Mitundu yamafuta amakondedwe achilengedwe ndi udindo wawo m'thupi la munthu

Chikhansa ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza chakudya chamunthu. Ndiyewofalitsa wamkulu wa ma enzymes, popanda zomwezi ndizosatheka kugaya bwino mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Koma kutulutsidwa kwa madzi a pancreatic sikungokhala ndi zochita zake. Zida zapadera za gland ndi zisumbu za Langerhans, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ya endocrine, kubisa insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pypreatic polypeptide, gastrin ndi ghrelin. Ma hormone a pancreatic amakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe, kuphwanya kupanga kwawo kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda oopsa.

Pancreas endocrine

Maselo a pancreatic omwe amapanga zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu ma cell amatchedwa insulocytes. Amapezeka pazitsulo ndi masango - zilumba za Langerhans. Kuchuluka kwa zilumbazi ndi 2% yokha ya kulemera kwa chiwalocho. Mwapangidwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma insulocytes: alpha, beta, delta, PP ndi epsilon. Mtundu uliwonse wamaselo umatha kupanga ndi kubisa mtundu wina wa mahomoni.

Kodi ma kapamba amapanga mahomoni ati?

Mndandanda wamahomoni apancreatic ndiwowonjezereka. Zina zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, pomwe zomwe ena sanaphunzirepo zokwanira. Yoyamba ndi insulini, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati mahomoni ophunziridwa kwambiri. Oyimira zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito kwachilengedwe, omwe amaphunzira mosakwanira, amaphatikiza polypeptide ya pancreatic.

Maselo apadera (maselo a beta) a zisumbu za Langerhans za kapamba amapanga mahomoni a peptide otchedwa insulin. Kuwonekera kwa zochita za insulin ndikotakata, koma cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi. Zokhudza kagayidwe kazakudya zimazindikira chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa insulin:

• gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kwa shuga kulowa mu khungu mwakukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zimimba,
• amalimbikitsa kukoka kwa glucose kudzera m'maselo,
• yambitsa mapangidwe a glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu, yomwe ndiyo njira yayikulu yosungirako shuga.
• letsa njira ya glycogenolysis - kuwonongeka kwa glycogen ku glucose,
• ziletsa gluconeogeneis - kapangidwe ka shuga kuchokera pama protein ndi mafuta.

Koma osati kagayidwe kazakudya kokha ndi gawo lakugwiritsira ntchito mahomoni. Insulin imatha kukopa mapuloteni ndi mafuta metabolism kudzera:

• kukondoweza kwa kapangidwe ka triglycerides ndi mafuta acids,
• kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka glucose mu adipocytes (mafuta maselo),
• kutsegula kwa lipogenesis - kaphatikizidwe wamafuta a glucose,
• kuletsa kwa lipolysis - kuwonongeka kwa mafuta,
• kuletsa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni,
• kukulitsa kupezeka kwa khungu kwa ma amino acid,
• kukondoweza kwa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni.

Insulin imapereka minofu yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mphamvu yake ya anabolic imatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa depot ya mapuloteni ndi lipids mu cell ndikuwona gawo mu kayendetsedwe ka kukula ndi chitukuko. Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imakhudza kagayidwe kamchere wamadzi: imathandizira kudya kwa potaziyamu m'chiwindi ndi minofu, ndikuthandizira kusunga madzi m'thupi.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupangika ndi katulutsidwe wa insulin ndi kuwonjezeka kwaminyewa ya seramu. Mahomoni amathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa insulin synthesis:

• cholecystokinin,
• glucagon,
• shuga-wodalira insulinotropic polypeptide,
• estrogens
• corticotropin.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa maselo a beta kumabweretsa kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa insulini - matenda a shuga 1 amayamba. Kuphatikiza pa kudziwikiratu kwamtundu, matenda amtundu wamavuto, zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa, komanso zolakwika zazakudya zimathandizanso kupezeka kwamatenda amtunduwu. Kusagwirizana ndi insulin (chitetezo chochepa cha minyewa) chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.

Peptide yopangidwa ndi maselo a alpha a pancreatic islets amatchedwa glucagon. Zomwe zimakhudza thupi la munthu ndizosemphana ndi insulini ndipo zimachulukitsa shuga. Ntchito yayikulu ndikukhazikitsa glucose yokhazikika pakati pa chakudya, chochita ndi:

• kuphwanya kwa glycogen mu chiwindi mpaka glucose,
• kapangidwe ka shuga wama protein ndi mafuta,
• chopinga wa shuga oxidation njira,
• kukondoweza kwa kuchepa kwamafuta,
• mapangidwe a matupi a ketone kuchokera pamafuta acids m'maselo a chiwindi.

