Mulingo wa insulin ana

Kasitomala ndi chiwalo chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi chimbudzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likhale lolimba. Insulin ndi amodzi mwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi gland. Izi zimagwira ntchito yogawa shuga (glucose) m'maselo ndi minyewa kuti aziwapatsa mphamvu. Zizindikiro za Hormone zimasungidwa pamlingo wofunikira gawo lina la zochitika za anthu.

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Mwa mwana, kuchuluka kwa insulin kokhazikika kumasiyana ndi akuluakulu komanso akuluakulu. Muyeso wa insulin m'mwazi wa ana, kupatuka ndi njira zothetsera mavuto awa zakambidwanso m'nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chiyani thupi likufunika insulini?

Chakudya chikalowa m'thupi, chimadzigawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Monosaccharides ndi chitsanzo cha "zomanga" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo ndi minofu ya thupi popezera zosowa zawo zamagetsi.

Munthu akangomaliza kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake kumatuluka, komwe kapamba amalandila chizindikiro. Yankho ndikumasulidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini, yomwe ntchito yawo ndi kunyamula shuga m'thupi lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imakhudzidwa ndikupanga shuga m'misempha ya minofu ndi mafuta.

Ntchito zina za timadzi timene timagwira ntchito:

imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acid m'chiwindi,
imayendetsa njira za kupanga mapuloteni m'thupi,
imalepheretsa kuchepa kwa matupi a glycogen ndi acetone,
Imaletsa njira yogawa maselo amafuta,
amalepheretsa kuchepa kwa zinthu za protein m'maselo a minofu.

Ntchito wamba

Mlingo wa insulin mwa ana ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu. Chiwerengero chololedwa cha mahomoni pamimba yopanda 20 ndi 20 mkU / l, osachepera 3 mkU / l. Manambalawa amatha kunyadira mwana wosakwana zaka 12.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wa mahomoni mu achinyamata opitirira zaka 12 zakubadwa umafanana ndi zizindikiro zachikulire:

mulingo wovomerezeka ndi 25 μU / l,
mulingo wocheperako ndi 3 mkU / l.

Kuyesa kwa magazi

Wodwala amadutsa biomaterial pamimba yopanda kanthu mu labotale. Kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zolondola, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kusonkhanitsa kwazinthu. Mwa ichi, chakudya chomaliza sichikhala pasanathe maola 10-12 isanafike nthawi ya kuyamwa. M'mawa mutha kumwa madzi kapena mchere wopanda madzi.

Muyeneranso kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mano, kutafuna chingamu, kusuta.

Kudziletsa kwa glucose kulolerana

Njira yakufufuzira iyi idakhazikitsidwa poti wodwalayo amagonjera biomaterial kangapo. Kuwunika kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, amatenga magazi a capillary kapena venous. Kupitilira apo, antchito ogwira ntchito akufotokozera shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo amamwa njirayi, ndipo patapita nthawi (nthawi zambiri 60, 90 kapena 120 mphindi) amatenga magazi.

Ndikofunikira kukhomanso chimodzimodzi ndi nthawi yoyamba. Ngati angafune, dokotala yemwe akupezekapo akhoza kuwonetsa nthawi yomwe angafufuze kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi.

Chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa insulini kumasintha posanthula yonse? Chowonadi ndi chakuti ufa wa glucose ndi chinthu chotsekemera chomwe chimapangitsa kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi ndikutulutsa kwa insulin ndi kapamba. Kusintha konseku kumawonedwa potengera mphamvu yamagazi.

Kuyeza kwa shuga

Njira iyi ndi yothandiza kutifotokozere ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a mwana kapena zizindikiro ndizosavomerezeka. Miyezo ya glycemia imayezedwa m'njira zingapo:

wasanthula zasayansi
mita ya shuga m'magazi kunyumba.

Miyeso imeneyi siziwonetsa kuchuluka kwake, koma ithandizanso kudziwa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa msanga wa zinthu zomwe zimagwira mu mahomoni.

Kuyeza kwa glucose ndi glucometer:

Sambani manja a mwana ndi wa munthu yemwe amweze miyezo moyenera. Gwiritsani ntchito chala kwa mwana ndi mowa kapena njira yina yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Yembekezani mpaka chala chitauma.
Simungagwiritse ntchito chala chokha, komanso khutu la chidendene (kutengera zaka za mwana).
Khazikitsani mita pokhazikitsa gawo loyesa lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka.
Kumenya chala cha mwana ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi mita.
Dontho la magazi omwe akutuluka liyenera kuikidwa ndendende pamalo omwe akuwonetsedwa pa malangizo omwe ali pachiyeso.
Pambuyo pa kuchuluka kwakanthawi (nthawi zambiri kuyambira masekondi 10 mpaka 40), zotsatira za muyeso wa glycemia zimawonekera pazenera la chipangizo chonyamula.

Mitengo yapamwamba

Ngati mulingo wa chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'thupi chikachuluka, zizindikiritso za matenda a hypoglycemic zimawonekera. Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zili ndi fundo yoti maselo amthupi salandila mphamvu zokwanira. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito m'maselo a ubongo. Hypoglycemia yomwe imakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali imabweretsa mavuto osaneneka. Maselo amayamba kuvuta ndikufa, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa encephalopathy.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi ndi:

kukhalapo kwa chotupa chokhala ndi mahomoni (insulinoma) cha kapamba,
mawonetseredwe oyambilira a shuga amtundu wa 2,
kuchitapo kanthu pochita opaleshoni, limodzi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa gawo lamatumbo ang'onoang'ono kapena m'mimba (kulowa mwachangu kwa chakudya m'matumbo kumapangitsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe kosalekeza,
matenda amanjenje,
matenda obwera chifukwa chakudya,
mankhwala osokoneza bongo
kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe

Makolo azindikira kuti mwana amangokhala wosachita zambiri, kusiya masewera omwe amakonda, nthawi yosangalatsa. Kugwedezeka kumawoneka zala ndi zala zakumiyendo, milomo yam'munsi yapakati (yofanana ndi zamanjenje zamanjenje). Mwana amafunsa nthawi zonse kuti adye, koma nthawi yomweyo samalemera konse, m'malo mwake, amatha kuchepa thupi kwambiri.

Pakufufuza, adokotala amawona kutuluka kwa khungu, thukuta kwambiri. Makolo angawone kulanda.

Njira Zowongolera Mkhalidwe

Panthawi yozindikira, adokotala ayenera kudziwa chifukwa chake hyperinsulinism imachitika. Popanda kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa, ndizosatheka kuchotsa mawonekedwe awonetsedwe wa matenda. Ngati kupangika kwachilengedwe kapena koyipa kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndiye kuti chemotherapy imachitika.

Chofunikira ndikutsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe azakudya. Mwanayo alandire kuchuluka kwamapuloteni, lipids ndi chakudya, muyezo wake womwe umafanana ndi msinkhu wa wodwalayo.

Ngati matenda a hypoglycemic apezeka:

kupatsa wodwala kenakake kokoma (maswiti, kupanikizana, tiyi wotentha),
kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya shuga m'mitsempha,
adrenaline jakisoni
glucagon makonzedwe
zododometsa za kugwidwa mwamphamvu.

Milingo yotsika ya mahomoni

Zomwe zimachepa insulin m'thupi la mwana:

mtundu 1 shuga
kudya kwambiri
kulandira zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi ma monosaccharides,
matenda opatsirana
matenda a chotupa,
kupsinjika
kuchepa thupi.

Poyeza shuga m'magazi, kupezeka kwa hyperglycemia kutsimikiza. Mwana amafunsa nthawi zambiri kuti amwe, adye, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawonekera.

Mwanayo amadya kwambiri, koma osalemera nthawi yomweyo. Khungu ndi mucous nembanemba zuma, mulingo wa m'maso umachepetsedwa, zotupa za m'maganizo zitha kuwoneka zomwe sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mkhalidwe wa Hyperglycemic umafuna chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa. Ndikofunikira kupangira insulin kukonzekera. Amayamba ndikuti mankhwalawa amathandizidwa mwanjira yake yoyera, kenako panjira ya glucose popewa kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira omwe ali ndi insulin:

insulin yochepa - imayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa kotala la ola, zotsatira zimatha mpaka maola 2-4,
mankhwala a nthawi yayitali - mchitidwewu umayamba kupitirira maola 1-2 ndipo umatenga maola 12,
insulin yayitali - mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imawonedwa tsiku lonse.

Chofunikira china pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Mfundo zake:

Kudya nthawi zambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Kukana shuga, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa.
Kukana mowa, mafuta, kusuta, zakudya zamchere.
Mode okwanira akumwa (1.5-2 malita patsiku).
Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku zinthu zonyowa, zophika, ndi zophika.
Mafuta a kalori amawerengedwa pawokha (nthawi zambiri 2500-2700 kcal patsiku).
Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, mapuloteni ndi ma lipids amakhalabe mkati mwazomwe zili.

Ngati mwana wasintha m'njira iliyonse, muyenera kulankhulana ndi katswiri woyenera. Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matendawa kapena kufulumizitsanso kuchira pamene vutoli ladziwika koyambirira.

Zambiri

Horoni ya pancreatic yomwe imayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, imakhudzidwa pakupanga mafuta ndipo imasunga shuga ya magazi pamlingo woyenera kwambiri, wotchedwa insulin. Mwachilengedwe, ndi mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku proinsulin m'maselo a kapamba. Kenako imalowa m'magazi ndikuchita ntchito zake. Kuperewera kwake kumadzetsa mphamvu ya kufa kwa maselo, kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zinthu zonsezi zimasokoneza machitidwe amkati omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu, zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamitundu yambiri ya endocrine. Kafukufuku wokhudza mahormoni awa akuwonetsa:

Mlingo wa chidwi ndi insulin, i.e., insulin.
Kuphwanya kagayidwe kachakudya njira.

Komanso muzindikire insulini (neoplasm) ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, momwe mumakhala kuwonongeka kwa zovuta kwa glycogen chakudya mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu. Kuphatikiza apo, motsutsana ndi maziko a chiphunzitsochi, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa glucose, kagayidwe kamapuloteni ndi lipids kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa kumawonjezeka, ndikuwoneka bwino wa nayitrogeni.

Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri:

Choyamba, thupi silipanga insulin. Kubwezeretsanso kwake kumachitika mwa kutenga mahomoni, i.e., munthu amalandila chithandizo chamankhwala cha homoni. Chiwerengero cha magawo ofunikira amasankhidwa ndi adokotala kwa wodwala aliyense.
Chachiwiri - mahomoni okwanira okwanira amapangidwa. Zotsatira zake, palibe njira yowongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu komanso loopsa lomwe limachepetsa moyo wamunthu komanso limadzetsa zovuta zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kudziwitsidwa kwake kwakanthawi mwa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin, kumene, ndikofunikira.

Zisonyezo za kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin

Dokotala amalimbikitsa izi:

Kuzindikira matenda amtundu wa endocrine, kuphatikiza matenda a shuga kwa amayi oyembekezera.
Kuyeza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.
Kuyang'anira njira ya matenda ashuga.
Kusankhidwa kwa mlingo wa insulin.
Kuzindikiritsa kusatetezeka kwa thupi kwa insulin.
Kupeza zifukwa zochepetsera shuga wamagazi.
Kukayikira kwa vuto lakunyumba.
Kunenepa kwambiri.
Kuyesedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic, komanso azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto losunga mazira.

Kuphatikiza apo, pozindikira zizindikiro zotsatirazi, madotolo amakupatsaninso kafukufuku wofulumira wa insulin (zomwe zimanenedwa m'nkhaniyi):

Kutalika kumachiritsa mabala,
chizungulire, chikumbumtima chosavomerezeka, kupenya kawiri
kufooka, kuchuluka thukuta,
kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
kutopa kwambiri, kukwiya, kukhumudwa,
kumangokhala ndi ludzu komanso ludzu,
kamwa yowuma ndi khungu,
kusinthasintha kwamphamvu thupi pochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya,
mbiri yamatenda amtima ndi tachycardia.

Kukonzekera kusanthula ndi malamulo operekera biomaterial

Kupatula kulandira zolakwika, kusanthula kumachitika isanayambike pharmacotherapy ndi njira zodziwira ngati MRI, ultrasound, CT, radiography, physiotherapy, ndi ena, kapena milungu iwiri itatha. Mwazi wama venous kuchokera m'mitsempha ya ulnar amatengedwa kuti awunike. Nthawi yabwino yokwanira yolemba zotsala zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka teni m'mawa.

Malangizo popereka magazi a insulin:

Chakudya chotsiriza chikuyenera kukhala maola khumi musanadye mankhwala.
Kwa masiku angapo, chotsani mopitirira muyeso pamthupi ndi m'malingaliro, kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kwa masiku awiri, kupatula kumwa mankhwala (monga momwe adavomerezera ndi adotolo).
Kwa tsiku limodzi musadye zonunkhira ndi mafuta, komanso zonunkhira.
Patsiku loperekera limaloledwa kumwa madzi omwe alibe gasi ndi mchere. Kuyambira ana amatenga biomaterial ola limodzi mutatha kudyetsa. Kusuta musanapendeke ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Kwambiri mphindi makumi atatu mpaka makumi atatu kafukufukuyu asanaphunzire, muyenera kumasuka, khalani pansi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kupsinjika kulikonse kwamalingaliro kapena thupi kumaletsedwa, chifukwa kupanikizika kumabweretsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'magazi.

Zotsatira za phunziroli zikhale zokonzekera tsiku lotsatira. Kusala kwa insulin kumadalira jenda, zaka, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale.

Chifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira kudziwa mulingo wa insulin yanu?

