Chifukwa chiyani insulin imayang'aniridwa kudzera m'mitsempha m'malo mwa mapiritsi?

Yankho langa monga dokotala ndilosavuta kumva. Insulin ndi chamba cha pancreatic chomwe chimaperekedwa kangapo patsiku kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga. Kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha kumachitika ka 10 mwachangu kuposa kuperekedwa pakamwa (pakamwa). Ndipo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi chiopsezo chokhazikika chokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, chifukwa chake, mankhwala "insulin" ayenera kuchita mwachangu komanso popanda kutayika. Mapiritsi sakhala otengeka 100% - pambuyo pake, asanalowe mu SUCTION ZONE (matumbo), mapiritsiwo amadutsa pamimba ndi malo ake ankhanza ndikutaya ntchito. Mwa njira yanga, pozindikira ambulansi, insulin imayendetsedwa zonse komanso mwaubongo, osangobayira:

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani insulini ikufunika kuvulazidwa ndi singano, koma osangomwa piritsi?

Insulin ndi mapuloteni a polypeptide omwe amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito michere ya m'mimba peptide imodzi - likukwaniritsidwa kuti kufikira matumbo aang'ono, momwe insulin imayenera kuyamwa, singagwire ntchito mokwanira komanso kuchepetsa shuga.

Kuphatikiza pazomwe zimayambitsa zamankhwala, pali zina zomwe zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa kasamalidwe ka matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chiyani jakisoni ndibwino?

Magazi a glucose amasintha kwambiri tsiku lonse.

Zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika, kudwala, ngakhale nthawi yatsiku, ndi zina zambiri. - Zonsezi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati izi sizinali zazikulu, sipakanakhala chifukwa chowunikira shuga wamagazi kangapo patsiku.

Insulin ndiyofunikira kuti glucose, monga gwero lamphamvu, ilowe m'maselo, ndipo magazi ake amakhalabe okhazikika, chifukwa chake, insulin iyenera kufikira magazi osasinthika.

Amalowetsedwa m'mafuta oyambira, kenako amamwetsedwa m'magazi kwakanthawi popanda kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Insulin sayenera kubayidwa mwachindunji m'matumbo kapena m'mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha kapena mitsempha), chifukwa izi zimatha kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo kwake ndikuwongolera kukula kwa hypoglycemia (shuga yochepa).

Ntchito ya insulin imatanthauzanso kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumachitika.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin ndi: ultrashort, yochepa, yapakati, yochita zinthu komanso yosakanikirana. Iliyonse ya iwo imakhazikika ndikuchita munthawi ina, kulipirira zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za mthupi la glucose.

Njira zina

Kafukufuku akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange njira zina zoperekera insulin.

Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri ndi njira yothandizira inhalation.

Mu 2006, mankhwala a inhibation a Exubera insulin inhalation adayambitsidwa, omwe adakhalapo pamsika wamankhwala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, komabe, pazifukwa zina (kusamvetsetsa pamtengo wopanga ndikulembetsa mankhwalawa, chidziwitso chabodza chokhudzana ndi khansa yamapapu) idachotsedwa kuti igulitsidwe ndi wopanga. Mankhwalawa anali okwera mtengo kwambiri (maulendo 4 okwera mtengo kuposa jakisoni) ndipo sanali wofanana ndi insulin yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Mankhwala ena ovomerezeka ndi FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) amatchedwa Afrezza. Mayesero osiyanasiyana azachipatala akupitilizidwa kuti adziwe chitetezo cha mankhwalawa.

Pakadali pano, pamavuto azachipatala, zotsatira zoyipa monga hypoglycemia, zilonda zapakhosi, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa maphunziro a bronchitis ndi mphumu ya bronchial.

Koma, sayansi siyimayima ndipo ikusunthira patsogolo nthawi zonse, tidzatsatira zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri pankhani yamakina a insulin.

Kodi ndingabayire insulin m'mitsempha?

Yankho ndi: Yankho lalifupi ndi: ayi, ayi, ndipo ayi! Izi zitha kukupha. Insulin yovulala m'mitsempha imachepetsa kwambiri shuga m'magazi, mwina mpaka itatsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, musachite konse izi.

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa: Monga momwe mumadziwira, insulini ndiyofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, makamaka pamene shuga m'magazi ayamba kukwera pambuyo chakudya.

Insulin ikapangidwa ndi kapamba mwa anthu athanzi, imalowa m'magazi m'miyeso yaying'ono chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi angapo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin pansi pa khungu kumatsata kuyankha uku bwino kwambiri komanso mosatetezeka, chifukwa insulin imalowetsedwa m'magazi ndi jakisoni wotere.

