduwu imapangidwa m'chiwindi, imalowa m'magazi ndipo pang'onopang'ono imapereka mafuta m'thupi komanso mafuta achilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi lipoprotein lipase. Potere, lipoproteins imasinthidwa kukhala ya otsika kochepa. Udindo wawo pakupita patsogolo kwa zotupa zamatenda am'mimba zimatsimikiziridwa. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirocho sichokwanira kuposa 1.04 mmol / l.
• Malembawa "LDL" amatanthauza lipoproteins otsika kwambiri. Amapangidwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka lipoproteins ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri ka ndende yamafuta. Ntchito yawo yayikulu, komanso zomwe tafotokozazi, ndikubwerera kwa mafuta m'thupi. Amatenga nawo mbali pakukula kwa atherosulinosis. Ayenera kukhala ochepera 3.00 mmol / L.
• "IA" ─ mgwirizano wa atherogenicity. Amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma atherogenic komanso osagwirizana ndi atopgenote a lipoproteins. Kukulitsa pamwamba pa 3.5 mmol / L kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zake.

Zowopsa

Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsimikiza kwa cholesterol ndi magawo ake kwa anthu payekha:

• Ndi cholowa chamtsogolo. Milandu yotchuka ya mabanja yachangu, yankhanza ya atherosclerosis.
• Omwe akuvutika ndi matenda oopsa, makamaka ngati matendawa sanakhazikitsidwe, pali zochitika zina zowonjezera.
• Ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa thupi (index ya kuchuluka kwa thupi kwa anthu opitilira 30 kumawonetsa kale kunenepa kwambiri, ngati simukuchepetsa thupi kukhala labwinobwino, chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima chokwanira).
• Oledzera komanso osuta fodya.
• Okalamba, azimayi a postmenopausal.
• Ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa mulingo wa lipid wanu ndikusintha nthawi. Ndikokwanira kuti wina asinthe chakudya ndi moyo, wina amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala. Zisankho zonse zimapangidwa ndi adotolo opezekapo, amathandiza kukhala ndi thanzi la odwala kwa zaka zambiri zikubwera.

Mafuta m'thupi

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol ndi imodzi mwamafukufuku ofunika kwambiri omwe amathandiza kuyesa kuchuluka kwa matupi a cholesterol m'magazi, omwe angasonyeze thanzi la munthu. Phunziro lomwe limachitika panthawi yake limathandiza kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa pathologies kumayambiriro (mtima atherosulinosis, thrombophlebitis, matenda a mtima). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupereka magazi a cholesterol osachepera nthawi imodzi pachaka, zomwe zidzakhale zofunikira pakudziyang'anira pawokha. Zomwe zimatsimikizira zotsatira zakusanthula zimati, ndi zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe, tikambirana mopitilira.

Cholesterol: mdani kapena bwenzi?

Musanafike pakupanga, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti cholesterol ndi chiyani. Cholesterol ndi mafuta osungunuka omwe amapangidwa ndi ma cell a chiwindi, impso ndi ma adrenal gland kuti alimbikitse ziwalo zam'mimba, kupangitsa kuti akhale ndi mphamvu. Komanso, maselo amenewa amagwira ntchito zofunikira zotsatirazi:

• kutenga nawo kaphatikizidwe ndi mayamwidwe a vitamini D,
• nawo kapangidwe ka bile,
• Lolani maselo ofiira kuti apewe hemolysis isanakwane.
• kutenga nawo mbali popanga mahomoni a steroid.

Ntchito zofunika kwambiri izi za cholesterol zimawonetsa kufunikira kwake kwakuthupi. Komabe, ngati kumangika kwake kuli kopanda vuto, mavuto angayambike.