Glucagon imakulitsa contractility ya minofu ya mtima osakhudza chisangalalo chake. Zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezereka kwa kukakamizidwa, mphamvu ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Panthawi yovuta komanso nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, glucagon imathandizira kuti minofu ifike kumapeto kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuwongolera magazi awo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mtima.

Glucagon imapangitsa kutulutsa insulin. Pankhani ya kusowa kwa insulini, zomwe zimakhala ndi glucagon nthawi zonse zimachulukitsidwa.

Somatostatin

Hormone ya peptide somatostatin yopangidwa ndi maselo a delta a zisumbu za Langerhans imakhalapo mwa mitundu iwiri yogwira. Imalepheretsa kapangidwe ka mahomoni ambiri, ma neurotransmitters ndi ma peptides.

Hormone, peptide, enzyme amene kaphatikizidwe kake kamachepetsedwa

Gland Wapamwamba

Gastrin, secretin, pepsin, cholecystokinin, serotonin

Insulin, glucagon, veptidal peptide, pancreatic polypeptide, bicarbonates

Kukula kwa Insulin-1

Somatostatin, kuwonjezera, amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'matumbo, amachepetsa kubisalira kwa hydrochloric acid, gastric motility ndi secretion ya bile. Kuphatikizika kwa somatostatin kumachulukanso ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, amino acid ndi mafuta acids m'magazi.

Gastrin ndi mahomoni a peptide, kuwonjezera pa kapamba, amapangidwa ndi maselo am'mimba. Mwa kuchuluka kwa amino acid omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake, mitundu ingapo ya gastrin imasiyanitsidwa: gastrin-14, gastrin-17, gastrin-34. Zikondazo zimakonda kubisa. Gastrin imakhudzidwa ndi gawo logaya thupi ndipo imapangitsa kuti matumbo azikhala ndi:

• kuchuluka katulutsidwe wa hydrochloric acid,
• kukondoweza kwa kupanga kwa puloteni ya proteinolytic - pepsin,
• kuyambitsa kutulutsa mabicarbonate ndi ntchofu ndi kufinya kwamkati,
• kuchuluka kwam'mimba ndi matumbo,
• kukondoweza kwa katulutsidwe ka matumbo, mahomoni a pancreatic ndi ma enzymes,
• onjezerani magazi ndikuyambitsa kubwezeretsa kwa mucosa.

Imalimbikitsa kupanga gastrin, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chapamimba pakudya, zakudya zama protein, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, khofi, geptrin-yotulutsa peptide yotulutsidwa ndi mitsempha mu khoma la m'mimba. Mlingo wa gastrin ukuwonjezeka ndi Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (chotupa cha kapangidwe kake ka kapamba), kupsinjika, kumwa mankhwala osapweteka a antiidal.

Mlingo wa gastrin umatsimikizika pakuwunika koyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba ndi matenda a Addison-Birmer. Matendawa amatchedwanso kuti magazi m'thupi. Ndi iye, hematopoiesis ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa magazi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitsulo, zomwe ndizofala, koma chifukwa chosowa vitamini B12 ndi folic acid.

Ghrelin amapangidwa ndi ma pancreatic epsilon maselo ndi maselo apadera a mucosa. Hormayo imayambitsa njala. Amalumikizana ndi malo a ubongo, ndikulimbikitsa kubisala kwa neuropeptide Y, yomwe imayambitsa chidwi cholimbitsa. The kuchuluka kwa ghrelin asanadye kuchuluka, ndipo pambuyo - amachepetsa. Ntchito za ghrelin ndizosiyanasiyana:

• imapangitsa secretion ya kukula kwa mahomoni - kukula kwa mahomoni,
• timapitiriza kugwira ntchito mosamala ndikukonza chakudya chogaya,
• kumawonjezera contractility yam'mimba,
• imayang'anira ntchito zachinsinsi za kapamba,
• kuchuluka kwa shuga, lipids ndi cholesterol m'magazi,
• amaongolera thupi
• zimakulitsa chidwi cha kununkhira kwa zakudya.

Ghrelin amagwirizanitsa zofunikira zamthupi ndipo amatenga nawo gawo pazoyang'anira psyche: zovuta komanso zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kukumbukira, luso la kuphunzira, kugona ndi kugona. Magulu a Ghrelin amawonjezeka ndi njala, kuchepa thupi, zakudya zochepa za kalori komanso kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mtundu 2 matenda a shuga, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma ghrelin kumadziwika.

