Kuwunika kwa liplesterol lipid

Aliyense wa ife anayeza mayeso a magazi a cholesterol (mbiri ya lipid, mawonekedwe a lipid). Aliyense amadziwa kuti cholesterol yapamwamba ndiyoyipa kwambiri. Kodi zili choncho? Tilankhulanso zikhalidwe za lipid pazofunikira ndikuwunika pakuwunikaku.

Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali, pitani kukayezetsanso magazi kwa cholesterol.

Cholesterol ndi cholinga chake

Cholesterol ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'thupi. Zimatenga gawo mu kapangidwe ka timadzi ta bile ndi kugonana ndipo timayambitsa kutanuka ndi kuuma kwa ma membrane a maselo. Zinthu zambiri zimapangidwa m'chiwindi. Zocheperako - zolowa ndi chakudya.

Pali mitundu iwiri: lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri (LDL) ndi lipoproteins yapamwamba (HDL). Gawo lolakwika la zinthu izi, komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokwanira, kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto a mtima. Komabe, cholesterol imagwira gawo lofunikira mu cellular metabolism, kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo ndikupereka ma antioxidants m'thupi.
Ganizirani mitundu ya cholesterol mwatsatanetsatane.

LDL - imaganiziridwa kuti "cholesterol yoyipa", koma machitidwe osavomerezeka azinthu zomwe zimakhala m'thupi zimakokedwa. Chifukwa chake, chigawochi chimatha kuwononga poizoni. Koma mwakuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zomwe zilimo, amatha kupanga zigawo za sclerotic.

HDL imadziwika kuti ndi "cholesterol yabwino" chifukwa chakuchepa kwa cholesterol plaques.

Cholinga cha LDL ndikubwerera kwa cholesterol kuchokera kumadera akutali a thupi kupita kuchiwindi kuti akonzekere. Kufunika kwakukulu kwazinthu pakusinthana ndi vitamini D ndi kapangidwe ka mahomoni.
Triglycerides monga zigawo zokhala otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins (VLDL) amatenga nawo gawo pokhapokha mapangidwe a cholesterol.

Cholesterol ndi imodzi mwazigawo zazikulu zama metabolism.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol kumatchedwa mbiri ya lipid. Zimapangitsa kuzindikira matenda otsatirawa:

• atherosulinosis
• matenda a mtima
• aimpso ndi chiwindi ntchito.
• Matenda a chithokomiro,
• matenda ashuga
• kunenepa.

Akatswiri amalangizira nthawi ndi nthawi kuyezetsa magazi a cholesterol kwa anthu athanzi kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe angakwanitse ndikupanga zakudya. Maphunziro akuyenera kuchitika osati pa cholesterol yonse, komanso pamlingo wa mitundu iliyonse payokha. Kuyerekeza mitundu itatu ya cholesterol kumapereka chithunzi chonse cha thanzi la munthu.

Popeza talandira zotsatira za mbiri ya lipid, munthu sayenera kuyesa kudziyimitsa payokha. Kalata yantchito ili ndi chidziwitso kuti zikhalidwe za zizindikiro zimadalira njira yofufuzira. Chifukwa chake, ndi akatswiri okhawo omwe amatha kuwunika zotsatirazo.

Ngati cholesterol imakwezedwa

Kuwonjezeka kwa chisonyezo kukuwonetsa kuchitika kwa mavuto:

1. Matenda a mtima
2. Atherosulinosis,
3. Impso ndi chiwindi
4. Matenda a shuga
5. Matenda a pancreatic,
6. Njira yotupa yoyipa.

Mu okalamba (zaka 85), kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumatha kukwezedwa. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimalepheretsa khansa kukula.

Ngati cholesterol yotsika

Popeza mafuta a cholesterol amafunikira kagayidwe kabwinobwino, kutsika kwake kumakhudzanso thanzi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypocholesterolemia (kutsitsa cholesterol m'mwazi) ndizamadya kwambiri, kusuta, komanso kupsinjika pafupipafupi.