Insulin ikaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, mphamvu yake yotsitsa shuga imachitika nthawi yomweyo. M'malo motengeka pang'ono m'magazi kuchokera ku minyewa ya adipose, insulin imangolowa m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa insulin m'thupi, komwe kumapangitsa kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo kungayambitse kwambiri hypoglycemia.

Ngati simuletsa pakapita nthawi, hypoglycemia ikhoza kukupangitsani kuti musakhalenso chikumbumtima.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin mu mtsempha kumatheka pokhapokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala komanso kokha kudzera mukuwa.

Njirayi nthawi zina imayikidwa kuchipatala kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mwachitsanzo, ndi ketoacidosis).

Koma, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hypoglycemia (komanso chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha jakisoni wodetsedwa yemwe amayambitsa matenda), sizikulimbikitsidwa kuperekera insulin mkati popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Mayankho othekera: Mkulu wanu shuga akakwera kwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "kukonza" ndikuwonjezeranso magawo angapo a insulin omwe amangokhala pang'ono kuti abwezeretse shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukulowetsa insulin m'mimba pansi pa khungu, mutha kukhala ndi kuyamwa koyenera, komwe kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin, mutha kuonjezeranso insulin yochepa kuti muchepetse shuga yambiri yamagazi.

MISONKHANO: Jakisoni wamkati mwa insulini sayenera kuchitidwa kunja kwa oyang'anira. Iyi ndi njira yeniyeni yopita ku tsoka. Mukuti izi zidzakupulumutsirani nthawi ndi ndalama. Sipangakhale ndalama zotere ngati pali chiopsezo chotenga vuto la hypoglycemia.

Mlingo wowopsa wa insulin: zotsatirapo za zolakwa

Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndicho kubayidwa kwa insulin ya m'thupi.

Chiwerengero cha magawo omwe amafunikira kuti thupi likhale lathanzi liyenera kutsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha komanso kupatsidwa ntchito ndi katswiri. Mlingo umadziwika ndi thupi la wodwalayo komanso kuopsa kwa matendawo.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira mlingo womwe aperekedwa ndi endocrinologist, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuperekedwa kwa odwala okha.

Zomwe bongo wambiri zimabweretsa

Kuchulukitsa mlingo wofotokozedwa ndi dokotala mosakayikira kumabweretsa kukula kwa hypoglycemic syndrome. Vutoli limadziwika ndi shuga wochepa wamagazi, omwe amatha kupha.

Pankhani ya mlingo wovuta, thandizo loyamba limafunika, lomwe lingapulumutse moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga.

Komabe, panthawiyi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti athe kusiyanitsa pakati pa hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic syndrome, chifukwa nthawi zina pambuyo pa utsogoleri wa insulin, kuwonongeka kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwala kumatha chifukwa cha kudumpha kwa shuga.

Kwa matenda a hyperglycemic, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino:

• ludzu kwambiri
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kutopa
• masomphenya osalala
• Kuuma ndi kuyabwa kwa pakhungu,
• kamwa yowuma
• arrhasmia,
• chikumbumtima
• chikomokere.

Mwanjira imeneyi, ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito aubongo, omwe ali oopsa makamaka kwa okalamba. Amatha kudwala ziwalo, paresis, kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kwa malingaliro.

Mtima ndi mtima zimadwalanso - kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kulowerera m'mitsempha, zotupa zam'mimba, komanso zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kuonekanso posachedwa.

Pankhaniyi, wodwala ayenera kuthandizidwa kubayitsa mahomoni isanafike ambulansi.

Ngati bongo wambiri wayambitsa vuto la hypoglycemic, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonedwa:

• kuchuluka kwamkwiyo, mantha,
• thukuta
• kamvekedwe ka minofu
• ana opukusidwa
• mseru komanso kusanza
• chizungulire, kupweteka mutu,
• machitidwe osayenera
• pre-syncope.

Ngati sanachitepo kanthu mwachangu, wodwalayo amatha kudwala matenda am'mimba, omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamkati. Mavuto a pafupipafupi a hypoglycemic mwa akulu amachititsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa umunthu, ndipo mwa ana amachititsa kuchepa kwa luntha. Komanso, imfa siyimachotsedwa.