Insulin ndiye mahomoni ofunika kwambiri omwe amayang'anira njira za metabolic m'thupi la munthu. Kuyeza kwachangu kwa kupangika kwake kumachitika mwa anthu omwe amasonyezedwanso kafukufuku wotchedwa "glucose-insulin curve," kapena kuyesa kwa glucose. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulini, chitani zotsekemera ndi shuga. Asanapange mayeso otere, madokotala amasiya mankhwala otsatirawa: salicylates, estrogens, corticosteroids, hypoglycemic. Apo ayi, zotsatira zake zidzasokonekera.

Zachilengedwe zimaperekedwa pamimba yopanda maola khumi ndi khumi ndi umodzi. Akuluakulu amatenga muyezo wa magalamu 70 a shuga. Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika katatu: pamimba yopanda kanthu kenako, pakatha mphindi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zana limodzi. Dziwani matenda ashuga ngati chimodzi mwazisanzo zinali zapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, amayesa kudya. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga, insulin ndi C-peptide amatsimikizika m'mwazi wa munthu. Kenako wodwalayo amachepetsa madzi akumwa komanso chakudya kwa maola makumi awiri ndi anayi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwunika kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi chilichonse kumachitika.

Kodi insulin yayikulu komanso yotsika imatanthawuza chiyani?

Insulin yothamanga kwambiri ikuwonetsa:

Matenda a Cushing
acromegaly
mtundu 2 shuga
kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali corticosteroids, kulera kwapakamwa komanso mankhwala a Levodopa.

Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi fructose ndi galactose tsankho.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale hypoglycemia, yomwe imadziwika ndi chipatala chotsatira: chizungulire, kukhumudwa, thukuta kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mtima, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe. Kuperewera kwa glucose kumatha kupweteketsa mtima kenako kufa.

Kulowetsedwa m'munsi mwachizolowezi kudya insulin kumawonedwa mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa pituitary, kutupa kwa kapamba.

Kulumikiza C-peptide

Peptide iyi ndi insulin ndi zinthu zotsiriza za kutembenuka kwa proinsulin m'maselo a pancreatic. M'magazi iwo amawachotsa muyezo wofanana. Hafu ya moyo wa C-peptide mu plasma ndi makumi awiri, ndipo insulin ndi mphindi zinayi zokha. Izi zikufotokozera kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa peptide yolumikizira m'magazi, i.e, ndi chikhomo chokhazikika. Kusanthula kwa C-peptide ndikulimbikitsidwa:

Kusankha njira zamatenda a shuga.
Kuwona kuthekera kwa zotheka mu fetal mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Matenda a shuga kwa achinyamata onenepa kwambiri.
Matenda a insulinoma.
Kusiyanitsa kosiyanitsa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.
Kuzindikiritsa ndi kuwongolera chikhululukiro cha achinyamata matenda ashuga.
Kuunika kotsalira kwa maselo a beta mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akamamwa insulin.
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
Kusabereka.
Hypoglycemia wokayikitsa.
Kuunika kwa insulin katulutsidwe matenda a impso.
Kuwongolera pambuyo pancreatic resection.

Kuyika pazotsatira za kusanthula. Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide (ng / ml)

Mtundu woyenera wochokera pa 0.78 mpaka 1.89. Kulowerera m'munsimu mwabwinobwino kumaonekera ndi:

mtundu 1 shuga
hypoglycemia,
zopsinjitsa
Kuchotsa kwa gawo limodzi la kapamba.

Mlingo wa C-peptide owonjezera pazowongolera zamagulu amodzi mwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

insulinoma
kulephera kwa aimpso,
kumwa mankhwala ena a mahomoni
hypoglycemia pamene akutenga mapiritsi a gulu la zotumphukira za sulfonylurea.

Mulingo wovomerezeka wa insulini (μU / ml)

Kwa munthu wathanzi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa zimakhala kuyambira atatu mpaka makumi awiri. Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi opanda kanthu mwa akazi umatengera zaka, kusintha kwa mahomoni, kumwa mankhwala ena. Ngati mayi amatenga mankhwala a mahomoni, kuphatikiza kulera kwapakamwa, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kudziwitsa katswiri wa zamankhwala, chifukwa mu nkhani iyi, kuchuluka kwa insulini si chinthu chachilendo. Masana, kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwa kumasintha mobwerezabwereza, motero mfundo zake zovomerezeka zimaperekedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kupatuka kuzolowera nthawi zambiri sikuti kumangotchulidwa ngati zam'tsogolo. Kuti muzindikire zomwe zimayambitsa komanso, ngati pakufunika kusintha, mayeso owonjezera ndi upangiri wofunikira ndikofunikira.

Ithandizira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika mu insulin mwa akazi pofika zaka, tebulo pansipa.

Mwa amayi apakati, gawo lake lovomerezeka limakwera kufika pa 28, chifukwa panthawiyi mphamvu zambiri zimafunikira kuti mwana athe kukula bwino ndi kukhazikika kwake. Munthawi imeneyi, placenta imapanga mahomoni omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo amagwira ntchito monga yotulutsa insulin. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera, kumalowa m'matumbo mwa placenta, kukakamiza kapamba kuti agwire bwino ntchito ndikupanga insulin yambiri. Izi zimawonedwa ngati zachilengedwe ndipo sizifunika kukonza.

Zizindikiro za insulin m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu mwa akazi omwe ali ndi udindo zimadalira nthawi yayitali. M'masabata oyamba, kufunikira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, kotero kuti kumasulidwa kwa timadzi m'magazi kumachepetsedwa. Ndipo kuyambira wachiwiri trimester, kupanga insulini kwakhala kukukula. Ngati panthawiyi zikondamoyo zimagwira ntchito yake, ndiye kuti shuga ndi yabwinobwino. Nthawi zina pomwe kapangidwe ka insulin yambiri sikotheka, matendawa amakula. Mu trimester yachitatu, kukana insulini kumachulukirapo ndi makumi asanu, ndipo insulin yopanga. Pambuyo pobereka, kufunika kwa mahoni kumachepa kwambiri, kaphatikizidwe ka timadzi timeneti timachepa, matenda a shuga amadzaza.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana, omwe ali onenepa kwambiri kapena matenda ashuga, kubereka mwana. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndizoti thupi limakhala likuvutika nthawi zonse.Makolo onse ayenera kukhala ndi insulin ya 3 mpaka 25 kuti akhale ndi mwana wathanzi. Gome la zikhalidwe za insulin mwa akazi mwaubwino zili munkhaniyi (onani pamwambapa).

Pankhani ya kuchepa kwa insulin, kusayenda bwino kwa minofu kumachitika ndipo thupi limakhala lovuta kuthana ndi nkhawa zambiri. Pakadali pano, ntchito yayikulu ndikusunga ntchito zofunika. Owonjezera amaonedwa ngati cholepheretsa kukhala mayi wachimwemwe.

Mwa abambo, kuchuluka kwa insulin yofulumira kumakhala kosakhazikika, kosiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi, ndipo kuyambira 3 mpaka 25. Mu theka lolimba, zizindikiro zimangotengera zaka, komanso kulemera, ndiye kuti, ndizokulirapo, ndizokulirapo. thupi limafunikira insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, minofu ya adipose yowonjezera imathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin receptors, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa chidwi cha mahomoni. Ndi m'badwo, malire am'munsi komanso apamwamba amasunthira kumtunda. Mlingo wa insulini m'magazi opanda kanthu mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pazaka makumi asanu (kuyambira zaka makumi asanu) kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 35. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zotsatirazi:

Thupi limafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti likhale ndi moyo wathunthu.
Kupitilira kwa mankhwala othandizira kuchiza matenda osachiritsika.
Zovuta zapafupipafupi.
Kufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi.
Akuchepetsa mphamvu ya insulin.

Ana ndi akhama pantchito kuposa achikulire, choncho amafunika mphamvu zambiri. Ngati kulemera kwa mwana kumakhala pakati pa malire ndipo palibe zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa insulin pazowonjezera zomwe zimasonyezedwa pansipa sikungachitike ngati chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndizosasinthika kwachilengedwe komanso kukula. Mlingo wa insulin pamimba yopanda ana:

Makanda ndi akhanda mpaka chaka - kuyambira atatu mpaka khumi ndi asanu:
Preschoolers - kuyambira anayi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi,
Kuyambira azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri - kuyambira atatu mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.
Mu achinyamata, kuyambira anayi mpaka 19.

Nthawi yakutha msambo, malire ake amachepera mpaka asanu.

Mlingo wa insulin (μU / ml) mukatha kudya

Mitundu ya insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya idzakhala yosiyana, chifukwa mukatha kudya ntchito za kapamba zimapangidwira ndipo mahomoni ambiri amapangidwa. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Komabe, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa akulu okha. Mu ana, kuchuluka kwa insulini palokha kumayamwa.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin, monga glucose m'magazi, kumachitika kamodzi ndi theka mpaka maola awiri mutatha kudya. Chifukwa cha kuwunikaku, ntchito ya kapamba ndi momwe amachitira ndi kupanga kwa mahomoni imawunikiridwa. Zotsatira zake zimawunikidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi ndende ya insulin, popeza zizindikirozi zimadalirana ndipo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Kwa azimayi ndi abambo, malire ovomerezeka amachokera pa 26 mpaka 28. Kwa amayi oyembekezera ndi okalamba, kuyambira 28 mpaka 35. Muubwana, chiwerengerochi ndi 19.

Hormone insulin

Insulin yaumunthu imapangidwa ndi maselo apadera (ma cell a beta) a kapamba. Maselo, ambiri, amapezeka mchira wa gland ndipo amatchedwa islets of Langerhans. Zilimo mu kapamba. Insulin ndi yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji?

Mothandizidwa ndi insulini, kupezeka kwa membrane wa khungu kumakhala bwino, ndipo shuga umadutsa mosavuta.
Insulin imakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa glucose kupita m'misika yamatumbo ndi chiwindi
Insulin yamagazi imathandizira kuthana ndi shuga.
Amachepetsa ntchito za ma enzyme omwe amawononga glycogen ndi mafuta.

Kukula kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi maselo ake amthupi kumabweretsa kuti munthu amayamba ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Pankhaniyi, ma cell a beta amawonongedwa mosasinthika, momwe insulin imayenera kupangidwira panthawi ya chakudya. Munthu wodwala matendawa amafunika kuperekera insulin yopanga mosaka.Ngati timadzi timeneti timapangika m'mankhwala oyenera, koma ma cell a cell amawaganizira, izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Insulin sikugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa poyambira, koma matendawa akamapitilira, endocrinologist amatha kupereka jakisoni kuti achepetse katundu pa kapamba.

Mpaka posachedwa, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pamaziko a mahomoni a nyama, kapena insulin yosinthidwa, momwe amino acid wina adasinthidwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda a shuga. Kupanga kwantchito yopanga zamankhwala kwapangitsa kuti athe kupeza mankhwalawa apamwamba kwambiri kudzera muubwino wa majini. Ma insulini omwe amapangidwa mwanjira iyi samayambitsa ziwopsezo: chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwawo bwino kwa matenda ashuga, mapiritsi ochepetsetsa amafunikira.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi a achinyamata pamimba yopanda kanthu: chifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi opanda kanthu mwa ana ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mcU / ml. Kupatuka kulikonse kumaphatikizapo kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Kupanda insulin yokwanira, mtundu woyamba wa matenda umayamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumasonyezera kukana insulini.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa insulini mu pathologies zosiyanasiyana kwa achinyamata? Nkhaniyi itithandiza kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi.

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein omwe amalamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amunthu. Maselo a Beta amapangidwa ndi insulin, yomwe ndi gawo la maliseche a Langerhans omwe amapezeka mu kapamba.

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Kuphatikiza pa insulin yopangidwa ndi maselo a beta, maselo a alpha a Langerhans apparatus amapanga glucagon, mahomoni omwe amawonjezera glucose wamagazi. Zosokoneza zilizonse mu magwiritsidwe a islet zida za kapamba zimatha kudzetsa kukula kwa shuga.

Mu thupi la munthu, insulin imagwira ntchito yayikulu ya hypoglycemic.

Kuphatikiza apo, timadzi timene timatengera nawo njira zambiri zama metabolic:

Amathandizira kulowa kwa glucose omwe amapezeka ndi chakudya m'maselo a minofu.
Insulin imathandizira pakupanga glucogen kuchokera ku glucose mu minofu ndi maselo a chiwindi pamaselo a ma cell.
Zimapereka kudzikundikira ndi kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri dzino lokoma, okonda chokoleti ndi nyama yophika yatsopano amadwala kwambiri.
Insulin imawonjezera ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kutsika kwa glucose, ndipo, nawonso, amaletsa ma enzyme omwe amalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi glycogen.

Insulin ndiye mahomoni okhawo m'thupi la munthu omwe angapereke shuga wa magazi. Amapereka kagayidwe kazakudya.

Nthawi yomweyo, pali mahomoni ambiri m'thupi omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, mwachitsanzo, glucagon, adrenaline, mahomoni okula, mahomoni a "command" ndi zina zotero.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wa mahomoni mwa ana ndi achinyamata ayenera kukhala m'mitundu 3 mpaka 20 μU / ml. M'mabotolo ena, zikhalidwe zabwino zimatha kusintha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, pochita phunziroli, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Mothandizidwa ndi ma pathologies ena, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumatha kuwonjezeka ndikuchepa. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za milandu yomwe ingachitike.

Mu shuga mellitus wamtundu woyamba, kutsata kwa mahomoni sikupepukidwa. Matenda amtunduwu amakula makamaka ubwana. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma cell a pancreatic beta amasiya kutulutsa insulin ndipo amwalira msanga. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kusowa kwa ntchito kumeneku kugoneke m'mavuto a autoimmune.

Kuti athe kulipirira kusowa kwa mahomoni m'thupi, amayendetsedwa ndi jakisoni. Mothandizidwa ndi matendawa, ana amamva ludzu, amapita kuchimbudzi “pang'ono pang'onopang'ono,” amachepetsa msanga, kudandaula ndi mseru komanso kusanza.