Yokha, cholesterol siyisungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa chake, mayendedwe athunthu ndi kutaya, ma molekyulu apadera a protein - apoprotein amafunikira. Maselo a cholesterol akagwirizana ndi apoproteins, pokhazikitsa khola - lipoprotein, lomwe limasungunuka mosavuta ndikuyenda mwachangu kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwamapuloteni omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi molekyulu ya cholesterol, lipoproteins imatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo:

1. Lowensens lipoproteins (VLDL) yocheperachepera - gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a molekyulu imodzi, yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri pakuyenda kwathunthu ndi kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi. Njirayi imathandizira kuti magazi ake azikwana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azituluka ndimatenda osiyanasiyana.
2. Lowensens lipoproteins (LDL) - molekyulu yochepetsetsa pa molekyu imodzi. Zinthu zoterezi sizigwira ntchito ndipo sizisungunuka bwino, motero zimakhala zotheka kukhazikika m'matumba.
3. Ma high density lipoproteins (HDL) ndi mankhwala okhazikika omwe amayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungunuka m'madzi.
4. Ma Chylomicrons ndiwo ma cholesterol akuluakulu kwambiri okhala ndi madzi osayenda komanso osasungunuka m'madzi.

Mafuta a cholesterol amafunikira, komabe, mitundu yake ina imatha kupangitsa kuti matenda atukuke. Chifukwa chake, ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri amadziwika kuti ndi cholesterol yoyipa, yomwe imatsogolera kumatupa amitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi yomweyo, ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri ndiwotsimikizira zaumoyo komanso kufunika kwa njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi. Biochemistry imakupatsani mwayi wodziwikiratu ku chitukuko cha matenda ogwirizana ndi kuchuluka ndi kuyenerera kwa cholesterol m'magazi.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol: zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chizoloŵezi chawo

Kuti muwone kuchuluka ndi kupezeka kwa mitundu yonse ya cholesterol m'magazi, kuwunika kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsatira zake zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu mbiri ya lipid. Izi zikuphatikiza zizindikiro monga cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, lipoproteins yapamwamba, otsika osalimba lipoproteins, atherogenicity index. Mafuta a cholesterol amatsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kumakupatsani mwayi wowona mavuto azaumoyo, omwe amakupangitsani kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumawonetsa chithunzi chapamwamba chabe, ngati zotulukapo zake zikupatuka pazochitika, ndiye kuti kuli koyenera kuchita kafukufuku watsatanetsatane.

C cholesterol chonse

Chizindikiro cha cholesterol yathunthu m'madzi a m'magazi chikuwonetsa kuyika kwake mmol / L. Chizindikirochi chimadziwika ndi zomwe zimachitika m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi magazi, komanso zimatha kuwonetsa mtundu wa njira zama metabolic. Kusanthula kumeneku ndiye koyambirira, chifukwa kumawunika zaumoyo, komanso kufunikira kochita kafukufuku wowonjezera, wocheperako (HDL, LDL).

Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino chimatengera mawonekedwe monga zaka ndi jenda. Ganizirani zofunikira za cholesterol yathunthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana ndi akazi, yomwe ili ndi tebulo.

C cholesterol yathunthu imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kagayidwe kachakudya kamene kamapezeka mthupi ndi zopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti kakhalidwe kake pamoyo wonse kamasiyana. Pakupanga kwa mahomoni, zizindikiro zimachepetsa malire, komanso pafupi ndi ukalamba, pamene metabolism imachepetsedwa kwambiri, mtengo wake umakhala wokwera kangapo.

Lowensens lipoproteins

Gululi la cholesterol ndilowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, zinthu zoyenera kwambiri zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi 2.3-4.7 mmol / L kwa abambo ndi 1.9-4.2 mmol / L yokhazikika kwa amayi. Kupitilira muyeso wazizindikiro izi kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda amtima wamagazi, komanso kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka metabolic.

Triglycerides

Mwa amuna, malire omwe amakhala kumtunda amafikira 3,6 mmol / L, pomwe chizolowezi mwa akazi chimakhala chocheperako - 2.5 mmol / L. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi, chifukwa thupi laimuna limafunanso michere yambiri komanso mafuta. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwamomweku kumathandiza kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa triglycerides, mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi.

Kodi muyenera kuchita motani ndipo liti?

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutenga mayeso a cholesterol osachepera 1 pachaka, ngati palibe madandaulo azachipatala, ndipo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, bola ngati pali zovuta zolemera kwambiri, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima. Kudziletsa kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda owopsa, komanso kuchepetsa mwayi womwalira msanga.

Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, koma musanachite, muyenera kukonzekera:

1. Osamadya maola asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi musanalandire magazi.
2. Osamamwa mowa tsiku latha.
3. Idyani mwachizolowezi, kuchepetsa zakudya zomwe zili ndi shuga komanso zamafuta.
4. Chepetsani kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe.
5. Puma mokwanira komanso kugona.
6. Pewani kupsinjika ndi kukhumudwa.

Kuwunikaku sikumangowonetsetsa momwe thanzi likuyendera, komanso kuwonetsa mphamvu zakuchira matenda ena.

Chifukwa chake, kusankha kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol kumakhala ndi zisonyezo zingapo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuyeza kumeneku ndikofunikira kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto a mtima komanso mtima. Kuchepetsa kumene kumachitika ndi odwala mu labotale ndikosavuta ndipo kumakhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mudziyang'anire nokha zaumoyo wanu, musanakumane ndi katswiri.

Kodi kuyesedwa kwa cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Pakayezetsa magazi ambiri, ndizosatheka kudziwa mamolekyulu a cholesterol. Biochemistry imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti izindikiritse iwo. Imawululira cholesterol "yoyipa", yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi zilembo zazikuluzikulu zake zamankhwala amitundu mitundu.

Kusanthulaku kukuwonetsedwa kwa anthu omwe akukayikira zovuta za atherosulinotic mu makoma a mtima. Omaliza amatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kupanikizika kumapitilira. Amadziwika akamayeza ndi tonometer ndikujambulira zizindikiro mu diary yapadera. Ngati magazi a systolic ndi diastolic achulukira pafupipafupi, tikulankhula za matenda oopsa motsutsana ndi maziko a atherosulinosis.
• Chizungulire, paresthesia, ndi kusazindikira kwa mphamvu. Zizindikiro zimawonekera pamene njira ya atherosulinotic ikafika ku ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono kapena zapakati pa mantha.
• Kupuma pang'ono. Poyerekeza ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, mtima wa "pulmonary" umawoneka. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa lamanzere lamitsempha lamanzere - kuchepa kwake. Wodwalayo amayamba kulephera kupuma.
• Cyanosis yamakona atatu a nasolabial. Cyanosis ya distal phalanges ya zala zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi zambiri zimalumikizana nayo. Izi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwama oxygen m'magawo amthupi.
• Kukhathamira kwa capillaries, mitsempha ndi mitsempha pansi pa khungu. Nthawi zambiri pa nthawi yomweyo kutulutsa kwake kumawonedwa.
• Kuzindikira kwa ntchito za wodwala. Izi zikuphatikiza luso la kulingalira, kukumbukira zochitika zatsopano ndi kukumbukira akale.

Kukonzekera kuphedwa

Zachilengedwe zimatengedwa ndi namwino mu labotale. Kukonzekera mwachindunji kokha ndikofunikira kwa wodwala. Tsiku lisanafike mayeso, wodwalayo amayenera kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi zokazinga, zakudya zokhala ndi zoteteza zambiri, olimbitsa, utoto ndi zowonjezera zonunkhira. Patsiku lochezera alendo, wodwala sayenera kudya chakudya cham'mawa. Mutha kumwa madzi opanda mpweya. Munthu sayenera kudzichulukitsa yekha ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Zonsezi zimatha kukhudza mayendedwe ake a mahomoni ndi homeostasis ya thupi lonse. Kunyalanyaza malamulo okonzekera kumaphatikizapo zotsatira zabodza komanso kufunikanso kuti tionenso bwino.

Zimachitika bwanji?

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuchipatala kwa cholesterol kumachitika mu labotale yapadera movutikira.Kuti atole chovomerezeka chonse cha zinthu zachilengedwe, namwinoyo amaika flagellum padzanja la wodwalayo ndikupempha wodwalayo kuti asunthike ndi nthambiyo, ngati kuti akupondera wopikulitsa. Pambuyo pake, ulendowu umasungunuka ndikupangika kwa mtsempha. Atatenga kuchuluka kwa magazi okwanira, zotengera zopanda kanthu zimasindikizidwa ndikuzitumiza pagawo lina. M'malo a labotale, akatswiri akuyesera kuti apeze lipoprotein yapamwamba, yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri, mamolekyulu a cholesterol ndi triglycerides pazinthu za hematological.