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide ndi mankhwala apangidwe a maselo a pancreatic PP. Ndizoyang'anira zamalamulo azakudya. Zochita za pancreatic polypeptide pakugaya ndi motere:

• chimalepheretsa exocrine pancreatic ntchito,
• amachepetsa kupanga ma enzyme a kapamba,
• Imafooketsa mphamvu ya ndulu,
• amalepheretsa gluconeogenesis m'chiwindi,
• kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mucous nembanemba wa m'mimba yaying'ono.

Kubisala kwa pancreatic polypeptide kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zakudya zama protein ambiri, kusala, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kutsika kwakuthwa kwa shuga m'magazi. Somatostatin ndi shuga amawongolera kudzera mu mtima amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa polypeptide yomwe imatulutsidwa.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwabwino kwa thupi kumafunikira mgwirizano wogwirizana wa ziwalo zonse za endocrine. Matenda obadwa nawo komanso otengera kapamba amachititsa kuti khungu lizisokoneza. Kuzindikira udindo wawo munthawi yamalamulo a neurohumoral kumathandiza kuthana bwino ndi ntchito zodziwitsa komanso kuthandizira.

Tikukupatsani kuti muwone kanema pamutu wankhani.

Vaso-Interior Peptide

Kuphatikiza pa maselo a pancreatic, timadzi tambiri tamkazi (VIP) timapangidwa mucous membrane wamatumbo ang'ono ndi ubongo (ubongo ndi msana). Ndizinthu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku gulu la secretin. Pali VIP yaying'ono m'magazi, kudya pafupifupi sikusintha mulingo wake. Timadzi timene timayendetsa ntchito m'magazi ndipo zimawakhudza:

• Amasintha magazi m'magazi a matumbo,
• imaletsa kupanga ha hydrochloric acid ndi maselo a parietal,
• imayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa pepsinogen ndi maselo apamimba kwambiri,
• kumawonjezera kapangidwe ka michere ya kapamba,
• amamukulitsa katulutsidwe bile
• imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa madzi mu lumen yaing'ono,
• imakhala ndi kupumula kwamatumbo a m'munsi m'mphepete mwa sphincter, ndikupanga mapangidwe a Reflux esophagitis,
• imathandizira mapangidwe a mahomoni akuluakulu a kapamba - insulin, glucagon, somatostatin.

Lipocaine, kallikrein, vagotonin

Lipocaine amateteza kagayidwe ka lipid mu minofu ya chiwindi, kutsekereza kuwoneka kwa mafuta mkati mwake. Limagwirira zake zochita zachokera kutsegula kwa phospholipid metabolism ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni acids, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ena a lipotropic - methionine, choline.

Kallikrein amapangika m'maselo a pancreatic, koma kutembenuka kwa enzyme iyi kukhala boma lotseguka kumachitika mu lumen ya duodenum. Pambuyo pake, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake:

• antihypertensive (kutsitsa magazi),
• hypoglycemic.

Vagotonin imatha kukhudza hematopoiesis, imakhala yokhazikika pamtunda wa glycemia.

Centropnein ndi gastrin

Centropnein - chida chothandiza polimbana ndi hypoxia:

• ingathandize kuthamangitsa kaphatikizidwe ka oxyhemoglobin (kuphatikiza kwa oxygen ndi hemoglobin),
• amakulitsa mdawo wa bronchi,
• imasangalatsa pakati.

Gastrin, kuwonjezera pa kapamba, imatha kutulutsidwa ndi maselo am'mimba. Ndi imodzi mwama mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amafunikira kuti pakhale chimbudzi. Amatha:

• onjezerani katulutsidwe ka madzi am'mimba,
• yambitsa kupanga pepsin (enzyme yomwe imaphwanya mapuloteni),
• kupanga zambiri zokulirapo ndikuwonjezera katulutsidwe kazinthu zina zama cell zomwe zimagwira ntchito (somatostatin, secretin).

Kufunika kwa Ntchito za Hormone

Membala Wofanana wa RAS Pulofesa E.S. Severin adaphunzira sayansi ya zamankhwala, mapangidwe olimbitsa thupi ndi pharmacology a machitidwe omwe amapezeka mu ziwalo mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zamafuta olimbitsa thupi. Adatha kukhazikitsa chilengedwe ndikutchula mahomoni awiri a adrenal cortex (adrenaline ndi norepinephrine) ogwirizana ndi metabolism yamafuta. Zinawululidwa kuti atha kutenga nawo gawo pa lipolysis, ndikupangitsa hyperglycemia.