Cholesterol m'magazi angasonyeze:

• matenda opatsirana
• kuchuluka chithokomiro,
• zosokoneza mu ntchito ya mtima.

Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwikiratu womwe umapezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, osati kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho, koma kuchuluka kwa LDL ku HDL ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Mumamvetsetsa kale kuti kupezeka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" (LDL) kumabweretsa mavuto mu mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo "zabwino" (HDL) ndizofunikira pakulimbitsa kwachilengedwe.

Kukonzekera ndi zofunika kuchititsa kafukufuku kuti adziwe cholesterol

Akufuna kupereka magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Maphunziro otere amachitika ndi aliyense wogwira ntchito. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika kwambiri, muyenera kukonzekera:

1. Pereka magazi "pamimba yopanda kanthu." Chakudya chotsiriza chimayenera kukhala osachepera maola 10 njira isanachitike. Koma simuyenera kufa ndi njala kwa maola opitilira 14.
2. Muzipewa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta masiku awiri isanachitike phunzirolo. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri.
3. Pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa tsiku lisanaperekedwe magazi.
4. Muchepetse kusuta musanayesedwe (maola ochepa).
5. Osamamwa zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi 6 maola phunzirolo lisanachitike.
6. Ngati pali ludzu lalikulu, wodwalayo amaloledwa kumwa kapu ya madzi patsiku loti lisanthule.
7. Hafu ya ola limodzi asanapereke magazi, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala pansi kapena kugona, makamaka ngati asanayang'anitsidwe adayenda mwachangu kapena kukwera masitepe.
8. Musanapereke magazi, sikulimbikitsidwa kuchita radiology.
9. Mankhwala ena amatha kukhudzana ndi cholesterol ya magazi anu, chifukwa chake muyenera kuuza dokotala za mankhwala anu. Musanapange mayeso a magazi a cholesterol, ndikofunikira kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa zomwe zili za lipids.

Kusamba sikukhudza cholesterol. Chifukwa chake, azimayi amatha kupereka magazi panthawi yomwe akusamba.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti odwala amakonzedweratu kupweteka komanso kusapeza bwino panthawi ya magazi. Anthu otere amalangizidwa kuti asayang'anire ndondomeko ya magazi, koma kuti atembenukire ndikuganiza za chinthu chosangalatsa.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, muyenera kukhala pang'ono, kenako ndikupita mu mpweya wabwino.

Mutha kupeza zotsatira za kusanthula tsiku lotsatira.

Mankhwala amagulitsa mayeso apadera kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kunyumba. Komabe, zotsatira za kafukufuku wotere sizodalirika zokwanira.

Kuwerenga lipidogram

Chifukwa chake, mumakhala ndi zotsatira za kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol ndipo mumawona zotsatira za zingapo.

• cholesterol yathunthu
• lipoproteins okwera komanso otsika,
• triglycerides (TG),
• index ya atherogenic (kapena CA - coheroffhero ya atherogenic).

Chizindikiro chodabwitsa cha cholesterol yathunthu (cholesterol yathunthu) ndicho chithunzi - pansi pa 5 mmol / l. Koma ngati mwakumana ndi vuto la mtima, matenda opha ziwalo (stroke), akudwala matenda amitsempha yamagazi, matenda a angina pectoris, matenda a shuga, kuphatikiza ndi lameness, ndiye kuti cholesterol yokwanira iyenera kukhala pansi pa 4.0 mmol / l, ndipo LDL iyenera kukhala yochepera 1.8 mmol / l.

HDL iyenera kukhala yokwera kwambiri kuti index ya atherogenic ikhale yapamwamba kuposa itatu (HDL - kuchokera ku 0.70 mpaka 1.73 mmol / L).

Kuwonjezeka kwa LDL kumawonetsa atherogenic pathology, yomwe imawonetsa kuwoneka kwa atherosulinosis. Kutsika kwa chisonyezero kukuwonetsera kachigawo kakang'ono ka anti-atherogenic, kamene kamachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis.