Thandizo loyamba

Ngati zizindikiro za kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic zilipo, zochita zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti khazikitse mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo:

1. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsidwa chakumwa kapena china chokoma - tiyi wokhala ndi shuga, maswiti kapena uchi.
2. Onetsetsani malo okhazikika kapena abodza.
3. Pofuna kutaya chikumbumtima, wodwalayo ayenera kuyikidwa pambali pake ndikuyika kachidutswa ka shuga m'tsitsi mwake.
4. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyimbira gulu la ambulansi.

Pofuna kutaya chikumbumtima, 40% glucose (50 ml) amatumikiridwa kwa wodwalayo kudzera m'mitsempha. Ngati nkosatheka kupereka mankhwalawa m'mitsempha, amathandizidwa mosavuta - 500 ml ya 6% shuga kapena 150 ml ya glucose 10% mu enema.

Popewa kuchuluka kwa insulin yambiri m'matenda a shuga, ndikofunika kutsatira njira zodzitetezera: osaba jekeseni usiku, bola ngati wodwala sakhala usiku akuyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala. Kupatula apo, vuto lalikulu la hypoglycemic limatha kuchitika usiku, pamene munthu alibe thandizo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka nawo.

Momwe mungawerengere mlingo

Mlingo wa mahomoni kwa odwala matenda a shuga umayikidwa ndi adokotala okha. Chofunikira kwambiri pakuwona kuchuluka kwa chinthu chimatengedwa ngati kulemera kwa munthu.

Komabe, ena akukhulupirirabe kuti chomwe chimapangitsa ndicho kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi sizolondola, zidatsimikiziridwa kalekale ndi sayansi.

Endocrinologists amatsutsa kuti muyenera kulowa insulin yambiri momwe munthu akulemera.

Mlingo wowopsa kwa aliyense. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chotulutsa chapadera, chomwe chimamangidwa pakhungu lamkati pamimba ndikugwiritsa ntchito chubu, ndipo kuchuluka kofunikira kwa timadzi timene timaperekedwa nthawi zonse kumagazi a wodwala.

Njira ya Inulinion ya Insulin

Insulin ya mankhwala matenda ashuga kutumikiridwa subcutaneous, intramuscularly kapena kudzera m'mitsempha (okhazikika okhazikika a insulin omwe amaperekedwa kudzera mwamitsempha ndipo amakhala ndi matenda a shuga wokhazikika). Njira yoyenera kwambiri ya mankhwala a insulini m'machitidwe azachipatala ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe.

Mlingo wa mayamwidwe a insulin ndi kuyambika kwa zotsatirazi zimatengera zinthu zingapo: mtundu insulin, tsamba la jakisoni, kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyendetsedwa, etc.

Mwansanga, insulini imalowa m'magazi kuchokera pakatumba lankhondo lamkati, pang'onopang'ono kuchokera phewa, kutsogolo kwa ntchafu komanso pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pabowo.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amapezeka ndimafuta amchere a madera awa.

Ndikofunikira kupatsa insulini molondola! Nthawi zambiri kuthekera kwa kulipidwa matenda ashuga sizitengera kungoyenderana ndi moyo wina kapena mlingo wokwanira wa mankhwalawo, komanso njira yolondola yopangira jakisoni wa insulin. Chifukwa chake, musanakulitse mlingo insulin ngati yankho silili bwino, muyenera kudziwa ngati wodwalayo ali ndi njira yolondola yolera.

Jakisoni wa insulin amaperekedwa kudzera mwa intramuscularly kapena intradermally.

Insulin iyenera kuperekedwa mosamalitsa. Pamaso pa jekeseni, khungu limakulungidwa ndipo silimasulidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa insulin (mwanjira ina singano imatha kulowa mu minofu ya minofu).

Singano ndikofunikira kuti musalowe pansi koma pang'onopang'ono mpaka madigiri 45 mpaka 60 pakhungu.

Mutamaliza kuyika insulin, tsamba la jakisayo limakanikizidwa, koma osasenda (ngati mukufuna kutikita minofu, ndiye muyenera kuchita izi pambuyo pa jekeseni iliyonse).

Mlingo wa insulin wolakwika

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringes apadera ndikulipira botolo. Botolo limatha kukhala ndi 1 ml 40 IU ya insulin (U-40) kapena 100 IU (U-100). Kuyika syringe wa insulin kuyenera kuwonetsera kwa insulini yomwe imagwirira ntchito. Ngati mungabaye insulini ndi syringe yolakwika, mlingo wa insulin ukhoza kukhala waukulu kwambiri kapena wochepa kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin yozizira

Asanakhazikitsidwe, insulini iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda, popeza insulin yozizira imamwidwa pang'onopang'ono. Vial ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano imatha kusungidwa pamtunda wofunda mu phukusi lamdima (insulin imawonongeka ndikuwunikira kwa dzuwa), nthawi zambiri mpaka miyezi itatu. Insulin yokha ndiyomwe iyenera kusungidwa mufiriji.