Kuphatikiza pa kapamba, mahomoni amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zina. Kufunika kwawo kwa thupi la munthu kufananizidwa ndi zakudya ndi mpweya chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa:

• pakukula ndi kukonzanso kwa maselo ndi minofu,
• Kusinthanitsa mphamvu ndi kagayidwe,
• malamulo a glycemia, yaying'ono ndi macrocell.

Kuchepa kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu zilizonse zamahomoni kumayambitsa matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kusiyanitsa komanso ovuta kuwachiritsa. Ma hormone a pancreatic amatenga gawo lalikulu mu zochitika za thupi, chifukwa amalamulira pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zofunika.

Maphunziro a labotale kapamba

Kuti mumvetse bwino za ziphuphu, magazi, mkodzo ndi ndowe zimayesedwa:

• mayeso azachipatala ambiri,
• magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga
• biochemical kusanthula kutsimikiza kwa amylase - enzyme yomwe imagwetsa chakudya.

Ngati ndi kotheka, tsimikizani:

• Zizindikiro za ntchito ya chiwindi (bilirubin, transaminases, protein ndi zigawo zake), phosphatase ya alkal,
• mulingo wa cholesterol
• chopondapo chopondapo
• ngati chotupa chikukayikiridwa, antigen khansa.

Kulongosola kwatsatanetsatane kwa matendawa kumachitika pambuyo polandila kuyesedwa kwa magwiridwe antchito mpaka pakubisika kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zili mumahomoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa magazi kumatha kulembedwera, omwe alandira mayankho abwino aukatswiri. Ndikuphunzira koyezetsa magazi kuti asalole zinthu zomwe zimapezeka tsiku lililonse, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa, komanso kugaya chakudya m'mimba.

Mitundu yambiri yamaphunzirayi imakupatsani mwayi wofufuza komanso kupereka chithandizo chokwanira.

Matenda obwera chifukwa chopuwala ntchito

Kuphwanya kwa endocrine ntchito ya kapamba kumakhala chifukwa cha matenda ambiri ophatikizana.

Ndi hypofunction ya gland yokhudzana ndi kupanga insulin, matenda a insulin omwe amadalira shuga (mtundu woyamba) amapangidwa, glucosuria, polyuria imachitika. Ichi ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafuna nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito insulin mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuyeserera kwa magazi kwa shuga ndikudziyimira payekha kukonzekera kwa insulin. Lero ndi lochokera ku nyama (chifukwa cha kufananira kwazomwe zimapangidwira, insulin ya nkhumba imakonzedwa mwaluso - zowonjezera zathupi), insulin ya anthu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Amabayidwa pang'onopang'ono, wodwalayo amagwiritsa ntchito syringe yapadera, yomwe ndi yabwino kumwa mankhwalawo. Odwala atha kulandira mankhwalawo kwaulere monga momwe akufotokozera ndi endocrinologist. Adzathandizanso kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zolakwika m'zakudya ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma insulin omwe amayenera kuperekedwa munthawi iliyonse, mumuphunzitse kugwiritsa ntchito gome lapadera lomwe likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Ndi kupanikizika kwapachibale:

• kusowa kwa magazi
• kunenepa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana.

Mwa mkazi, chomwe chimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa mahomoni chimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kulera.

Ngati pali vuto linalake mu glucagon mu thupi, pamakhala chiopsezo chotupa chotupa.

Ndi wopanda somatostatin, mwana amakula kwakanthawi (kufalikira). Kukula kwa gigantism kumalumikizidwa ndi kupanga kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa mahomoni (kukula kwa mahomoni) muubwana. Muzochitika izi, wamkulu amawoneka ngati acomegaly - kukula kwambiri kwa ziwalo zomaliza za thupi: manja, miyendo, makutu, mphuno.

Zambiri za VIP mthupi zimayambitsa kugaya matenda: kutsegula m'mimba, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi kwa matumbo.

Ndi chitupa cha njoka - monga chotupa cha zida za zisumbu za Langerhans chikhoza kutchedwa - kubisala kwa VIP kumawonjezeka kwambiri, matenda a Werner-Morrison amakula. Chithunzi cha chipatala chimafanana ndi matenda am'mimba owopsa:

• pafupipafupi madzi okwanira
• kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa potaziyamu,
• achlorhydria.