Chikhalidwe cha HDL: kwa amuna - 0.72 - 1.63 mmol / l, kwa akazi 0.86-2.28 mmol / l. Ngati HDL ndi LDL ndizabwinobwino, mitsempha yamagazi imayamba pang'ono pang'ono. Koma ngati LDL ndi yokwera kuposa yachibadwa, ndipo HDL yotsika kuposa masiku onse, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti atherosulinosis ikupita patsogolo mthupi.

Triglycerides ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amalowa mthupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya. Kuphatikizika kwawo kumachitika m'maselo a adipose minofu, ndipo kenako m'chiwindi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides kukuwonetsa mavuto otsatirawa:

• matenda ashuga
• kapamba
• hypothyroidism
• matenda a chiwindi
• kunenepa
• kulephera kwa aimpso.

Triglycerides imatha kuwonjezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera za mahomoni komanso nthawi yapakati.

Kutsika kwa triglycerides kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma pathologies otsatirawa:

• kuchepa kwa michere
• matenda a impso
• kuvulala ndikuwotcha
• vuto la mtima
• matenda a m'mapapo
• hyperteriosis.

Kudya kwambiri vitamini C kumathandiza kuchepetsa triglycerides.

Mlingo wa index of atherogenicity ungasiyane kutengera zaka za phunzirolo. Kwa ana, muyezo ungakhale wa 1-1, kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40-3,5,5, kwa ana azaka zapakati, cholembera chimakhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 3. Ngati index ya atherogenic imaposa 3, izi zikuwonetsa kuti chiwopsezo chitukuko cha atherosulinosis ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mlozo wa atherogenic mpaka magawo 8-8 ndikofunikira ndipo kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol (mbiri ya lipid) kumatha kukufotokozerani zambiri zokhudza thanzi lanu. Ndikofunika kupatsirana moyenera komanso kuti musadziwitse nokha zotsatira za lipidogram. Aloleni adotolo achite izo!

Kodi kuyesedwa kwa lipid kwamwazi ndi liti?

Mbiri ya lipid imayesedwa kuti iyese mkhalidwe wa lipid metabolism. Kusanthula uku kumachitika kuti mudziwe matendawa munthawi yake:

• matenda a mtima (atherosulinosis, matenda a mtima),
• matenda ashuga
• mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zonse mumayesa mayeso a lipid sipekitiramu kwa anthu omwe:

• utsi
• kumwa mowa kwambiri
• ali m'gulu la zaka 50+,
• odwala matenda ashuga a magawo osiyanasiyana,
• khalani ndi cholowa choyipa.

Njira zokonzekera

Kuti muwonjezere kutsimikizika kwa zotsatira za mbiri ya lipid, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

• Yesani m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu (amaloledwa kumwa madzi akadali).
• Pewani kumwa mowa ndi kusuta fodya.
• Pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso nthawi zopsinjika.
• Osamamwa mankhwala nthawi imeneyi.
• Musanapereke magazi chifukwa cha cholesterol, muyenera kukhala chete kwa mphindi pafupifupi 10.

Kodi kuyezetsa magazi kwa lipid kumachitika bwanji?

1. Syringe ndi singano imayilowetsedwa mu mtsempha wa wodwala.
2. Magazi amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu chosabala chovala.
3. Imatembenuzidwa nthawi zingapo kuti zisawonekere.
4. Pezani seramu pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation.
5. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zikufufuzidwa.

Kwenikweni, wodwalayo amalandira zotsatira za mbiri ya lipid tsiku lotsatira, chifukwa kuyesa kwamwazi kumachitika mkati mwa maola 24.

Pali njira zitatu zodziwika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mawonekedwe a lipid. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Laborator processing ndi dzanja.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamakono. Njira iyi imawonedwa ngati yolondola kwambiri, mwachangu, ndi zolakwika zochepa pazotsatira.
• Njira yonyamula. Zogwiritsa ntchito pawokha, kuwongolera milingo ya cholesterol. Imachitika poika magazi ochepa paziwonetsero zoyeserera zapadera.