Palibe kusintha kwa malo opaka jekeseni mkati mwa thupi limodzi

Zotsatira zake, ma post-jakisoni amalowetsedwa mwachangu ndipo, ngati singano imagwera chisindikizo chotere, kuyamwa kwa insulini kumachepetsa kwambiri. Pakati pa ma puncture awiri ndikofunikira kusiya mtunda wa 1 cm, ndipo majekeseni amayenera kugawidwa mofananamo kudera lonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamimba ponse pamimba, kuphatikiza ziwalo zake zamkati.

Kusakaniza kosavomerezeka kwa insulin yochepa komanso yayitali (kapena kuyendetsa ma insulin awiri osiyana ndi syringe imodzi)

Si ma insulini onse othandizira amasakanizidwa omwe amasakanikirana ndi insulin yochepa! Onani kufotokoza kwa mankhwala. Ngati izi ndizovomerezeka, ndiye kuti insulini yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa imayamba kusungidwa mu syringe. Komanso, insulin yotalika pang'onopang'ono siyingaloledwe kulowa vial ndi insulin yochepa komanso mosinthanitsa.

Mapiritsi a insulin

Jakisoni wa insulini atha kukhala mbiri posachedwa - University of California ku Santa Barbara yalengeza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa piritsi la insulin kukutha, pomwe posachedwa lipereka njira inanso yoyendetsera shuga wamagazi kwa iwo omwe akudwala matenda ashuga .

"Ndi matenda a shuga, pakufunika kwambiri kuti pakapezeke insulin mkamwa," akutero a Samir Mitragotri, pulofesa wa zomangamanga wa zamankhwala, yemwe amapanga njira zoperekera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. "Anthu amamwa insulini kangapo patsiku, kugwiritsa ntchito singano ndi vuto lalikulu."

"Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu opitilira 29 miliyoni ku United States adwala matenda a shuga. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amafuna jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse.

Kwa iwo omwe sakonda singano, jakisoni wosavomerezeka amatha kupereka chopinga chachikulu cha chithandizo chanthawi zonse, atero Amrita Banerji, wofufuza ku Mitragotri Lab.

"Izi zimatha kubweretsa chithandizo chokwanira komanso zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agonekere kuchipatala," akufotokoza.

Mapiritsi a insulin, asayansi akutsimikiza, sangathandize kungowonjezera kusokonekera komwe kumachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito masingano, komanso momwe angapangire kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogwira mtima.

"Mukalandira insulin ngati jakisoni, imayamba kulowa m'magazi a zotumphukira, kenako ndi m'magazi a chiwindi. Kulankhula pakamwa kudzakhala njira yolunjika kuchokera pamawonekedwe athupi lathu, ”akutero Pulofesa Samir Mitragotri.

Cholepheretsa chachikulu pakupanga mapiritsi a insulin ya pakamwa chinali kupeza mankhwala omwe amatha kupirira chilengedwe chowopsa cha m'mimba ndi matumbo, kupewa kuti mapuloteni awonongeke.

Asayansi aku University of California akwanitsa kuphatikiza kuphatikiza kwamkati kwa kapisozi komanso insuliniyake payokha ndi ma polima a mucoadhesive.

Mapiritsi okhala ndi zatsopano awonetsa kuthekera kwawo kupulumuka mu chapamimba chifukwa chotetezedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe kabowoleredwe, komwe popanda kutaya "adapereka" zothandiza pamatumbo aang'ono.

Pamenepo, kapuyu amatsegula kuti azitsegula mizu, yomwe imalumikizana ndi khoma lamatumbo, kulepheretsa ma enzyme a proteinolytic kuti apange insulini ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito cholowetsa chowonjezera, amatulutsa insulin yomwe imalowa m'magazi.

"Ili ndi gawo loyamba lopangira piritsi lomwe limaperekera insulini," atero Mitragorty. Zikuwonekeratu kuti, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mapiritsi a insulini adzadutsa magawo owonjezereka a kuyezetsa magazi ndikusintha asanatengedwe ngati chithandizo chofala kwa matenda ashuga.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zaperekedwa pamsonkhano wapachaka wa American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists ku Orlando, Florida.

Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, kapisozi watsopanoyu ali ndi chiyembekezo cha mitundu ina yazithandizo.

“Mwanjira imeneyi, titha kupereka mapuloteni ambiri m'magazi omwe akuikidwa magazi mwamphamvu,” akutsimikizira Pulofesa Mitragorty.