Madzi ambiri ndi ma electrolyte amatayika, kuchepa kwamadzi m'thupi kumachitika, kufooka kumachitika, kupweteka kumawonekera. Nthawi zopitilira 50%, njoka zimakhala ndi vuto loipa lomwe limayambitsa matenda osavomerezeka. Mankhwalawa amangopanga opaleshoni yokha. Mu International Classization of Diseases ICD-10, njoka zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo la endocrinology (e 16.8).

Mwa munthu, kuchuluka kwa VIP kumatsimikiziridwa pa nthawi ya erection. Jekeseni yachilendo ya VIP nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukanika kwa mitsempha, matenda ashuga komanso psychogenic.

Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa gastrin kumabweretsa kuti m'mimba mumayamba kupweteka, ndipo zilonda zam'mimba za duodenum ndi m'mimba zimayamba.

Kupatuka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mu kapangidwe kazinthu zamafuta ka kapamba kumatha kusokoneza zochita za thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukumbukira zokhudzana ndi ntchito za chiwalo, khalani ndi moyo wathanzi, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa ndikusunga kapamba momwe mungathere.

Zopangidwe mwadongosolo

Kanyama kapamba ndiye chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri chokhudzana ndi chakudya cham'mimba, kuphatikiza apo, ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri m'thupi la munthu.

Thupi lake laimaso lofiirira limasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osinthika ndipo lili kuseri kwam'mimba, komanso moyandikana ndi duodenum 12. Mwa munthu wamkulu, kutalika kwa chimbudzi ndi 13-16 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mungakhale kuchokera 3 mpaka 9 cm.Mulemu, umasiyananso, motero misa imasiyana 65 mpaka 80 g.

Poyerekeza ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, kapamba amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake, kotero:

Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake ali ofanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a alveolar-tubular, momwe muli:

• Mitsempha.
• Zotengera.
• Mitsempha yamitsempha (ganglia).
• Ma Lamellar mapangidwe.
• Makina okumbika amakhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, kwa kapamba amatha kubisalira katulutsidwe, komanso kuthekera kwa kupanga mahomoni.

Ntchito zazikulu

Iron imagawidwa m'magawo awiri, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yake:

Exocrine - dongosolo lovuta lopangidwa ndi ma ducts amtunduwu omwe amalowa mu duodenum. Chimakhala pafupifupi kudera lonse la chithaphwi (96%), ndipo ntchito yake yopanga ndi kutulutsa timadzi tam'mimba (timadziti), tomwe timakhala ndi ma enzymes ofunikira, popanda zomwe sizingatheke kugaya chakudya chomwe chikubwera, mwachitsanzo:

Pogwirizana ndi gawo la endocrine, limakhala ndi zisumbu za kapamba, zomwe zimatchedwa "zisumbu za Langerhans." Maselo a Endocrine amasiyana kwambiri ndi maselo ena amthupi la munthu pamachitidwe awo a physicochemical ndi morphological.

Pazilumba izi, magawidwe ofanana ndi mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri amachitika, popanda zomwe sizotheka kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi:

Komabe, izi sizokhazo zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma endocrine kapamba. Maselo ake amatulutsa mahomoni otsatirawa, omwe ndi osafunikira kwenikweni kwa thupi lonse:

Maselo akuluakulu am'misika yokhala ndi mabulangete (ma insulinocyte) ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera magawo ake, mwachitsanzo:

• Ma cell a Alpha - ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale shuga.
• Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulin.
• Maselo a Delta - atulutse somatostatin.
• Maselo a PP - aphatikize pancreatic polypeptide.

Ndikofunikanso kutchulanso mahomoni ofunikira monga c-peptide, omwe amagwira nawo ntchito zama metabolism, komanso kukhala gawo la molekyu ya insulin.

Zikondwererozi zimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:

1. Kupanga kwamadzimadzi mafuta.
2. Kuwononga kwa chakudya chomwe chikubwera.
3. Kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi amwazi mothandizidwa ndi insulin ndi glucagon.

Chifukwa chake, ndimatumbo otani omwe amapanga, ndipo kupezeka kwawo kumakhudza bwanji thanzi la thupi? Tiyenera kunena kuti mahomoni onse a pancreatic amagwira ntchito yokhayo yomwe akufuna. Zomwe zimachitika pakati paumoyo wa anthu zimadalira momwe zimachitikira.

Ma mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri a ndulu ndi ntchito zawo

Zili ndi polypeptides ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pancreatic mahomoni ndi chinthu chokhacho cha mtundu wake chomwe chitha kuchepetsa magazi. Kasitomala amalandila timadzi ta insulin kuchokera ku proinsulin mwa kupukusa c-peptide.

Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi ma amino acid awiri omwe amalumikizidwa ndi milatho yama mankhwala. Insulin imawonedwa pafupifupi chilichonse chamoyo, imapezekanso mu zolengedwa zotsika ngati amoeba. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi apeza kuti insulini mu akalulu ndi nkhumba imafanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimapezeka m'thupi la munthu.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ntchito yayikulu ya insulini ndikuwongolera galu m'magazi ndi njira yogawanika ndikulowa pambuyo pake m'ziwalo ndi ziwalo za munthu. Funso ndilakuti, kapamba amatulutsa zochuluka motani? Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pafupifupi mamilimita awiri a insulin amapangidwa tsiku lililonse. Kuphatikizika kwake kwabwinobwino m'madzi amadzimadzi ndi 6-24 mcU / ml.

Insulin imathandizira minofu ya thupi ndi mafuta kulowa m'magazi mu nthawi ndikuisintha kukhala glucagon munthawi yake, yomwe imadzakhazikika m'chiwindi ndi minofu. Panthawi yakusowa kwa glucose, yomwe imakonda kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, glycogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira za thupi.

Insulin imalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa glucose m'chiwindi, komanso imalepheretsa kukula kwa zochitika monga glyconeogeneis ndi glycogenolysis. Homoni wa insulin amachepetsa kuchepa kwa mafuta ndi mapangidwe a matupi a ketone.

Hormoni iyi ilinso polypeptide, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi unyolo umodzi wa ma amino acid. Ponena za maudindo ake pantchito, ndizosiyana kwathunthu ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi insulin.

Cholinga cha glucagon ndikuthandizira thupi kugwetsa ma lipids m'maselo amafuta. Ntchito yake yachiwiri ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwa glucose m'magazi, omwe amapangidwa m'chiwindi. Mtengo wabwinobwino wama glucose ndi 30-120 pg / ml.

Glucagon ndi insulin amawongolera ndikukhala ndi shuga wamagazi okhazikika, potero amateteza thupi la munthu ku kuchuluka kwake. Glucagon amalimbikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi aimpso, kukonza magawo a cholesterol, kumawonjezera mphamvu ya chiwindi chodzikonzera. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa sodium m'thupi, potero imachepetsa mwayi wa zonyansa zosafunikira monga kutupa kwa minofu.

Malangizo olakwika a timadzi timeneti amakhumudwitsa matenda omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri, monga glucagonoma.

Ngati vuto la m'thupi la mayi

Ma hormone a pancreatic ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zonse zamahoridwe, kotero kupatuka pang'ono muzochitika zawo, mpaka zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, zimatha kupangitsa kukhazikika kwa ma pathologies.

Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni a pancreatic kumatha kuyambitsa:

• Hyperglycemia ndi kupezeka kwambiri kwa insulin.
• Pancreatic zotupa ndi glucagon wowonjezera.

Ndikothekanso kuzindikira kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa zonyansa pakupanga ma pancreatic mahomoni pokhapokha ataonedwa ndi katswiri komanso kuperekera magazi munthawi yovomerezeka. Matendawa alibe zizindikiro zilizonse, koma yesani kutsata kuchuluka kwa momwe thupi lanu limachitikira monga mwachizolowezi:

1. Pakamwa pakamwa ndi ludzu lalikulu.
2. Kukodza pafupipafupi.
3. Kulakalaka kudya kapena kumangokhala ndi njala.
4. Sinthani mumachitidwe owoneka.

Monga mukuwonera, gawo la mahomoni pancreatic kuti ligwire ntchito bwino m'thupi la munthu ndilofunikira kwambiri, ndipo pakakhala kusokonezeka kaphatikizidwe kawo, mapangidwe awo akuluakulu amayamba, omwe pakati pawo pali matenda ashuga (shuga mellitus).

Pomaliza

Masiku ano pali umboni wamphamvu wosonyeza kuti mahomoni onse opangidwa ndi kapamba ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti thupi lonse likhale bwino. Chifukwa chake, amafunikira kuwongolera, popeza kuphwanya pang'ono mu kuchuluka kwawo komanso kaphatikizidwe kamawonekera ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kutsatira moyo wathanzi komanso zakudya zabwino.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ya amonke pochizira kapamba

Mudzadabwa momwe matendawa amachepera msanga. Samalani kapamba! Anthu opitilira 10,000 awona kusintha kwakukulu paumoyo wawo pakumwa m'mawa ...