Mu achinyamata, kukula kwa shuga kungabisike. Mwana akhoza kukhala ndi totupa pakhungu, amathanso kumva kupweteka m'mutu komanso kutopa. Mankhwalawa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, chithandizo cha insulin ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Mankhwala a insulin amawonjezeka ndikupanga mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, insulinoma ndi hyperplasia ya ma islets a Langerhans. Mwa ana aang'ono ndi achinyamata, hyperplasia ndi insulinoma ndizosowa kwambiri, koma mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, insulin imapangidwa, koma ma cell a cell sawazindikira, glucose samayamwa ndikuwunjikana m'magazi.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chimaphatikizira mankhwala a hypoglycemic, zakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zotsatira zakuwunika zitha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwamahomoni. Nthawi zambiri izi zikuwonetsa kukula kapena kupita patsogolo kwa ma pathologies akulu omwe muyenera kuyambitsa nkhondo.

Zinthu monga kukhathamiritsa thupi kwambiri, kusakhazikika maganizo ndi kupsinjika, njira yodziyimira payekha ya matenda ashuga, acromegaly - mahomoni okula ochulukirapo, ma polycystic ovary mwa akazi, onenepa kwambiri, Cushing, insulin kukana, dystrophic myotonia - neuromuscular matenda, insulinoma, neoplasms mu kapamba ndi khansa, kuphwanya gland ntchito.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amamwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin ayenera kutsatira mlingo woyenera. Ndi kuyambitsa voliyumu yayikulu kuposa momwe amafunikira, hypoglycemia imachitika - mkhalidwe womwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zili ndi insulin, m'malo mwake, zimayamba. Pankhaniyi, munthuyo wawonjezera thukuta, wasokonezeka chikumbumtima, tachycardia, nseru, kukomoka.

Ngati zizindikirozi zapezeka, kugonekedwa kuchipatala ndikofunikira. Dokotala amayambitsa njira yothetsera shuga kwa wodwalayo, ndipo wodwalayo akabwereranso mwakale, amapatsidwa chakudya chokhala ndi shuga komanso chakudya chochuluka.

Mankhwala ochepa a insulin samalola glucose kulowa m'maselo a thupi. Zotsatira zake, zimadziunjikira m'magazi. Kuchita kotereku kumayambitsa matenda amishuga mwa munthu - ludzu, kukodza pafupipafupi, njala yayikulu, kusakwiya komanso kutopa.

Komabe, kuti muwone motsimikiza chifukwa chomwe zizindikirazi zimachitikira, muyenera kudutsanso kusanthula kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kumitsempha ya ulnar kupita m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Masiku angapo asanafike mayeso, simungathe kumwa mankhwala, kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Muyeneranso kupewa kuchuluka kwa maswiti ndikupewa kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwamalingaliro. Kulephera kutsatira malangizowa kungasokeretse zotsatira za mayeso.

Kuti mupeze yankho lodalirika, ndikwabwino kuwunika kawiri nthawi imodzi. Loyamba ndi kuyezetsa magazi, ndipo chachiwiri - patatha maola awiri mutamwa njira ya shuga. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zake, adotolo amawonetsetsa kuti ali ndi matendawa m'mwana kapena wamkulu ndikupanga njira yochizira.

Mulingo wambiri wa insulin ukatsika kwambiri, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti mwana ali ndi imodzi mwanjira kapena zovuta zina:

mtundu 1 shuga
kukhalabe ndi moyo wokhala chete,
wodwala matenda ashuga
zovuta zamanjenje,
kusowa kwanyimbo,
kudya kosalekeza kwam'mimba zophatikizika,
matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi,
kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa insulin yayikulu kapena yotsika, mwana kapena wachinyamata ayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zoyenera. Makolo ayenera kuthandiza pankhaniyi. M'malo mwa buns, chakudya chofulumira ndi maswiti, muyenera kudya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri. Banja liyenera kuchita maphunziro akuthupi.

Ikhoza kukhala chilichonse - kuyendera dziwe, masewera, kuyenda paki, yoga, kulimbitsa thupi ndi zina zambiri. Chachikulu ndichakuti mukhale ndi moyo wogwira ntchito komanso muzikhala ndi zakudya zoyenera. Amapewa kupewa kunenepa, ndiye kuti, kunenepa kwambiri, komwe ndiye mnzake wa "matenda a shuga".

Kodi insulini ndi chiyani, ndizochuluka motani komanso kupatuka, pa zonse zomwe zili mu vidiyoyi.

Insulin ya ana imafunika ndi shuga wambiri. Kasitomala ndi amene amachititsa kuti timadzi tambiri timene timapanga. Ngati magwiridwe ake asokonekera, mavuto popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri amakonzedwa, omwe amakhudza kwambiri zomwe zimachitika. Insulin imabweza mtengo wamagetsi pogawa gasi ku minofu ndi ma cell.

Pambuyo podya chakudya ndikulowa mthupi, ntchito yogawa pogawa tinthu tating'onoting'ono imayamba. Ma monosaccharides amafunikira kubwezeretsanso zomwe zimasunga mphamvu ndikuzigawa mu minyewa yonse ndi maselo. Zinthu zomwe zikuperekedwa ndi mtundu wa zomangira. Ndi kusowa kwawo, thanzi la mwana limawonongeka kwambiri.

Chakudya chilichonse chimakhala ndi shuga. Chizindikiro cha chiphaso chake chimaperekedwa kwa kapamba. Thupi limayankha pamtunduwu ndikupanga insulin. Amayang'anira ntchito yonyamula chophatikizira m'thupi lonse.

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin ndikubwezeretsanso zomwe zimasunga mphamvu. Katundu wachiwiri ndi:

Kuchepetsa kupanga mafuta acids,
Kukhazikitsa kwa mapuloteni,
Kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa glycogen,
Kupewa kuchepa kwa maselo amafuta,
Kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.

Insulin ndiyo imayendetsa magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndi kagayidwe kazinthu. Zikakhala zopanda ntchito, mphamvu zamagetsi zimachepa.

Mulingo wanthawi zonse wa insulin m'magazi a mwana saposa 20 mkU / l. Ichi ndiye chiwerengero chokwanira chololedwa, chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe chimapitilira ziwerengero zomwe zaperekedwa chimakhala ndi ngozi yathanzi. Chizindikiro chocheperako chimasinthasintha chizindikiro - 3 mkU / l. Ziwerengero zomwe zaperekedwa ndizofunika kwa ana ochepera zaka 12. M'magazi a ana okalamba, zovomerezeka zimachuluka. Kutalika kwambiri ndi 25 μU / L, ndipo kuchepera ndi 3 μU / L.

Insulin yayikulu imayendera limodzi ndi chitukuko cha dziko la hypoglycemic. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Mothandizidwa ndi maselo, maselo amapita pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa chifukwa cha ubongo.

Zifukwa zomwe milingo ya insulin imakwezedwa:

Benign neoplasms kutulutsa kapamba,
Type 2 shuga
Opaleshoni yofuna kuchotsa pang'ono m'mimba kapena matumbo,
Zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwamanjenje,
Zowonongeka za mthupi,
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi.

Kudumphadumpha mu timadzi timeneti kumachitika motsatana. Mwana amakana zinthu zomwe amakonda kuti azisangalala nazo. Zala zake zimanjenjemera, milomo yokhala pansi. Mwanayo ali ndi njala, amafunsa chakudya nthawi zonse, pomwe kulemera sikukupeza, mmalo mwake, kutsika kwake kumakhala kulembedwa.

Ndi insulin yotsika, mwana amayamba kuchuluka. Mwanayo amakana kudya, safuna kusewera ndi kum'pangira zinthu wamba. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zisonyezo za otsika zimazungulira ndi imodzi yayitali. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikule bwino zimasiyanasiyana.

Insulin imatsitsidwa mu milandu yotsatirayi:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Zakudya zambiri
Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera
Matenda opatsirana komanso otupa
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Kuyesedwa kwa Laborator kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Malinga ndi mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Akatswiri azindikira njira zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kuyesa kwa magazi
Kulekerera kwa glucose
Kuyeza kwa shuga
Kuyeza kwa glycemia.

Kuyesa kwa magazi. Mpanda umachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pachala. Kuti mudziwe kulolerana, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi kangapo. Mufunika zinthu kuchokera kumitsempha ndi chala. Mpanda umachitika katatu, mu ola limodzi, theka ndi theka. Pambuyo pa kubereka koyamba, mwana ayenera kumwa shuga.

Kuyeza kwa shuga kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chosinkhira (kuyesa kumachitika kunyumba) ndipo glucometer (kunyengerera imachitika kunyumba). Chofunikira: sizingatheke kuwerengetsa zenizeni malinga ndi njira yomwe mwawonetsera. Kuyeza kwa shuga ndikoyenera pokhapokha ngati kupatuka kumatsimikiziridwa kumtunda kapena pansi, popanda nambala inayake.

Mankhwala amakono amakhala ndi zida komanso zida zambiri zosinthira. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Mwana amafunikira kutsuka chala chake, chidendene kapena khutu (kutengera malo osankhidwapo magazi) ndikudulira khungu. Dontho la zinthu zachilengedwe limayikidwa pa Mzere wapadera, womwe kwa mphindi zochepa umawonetsa zotsatira zabwino.

Msika wamakono wamankhwala umayimiridwa ndi unyinji wa mankhwala omwe adasinthidwa. Malinga ndi nthawi yowonekera, pali:

Mankhwala ochita mwachangu (Actrapid NM, Insulrap SPP). Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umakhazikika pambuyo pa mphindi 30 pambuyo pa utsi, mphamvu yake imakhalapo kwa maola 8,
Mankhwala othandizira apakatikati (Monotard HM, Humulin N). Kuchitapo kanthu kumawonedwa pambuyo pa mphindi 60-180 pambuyo pa utsogoleri,
Mayankho okhalitsa (Ultratard HM). Kuchita bwino kumakhazikika mkati mwa maola 28-36.

Mitundu ina ya mankhwalawa imathanso kukweza milingo ya insulin. Mwa chiyambi chawo ndi nyama komanso zofanana ndi anthu. Mtundu wotsiriza wa insulin ndi wofunikira, umathandizira kubwezeretsa msanga chizindikiritso m'magazi ndipo nthawi yayitali imasunga zotsatira zabwino.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa, mankhwala onse omwe amachepetsa insulini amagawidwa mchikhalidwe, monopic ndi monocomponent. Muubwana, omwewa amapatsidwa mankhwala monga akulu. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndi mlingo.

Ndi madokotala okha omwe amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa ana. Umu ndi njira yokhayo yomwe simalola zolakwa. Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu amakonzedwe a mahoni:

Mu zaka 5 zoyambirira za moyo - zosaposa 0,5-0.6 magawo / kg thupi,
Pambuyo pazaka 5 - 1 unit / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi,
Muubwana - 2 mayunitsi / kg.

Zovuta pakuwonetsetsa mulingo woyenera kwambiri womwe ungachitike pa nthawi yomwe mukukula. Chamoyo chosalimba chili mu gawo la "kusinthika", komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi shuga wambiri osasunthika. Jekeseni wa ana omwe amadalira insulin ndi omwe amapatsidwa malangizo apadera.

Mlingo wolimbikitsidwa siwokhazikika, umasinthidwa pakumwa mankhwala a insulin ndipo zimatengera zaka za mwana. Chofunikira ndi chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo komanso zomwe zimachitika mthupi.

Kuti adziwe mlingo woyenera, mwana amapita kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Chekiyo cholinga chake ndicho kukonza mankhwala. Chofunikira: kuwerengera kwa insulin, komanso mankhwalawo pawokha amasintha mosalekeza.

Insulin imaperekedwa kwa ana m'njira zambiri. Homoniyo "imatumizidwa" ku thupi ndikubaya khungu pamimba, ntchafu kumtunda, phewa, matako ndi kumbuyo. Tsamba la jakisili silili ndi vuto komanso silikhudza kuwonongeka kwa jakisoni.

Pofuna kudzinyenga, gwiritsani ntchito syringe yapadera, cholembera kapena pampu ya insulini. Njira yotsirizayi imakulolani kuti "mutumize" mlingo wa mahomoni m'thupi kudzera mu gawo lapadera.Kutuluka kwa insulin kumapitilira. Chipangizocho chili pa mwana ngakhale usiku, osayambitsa chisangalalo komanso kusasangalala.

Kukhazikika kwa insulin kudzera mu ma syringe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa mantha mwa ana. Makolo ayenera kuganizira mfundo imeneyi ndi kuthandiza mwana kuthana ndi nkhawa. Ndikoyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala njira yochepetsera ngozi ya mankhwala.

Kufunika kwa insulin si sentensi. Ana, ngati akulu, amakhala moyo wawo wanthawi zonse, wokhala ndi zoletsa zochepa. Mlingo wosankhidwa bwino wa mankhwalawa umakhudza thupi. Ngati pali zopatuka mwachizolowezi cha chizindikirocho, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala kuti muthandizenso kusintha kwamankhwala.

Voterani nkhaniyi:

40 Chonde yerekezerani nkhaniyi

Tsopano kuchuluka kwa zowunika zatsalira pankhaniyi: 40 , avareji: 4,00 mwa asanu

Kodi insulin yodziwika bwino m'magazi, kwa akazi, ndi ana

Thupi limasowa mahomoni ochepa. Komabe, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndi insulin. Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepa kungayambitse matenda akulu. Chifukwa chake, wina ayenera kuwunika zonse zomwe zili. Kodi mungachite bwanji izi ndipo mumakonda insulin motani m'mwazi?

Mutha kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa insulin kuchipatala. Pachifukwa ichi, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo ponyamula mafuta. Kuti tipeze kuzindikira koyenera, maphunziro onsewa amafunikira.