Ananenanso kuti: "Mankhwala ena opangidwa ndi mapuloteni, monga mahomoni okula, ma antibodies, ndi katemera, atha kuperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopweteka, zomwe zipititse patsogolo kukonzekera kwa odwala," adanenanso.

Malamulo a insulin

Nthawi zambiri, insulin imayendetsedwa mosazungulira, mwadzidzidzi, mu intramuscularly kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Njira yokhayo yovomerezeka ya insulin.

Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin (pancreatic hormone). Mlingo wa insulin m'magawo a zochita (UNIT) amayeza. Kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini kuyenera kukhala kolondola, chifukwa zolakwika za Mlingo zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Phukusi ndi mankhwalawa limawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi omwe ali mu 1 cubic mita. Mwa kuzunzika, kukonzekera kwa insulin ndi PISCES 40 ndi ZINSINSI 100 pa 1 ml. Sungani mosamala zilembedwe za mankhwala mosamala musanapereke mankhwalawo.

Wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa malamulo oyenera komanso zinthu zomwe zikukhudza kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi atatha jekeseni wapakhungu. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo njira yake yoyendetsera.

Insulin - momwe angapangire

1. Unikani bwino bwino zilembozo pamakalata ndikulemba chizindikiro cha syringe. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa UNITS ya insulini mu ndende inayake yomwe ili mgawo limodzi la syringe.
2. Pambuyo pogwira manja anu, valani magolovu.
3. Konzani chovala chamtundu wa insulin polipukusa m'manja mwanu kuti chikugwirizanitse. Kukonza chikuto ndi choletsa.

Momwe mungabayitsire insulin

Ngati mukulowetsa insulin pansi pa khungu m'mimba (kumanja ndi kumanzere), ndiye kuti imalowa m'magazi mwachangu kwambiri. Ikalowa mu ntchafu, imachedwa pang'ono komanso siyokwanira. Jakisoni m'matako kapena phewa, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuyamwa kumatenga malo apakati.

Masamba obayira jekeseni (phewa, ntchafu, pamimba) amayenera kukhala motsatizana ndi mtundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, m'mawa - m'mimba, nkhomaliro - m'mapewa, ndi madzulo - ntchafu. Kapenanso, jekeseni onse m'mimba.

Ndikofunika kupaka insulin kapena phewa lalitali, ndikuchita insulin m'mimba mwachidule. Komanso, mukalowetsa mankhwalawo pamalo omwewo pakhungu, kusintha kumachitika pamafuta ochepa, omwe amachepetsa mayamwidwe ndi kugwira bwino ntchito kwa insulin.

Momwe mungasungire insulin

Ndi kusungidwa koyenera, insulin ikukonzekera kwathunthu kusunga katundu wawo mpaka kumapeto kwa tsiku lotha kutulutsidwa. Botolo losatsimikizika limasungidwa pamalo amdima pamtunda wa + 2-8 C, makamaka pakhomo la firiji, koma mulibe mufiriji. Osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yozizira!

Ngakhale popanda firiji, insulini imatha kusungabe katundu wake, chifukwa kutentha kwa chipinda (+18 - 20 C) sikutaya ntchito. Ndipo tsiku litatha, koma mu botolo lotseguka, kusungirako kwa insulin kumaloledwa mpaka mwezi umodzi.

Kumbali ina, paulendo wautali chilimwe kupita kumadera otentha, ndibwino kusungira insulin mu thermos yotsegula lalikulu. Komanso, mankhwalawa amayenera kupangidwanso katatu patsiku ndi madzi ozizira. Mutha kukulunga botolo la mankhwala ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza yomwe imanyowetsedwa ndimadzi nthawi ndi nthawi.

Osasiya insulin pafupi ndi ma radiators kapena stoo. Ndipo koposa pamenepo, insulini siyenera kusungidwa padzuwa mwachindunji, chifukwa ntchito yake imachepera maulendo makumi angapo.

Insulin imawonedwa ngati yowonongeka ngati:

1. Wakhala wozizira kapena wotentha,
2. anasintha mtundu wake (motsogozedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, insulini imayamba)
3. Njira yake idakhala yopanda mitambo kapena ngati mpweya udawonekeramo ngati ma ntchentche adatuluka mosakhalitsa,
4. ngati pakuyambitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin sikupanga kusakanikirana kozungulira ndi ziphuphu (kukhalapo)

Dziwani kuti ma insulin okha aafupi, othamanga komanso a ultrashort, komanso atsopano, omwe amakhala akuchita insulin glargin, ayenera kuwonekera.