Kodi pseudocyst wa kapamba ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwalawo

Madokotala amagogomezera kuti si maphunziro aliwonse omwe amabweretsa chiwopsezo kwa wodwala, koma amafunika kuwachiritsa, ngakhale omwe samasautsa konse. Kupatula apo, kukhalapo kwa pseudo-cysts ndi bomba nthawi

Zizindikiro ndi zoyambitsa matenda a kapamba ndi tiziromboti ndi kuchotsedwa kwa thupi

Ngati simutembenukira kwa katswiri pakanthawi ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kupanikizika kwa chifuwa, chifuwa, magazi, mitsempha yodwala, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina ndi kuledzera kwambiri kwa thupi

Kodi pancreatic steatosis ndi yoopsa bwanji?

Akatswiri sagwirizana chimodzi pamaganizidwe awo, steatosis ndi matenda amoyo wonse, kotero kuyembekeza chitsitsimutso chokwanira cha gland ndikosatheka. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chamankhwala chimalimbikitsa kuti achedwetse

Zimayambitsa mapangidwe a polyps mu kapamba ndi njira zochizira

Ndi kuwunikira kwakanthawi kachipatala komanso kulandira chithandizo kwakanthawi koyamba m'magawo awo, izi zimachiritsidwa kwathunthu, popanda zovuta komanso zovuta zina.

Mapangidwe ndi ntchito

Chikhansa ndichinthu chogaya, motero ndikofunikira kudziwa kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito zake. Mutu ndiye malo okula kwambiri, ozunguliridwa ndi minyewa ya duodenum 12. Thupi la kapamba limakhala ndi nkhope zakunja, zamphongo, nkhope zakumunsi. Mchira wokweza umayendetsedwa kutsogolo chakumanzere. Kutalika kwa limba kumayambira 16 mpaka 23 cm.

Minyewa ya kapamba imachita zinthu ziwiri zothandizira thupi:

1. Ntchito yakunja (exocrine) - ndi yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsa madzi am'mimba. Derali limapangidwa ndi mgwirizano wamaselo mu zilumba za Langerhans, pomwe zinthu zazikulu za mahomoni zimamasulidwa.
2. Cholinga chamkati (endocrine) - chimadziwika ndi ntchito ya mahomoni ofunikira m'thupi, amatenga nawo mbali popanga mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni.

Chofunikira ndichakuti kapamba amatulutsa mahomoni. Ma hormone a pancreatic ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale kupangika, kupatsa mphamvu, komanso kuyendetsa shuga kudzera ziwalo.

Chizindikiro cha mahomoni apancreatic

Ma hormone a pancreatic amawonedwa ngati gawo la thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe ma kancisi amapanga, kapangidwe kake, mphamvu ya minofu ndi ziwalo.

Horoni ya pancreatic, insulin, imatenga nawo gawo lonse lathupi. Ntchito yake yofunika ndicholinga chotsitsa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimachitika ndikuyambitsa zochitika zamagulu azakumwa za shuga, mayamwidwe ake ndi minofu ndi minyewa. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni a pancreatic amawongolera kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta.

Magwiridwe a insulin aperekedwa:

• kapangidwe ka lipocaine. Amayang'anira kutsekeka ndi kutembenuka kwa hepatocytes,
• kutsegula kwa kusintha kwa chakudya mu mafuta, pambuyo pake.
• kusintha monosaccharides m'magazi,
• Kusintha glucose kukhala mafuta ndikuisunga m'thupi,
• kuchuluka kwa ma tetracyclines.

Ngati ndizosatheka kuti kapamba athe kuthana ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu, vuto lina limachitika pa mahomoni. Ndi kuperewera kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin, njira yosasintha imachitika. Kutsika kwa katulutsidwe ka insulin kumayambitsa matenda ashuga. Ndi nthendayi, ndolo ya shuga imakwera pamwamba pa 10 mmol / L, yomwe imayambitsa kutuluka kwa mkodzo, ndikulowetsa mamolekyulu am'madzi, omwe amayamba kutuluka madzi ambiri, madzi am'mimba.

Pankhani yopanga insulin kwambiri, shuga amawonjezeka, shuga amachepetsa, adrenaline imadzuka.
Limagwirira ntchito ikuchitika zotsatirazi:

1. Insulini imathandizira kuti shuga isamasanduke.
2. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika ndi ma cell.
3. Imayambitsa ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amathandizira glycolysis, omwe ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni a mamolekyulu a shuga ndikupanga 2 mamolekyulu a pyruvic acid kuchokera pamenepo.
4. Imathandizira kukulitsa kwamitsempha yama cell.
5. Imawonjezera zinthu zama glucose monga glycogen, yomwe imayikidwa mu minofu ya minofu ndi chiwindi ndikutenga gawo la glucose-6-phosphate.
6. Kuchita kwa insulin kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa glucagon, komwe kumakhala ndi vuto la insulin.