Kuwunikira kwa insulin yotsalira kumachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Osachepera maola 8 ayenera kudutsa pakati pa zitsanzo za magazi ndi chakudya chomaliza, moyenera maola 12-14. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodziwira matenda amawonedwa m'mawa mutapuma usiku. Izi zimathandizira wodwala kupirira mosavuta kukanidwa chakudya. Maola 24 kusanachitike, muyenera kupatula zakudya zotsekemera ndi zamafuta zazakudya. Muyeneranso kupewa kumwa mowa ndi kusuta.

Pofuna kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, zovuta zam'maganizo komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri ziyenera kupewedwa. M'mawa tisanayambe phunziroli, zakumwa zilizonse ndizoletsedwa (osawerengera madzi oyera popanda mpweya), simungadye.

Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala kuti aunikidwe. Mwapadera, kuyeserera kwa magazi kumayesedwa. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wa endocrinologist amatchulanso matenda a kapamba. Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira zotupa ndi njira yotupa mu chiwalo chomwe chidayambitsa kufa kwa cells-cell.

Njira yachiwiri, kuwunika kwa glucose, kumakonzekera kukonzekera kofanana ndi njira yapita. Pa phunziroli, wodwala ayenera kumwa 75 ml ya shuga. 50 ml akuwonetsedwa kwa ana aang'ono. Kenako amayembekeza maola awiri. Kusintha kwa magazi posanthula kumachitika pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa insulin.

Mukamayesa kuchuluka kwa insulin, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale chete. Zotsatira zake zimawunikira ndikusokoneza zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso psycho-maikutlo.

Chidziwitso chotsimikizika kwambiri chitha kupezeka ngati mupenda kawiri za insulin m'magazi. Kuyesa koyamba kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako njirayi imabwerezedwa, koma patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya shuga. Njira yofufuzira yophatikizirayi ipereka chithunzi chonse chazomwe zimagwira ntchito kapamba.

Miyezi yabwinobwino ya insulin m'magazi a akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana. Nthawi zina, kusiyana pang'ono kumakhala kotheka. Mwa akazi, uku ndi kutha msinkhu (kutha) ndi pakati.

Mlingo wa insulin mwa akazi umatengera zaka. Popita nthawi, zizindikiro zikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadaliranso zaka. Okalamba amafunika mphamvu zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka 60, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa kumawonjezeka.

Achinyamata ndi ana amapanga gulu lapadera. Ana safunanso mphamvu zowonjezera, motero kupanga kwawo kwa insulin sikuperewera.

Nthawi yakutha msinkhu, zinthu zimasintha kwambiri. Kuzungulira kwa mahomoni m'magazi a achinyamata kumawonjezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a opaleshoni ya mahomoni.

Mukamayeza kuchuluka kwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, zizindikiro zoyenera zimakhala:

Akuluakulu - kuyambira 1.9 mpaka 23 mced / l.
Amayi - kuyambira 6 mpaka 27 mked / l.
Ana ochepera zaka 14 - kuyambira 2 mpaka 20 mked / l.

Ndi katundu wazakudya, zizowoneka bwino:

Akuluakulu - kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 mced / l.
Amayi oyembekezera - kuyambira 16 mpaka 17 mced / l.
Ana ochepera zaka 14 - kuyambira 10 mpaka 11 mked / l.

Insulin yotsika imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndende yamagazi. Maselo amakhala ndi njala chifukwa salandira shuga pazofunikira. Njira za metabolism zimasokonekera, glycogen imasiya kuyikika m'chiwindi ndi minofu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kukakamiza pafupipafupi kukodza, ludzu losatha, kutopa, kufooka, kusachedwa, nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, njala yadzidzidzi imawonedwa. Ngati mukukayikira chithandizo, kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumapangitsa kukulitsa mtundu wa 1 wodwala matenda a insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi zitha kukhala:

kupsinjika ndi maupsya okhumudwa.
magwiridwe antchito a hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland,
matenda opatsirana kapena osachiritsika
shuga wosadalira insulin, chikomokere,
kudya zakudya zopanda pake, kudya kwambiri,
kumangokhala
kuyesetsa kwakanthawi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mlingo wa insulini umatha kubwezeretsedwanso ngati mungazindikire kuchepa kwake. Izi zithandiza kufufuza zasayansi. Wodwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya, choyamba, kuchepetsa kumwa kwa ufa wa zinthu ndi shuga. M'pofunikanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chofunikira chotsatira ndi jakisoni wa kukonzekera kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake ndizofanana ndi insulin yachilengedwe yopangidwa m'thupi. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake motalikirana komanso nthawi yayitali, yapakati komanso yochepa.

Zosafunikanso kwambiri pakuzindikiritsa izi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikubwezeretsa maselo a pancreatic.

Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulini kuposa kwachilendo kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zolandilidwa zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu. Komanso, poyambira kagayidwe kakang'ono, maselo amafuta amasiya kuchita nawo. Wodwalayo amadandaula za kunjenjemera, thukuta kwambiri komanso kunjenjemera. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kufa ndi njala, kukhumudwa kwa mtima, nseru, komanso kusazindikira.

Madzi ochuluka kwambiri m'magazi siowopsa monga kuperewera kwake. Matendawa ndi owala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 osadalira insulin. Kukhazikika kwa matenda monga bronchitis, mphumu, myopia, stroke, kugunda kwa mtima sikutsutsidwa.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin yapamwamba ikhale m'magazi ikhoza kukhala:

mavuto ovutitsa, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi (makamaka mwa akazi),
lembani matenda a shuga atatu
kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwamagulu osiyanasiyana,
magwiridwe antchito a pituitary gland,
kuchuluka kwamafuta amakulidwe (acromegaly),
thumba lachiberekero la polycystic, zotupa mu kapamba (insulinoma) kapena gren adrenal,
Cushing's syndrome.

Zina zomwe sizikuchulukirapo zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi (makamaka, dystrophic myotonia) ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro a insulin komanso chakudya chamagulu.

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, njira yachipatala imapangidwa. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera komanso kusowa kunja. Zakudya zama calorie otsika komanso zochepa zama carb zimathandizira kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera ndikupanga ziphuphu.

Motsimikizika mankhwala omwe amachepetsa insulin. Ayenera kumwedwa tsiku lililonse. Izi zimachepetsa katundu pancreas ndikuletsa kufooka kwake.

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mokwanira, ndikofunikira kuti magazi azikhala ndi magazi nthawi zonse. Musayese kudya mopitilira 2 pa tsiku. Kamodzi pa sabata, kanani kudya. Kusala kumathandizira kubwezeretsa maselo. Onjezani fiber pazakudya zanu ndikuchepetsa ma carbs othamanga. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma osagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Zonsezi zikuthandizani kupewa matenda ndikukhala ndi moyo.

Udindo wa insulin posamalira ntchito ya thupi ndiwofunika chifukwa gawo ili la mahomoni limakhala ndi shuga lokwanira magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi insulin yomwe imatha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni, imasintha zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'zakudya zomwe zimalowa ndi chakudya kukhala minofu yambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zonse zokhudzana ndi insulini m'mwazi wa amayi, ana ndi abambo.

Zizindikiro za insulin m'magazi zimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso munthu. Mwachitsanzo, mwa ana, zizindikiro zomwe zaperekedwa zidzayambira pa atatu mpaka 20 μU / ml. Mwana wakhanda wosakwana zaka 12, tikulankhula za zizindikiro mpaka 10 mkU.

Zowoneka mwa akazi zimatha kukhala zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mwa oyimira akazi kunja kwa pakati, mfundo za insulin ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa atatu mpaka 25 mcU. Ali mwa mayi akuyembekezera mwana, amatha kuyambira 6 mpaka 27 mkU. Akatswiri amalipira chidwi chakuti:

Kwa amuna, izi zikuwonetsanso kuyambira atatu mpaka 25 mkU,
achikulire nthawi zambiri amatha kudzitamandira ndi zinthu monga 6 mpaka 35 mkU,
ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti chiwerengerocho chikuwonjezeka ndi zaka zazimuna ndi zazikazi,
muyezo wa insulin mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi sangathe kuthandizidwa ngati chizindikiro cha thanzi, chifukwa pamenepa nthawi zambiri chiŵerengerochi chimachulukitsidwa.

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino za piritsi la mahomoni ndikudziwa zonse momwe kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a amayi pamimba yopanda kanthu kumatsimikizidwira. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa abambo ndi ana. Poterepa, mtundu wa shuga (wodalira insulin) mwa amuna udzaletsedwa ndipo sugwirizana ndi zovuta.

Njira zodziwira insulin zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: labotale komanso odziyimira pawokha (kunyumba). Poyamba, akatswiri amachita magulu awiri a kusanthula. Loyamba ndi kuyamwa magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo maola opitilira asanu ndi atatu ayenera kuti adadutsa chakudya chatha.

Ndi yachiwiri mtundu wa kusanthula kumatanthauza kuyamwa kwa glucose mayeso. Wodwalayo amadya njira yothetsera shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu (75 g. Zinthu zosungunuka mu madzi 250-200 ml). Pakatha mphindi 120, magazi amatengedwa kuti aunikidwe ndipo shuga yeniyeni ya magazi imatsimikiziridwa, zomwe zimapereka chifukwa chowerengera zenizeni zomwe zimakhala ndi insulin m'magazi.

Zotsatira zolondola kwambiri zimapezedwa ndendende ndikuphatikiza mitundu iwiri yosanthula: m'mawa sampuli ya magazi imatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti njira yotseka shuga imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pambuyo maola awiri kuyezetsa kwachiwiri kumachitika. Zotsatira za mayeso awiriwa zimatsimikizira chidziwitso chokwanira pakuchitika kwa kapamba komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Musanayesedwe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsatira zakudya kwa masiku atatu.

Ponena za kutsimikiza kwa shuga, magazi ndi inshuwaransi kunyumba, ndikofunikira kulabadira kuti:

izi zikufunika glucometer, chomwe ndi chida chapadera chodziwitsira ndalamazi
miyeso izichitika pamimba yopanda kanthu,
Sambani manja anu bwino lomwe. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti disinication, komanso kusintha magazi mu thupi,
magazi amatha kutengedwa kuchokera kumiyala ya zala monga pakati, mphete ndi zala zazing'ono,
kuti muchepetse kupweteka, ndikofunikira kupuma pakati, koma pang'ono pambali.Pokhazikitsidwa shuga pang'onopang'ono, malo opumira amasintha. Izi zidzachotsa kutupika kapena khungu.

Owerenga mabakera anena zowona zonse zokhudza matenda ashuga! Matenda a shuga amapita pakatha masiku 10 ngati mumamwa m'mawa. »Werengani zambiri >>>

Dontho loyamba la magazi amapukutidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje louma ndipo dontho lotsatira lokha ndi lomwe limayikidwa pa mzere woyesera. Amayikidwa mu glucometer, ndipo zotsatira za kusanthula kwa insulin zimawonekera pazenera. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuwopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso momwe hypoglycemia imadziwonekera.

Kuchuluka kwa insulini kwotalikilapo kumabweretsa kusintha kwamphamvu kwa thupi. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwake kumatsitsa shuga. Izi zitha kutsatiridwa ndi kunjenjemera, thukuta, zolimba mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumakhala koopsa ndikumva njala mwadzidzidzi, nseru (makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu), komanso kukomoka.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini kwambiri kungakhale chifukwa chakukula kwa izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amalangizidwa kuwerengetsa mosamala kuchuluka kwake. Kuyankhula zomwe insulin imatanthawuza pazachilendo, amapereka chidwi chokhala ndi insulinomas (zotupa za pancreatic), kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa pituitary gland, ndi matenda ena a chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, sikofunikira kukayikira zoopsa za insulin yowonjezereka.

Hypoglycemia imalumikizidwa ndi zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kusowa kwa mahomoni omwe amatchulidwa kumalepheretsa kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo. Chifukwa cha izi, kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Zotsatira zake ndikuti kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsutsa zotsatirazi:

ludzu lalikulu
nkhawa
kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi kwanjala
kusakhazikika
kukodza pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro za matendawa siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa zimadziwika ndi kupita patsogolo mwachangu. Makamaka zochitika ndizofunikira kwambiri pamene insulin imatsitsidwa mwa mwana. Nthawi zambiri, zifukwa zake zimalumikizidwa ndi moyo wongokhala, katundu wambiri, kuphatikiza pamimba yopanda kanthu. Komanso, zinthu pakapangidwe ka hypoglycemia zimaphatikizanso kusokonezeka kwa ntchito ya pituitary gland (hypopituitarism), matenda osachiritsika komanso opatsirana, komanso kutopa kwamanjenje.

Kuchiza ndi kupewa insulin yosinthika m'mwazi ndizotheka. Zachidziwikire, chithandizo choterechi chiyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro, momwe zingakhalire kukambirana za kubwezeredwa kwakanthawi komanso kusiyanitsidwa kwa zovuta ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Chifukwa chake, monga gawo la mankhwala a insulin, tikulankhula za kudya, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Mankhwala ayenera kuyikidwa kokha ndi katswiri limodzi ndi kusintha kwa zakudya. Pankhaniyi, njira yobwezeretsa idzakhala yodzaza. Pachikhalidwe, menyu umaphatikizapo magawo asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi a chakudya, ndikofunikira kupatsa mwayi pazinthu zachilengedwe. Zina mwazakudya ziyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala. Kuwunika tsiku ndi tsiku kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe momwe zakudya zosinthidwira zimathandizira.

Chifukwa chake, kudziwika ndi chithandizo chakanthawi ndikofunikira ndikofunika kwambiri ngati munthu wawonjezera kapena watsika insulin. Ndikusamala kwamtunduwu za thanzi lanu lomwe ndikulola kupewa mavuto akulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu ali ndi moyo wathunthu.