Insulin yayitali: mankhwala, kuwerengetsa kwa mlingo, makonzedwe ndi kusungidwa

Insulin ndi mankhwala othandizira kupewa matenda ashuga, jekeseni amene amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikuwonjezera mayamwidwe ndi minyewa (chiwindi ndi minofu). Insulin yayitali imatchedwa choncho chifukwa nthawi yake imakhala yambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya mankhwalawo, ndipo izi zimafuna kutsika kochepa.

Zochita za insulin yayitali

Zitsanzo za mayina a mankhwala:

• Lantus
• Insulin Ultralente,
• Insulin Ultralong,
• Insulin Ultratard,
• Levemir,
• Levulin,
• Humulin.

Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa kapena mayankho a jakisoni.

Kuchita insulin kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumalimbitsa mayamwidwe ndi minofu ndi chiwindi, kuthamangitsa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zopanga mapuloteni, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi hepatocytes (ma cell a chiwindi).

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin yowonjezera kumawerengeredwa molondola, kuyambitsa kwake kumayamba maola 4 pambuyo pa kubayidwa.

Chiwongola dzanja chokwanira chiyenera kuyembekezeredwa pambuyo pa maola 8-20 (kutengera mawonekedwe a munthu ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini). Zochita za insulin m'thupi zimachepetsedwa mpaka zero pambuyo pa maola 28 utatha.

Zosiyana ndi zomwe zili munthawi imeneyi zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe akunja ndi amkati a thupi la munthu.

Kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa kumapangitsa kuti insulini ikhale kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti magaziwo azikhala pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'ono.

Zisonyezero zogwiritsa ntchito insulin yayitali

1. Kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga 1.
2. Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
3. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala pakamwa kuti muchepetse magazi a m'magazi.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito ngati mankhwala othandizira.
5. Ntchito.
6. Matenda a shuga kwa amayi apakati.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa amatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo aliyense payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Mutha kuwerengera nokha mlingowo pokhapokha mukaonana ndi katswiri ndikupanga mayeso a labotale.

Kubetcha insulin nkoletsedwa. Ndikofunikira kupukutira m'manja musanabale. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale kupangika kophatikizika kwa mankhwalawa ndikuwotcha nthawi yomweyo mankhwalawo kuchokera kutentha kwa manja.

Kuwongolera kumayikidwa pakusintha kuchokera ku insulin yakuchokera kwa nyama kukhala munthu. Mlingo ukusankhanso. Komanso, kusintha kwa mtundu wina wa insulini kupita ku wina kuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala komanso kuunika kwa magazi pafupipafupi. Ngati kusinthaku kwapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo opatsirana apitirire mayunitsi zana, wodwala amayenera kutumizidwa kuchipatala.

Kukonzekera konse kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa mosadukiza, ndipo jekeseni iliyonse yotsatira iyenera kupangidwa m'malo osiyana. Kukonzekera kwa insulin sikungasakanikiridwe ndi kuchepetsedwa.

Werengani kuchuluka kwa insulin

Kuti magazi a glucose akhalebe obwinobwino tsiku lonse, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mtundu wa insulin, kapena mlingo woyambira. Msuzi ndimtundu wa insulin wa nthawi yayitali kapena wapakatikati, womwe umapangidwa kuti ukhale ndi shuga wamagazi osadya kapena pamimba yopanda kanthu, monga mwa munthu wathanzi, secretion basal.

Ndi magwiridwe antchito a maselo a pancreatic mwa anthu, 24-26 IU ya insulin imapangidwa tsiku lililonse. Izi zikuchokera pafupi 1 unit pa ola limodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero chonse cha insulini ndicho maziko kapena insulin yowonjezera yomwe muyenera kulowa.

Ngati opaleshoni, njala, kupsinjika kwamalingaliro ndi kutulutsa kwakukonzekera, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kofunikira kumafunikiranso.

Werengani komanso Momwe mungapangire odwala matenda ashuga koyambirira

Kuyesa kwa Insulin

Ndikotheka kumvetsetsa palokha ngati mulingo woyambira umasankhidwa molondola. Uwu ndiudindo wa munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa ngakhale mlingo wa insulin wofotokozedwa ndi dokotala atha kukhala wosayenera kwa vuto lanu. Chifukwa chake, monga akunenera, khulupilirani, koma yang'anani, makamaka ngati zikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi thanzi lanu.

Poyesa, muyenera kusankha tsiku linalake, ndibwino kuti lidzakhale tsiku lopuma, chifukwa muyenera kuyang'anira glucose mosamala. Ndiye, mungayang'anire bwanji ngati mulingo woyenera wa insulin wowonjezereka wakupangira.