Gawo lalikulu la kapangidwe ka glucogon ndi maselo a zida za alpha chilumba cha kapamba. Poterepa, mapangidwe a glucagon ochulukirapo amawonekera m'malo ena am'mimba ndi matumbo.

Glucagon ndi mdani wa insulin pochita.

Glucagon amalimbikitsa kutsegula kwa glycogenolysis, kusungidwa kwa glycogen synthase mu chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe glycogen-1-phosphate glycogen imamasulidwa, yomwe imasandulika 6 phosphate. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi glucose-6-fostofatase, shuga waulere amapangidwa, yemwe amatha kutuluka mu cell kupita m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, mahomoni amathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose chifukwa cholimbikitsa chiwindi ndi chiwindi, chimateteza chiwindi kuti chichepetse shuga, komanso zimathandizira pakupanga shuga wofunikira pantchito yachilengedwe. Glucagon imathandizira kuwonjezera magazi mu impso, kutsitsa cholesterol, imathandizira kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha mahomoni, lipids ya minofu ya adipose imaswanso.

Polypeptide

Kumangiriza kwake kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Momwe ma polypeptide amathandizira pa metabolic phenomena sanadziwikebe. Pamene polypeptide imayendetsedwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a thupi, imayamba kubwezeretsanso zochita za kapamba, kukankhira zipatso zamadzi m'mimba.

Pakuphwanya kapangidwe ka thupi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, chinsinsi chomwecho mu nthawi yoyenera sichingachitike.

Gastrin imathandizira kupanga haidrojeni chloride, imawonjezera zokolola zam'madzi za m'mimba ndi maselo akuluakulu a chiwalo, imapanga ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya mabicorbates ndi ntchofu mu mucosa wa m'mimba, chifukwa chotsatira chomwe membrane wa membala amathandizira chifukwa cha zovuta za pepsin ndi hydrochloric acid.

Mahomoniwa amachedwetsa ntchito yotulutsa m'mimba. Izi zimapereka kutalika kwa mphamvu ya pepsin ndi asidi pa chyme chofunikira pa chakudya cham'mimba. Ndipo amatha kuwongolera machitidwe a kusinthana kwa chakudya chamafuta, chifukwa chake, amathandizira kupanga ma peptide ndi mahomoni ena.

Zinthu zina zogwira ntchito

Ma mahomoni ena apachifwamba apezeka.

1. Lipocaine - amatha kuchititsa kuti pakhale mafuta komanso makulidwe amtundu wa aliphatic monobasic carboxylic acid, amateteza chiwindi ku steatosis.
2. Centropnein - imakhudza mosangalatsa malo apakati a ubongo, amathandizira kupumula kwa minofu ya bronchial.
3. Vagotonin - imawonjezera ntchito ya nyini,

Kodi mankhwalawa ndi mahomoni a pancreatic

Zofunikira zimayesedwa ngati mankhwala a insulin, omwe amapangidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana azamankhwala. Mankhwala a pancreatic amasiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro.

Mwa chiyambi, mankhwalawa ndi:

• mankhwala achilengedwe - Actrapid, Monotard MC, tepi ya Insulin GPP,
• kapangidwe - Homofan, Humulin.

Mwa kuthamanga, nthawi yayitali:

• Kuthamanga ndi kwakanthawi, mankhwala amawonetsa mphamvu zawo pakatha ola limodzi pambuyo pa kuperekedwa, mankhwalawa ali pafupifupi maola 8 - Insuman mwachangu, Actrapid,
• pafupifupi nthawi ya kukopa, akuwonekera patatha maola 2 atagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa mpaka tsiku - Tepi la Humulin, Monotard MC
• pafupifupi nthawi yayitali ya insulin ndi kufupikitsika, kuyambika kwa theka la ola - Actrafan HM.

Ma mahormoni ndi ofunikira pakuwongolera kayendetsedwe kazomwe thupi limachita, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa kapangidwe ka chiwalo, chomwe ma pancreatic mahomoni amakhala ndi ntchito zawo.

Ma pathologies okhudzana ndi njira yogaya chakudya amawoneka, dokotala amakulemberani mankhwala othandizira. Mayankho a dokotala pancreatitis athandizira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso momwe angachiritsire.