Chimodzi mwamahoroni ofunikira kwambiri a metabolism m'thupi, komanso chakudya chama cell ndi minofu, ndi insulin.Kwa munthu wamkulu, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadalira mwachindunji zakudya komanso pazinthu zambiri, ndipo mwa ana, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi kumakhala kosasunthika ndipo kwenikweni sikusintha.

Ngati mwana akusinthasintha muyezo wa timadzi timene timatulutsa, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa komanso zolakwika zina mthupi la mwanayo.

Kutsika kwakukulu pamlingo wa mahomoni a pancreatic mwa mwana amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda amtundu wa achinyamata. Ndi matenda oterewa, insulini sikupangidwa, chifukwa chake, jakisoni wokhazikika wa timadzi mu magazi timafunika. Ichi ndi matenda otchedwa autoimmune ndipo chimatha chifukwa cha cholowa, komanso kupsinjika ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda opatsirana pancreatic.

Mankhwala amafunanso ndalama kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pali mankhwala anzeru amakono aku Europe, koma samangokhala chete. Kuti.

Muyezo wa insulin mwa ana ndi 3 - 10 μU / ml (kwa akulu - mpaka 20 μU / ml). Ngati miyambo imaphwanyidwira pamwambapa, izi zitha kubweretsanso chitsitsimutso chonse cha kusokonekera kwa metabolic ndikukula kwa njira zambiri zosafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, matenda oopsa, matenda ashuga, matenda a mtima ndi ena ambiri. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ngati kulemera kwa mwana ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa pafupifupi. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa ana, kumangokhala kutopa ndi kugona kumadziwika. Pankhaniyi, kuti thupi libwezeretse mwanjira yodziwika komanso kuti muzindikire bwino, muyenera kufunsa ndi endocrinologist.

Monga mwa achikulire, mwa ana pamakhala kutulutsidwa kwamphamvu kwa timadzi m'magazi tikapanikizika komanso pambuyo pokumana zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zochitika ziwiri ndizotheka: kukhathamiritsa, kuchuluka kwa magazi kudzabwezeretsa (zotsatira zosinthira), kapena matenda atha kukhala amoyo. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi poizoni woopsa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi shuga ya magazi. Chifukwa chake, pakupatuka kulikonse kuchokera pachiwonetsero (cham'mwamba kapena chotsika), ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga. Monga lamulo, ndi insulin yochepetsedwa, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadziwika. Koma kuchuluka kwa timadzi timeneti kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwabwinobwino, shuga amatha kukhazikika.

Makolo ayenera kusamala makamaka ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri. Ndipo samalirani ngakhale kusintha kocheperako paumoyo wa mwana, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe mavuto onenepa.

Zizindikiro zamavuto am'madzi amakhudzana ndi ana:

chilala chosalamulirika,
njala yosalekeza
kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi,
kutopa kwapafupipafupi (kufupika, kugona.),
thukuta lolemera
kufooka kwa minofu, nthawi zina minofu kukokana.

Ndinadwala matenda ashuga kwa zaka 31. Tsopano ali wathanzi. Koma, makapisozi awa ndi osatheka ndi anthu wamba, safuna kugulitsa mankhwala, sizopindulitsa kwa iwo.

Voitkevich, A.A. Antithyroid machitidwe a sulfonamides ndi thioureates / A.A. Voitkevich. - M: State Publishing House of Medical Literature, 1986. - 232 p.
Zach, K.P. Chitetezo chokwanira kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / K.P. Zack, T.N. Malinovskaya, N.D. Tronko. - M: Buku kuphatikiza, 2002. - 112 tsa.
Mkrtumyan A.M., Podachina S.V., Petunina N.A. Matenda a chithokomiro. Maupangiri a madotolo, Medforum - M., 2012. - 136 c.
Bogdanovich V.L. Matenda a shuga. Laibulale ya akatswiri. Nizhny Novgorod, "Nyumba Yosindikiza ya NMMD", 1998, 191 p., Makope 3000.
Chithandizo cha Okorokov A.N. Matenda a ziwalo zamkati. Gawo 2. Chithandizo cha matenda amitsempha. Chithandizo cha endocrine matenda. Chithandizo cha matenda a impso, Mabuku a Medical - M., 2014. - 608 c.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Zizindikiro zofananira

Miyezi yabwinobwino ya insulin m'magazi a akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana. Nthawi zina, kusiyana pang'ono kumakhala kotheka.Mwa akazi, uku ndi kutha msinkhu (kutha) ndi pakati.

Mlingo wa insulin mwa akazi umatengera zaka. Popita nthawi, zizindikiro zikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Zaka 25 mpaka 50	woposa zaka 60	Nthawi yamimba
3-25 mced / l	6- 35 mced / l	6-27 mced / l

Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadaliranso zaka. Okalamba amafunika mphamvu zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka 60, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa kumawonjezeka.

kuyambira 25 mpaka 50	woposa zaka 60
6- 35 mced / l

Mlingo wa insulin wokhala ndi shuga komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu

Mukamayeza kuchuluka kwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, zizindikiro zoyenera zimakhala:

Akuluakulu - kuyambira 1.9 mpaka 23 mced / l.
Amayi - kuyambira 6 mpaka 27 mked / l.
Ana ochepera zaka 14 - kuyambira 2 mpaka 20 mked / l.

Ndi katundu wazakudya, zizowoneka bwino:

Akuluakulu - kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 mced / l.
Amayi oyembekezera - kuyambira 16 mpaka 17 mced / l.
Ana ochepera zaka 14 - kuyambira 10 mpaka 11 mked / l.

Pansi pa insulin yokhazikika

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi zitha kukhala:

kupsinjika ndi maupsya okhumudwa.
magwiridwe antchito a hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland,
matenda opatsirana kapena osachiritsika
shuga wosadalira insulin, chikomokere,
kudya zakudya zopanda pake, kudya kwambiri,
kumangokhala
kuyesetsa kwakanthawi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Zosafunikanso kwambiri pakuzindikiritsa izi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikubwezeretsa maselo a pancreatic.

Wotsogola kuposa insulin yokhazikika

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin yapamwamba ikhale m'magazi ikhoza kukhala:

mavuto ovutitsa, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi (makamaka mwa akazi),
lembani matenda a shuga atatu
kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwamagulu osiyanasiyana,
magwiridwe antchito a pituitary gland,
kuchuluka kwamafuta amakulidwe (acromegaly),
thumba lachiberekero la polycystic, zotupa mu kapamba (insulinoma) kapena gren adrenal,
Cushing's syndrome.

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, njira yachipatala imapangidwa.Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera komanso kusowa kunja. Zakudya zama calorie otsika komanso zochepa zama carb zimathandizira kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera ndikupanga ziphuphu.

Motsimikizika mankhwala omwe amachepetsa insulin. Ayenera kumwedwa tsiku lililonse. Izi zimachepetsa katundu pancreas ndikuletsa kufooka kwake.

Kodi kuyezetsa magazi a insulin kumawonetsa chiyani?

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu kumatengedwa ngati mayeso ofunikira. Kukwanira kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pancreatic hormone kaphatikizidwe kumachitika pazaka zilizonse. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulini, ziwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwake sikumagwirizana ndi ntchito yake. Mwa achichepere ndi ana, chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga chimachitika mwachangu komanso mwachindunji, ndipo makamaka kudzera mwa ketoacidosis. Mbiri ya glycemic mu yovuta kwambiri imakwera kuposa mamilion khumi ndi asanu pa lita. Zinthu zapoizoni ndi mankhwala oopsa zimadziunjikira m'magazi. Zimasokoneza kulowerera kwa glucose m'maselo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi.

Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena ayi?

Funso limakonda kufunsidwa kwa madotolo. Monga kuyezetsa kwa insulin, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa magazi kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kupatula kumangokhala muzochitika zadzidzidzi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zochitika zadzidzidzi, mwachitsanzo, appendicitis. Zomangamanga zimatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha. Mukakusonkhanitsa magazi a venous, pamodzi ndi kusanthula kwapadera, kafukufuku amathanso kuthandizidwa pakuwonetsa zina, kuphatikizapo insulin.

Kupanga kwa insulin

Kupanga insulini ndi njira yovuta komanso yambiri. Choyamba, chinthu chosagwira ntchito chimapangidwa m'thupi, chimayamba ndi insulin (preproinsulin) yomwe imayamba kugwira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka preproinsulin kakhazikika pa chromosome ya munthu. Munthawi yomweyo ndi kapangidwe kake, L-peptide yapadera imapangidwa, mothandizidwa ndi momwe prroinsulin imadutsira mu membrane wa cell, imasandulika proinsulin ndipo imakhala yokhwima mu mawonekedwe apadera a cell (Golgi tata).

Kutalika ndi gawo lalitali kwambiri mu ma insulin kupanga. Munthawi imeneyi, proinsulin amawola kukhala insulin ndi C-peptide. Kenako timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi zinc, zomwe zimakhala mthupi mu mawonekedwe a ionic.

Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'maselo a beta kumachitika kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera. Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'magazi kumadalira kupezeka kwa mahomoni ena, mafuta acids ndi amino acid, calcium ndi potaziyamu ions wa plasma. Kupanga kwake kumachepa poyankha kumasulidwa kwa homoni ina - glucagon, yomwe imapangidwanso m'matumba, koma m'maselo ena - maselo a alpha.

Dongosolo lamanjenje laumwini la munthu limakhudzanso kubisirana kwa insulin:

Gawo la parasympathetic limakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kapangidwe ka insulin.
Pa kuponderezana kwa kaphatikizidwe, gawo lake lazachifundo lili ndi udindo.

Zochita za insulin

Zochita za insulin ndikuti zimawongolera ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya. Izi zimatheka pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'magazi a glucose, omwe amaloleza kulowa mkati mwaselo. Insulin m'thupi imagwira minofu yodalira insulin - minofu ndi mafuta. Pamodzi, minofu iyi imapanga 2/3 ya cell ya cell ndipo imayang'anira ntchito zofunika kwambiri (kupuma, magazi).

Kuchita kwa insulin kumachokera pa ntchito ya mapuloteni olandila mu membrane wa cell. Timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi cholandirira ndipo timazindikira, ndikuyamba ntchito yonse ya ma enzyme. Zotsatira zakusintha kwachilengedwe, mapuloteni a kinase C amathandizidwa, omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya.

Insulin yaumunthu imakhudza ma enzyme angapo, koma ntchito yayikulu yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi imadziwika ndi:

Kuchulukitsa kuthekera kwa maselo kunyamula glucose.
Kutsegula kwa shuga ntchito michere.
Imathandizira mapangidwe am'magazi a glucose monga glycogen m'maselo a chiwindi.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mapangidwe a shuga chiwindi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zochita za insulin ndikuti:

Kuchulukitsa kuyamwa kwa amino acid ndi ma cell.
Amasintha kuyenda kwa potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium ion mu cell.
Kuchulukitsa mafuta acid.
Zimalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala triglycerides mu chiwindi ndi adipose minofu.
Zimasintha kubwereza kwa DNA (kubereka).
Amachepetsa kuyenda kwamafuta m'magazi.
Imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.

Shuga ndi insulin

Madzi a insulin amakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga. Kodi zimachitika bwanji mwa munthu wathanzi? Nthawi zambiri, ndikapumira pakudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakhala kosasinthika chifukwa chakuti kapamba amapanga magawo ochepa a insulin. Chakudya chambiri chopatsa mphamvu chimalowa mkamwa, malovu amawaphwanya kukhala ma mamolekyulu osavuta a shuga omwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi kudzera pamkamwa.

Zikondazo zimalandira chidziwitso kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa insulin kuti kutaya glucose omwe akubwera, ndipo kumatengedwa kuchokera kuzosungidwa ndi chitsulo panthawi yachakudya. Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin pankhaniyi kumatchedwa gawo loyamba la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Zotsatira zake zakumasulidwa, shuga wamagazi amatsika kukhala wabwinobwino, ndipo mahomoni omwe amapezeka mu kapamba amatha. Gland imayamba kupanga insulini yowonjezera, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono - iyi ndi gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, insulini imapitilizidwa kupanga ndi kutulutsidwa m'magazi m'mene chakudya chimagwidwa. Thupi limasunga gawo la glucose mu mawonekedwe a glycogen mu minofu ndi chiwindi. Ngati glycogen ilibe kwina koti ipite, ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya m'magazi, insulin imawathandiza kukhala mafuta ndikusungidwa mu minofu ya adipose. Pomwe, pakapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayamba kuchepa, ma cell a pancreatic alpha ayamba kutulutsa glucagon, mahomoni omwe amasokoneza insulini pazomwe amachita: amauza minofu ndi chiwindi kuti nthawi yakwana yoti asinthe masitolo a glycogen kukhala glucose, ndipo potero amasunga shuga m'magazi zabwinobwino. Thupi lidzadzaza nkhokwe zotsalira za chakudya chamkati nthawi yotsatira.

Amakhala kuti kukhala ndi mulingo wamphamvu wamagazi m'magazi ndi chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwa mahomoni m'thupi, ndipo pali magulu awiri a mahomoni omwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Insulin ili ndi vuto la hypoglycemic - imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mawonekedwe a glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu. Ngati mulingo wa glucose ndiwopamwamba kuposa chiwerengero china, thupi limayamba kupanga insulini kuti mugwiritse ntchito shuga.
Glucagon ndi mahomoni a hyperglycemic opangidwa m'maselo a pancreatic alpha ndipo amasintha masitolo a chiwindi ndi minofu kukhala glucose.

Insulin: chizolowezi mwa akazi

Mulingo wabwinobwino wa insulini m'mwazi wa mkazi umaonetsa kuti thupi limagwirizana ndi kukonza kwa shuga. Mtengo wabwino wa glucose wabwino umachokera pa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l, insulin imachokera ku 3 mpaka 26 mcED / ml. Miyezo ya amayi okalamba ndi amayi apakati ndiosiyana pang'ono:

Okalamba - 6-35 mkU / ml.
Mwa amayi apakati - 6-28 mkU / ml.