Zambiri pazotsatira zomwe zapezedwa

Mbiri ya Lipid - kafukufuku wathunthu wamafuta a metabolism. Ndikofunikira kudziwa chithunzi chokwanira chodwala. Gome limawonetsa zodziwika zoyesedwa magazi a lipid:

Zopatukira

Kusagwirizana kwa zotsatirazo ndi mayendedwe abwinobwino a kuyezetsa magazi kwa lipid kumawonetsa kusagwira ntchito mthupi. Gome limawonetsa ma pathologies omwe angakhalepo momwe phindu la zinthu zamafuta zimasiyanirana ndi zomwe zimachitika:

Pomaliza

Lipidogram ndi kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta komwe kumayikidwa ndi dokotala kuti apewe matenda ena ngati mukukayikira kuti akuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe. Maphunziro a cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides. Njirayi ndiyofunika kuti pakhale vuto la lipid mbiri, chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangika pakumanga kwa lipid, minyewa yamitsempha yamagazi imayamba.

Zisonyezo za lipid kusanthula

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa lipid sipekitiramu kumatsimikizira osati chiopsezo cha matenda amtima wamunthu, komanso kuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira kudziwa komwe kumayambitsa matenda: myocardial ischemia, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika momwe odwala akusinthira pazakudya zomwe zimachepetsa lipid komanso odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol (cholesterol).

Zisonyezo za lipidogram ndi:

• kuyesedwa pa mayeso a akatswiri pazaka zopitilira 20 - kamodzi pazaka zisanu,
• kupezeka kwa cholesterol yokwanira pakuyesa magazi a biochemical,
• kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'mbuyomu,
• pamaso pa matenda obadwa nawo: atherosulinosis, kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe,
• osuta fodya, onenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso zaka zopitilira 45 kwa amuna ndi zaka 55 kwa akazi,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya lipid, kutsatira zakudya zochepetsetsa za holistirin (kuwongolera momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira)
• kuwunika kagayidwe kachakudya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima pambuyo poyerekeza infarction,
• matenda am'mitsempha a ubongo.

Momwe mungakonzekere kuwunika kwa lipid

Kutsimikiza kolondola kwa magazi a lipid kuwonetsetsa kuti kukonzekereratu. Kulephera kutsatira malamulo ena phunzirolo lisanachitike kungapangitse kuti muzindikire molakwika mankhwala omwe mumalandira.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, muyenera:

• pangani chakudya chomaliza maola 12 musanatsutse magazi,
• kupatula pa menyu tsiku loti lisanthule zakudya zamafuta, zonunkhira, zonunkhira ndi mchere,
• siyani kumwa mowa mu maola 24,
• musasute kwa theka la ola musanapite kuchipatala,
• pewani kulimbitsa thupi ndi kupsinjika kwa ola limodzi musanayambe kumwa magazi,
• siyani kumwa mankhwala tsiku lililonse kwa maola 48 musanatengere magazi.

Kupatuka kwa zotsatira kuchokera pazizolowezi ndizotheka ngati munthu adakumana ndi zovuta zambiri zam'mawa tsiku lotsatira, ndi zovuta zowonongeka, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati komanso kugwiritsa ntchito beta-blockers, statins, androgens, fibrate ndi estrogens.

Kuwongolera mawonekedwe a lipid

Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a lipids:

HDL - letsa mapangidwe a lipid zolembera, kusamutsa cholesterol yaulere ku chiwindi kuti ikonzedwe. Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende yake kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro chabwino.

VLDL - kusintha mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mapuloteni okwera kwambiri kukhala kachulukidwe kakang'ono.

TG - maselo okwera ndi mphamvu. Kuchulukitsa kwa chizindikirocho sikofunikira chifukwa kumapangitsa kusintha kwa atherosrance?

Malingaliro a HDL poyesa magazi kwa lipid sipekitiramu amawonetsedwa pagome:

Zowonetsa za LDL, TG, cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi a lipid kumaonekera mwa akulu:

Kodi dyslipidemia ndi chiyani?