Kodi cholesterol ikuwonetsedwa bwanji muzotsatira?

Kuti musankhe bwino, muyenera kudziwa momwe chizindikirochi chimalembedwera. Ndipo ngati mu kusanthula kwa zamankhwala amitundu mitundu yonse cholesterol imasonyezedwa ndi liwu loti "lipids", ndiye kuti zolembera zimalembedwa nthawi zonse pamagawo ake. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumapangitsa madokotala kudziwa okha chisonyezo chomwe akufuna. Kutchulidwa kwa cholesterol pakuwunika magazi a biochemical ndi chidule cha mawu achipatala kapena omwe aku Latin, omwe amaperekedwa pagome:

Kuti mudziwe phindu la cholesterol yathunthu, kuwunika kwamankhwala am'magazi kumachitika mu labotale kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho chonyamulika chokhala ndi zingwe zoyeserera. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino ngati zakonzedwa bwino. Zida zimatengedwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zofunika:

• kupatula mowa patsiku,
• osamadya mpaka maola 12,
• osasuta
• m'masiku awiri kukana zakudya zamafuta,
• Pamaso pa njirayi, pumulani, khazikani mtima pansi.

Kufotokozera kwa zizindikiro

Pali zikhalidwe za m'badwo za kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a cholesterol. Mwachitsanzo, mwa ana obadwa kumene, 3.5 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi mtengo wokhazikika, ndipo mwa ana aang'ono chizindikiro ichi chimakwera mpaka 5 mmol / lita.

Kusintha koteroko kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa thupi, monga tafotokozera m'buku la sayansi mu magazini ya Atherosulinosis ndi Dyslipidemia. Kulowetsa chidwi kwa achikulire nthawi zambiri kumapereka zolakwika, chifukwa zomwe zimakhala m'magazi a cholesterol mamolekyule, ma lipoprotein amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi triglycerides zimatengera njira ya moyo, mawonekedwe a mahomoni ndi msinkhu. Mwachitsanzo, mwa azimayi, LDL ndi VLDL amatha kukula pa msambo, pakati komanso pakabereka. Chizindikiro chokhazikika kwa iwo ndi 3.5, pomwe amuna - 4.8 mmol / l.

Kusankha kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kumadalira zida zama labotale, ndipo zomwe zimagwirizana zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Makhalidwewa azikhala osiyana kwa akulu ndi ana, abambo, amayi. Mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi pakati, umakwera mwa okalamba. Kuzindikira ndikofunikira - chikhalidwe cha cholesterol m'magazi ndi chofunikira motani - chifukwa ndiyofunikira pakachitidwe ka thupi. Ndi kutenga nawo thunthu kumachitika:

• mafuta kagayidwe
• Malangizo a kagayidwe kachakudya maselo,
• mafuta acid synthesis
• mapangidwe a serotonin, vitamini D,
• mchere kagayidwe
• mapangidwe mahomoni ogonana.

Izi kuchokera ku chiwindi zimayendetsedwa kudzera m'thupi monga gawo la lipoprotein - mankhwala ophatikizika ndi mapuloteni. Gawo lachitatu la ilo lili mwaulere. Kafukufuku wazomwe zili ndi lipoproteins amatchedwa lipid spectrum ndipo akuphatikiza zizindikiro zingapo. Ma cholesteroli otsatirawa poyesedwa magazi amalandiridwa:

• Chol - cholesterol yathunthu kapena mafuta m'thupi,
• HDL - HDL - lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri,
• LDL - HDL - lipoproteins otsika,
• TG - TG - triglycerides.

Pali malingaliro a cholesterol yoyipa yabwino. HDL - yowonedwa ngati yoyipa. Izi zimapangitsa kupangika kwa mapepala ofala mitsempha yamagazi. Kulephera kwa mtima kumachitika, miyala mu mawonekedwe a ndulu. Kulera kumayambitsa zakudya zamafuta. Chizindikiro cha akazi sichotsika kuposa - 1.02 mmol / l. Kwa amuna, mpaka 1,49 mmol / L. Mutha kutsitsa mtengo mwa kudya, kuletsa zakudya zamafuta, shuga. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala apadera - ma statins, athandizira kuchepetsa.