Mlingo wa insulini uyenera kukumbukiridwa pozindikira matenda a shuga: komanso kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi, kusanthula kwa insulin kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mumvetsetse ngati pali matenda. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezeka komanso kuchepa kwa chizindikiro pokhudzana ndi manambala abwinobwino ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake, insulin yowonjezereka ikuwonetsa kuti kapamba akungokhala, akupereka mphamvu zowonjezera za mahomoni, ndipo samatengedwa ndi maselo amthupi. Kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatanthauza kuti ma cell a beta a kapamba sangathe kutulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mwa amayi apakati, glucose wamagazi ndi insulin ali ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa choti placenta imapanga mahomoni omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo imayambitsa kutulutsa insulini. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera, kumadutsa placenta kupita kwa mwana, kukakamiza kapamba wake kuti azigwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso ndikupanga insulin yambiri. Glucose amamezedwa ndikusungidwa monga mafuta, kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumawonjezeka, ndipo izi ndi zowopsa pamaphunziroli ndi zotsatira za kubadwa mtsogolo - mwana wamkulu akhoza kungolimbidwa mu ngalande yobadwa. Kuti mupewe izi, azimayi omwe awulula kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi glucose panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ayenera kuonedwa ndi dokotala ndikupanga nthawi yake.

Insulin: chizolowezi mwa amuna

Muyezo wa insulin ndi womwewo kwa amuna ndi akazi, ndipo ndi 3-26 μU / ml. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa katulutsidwe ka mahomoni ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ali aang'ono, motsutsana ndi maziko a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (chimfine) - matendawa amayamba ndendende, nthawi zambiri odwala amafika kuchipatala ali ndi vuto la chikomokere kapena hyperglycemic. Matendawa ndi a mtundu wa autoimmune (maselo amawonongeka ndi maselo awo omwe amapha, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusachita bwino mthupi), amatchedwa matenda a shuga 1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kokha kwa moyo wonse ndi zakudya zapadera zomwe zingathandize pano.

Mwamuna akakhala ndi insulini yowonjezereka, munthu amatha kukayikira kupezeka kwa zotupa, matenda a chiwindi ndi gland ya adrenal. Ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso, palibe chomwe chidawululidwa, ndikuwonjezereka kwa insulin kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri akhoza kukayikiridwa. Poterepa, ma cell receptor amataya chidwi chawo ndi insulin. Ngakhale kuti kapamba amatulutsa kwambiri, glucose sangathe kulowa mu cell kudzera mu membrane wa cell. Type 2 shuga mellitus pakugonana kwamphamvu amawonekera ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wopanda thanzi, ndi zizolowezi zoyipa.

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe kuphwanya kwa mapangidwe ndi kuphatikizira kwa insulin kwa amuna kumakuphatikizira? Vuto lachimuna la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi kusabala. Chifukwa chakuti glucose sagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola, mulingo wamagazi ake umakwezedwa, ndipo izi zimakhudza mitsempha yamagazi moyipa, imawonjezera mphamvu yawo ndikuwononga mamangidwe ake. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (diabetesic neuropathy) kumayamba, ndipo chidwi cha mitsempha chimatha.

Pofuna kuti asakumane ndi vuto losautsa ili, odwala matenda ashuga amuna amayenera kuwonedwa ndi endocrinologist, agwiritse ntchito nthawi yake yonse, onani kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi.

Mlingo wa insulin mwa ana (wabwinobwino)

Muyezo wa insulin mwa mwana ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mcU / ml. M'matenda ena, kukula kwake ndi kuchepa kwake kumawonedwa:

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa insulin.

Matenda amtunduwu ndi omwe amakhala pakati pa ana. Zimayamba, monga lamulo, paubwana; zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyambi chamkuntho komanso njira yayikulu. Maselo a Beta amafa ndikusiya kutulutsa insulin, ndiye kuti jakisoni wa mahomoni okha ndi omwe angapulumutse mwana wodwala.Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zili m'mavuto obadwa nawo a autoimmune, matenda aliwonse aubwana amatha kusanduka makina. Matendawa amayamba ndi kuwonda kwambiri, nseru, kusanza. Nthawi zina ana amafika kuchipatala ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri (thupi likalephera kuthana ndi kuchepa kwambiri kapena kuwonjezeka kwa insulini ndi shuga wamagazi). Muubwana, kuyambika kwa matendawa kumatha kusokonekera, nthawi yomalizira imatha mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo panthawiyi mwana amadandaula kuti akupwetekedwa mutu, kutopa, kufunitsitsa kosadya chakudya. Tizilombo ta pustular titha kuwoneka pakhungu. Chithandizo cha mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga kwa ana ndikulembera jakisoni wa insulin kuti apange kusowa kwa mahomoni athu omwe.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, hyperplasia ya zisumbu za Langerhans, insulinoma, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumakwera.

Insulinoma ndi hyperplasia ndizosowa, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri. Zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa insulini, shuga m'magazi sagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo amakhalabe okwera chifukwa chophwanya kuzindikira kwa ma cell receptors. Chithandizo cha matendawa ndikubwezeretsa zamkati chifukwa cha mankhwala apadera, kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mkulu insulin kwambiri mwa akuluakulu

Mu thupi lathanzi, chilichonse chikuyenera kukhala chofanana. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku metabolism ya carbohydrate, yomwe gawo lake ndi kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza molakwika kuti insulini yokwezeka ndiyabwino kwambiri: thupi silikhala ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi. M'malo mwake, izi siziri choncho. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi ndikungoopsa ngati mtengo wake wotsikirapo.

Chifukwa chiyani kuphwanya kotero kumachitika? Zomwe zimatha kukhala kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kake kapangidwe ka kapamba (zotupa, ma hyperplasia), komanso matenda a ziwalo zina, chifukwa cha kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamayambitsa matenda (kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi, ndulu za adrenal, ndi zina). Komabe, nthawi zambiri, insulin imakwera kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, kapamba akamagwera ntchito mwachizolowezi, ndipo maselo am'misika ya Langerhans amapitiliza kupanga mahomoni nthawi zonse. Cholinga chowonjezeka cha insulin chimakhala insulin kukana - kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kwa icho. Zotsatira zake, shuga kuchokera m'magazi sangathe kulowa mkati mwa cell, ndipo thupi, poyesera kubweretsa glucose mu cell, limatulutsa insulin yambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse imakhala yolimba. Nthawi yomweyo, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kokha gawo la zovuta: pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya 2 odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi metabolic syndrome, pomwe, kuwonjezera pa shuga wambiri, munthu amakhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu magazi, matenda oopsa, komanso matenda amtima. Ponena za chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga a 2 munganene kuti:

Kunenepa kwam'mimba, momwe mafuta amawaikira m'chiuno.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa "poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi.

Ofufuzawo amawona ngati majini ndi chifukwa chothandizira kukana insulini: kukana kumayenera kukhala njira ya thupi yopulumukira nthawi yanjala, chifukwa kuphwanya chidwi cha insulin receptors kumakupatsani mwayi wodana ndi mafuta munthawi yoyenera. Komabe, mwayi wakusinthika kwa momwe zinthu ziliri masiku ano zidasanduka vuto: thupi limasunga mafuta ngakhale osafunikira - anthu otukuka amakono adayiwaliratu za njala, koma anthu akupitilizabe kudya ndi nkhokwe, yomwe "idasungidwa" kumbali zawo.

Dziwani kuchuluka kwa insulini (hyperinsulinism) pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi komwe kwatulutsidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu - nthawi zambiri mtengo wa mahomoni m'magazi umachokera 3 mpaka 28 mcED / ml. Magazi amatengedwa mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa akatha kudya kuchuluka kwa insulin kwambiri.

Kodi mungatani ngati kusanthula kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini? Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake - njira zamankhwala ena zimatengera izi: mwachitsanzo, ngati kuphwanya kuyanjana ndi kukhalapo kwa insulinoma, wodwalayo amaperekedwa kuti amuchotsere chotupa. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kukwera chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba a adrenal ndi cortex, chiwindi, zotupa za pituitary, muyenera kuthana ndi matenda awa - kuchotsedwa kwawo kudzapangitsa kutsika kwa insulin. Eya, ngati choyambitsa matendawa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi matenda ashuga, chakudya chapadera cha carb chapadera ndi mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kukweza chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin ingathandize.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin panthawi yomwe uli ndi pakati

Miyezi yambiri ya insulini yomwe imakwera nthawi zambiri imapezeka pathupi - pamenepa amalankhula za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chotere kwa mayi ndi mwana ndi chiani? Mwana akhoza kukhala wamkulu kwambiri, wokhala ndi mapewa ophuka mopitirira muyeso, ndipo izi ndizowopsa pakubadwa kwamtsogolo - mwana amatha kukhazikika mumsewu wobadwira. Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kuyambitsa fetal hypoxia. Amayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga omwe sagwirizana ndi pakati.

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga gestational chikuwonjezeka:

Matenda Am'mbuyomu
Kulemera kwambiri
Polycystic Ovary
Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga m'banjamo

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali kuchuluka kwa insulini komanso kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya nthawi yapakati?

Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa mu kapamba. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yake, shuga amasungidwa ndi maselo, ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi umachepa. Nthawi yapakati, placenta imapanga mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Glucose kudzera mu placenta amalowa m'magazi a mwana, ndipo kapamba wake, poyesera kukonza vutoli, amaperekanso insulin yambiri. Nawonso, timadzi tambiri tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapangitsa kuti magazi azisungidwa mosavuta komanso kuti asanduke mafuta osungira. Zotsatira zake, kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwa kukukula mwachangu - pali macrosomia ya mwana wosabadwayo.

Kodi matenda ashuga amakhudza bwanji mkazi?

Monga lamulo, iye samavutitsa mayi woyembekezera m'njira iliyonse, ndipo amapezeka mwamwayi akamadutsa mayeso achizolowezi, makamaka mayeso ololera a glucose, omwe amachitika pakatha masabata 26-28 oyembekezera. Nthawi zina matendawa amawonekera mowonekera bwino: kupumula kwamatenda akulu, ludzu losatha komanso kukodza kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga a Gestational angayikiridwe ndi ultrasound ya mwana wosabadwayo - kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake kungasonyeze kukula kwa matendawa.

Mtengo wabwinobwino wa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'madzi a m'magazi panthawi ya pakati ndi 6-28 mkU / ml, shuga - mpaka 5.1 mmol / l. Nthawi zina, kuphatikiza pa mayesowa, kafukufuku wa "glycated hemoglobin" - amawonetsa kutalika komwe mayi amakhala ndi matenda a shuga. Glycated hemoglobin ndi hemoglobin wopangidwa kuchokera ku glucose. Amapangidwa pomwe msuzi wamagazi amakwezedwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka miyezi itatu).

Kodi kuchitira matenda ashuga?

Choyamba, mayi amayenera kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa komanso kudziyang'anira shuga wa m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yosunthira, pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya. Zolakwika zambiri zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chakudya choyenera kupatula "chakudya chambiri", chakudya chofunikira komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda, kusambira). Maphunziro akuthupi ndi ofunikira kwambiri - chifukwa masewera olimbitsa thupi amapereka thupi ndi mpweya, kusintha kagayidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga ochulukirapo ndikuthandizira kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Koma ngati njira izi sizinathandize, mayi woyembekezera akuyembekezera jakisoni wa insulin, kuloledwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Monga lamulo, ma insulin "afupikitsidwe" amayikidwa kudya musanadye, komanso "kutalika" asanagone komanso m'mawa. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa kutenga pakati, ndipo pambuyo poti abadwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amachoka okha, ndipo chithandizo china sichofunikira.

Mulingo wambiri wa insulin

Mankhwala ambiri a insulin ndi vuto lomwe limachitika ubwana. Ana ochulukirachulukira akuvutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndipo makolo nthawi zina samaganiza kuti ndi owopsa bwanji m'thupi. Inde, pali zochitika pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zina: mwa ana, monga akuluakulu, pakhoza kukhala zotupa ndi matenda a pituitary gland, adrenal gland ndi cortex, insulinomas. Koma nthawi zambiri, kuphwanya kwamphamvu kagayidwe kachakudya kamakhala ndi chibadwa, pomwe zakudya zosayenera, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupanikizika zimapanikizika.

Zotsatira zake, mwana amakula matenda amtundu wa 2, womwe, ngakhale akugwira ntchito kapamba ndi insulin, maselo amataya chidwi chake. Tsoka ilo, madotolo akuti mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri tsopano ndi "wachichepere" - ana ochulukirapo akuvutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya ka metabolism.

Kodi ndingatani ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwa mwana kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini? Choyamba, ndikofunikira kupatula matenda chifukwa kupangika kwa mahomoni (insulin, hyperplasia ya islets ya Langerhans, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, pituitary ndi adrenal gland). Ngati maphunzirowa atatha kupezeka matendawa sakupezeka, ndipo pali zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kubwezeretsa chidwi cha maselo a cell kuti azikhala ndi insulini ndikuchepetsa katundu pancreas kuti isachokere ku kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa mahomoni. Izi zitha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera, zakudya zama carb otsika komanso maphunziro olimbitsa thupi. Kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana ndi nthawi yobwereza mndandanda ndi moyo wa banja lonse: inde - masewera ndi zakudya zoyenera, ayi - chakudya chofulumira komanso sabata kumapeto.