1. Osamadya kwa maola asanu.
2. Ola lililonse muyenera kuyeza shuga ndi glucometer.
3. Nthawi yonseyi, hypoglycemia kapena kudumpha kwa glucose wa 1.5 mmol / l sikuyenera kuzindikirika.
4. Kutsika kwa shuga kapena kuchuluka kumawonetsa kufunika kosintha maziko a insulin.

Kuyesedwa koteroko kuyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, mudayang'ana kuchuluka kwanu kwa insulin m'mawa, koma momwe zinthu zilili ndi kusintha kwa glucose masanawa kapena madzulo. Chifukwa chake, sankhani tsiku lina kuti mupeze insulin yamadzulo komanso usiku.

Chokhacho muyenera kukumbukira: kuti insulin yochepa yomwe idalowetsedwa m'mawa sizikhudza shuga wamagazi, kuyesaku kuyenera kuchitika maola 6 pambuyo pakukonzekera kwake (ngakhale patakhala usiku).

Malangizo oyendetsa

Palinso malo owongolera okonzekera insulin yayitali kapena yapakati. Ngati zidzachitike kuti mukayang'ana shuga mu "mfundo" izi ziwonjezereka kapena kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuti kuyesa koyambira komwe tafotokozazi kuyenera kuchitika.

Protafan NM, Humalin NPH, Insumal Bazal, Levemir. Kwa mankhwalawa, malo owongolera ayenera kukhala musanadye chakudya chamadzulo ngati mlingo umaperekedwa m'mawa. Zikatero, ngati mankhwalawa amaperekedwa madzulo, ndiye kuti amayenera kuwongolera m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. M'zochitika zonse zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri, phindu la shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu sayenera kupitirira 6.5 mmol / L.

Ngati mukuwona kuti kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kusintha mlingo wa insulin nokha! Kuyesa koyambira kuyenera kuchitidwa. Ndipo pokhapokha musinthe mlingo kapena funsani kwa dotolo. Kudumpha kotereku kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda a m'mawa kapena chifukwa cholakwika cha insulin yamadzulo.

Bongo

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwakuchulukirapo kwa insulin komwe sikukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi kumatha kudzetsa hypoglycemia, yomwe pakufunika kosagwirizana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kungayambitse wodwala kapena zovuta zazikulu.

Hypoglycemia imatha kubweretsa kukomoka, kusokonezeka kwamanjenje, komanso ngakhale kupweteka. M'tsogolomu, ndikofunikira kuwongolera dokotala ndikuwongolera zakudya komanso kupatsa jekeseni wa insulin yayitali.

Mankhwala Lantus ndi analogue a insulin ya anthu. Amapezeka mu labotale kuchokera ku zida za majini a bakiteriya, E. coli. Amasiyana ndi anthu pokhapokha ngati mamolekyulu awiri a arginine ndi kukhalapo kwa katsitsumzukwa m'malo mwa glycine.

Lantus, monga insulin ina iliyonse, amaletsedwa kusakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya insulin ndipo, makamaka, ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kusakaniza kudzayambitsa insulin yoyipa mosayenera. Choyipa chowopsa chophatikizika kusakanikirana ndicho kukhala mpweya.

Werengani komanso: Kodi ndizotheka kuthana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Popeza insulin Lantus imakhala ndi ma antibodies aumunthu, mayamwidwe ake ndikukhazikika kwa thupi ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimafanana ndi ma analogues. Komabe, sabata yoyamba ndikofunika kulipira chidwi chochuluka machitidwe a thupi ndi insulin yamtunduwu, makamaka atatha kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wina.

Lantus amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi jekeseni wa subcutaneous. Kuwongolera kwamitsempha sikovomerezeka, chifukwa pamakhala chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Popeza insulin ili ndi zotsutsana zina pakugwiritsira ntchito (kulera, kulephera kwa impso), sizinali zotheka kudziwa zoyipa zoyipa ndi zoletsa izi, chifukwa palibe maphunziro omwe adachitika.

Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso oyamwitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayitali ndikotheka, koma kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizirana: mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, zakudya.

Contraindication

1. Hypoglycemia.
2. Kuzindikira magawo a mankhwalawa.
3. Ana osakwana zaka 6.
4. Mimba

Pambuyo pofunsana ndi katswiri, zotsutsana izi sizingakhale zovuta kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa zabwino zake zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kuwopsa kwa zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Pangofunikira kuwerengera molondola mlingo wa insulin yomwe umayendetsedwa.