Dyslipidemia ndi matenda obadwa nawo kapena otenga pomwe kaphatikizidwe, kayendedwe ndi katemera wamafuta kuchokera mthupi amasokonezedwa. Pazifukwa izi, magazi awo amakwera.

Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri magawo amitsempha yamagazi, amachepetsa mphamvu yake yocheperako, amakulitsa mwayi wodziwika bwino. Choyamba, ndichinthu chothandizira pakukula kwa atherosulinosis. Chifukwa chake, vutoli limakulitsa kuthekera kwa kugunda kwamtima ndi mikwingwirima, limakulitsa njira ya matenda oopsa, ndikupanga miyala mu chikhodzodzo cha ndulu.

Malo amafuta amatha kupanga pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe pakapita nthawi imadzaza ndi minyewa yolumikizira mchere wambiri. Zotsatira za "sangweji" yotereyi ndi chifanizo cha atherosrance.

High osalimba lipoproteins

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa sipid sipekitiramu sikupeza kuchuluka kwa HDL. Kachigawo kalikonse kamakhala kopanda malire. The HDL yokwera, kwabwinoko, chiopsezo chotenga matenda amtunduwu ndi matenda onse ophatikizana amachepa. Mwapadera, kuwonjezereka kwa chizindikirocho kumatha kuwonetsa hepatitis, uchidakwa, kuledzera, kusintha kwa chiwindi cha chikhalidwe cha cirrhotic. Pangopanga pokhapokha amatha kuthana ndi minyewa yama cellular ndikupereka atherosranceotic prophylaxis.

Mulingo wocheperako waukazitape wapamwamba kwambiri pakuwunikira kwa lipid ndizofala kwambiri. Kupatuka kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a m'mimba, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a impso, njira zopatsirana pachimake.

Mavuto a lipoprotein otsika komanso otsika kwambiri

Ngati kuwongolera kwotsatira kwa magazi a lipid wodziwonetsa kumakweza milingo yayikulu ya VLDL ndi LDL, zomwe zingakhale:

• Matenda a chithokomiro,
• kutupa kwa ndulu chifukwa cha kusayenda kwa chiwindi - cholestasis,
• kulephera kwa aimpso,
• oncology wa kapamba kapena prostate,
• kunenepa
• uchidakwa
• cholowa.

Kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a kachigawo kameneka sikosangalatsa kwa akatswiri, koma motsika kwambiri mitengo imatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa hyperthyroidism, magazi oncology, COPD, kuchepa kwa vitamini B 12, ndi kuperewera kwa folic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kumatha chifukwa cha kupsa kwambiri komanso kuvulala.

Kodi zovuta zamtundu wa triglycerides ndi ziti?

Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala a triglycerides ndi glycerol ester ndi mamolekyu atatu a mafuta apamwamba kapena apakati. Nthawi zambiri, oleic, linolenic, myristic, kapena stearic acid amapezeka pakapangidwe kake. Mapulogalamu osavuta amakhala ndi mamolekyu atatu amodzi asidi, osakanizidwa awiri kapena atatu.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa triglycerin mu mawonekedwe a lipid kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda monga matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, gout, komanso uchidakwa.

Odwala omwe zakudya zosakwanira zopatsa mphamvu, pali zotupa za impso kapena hyperthyroidism, magawo a zinthu zachilengedwe amakhala otsika kuposa abwinobwino.

Kodi mgwirizano wa atherogenicity uyenera kukhala chiyani?

M'magazi a biochemistry ya lipid sipekitiramu pali chisonyezo cha kuphatikizika kwa atherogenicity. Mtengo wake umawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Malingaliro ake amakhala ochokera kumagawo atatu wamba. Chizindikiro 3-4 chikuwonetsa kusayenda bwino kwachilengedwe. Ngati mtengo umaposa 4, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amafunikira chakudya chochepetsera mafuta, kuyang'anira chizindikirocho pakanthawi kena, komanso mwina ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.