Zoyambitsa Miyezo Ya insulin Yokwera

Kuchuluka kwa insulini mwa anthu kumatha kukhala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala, secretion ya mahomoni owonjezera imatchedwa "hyperinsulinism." Kutengera ndi zomwe zidayambitsa, matendawa ndi omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi matendawa:

Pulayimale imalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa glucagon secretion komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin yopangidwa ndi maselo a beta a pancreatic a Langerhans. Izi zimachitika:

Zikondamoyo zimakhudzidwa ndi chotupa chomwe chimawonjezera kupanga kwa insulin. Monga lamulo, zotupa zoterezi zimakhala zopanda vuto ndipo zimatchedwa insulinomas.
Zisumbu za Langerhans mu gland zimakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chamunthu chambiri.
M'maselo a alpha, secretion wa glucagon amachepetsedwa.

Njira yachiwiri yamatendawa siyokhudzana ndi mavuto a pancreatic, ndipo akufotokozedwa pakupatuka kwa magwiridwe antchito amanjenje ndikubisalira katulutsidwe ka mahomoni ena omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha sekondale (yowonjezera-pancreatic) chingakhale kusintha m'malingaliro a insulin receptors. Kodi ndimavuto otani mthupi omwe angathandizire kukulitsa kwa hyperinsulinism?

Matenda Achilengedwe
Matenda (kuphatikiza zotupa ndi zotupa) za adrenal gland, matenda a adrenal cortex.
Kuvulala kwa chiwindi.
Kuchepetsa chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndi insulin yowonjezereka, shuga yamagazi imakhalabe yapamwamba.
Kugwira ntchito pamimba ya m'mimba (makamaka, kupatsanso m'mimba) kungayambitse kuti chakudya cham'mimba chimatulutsidwa mofulumira kwambiri m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimatengedwa mwachangu kumeneko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kutulutsidwa kwa insulin.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hyperinsulinism masiku ano chimapangitsa insulini kudziwa ma cellular receptors. Maselo amasiya kuzindikira mahomoni awa, ndipo thupi "silimvetsa" izi ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa insulin, yomwe, komabe, siyimachepetsa glucose m'magazi - umu ndi momwe mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umapangidwira.Monga lamulo, ndizofanana kwa anthu azaka zapakatikati ndi achikulire, ndipo zimaposa 90% ya matenda onse a shuga. Ndipo ngati za mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga zitha kunenedwa kuti munthu sanakhale ndi mwayi wobadwa ndi jini losalongosoka lomwe limayambitsa matendawa, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga a 2 ndi "oyenera" kwa iye mwini: amayamba mwa omwe amamwa mafuta komanso okoma, amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo ali ndi zizolowezi zoyipa.

Akuchepetsa Akuluakulu a Inulin

Mlingo wocheperako wa insulin, monga lamulo, umaonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga - chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa timadzi ta m'magazi, glucose sagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma amakhalabe m'magazi. Kutsika kwamapulogalamu a insulin m'matenda a shuga kumabweretsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa:

Kuchulukitsa pokodza, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo (makamaka masiku a usiku). Izi ndichifukwa choti glucose ochulukirapo amachokera mkodzo, ndipo glucose "amatenga" madzi nawo, kukulitsa kukodza.
Kumverera kwa ludzu losatha (mwanjira iyi thupi limayesetsa kupanga kutayika kwa madzimadzi mu mkodzo).
Hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa shuga: kutsika kwa insulini m'magazi kapena kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa mapangidwe ake kumapangitsa kuti glucose asalowe m'maselo, ndipo amakumana ndi vuto. Mutha kupanga kuperewera kwa insulin ndi jakisoni wokhazikika wa mankhwala a insulin analogue.

Zoyambitsa Lowulin Insulin

Magazi a insulin amatha kutsika chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yambiri. Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake izi zimachitika, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist. Zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kupanga insulin ndi:

Zakudya zopanda thanzi: Chakudyacho chili ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri zopatsa mphamvu komanso mafuta a nyama, zopatsa mphamvu (shuga, ufa). Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuti insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba ndiyosakwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma carbohydrate omwe analandiridwa, ndipo thupi likuyesayesa kuti lizipanga kachulukidwe kamankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya beta.
Kulephera kutsatira zakudya (kudya kwambiri).
Anachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha matenda komanso matenda osachiritsika.
Kusowa tulo, kuda nkhawa, kupsinjika kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi.
Kuperewera kwa ntchito yolimbitsa thupi - chifukwa cha iwo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa nthawi yomweyo.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amapezeka mwa achinyamata. Awa ndi matenda osachiritsika pomwe jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin omwe amatsanzira kupanga kwake kwachilengedwe kudzathandiza wodwala.

Asayansi amawona chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga kukhala cholowa chamatenda a autoimmune, ndipo chochititsa chitha kukhala kuvulala kapena kuzizira, chifukwa chomwe njira yowonongera maselo a pancreatic beta imayamba. Chifukwa chake, insulin yomwe ili mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga imasiya kupangika konse, kapena siyokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito shuga.

Kodi matendawa amayamba bwanji? Wodwalayo amadandaula kuti afooka ndipo amatopa, amakhala wosakwiya, nthawi zambiri amakodza komanso amakhala ndi ludzu kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa thupi. Nthawi zina mseru ndi kusanza zimawonjezeredwa ndi zizindikirazo.

Pakakhala chithandizo cha insulin, munthu amatha kufa ndi matenda oopsa komanso hypoglycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wambiri wamagazi amakhala ndi mphamvu yokhudza thupi: mitsempha yamagazi (makamaka impso ndi maso) zowonongeka, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapazi kumasokonezeka ndipo khungu limatha kuchitika, mitsempha imakhudzidwa, matenda a fungus amawonekera pakhungu.

Njira yokhayo yamankhwala ndikutenga Mlingo wa insulin womwe udzalowe m'malo mwa mahomoni achilengedwe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndimankhwala omwe amayamba, omwe amatchedwa "kukwatirana ndi ukwati" amayamba, pamene mulingo wa insulin umasinthika mwanjira yoti wodwala amatha kupanga popanda jakisoni.Tsoka ilo, nthawi imeneyi simatenga nthawi yayitali (makamaka chifukwa anthu amasiya kudya ndipo samapanga jakisoni wololedwa). Ngati mungafikire mankhwalawa mwanzeru, mutha kuyesa kusunga ma cell anu ambiri a beta momwe angathere, omwe apitiliza kupanga insulin, ndikuchita ndi ochepa jakisoni.

Type 2 shuga

Kodi matenda ashuga a 2 ndi otani? Mu shuga, insulin siyileka kupangidwa ndi thupi, koma mphamvu ya zolandilira kwa izo imasintha - kukana insulini kumachitika. Monga lamulo, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 35 ndi 40, ndipo onenepa kwambiri. Choyambitsa matenda a shuga ndi:

Kuwonongeka kwam'tsogolo kwa chitukuko cha metabolic syndrome ndi mavuto a kagayidwe kazakudya.
Zakudya zopanda thanzi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri "zothamanga".
Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Mu gawo loyambirira, insulin ya shuga imapangidwa ndi kapamba muzochuluka, koma matupi awo samayankha. Thupi limachulukitsa kubisalira kwa mahomoni, ndipo pakapita nthawi, maselo a beta am'mapapo amatha, ndipo munthu amafunika jakisoni wa insulin, monga mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala alibe zizindikiro. Odwala amangodandaula za kuyabwa, kupezeka kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, ndipo amawona dokotala pamene matenda ashuga aphatikizidwa ndi retino-, neuropathy, komanso mavuto a impso.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, wodwalayo amatha kuthandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Monga lamulo, kuchepa thupi kumapangitsa kuti ma receptor apezenso chidwi ndi insulin. Ngakhale kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umatchedwa osadalira-insulin, pambuyo pake wodwalayo angafunike kuyambitsidwa kwa insulin ya anthu - izi zimachitika ma cell a beta atatha kuchokera ku kuphatikizira kwakukulu kwa mahomoni.

Mitundu ya kukonzekera kwa insulin

Chithandizo cha insulin ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga. Kutengera momwe kukonzekera kumapangidwira, pali:

Ng'ombe ya insulin - imatha kupatsa mphamvu mitundu yonse yamavuto, chifukwa kapangidwe ka protein ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu.
Mankhwala ochokera ku ziphuphu za nkhumba. Amathanso kukhala allergenic, ngakhale amasiyana ndi insulin ya munthu mu amino acid imodzi.
Ma Analogs a insulin ya munthu - amapezeka ndikusintha amino acid mu porcine insulin.
Mankhwala osinthidwa ma genetic - mahomoni "amapangidwa" ndi kapangidwe ka Escherichia coli.

Ma Analogs ndi mankhwala osinthika ma genet ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri chamankhwala a insulin, chifukwa samayambitsa ziwengo ndipo amapereka chokhazikika pakuchiritsa. Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a mankhwalawo pa phukusi: MS - monocomponent, NM - analogue kapena kusinthidwa. Kulembeka ndi manambala kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapezeka mu 1 ml ya mankhwalawa.

Ma insulini samasiyana osati koyambirira, komanso nthawi yanthawi:

"Mwachangu", kapena ultrashort - ayambe kugwira ntchito mukangomaliza kutsata.

Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 1-1,5, kutalika kwake ndi maola 3-4. Amapatsidwa chakudya musanadye, kapena mutangomaliza kudya. Mtundu wa insulin wa ultrashort umaphatikizapo Novorapid ndi Insulin Humalog.

"Pafupi" - theka la ola pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe, ntchito zapamwamba - pambuyo pa maola 2-3, zonse, zimatha mpaka maola 6.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa mphindi 10-20 musanadye. Pa nsonga ya ntchito, muyenera kukonzekera zoziziritsa kukhosi. Chitsanzo cha insulin "yayifupi" ndi Insulin Actrapid, Insuman Rapid.

"Yapakatikati" - gwiritsani ntchito mkati mwa maola 12-16, yambani kugwira ntchito patatha maola awiri ndi atatu pambuyo pa utsogoleri, nsonga - pambuyo pa maola 6-8.

Mankhwalawa amatumizidwa katatu patsiku. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala - Protafan, Insulin Humulin NPH.

"Yaitali" - ili ndi mphamvu yayitali ndipo imapangitsa kupanga insulin.

Imayendetsedwa 1-2 pa tsiku.Mankhwala ena amatchedwa "opanda pake" chifukwa alibe chiwonetsero chokwanira pantchito ndipo amayerekezera kwathunthu kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kwa anthu athanzi. Mtundu wopanda kanthu wa insulin umaphatikizapo Levemir ndi Lantus.

Kuphatikizidwa, kapena kusakanizidwa.

Pokonzekera motere, Mlingo wa insulin yayitali komanso yochepa umakhala utasakanikirana kale mu syringe imodzi, kotero wodwala amafunika kupatsidwa jakisoni ochepa. Mankhwala amasiyana mosiyanasiyana momwe mitundu iwiri ya insulin imasakanizidwira. Mtundu wa mankhwala, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, uyenera kusankha ndi endocrinologist. Chitsanzo cha mtundu wophatikiza insulin ndi Novomix.

Jakisoni wa insulin

Jakisoni wa insulin ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Momwe munthu amawapangirirani zimadalira thanzi lake komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu chamankhwala ake. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amabwera m'mafuta ochepetsa - izi zimapangitsa kuti mayankho ake amwayende bwino m'magazi. Malo osavuta kwambiri a jakisoni ndi pamimba (kupatula msomali), matako, ntchafu yakutsogolo ndi phewa kunja. Pa gawo lililonse la thupi, insulini imalowa m'magazi othamanga mosiyanasiyana: njira yochepetsetsa imakhala ngati yaikidwa kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, kuthamanga kwambiri kuchokera pamimba. Pankhani imeneyi, mankhwala "achidule" amafunika kulowetsedwa m'mimba ndi phewa, ndipo insulini yotalikirapo imayenera kuyilowetsedwa kumtunda kwa matako kapena ntchafu. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Novorapid kapena Lantus, jakisoni itha kuchitika mwanjira iliyonse mwamagawo awa.

Simungathe kubaya insulini pamalo omwewo komanso motalikirana ndi 2 cm kuchokera pa jekeseni wam'mbuyomu. Kupanda kutero, zisindikizo zamafuta zimatha kuwonekera, chifukwa chomwe mankhwalawo amalowa kwambiri m'magazi. Njira ya jakisoni imakhala ndi magawo angapo:

Muyenera kusamba m'manja ndi sopo.
Pukuta khungu ndi mowa wokupukuta (ngati sukusamba).
Syringe yokhala ndi insulini yowonjezera ikuyenera kusinthidwa kangapo, koma osagwedezeka - kuti ikhale bwino.
Kenako muyenera kuyimba kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa kupukusira kuyimba mozungulira mozungulira kumanzere kupita manambala omwe mukufuna.
Pangani khungu lanu ndikulowetsa singano pamalo a 45-90-, ndikanikizani pa pisitoni ndikuyembekezera masekondi 15.
Pang'onopang'ono ndikutulutsani singano pang'onopang'ono kuti mankhwalawo asatuluke mu punuction.

Kuonetsetsa mulingo woyenera wa insulin m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndi kuchuluka kwa jakisoni kuyenera kusankhidwa limodzi ndi endocrinologist. Monga lamulo, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Jakisoni atatu (kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo) cha "ifupi ", ndi limodzi kapena awiri (m'mawa ndi madzulo) - a insulin" yayitali ". Mankhwalawa amatsanzira kapangidwe ka insulin ndi chithokomiro, koma nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.
Mawu oyamba awiri (aafupi "a insulin" komanso "yayitali") asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Pankhaniyi, kudya mwamphamvu komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizofunikira.

Wodwala akayamba kudwala matenda oyamba ndi kupuma kapena ma chimfine, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka insulin yofupikirako kungakhale kofunikira, popeza kupangika kwa ma cell kumalepheretsa kachilombo ka virus.