Malangizo apadera ndi kusamala

Insulin yotalikilapo sicholinga chake pochiza ketoacidosis. Matupi a Ketone amachotsedwa m'thupi pokhapokha kudzera pakukonzekera kwa insulin yayifupi.

Kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga, kuphatikiza insulin kwa nthawi yayitali. Yotalika nthawi yayitali imakhala ngati maziko, ndiye kuti imasunga insulini yambiri m'magazi momwe kapamba amayenera kutulutsa munthawi yoyenera.

Masamba osiyanasiyana obayidwa alibe kusiyana muzotsatira zomaliza, ndiye kuti, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala omwe ali m'magazi kudzakhala chimodzimodzi mulimonse. Ndikofunikira kuti musinthe malo potsatira jakisoni wotsatira.

Mukamasintha kuchokera ku insulin yayitali mpaka yayitali, muyenera kumayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala ndi glucometer, popeza mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa umasinthidwa ndikuwonjezera njira zina zofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga ya magazi (mapiritsi, insulin yochepa).

Popewa hypoglycemia usiku ndikadzuka, amalangizidwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa insulin ndikukulitsa insulin yochepa ndi chakudya. Dokotala yekha ndi amene ayenera kuwerengetsa mlingo wake.

Mlingo wa insulin yayitali umasinthidwa:

• kusintha kwa zakudya
• ndimphamvu zolimbitsa thupi,
• matenda opatsirana
• machitidwe
• kubala mwana
• matenda a endocrine
• matenda a impso (makamaka kulephera),
• shuga mu okalamba (65 kapena kuposa),
• kuchepa thupi kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
• kumwa mowa
• zifukwa zina zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndikofunikanso kusamala ndi omwe ali ndi glycosylated hemoglobin pansipa. Mwa anthu oterowo, hypoglycemia imakhala yotheka usana ndi usiku popanda chifukwa.

Momwe mungasungire

Muyenera kupeza malo pomwe kutentha kuchokera pa + 2 ° C mpaka + 8 ° C. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mashelufu a firiji. Ndikofunika kupewa kuzizira kwa insulini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kusunga majakisoni ndi chidebe mufiriji.

Pewani kufikira ana.

Akatsegulidwa ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito, kutentha kosungirako sikuyenera kupitirira +25 degrees. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti moyo wa alumali wa insulin mutatseguka ndi masabata anayi.

Patsiku lotha ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo koletsedwa.

Mutha kugula insulini yokhayo pokhapokha ngati mukupezeka ndi mankhwala a dokotala.

Kodi ndizotheka kubayira insulin m'mitsempha ya shuga?

Monga mukudziwa, ntchito ya insulin ndiyoti malamulo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, makamaka akamakula atatha kudya. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kapamba kamatulutsa bwino insulini, pang'onopang'ono, kutengera kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, ochepa komanso kwa maola angapo amalowa m'magazi.

Makina osunthira Insulin molondola, mosamala komanso moyenera imatsutsana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba kotsimikizika. Ndi jakisoni wamtunduwu, insulin imayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo imakhala yofanana kulowa mu magazi kuchokera ku minofu ya adipose. Ndi subulinaneous infulin yomwe imadziwika ndi mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi ngati mulingo woyenera.

At intravenous makonzedwe kutsika kwa insulini kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, mankhwalawo amangolowa m'magazi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa insulin m'thupi kumachitika, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsika, pali kuthekera kwambiri kwa hypoglycemia yayikulu ndikusazindikira.

Zili pachifukwa ichi intravenous makonzedwe insulini imatheka kokha kuchipatala, ndi kukokana, komanso moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Njira zofananazo zimachitidwa ndi ketoacidosis wapamwamba.

Chifukwa cha kwambiri chiopsezo chachikulu kupezeka kwa hypoglycemia, komanso chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda (chifukwa chamakhalidwe osavomerezeka), ndizoletsedwa kuperekera insulin mokakamira palokha. Nawu njira yopita ku tsoka. Pafupifupi kusunga nthawi ndi ndalama (mwachitsanzo, kugula kwa pampu ya insulin) sikufunsidwa.

Ndi shuga wambiri, mutha kusankha kulowa zingapo zama insulini zazifupi, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa kukonzanso. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito pampu, mutha kuwonjezera insulin yochepa pang'ono.

Ndikofunikira sintha mlingo wa insulin poganizira zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, munthu payekha amayang'aniridwa ndi katswiri. Ndipo simuyenera kuyesa, ndikuthamangira kuti muchepetse shuga mwachangu momwe mungathere.