Malamulo a insulin

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malamulo ena:

Ma syringe ndi mankhwala amayenera kusungidwa kutentha. Ngati insulin yogwira ntchito yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito, iyenera kusakanizidwa ndikutulutsa cholembera.
Kusankha kwa jakisoni kumatengera mtundu wa insulini yomwe ilowetsedwa ("kufupikitsika") kuyenera kubayidwa m'malo omwe mumayamwa mwachangu, "nthawi yayitali" - pomwe imachedwa.
Simungathe kupanga jakisoni nthawi yomweyo - izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zisindikizo zamafuta ochepa komanso zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo amwe.
Mukachotsa kapu, muyenera kulumikiza singano ndi cholembera mu syringe molingana ndi malangizo. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito singano yatsopano ndi jakisoni watsopano aliyense.
Ngati pali vial wamkulu wamkati mu syringe, dinani thupi ndi singano ikuloza m'mwamba kuti vial ituluke, ndikutulutsa magawo angapo amlengalenga. Mabulosi ang'onoang'ono safunikira kuchotsedwa.
Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umakhazikitsidwa ndikutembenuza woyendetsa syringe molingana ndi malangizo.
Kuti mupeze bwino mankhwala a insulini, muyenera kupanga khola la khungu pamalo ofunikira, ndikuyika singano pamakona a 45 mpaka 90 madigiri. Pambuyo pake, pang'onopang'ono ndikudina batani la syringe, werengani mpaka 20, ndikuyikoka mosamala, mutamasula khungu.

Insulin pochiza matenda a shuga

Chithandizo cha insulin ndiye njira yayikulu yotsatsira wodwala matenda ashuga. Kuti mankhwalawa abweretse zomwe akufunazo, ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi endocrinologist. Kudzisankhira nokha mankhwalawa ndi ma dosages kungawononge thanzi lanu!

Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulini ndikusintha kwathunthu njira yomwe yatayika ya mahomoni ndimakonzedwe opanga mankhwala. Pachifukwa ichi, adotolo amasankha mankhwala omwe angagwire bwino thupi la wodwalayo. Wodwala, nayenso ayenera kulandira chithandizo moyenera: kutsatira zakudya, zakudya ndi insulin.

Mwamwayi, kuchuluka kwakadali pano kwa mankhwala kumathandizira wodwala kuti azikhala ndi moyo wathunthu: kuphatikiza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali mankhwala alipo, mapampu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, lingaliroli linazika mizu m'maganizo a ambiri: ngati muyamba kubaya insulin, zimatanthawuza kuti mudzidziwe kuti ndinu olumala. M'malo mwake, chithandizo choyenera cha insulin ndi chitsimikizo kuti munthu sadzakulitsa zovuta zovuta za shuga zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala. Chithandizo chokwanira chimapangitsa "kutsitsa" maselo a beta otsala ndikuwapatsanso mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kukweza kwa magazi kwa magazi. Popita nthawi, wodwala angafunike Mlingo wochepa wa insulin.

Zakudya Zochepa za Insulin

Kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi la munthu ndizofanana ndi matenda ashuga. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimafuna chakudya chamagulu ochepa (Pevzner tebulo 9). Kodi malamulo okhathamiritsa zakudya izi ndi ati?

Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zopatsa thanzi, ndipo zopatsa mphamvu zake ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Ndikusowa kwa insulin, shuga ilibe nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magazi, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri, ndipo zina mwa izo ziyenera kuthetsedweratu: odwala matenda ashuga sadzakhala ndi semolina, mbatata, mpunga woyera, shuga ndi uchi.
Malinga ndi malangizo a dotolo, m'malo mwa shuga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito xylitol, sorbitol, fructose ndi zotsekemera zina. Monga lamulo, iwo amamizidwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa shuga, ndikulola kuwongolera bwino shuga.
Chakudya chizikhala chosangalatsa komanso pafupipafupi, ndipo magawo azikhala ochepa. Chiwerengero choyenera cha zakudya ndizosachepera kasanu, ndipo nthawi iliyonse muyenera kuyesetsa kudya chakudya chofanana.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa CHIKWANGWANI m'zakudya, zomwe zimapatsa chidwi chokwanira komanso zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwamafuta ndi chakudya. CHIKWANGWANI chimapezeka makamaka mu masamba osaphika: nkhaka, kabichi, tomato, zukini.
Popeza kuphwanya kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi kuphatikizira kwa insulin ya mahomoni nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndimatayidwe amafuta, menyu uyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi lipotropic (kugawaniza mafuta): kanyumba tchizi, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, ng'ombe, oatmeal.
M'pofunika kusiya mbale zomwe zili ndi mafuta azinyama, yokazinga, msuzi wolemera.

Zakudya zambiri za insulin

Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti kapamba azitulutsa mopitirira muyeso. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi cha ma cell receptor kwa icho chimatha kusokonekera - izi zimachitika ndi metabolic syndrome, munthu akakhala ndi matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a lipid metabolism, mtima ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi.Thupi limatulutsa insulin pachabe, ikulimbikitsa kapamba. Kodi mungakonze bwanji kuphwanya koteroko? Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amatipatsa mankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kadyedwe ndi izi:

Kuchepetsa kwa "chakudya" chofulumira ", chomwe chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi. Ndikofunika kuwachotsa kotheratu, makamaka zakudya za "pang'onopang'ono": mpunga wa bulauni, durum tirigu, pasitala, mkate wopanda tirigu.
Kukula kwa magawo - kuchuluka kwa chakudya pa chakudya chimodzi kuyenera kukhala kochepa, muyenera kudya pafupipafupi (katatu pa tsiku).
Ngati ndizotheka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera m'malo mwa shuga.
Kanani mowa.
Imwani madzi ambiri wamba, kuthetsa ludzu lanu lonse.
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umadyeka (m'mbale ndi zouma).
Pewani zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi sodium yambiri (mtedza wamchere, soseji, chakudya chamzitini).

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhala m'zakudya za munthu yemwe ali ndi insulin yayikulu?

Nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa (makamaka ng'ombe).
Mkaka wopanda mafuta ambiri ndi zinthu mkaka wowawasa, tchizi tchizi.
Mazira ochepa.
Mbewu zonse ndi chimanga.
Masamba omwe alibe wowuma: kabichi, dzungu, broccoli, tomato, ndi zina zambiri.
Mitundu.
Zipatso zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.

Kupewa kwambiri komanso kwamphamvu insulin

Ngati insulini m'thupi ipangidwa mosakwanira kapena, mopitilira muyeso, izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa glucose m'magazi. Ngakhale shuga wambiri komanso wotsika ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kumafuna kutsatira malamulo ena:

Ngati mukuvutika ndi kupanga insulini yovutitsa komanso kuyamwa, pezani chovala pachifuwa kapena lembani chikwama chanu kuti ena azitha kuyankha mwachangu.
Tsatirani wanu endocrinologist pafupipafupi ndikutsatira chithandizo chomwe mwalandira.
Osamamwa mowa, chifukwa zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.
Yesani kukhala ndi moyo wodekha komanso woyezedwa - chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, kupanga kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti tisapanikizike. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali pamavuto amatha kunyoza thanzi lawo malinga ndi mfundo yoti "sipadzakhalanso zoyipa", zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Onani pafupipafupi shuga yanu yamagazi ndi zida zosunthika (glucometer) - umu ndi momwe mungawerengere ngati thupi likuyendetsa katundu, kapena ngati mukufunikira kusintha momwe mankhwalawo alili. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa glucose kumathandiza kupewa zinthu zomwe zingawononge moyo monga hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic coma.
Khalani anzeru pantchito zolimbitsa thupi. Simuyenera kuyika zolemba zamasewera, chifukwa kupanga insulin sikusintha pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kumachitika mwachangu, ndipo misempha ya magazi imatha kutsika kukhala osachepera ovomerezeka. Mutha kuthana ndi izi pakudya chakudya chamafuta ochepa musanayambe makalasi, kapena kubaya insulin yocheperako ndi chakudya (ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin).
Osanyalanyaza katemera woletsa, cholinga chake ndikuteteza thupi ku matenda a chimfine ndi matenda a chibayo, chifukwa nthawi yamatendayi timapangika timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa ndipo timatulutsa insulin.

Insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba mwina ndi mahomoni otchuka kwambiri. Pafupifupi mwana aliyense wamsukulu amadziwa kuti ndi insulin yotsitsidwa, shuga ya m'magazi imachuluka ndipo mtundu woyamba wa shuga umachitika. Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin kungakhalenso chizindikiro choyambirira cha matenda ashuga, pamene kapamba ivomereza kuyamwa bwino kwa timadzi ndi minofu ngati kusowa kwake kokwanira, ndikuyamba kuibweretsa ngakhale yochulukirapo - uwu ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha matenda omwe amadza ndi kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi osiyana, ndipo zimatengera chifukwa chake:

Ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni, insulin mankhwala imayikidwa.
Ndi katulutsidwe kwambiri ka insulini komanso kuchepa kwa minyewa, mankhwalawa omwe amachepetsa kukokana ndi insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira: kuphwanya kupanga insulin mwa iko kokha si chiganizo, koma nthawi yoti mutembenukire kwa endocrinologist kuti mupeze thandizo loyenerera ndikusintha zizolowezi zanu kuti mukhale athanzi. Ndizosavomerezeka kudzilingalira nokha ndikumayesa mankhwala ndi mankhwalawa - dokotala amayenera kukupatsani mankhwala onse malinga ndi mbiri yakale yazachipatala ndi mawonekedwe a boma laumoyo.

Ntchito yogwira ntchito ya mahomoni

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin ndikubwezeretsanso zomwe zimasunga mphamvu. Katundu wachiwiri ndi:

Kuchepetsa kupanga mafuta acids,
Kukhazikitsa kwa mapuloteni,
Kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa glycogen,
Kupewa kuchepa kwa maselo amafuta,
Kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.

Insulin ndiyo imayendetsa magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndi kagayidwe kazinthu. Zikakhala zopanda ntchito, mphamvu zamagetsi zimachepa.

Zachilendo komanso zopatuka

Mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa mwana sufika 20 mkU / l - Ichi ndi chiwerengero chokwanira chololedwa, chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe chimapitilira ziwerengero zomwe zaperekedwa chimakhala ndi ngozi yathanzi. Chizindikiro chocheperako chimasinthasintha chizindikiro - 3 mkU / l. Ziwerengero zomwe zaperekedwa ndizofunika kwa ana ochepera zaka 12. M'magazi a ana okalamba, zovomerezeka zimachuluka. Kutalika kwambiri ndi 25 μU / L, ndipo kuchepera ndi 3 μU / L.

Mulingo wambiri

Zifukwa zomwe milingo ya insulin imakwezedwa:

Benign neoplasms kutulutsa kapamba,
Type 2 shuga
Opaleshoni yofuna kuchotsa pang'ono m'mimba kapena matumbo,
Zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwamanjenje,
Zowonongeka za mthupi,
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi.

Mulingo wotsika

Insulin imatsitsidwa mu milandu yotsatirayi:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Zakudya zambiri
Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera
Matenda opatsirana komanso otupa
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Kuyesedwa kwa Laborator kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Malinga ndi mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Momwe mungayendetsere shuga?

Akatswiri azindikira njira zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi.Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kuyesa kwa magazi
Kulekerera kwa glucose
Kuyeza kwa shuga
Kuyeza kwa glycemia.

Kuyeza kwa shuga kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chosinkhira (kuyesa kumachitika kunyumba) ndipo glucometer (kunyengerera imachitika kunyumba). Chofunikira: sizingatheke kuwerengetsa zenizeni malinga ndi njira yomwe mwawonetsera. Kuyeza kwa shuga ndikofunikira kokha ngati kupatuka kwapezeka pamwamba kapena pansi.

Zosiyanasiyana za insulin

Msika wamakono wamankhwala umayimiridwa ndi unyinji wa mankhwala omwe adasinthidwa. Malinga ndi nthawi yowonekera, pali:

Mankhwala ochita mwachangu (Actrapid NM, Insulrap SPP). Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umakhazikika pambuyo pa mphindi 30 pambuyo pa utsi, mphamvu yake imakhalapo kwa maola 8,
Mankhwala othandizira apakatikati (Monotard HM, Humulin N). Mphamvu yogwira imawonedwa pambuyo pa mphindi 60-180 pambuyo pa utsogoleri,
Mayankho okhalitsa (Ultratard HM). Kugwiritsa ntchito kukhazikika mkati mwa 28-36 maola

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa, mankhwala onse omwe amachepetsa insulini amagawidwa mchikhalidwe, monopic ndi monocomponent. Muubwana, omwewa amapatsidwa mankhwala monga akulu. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndi mlingo.

Mawu oyambira

Ndi madokotala okha omwe amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa ana. Umu ndi njira yokhayo yomwe simalola zolakwa. Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu amakonzedwe a mahoni:

Mu zaka 5 zoyambirira za moyo - zosaposa 0,5-0.6 u / kg thupi,
Pambuyo pazaka 5 - 1 unit / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi,
Muubwana - 2 mayunitsi / kg.

Mlingo wolimbikitsidwa siwokhazikika, umasinthidwa pakumwa mankhwala a insulin ndipo zimatengera zaka za mwana. Chofunikira ndi chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo komanso zomwe zimachitika mthupi.

Njira Zoyang'anira

Pofuna kudzinyenga, gwiritsani ntchito syringe yapadera, cholembera kapena pampu ya insulini. Njira yotsirizayi imakulolani kuti "mutumize" mlingo wa mahomoni m'thupi kudzera mu gawo lapadera. Kutuluka kwa insulin kumapitilira.Chipangizocho chili pa mwana ngakhale usiku, osayambitsa chisangalalo komanso kusasangalala.

Kukhazikika kwa insulin kudzera mu ma syringe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa mantha mwa ana. Makolo ayenera kuganizira mfundo imeneyi ndi kuthandiza mwana kuthana ndi nkhawa. Ndikoyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala njira yochepetsera ngozi ya mankhwala.