Zochita za insulin mthupi la munthu

Monga momwe amadziwika kale, insulin ndi mahomoni apadziko lonse lapansi. Zimathandizira kuonetsetsa njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi lathu. Udindo wa timadzi timene timachitika ndimaselo am'magazi, momwe glucose owonjezera amatuluka m'magazi amatengedwa panthawi ya chakudya.

Kupanga kwa insulin kumawonjezera kusungirako kwa glucose mu chiwindi mu mawonekedwe a glycogen, komanso kumapangitsanso synthesis ya protein mu thupi.

Adipose minofu, minofu ndi chiwindi amachita kwambiri insulin. Chifukwa chake, maselowa amapanga shuga onse omwe adayikidwa ndi insulin, ndikuisunganso kosungira ngati ili ndi vuto la mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, glucose imayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a glycogen. Ndipo ngati thupi lifunikira, glucose amamasulidwa kuchokera ku glycogen kupita mu magazi.

Nthawi yothandizira ndi mitundu ya mahomoni

mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono,

mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni a kapamba a nyama (osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono, ndi zinthu zakale).

Mitundu ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga ndi monga:

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Thupi limayamba kugwira ntchito pasanathe mphindi zisanu. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika mu ola limodzi, koma chochitacho chimatha msanga. Jakisoni uyenera kuchitika pakudya, monga lamulo, "insulin" yofulumira imayendetsedwa limodzi ndiwothandizapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mwachidule. Kuchita insulin mwachidule kapena insulini yokhazikika. Zotsatira zamtunduwu zimapezeka theka la ola. Itha kuledzera musanadye. Insulin yochita zinthu mwachidule imayendetsa shuga m'magazi kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri kuposa insulini yothamanga.
Insulin ya nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin mwachangu kapena insulin yochepa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti insulini ichitepo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali, mwachitsanzo, osachepera theka la tsiku.
Insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa m'mawa. Imasokoneza shuga tsiku lonse, pokhapokha ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa kapena insulin yofulumira.
Insulin yosakanikirana ndi ya insulini yapakatikati komanso yochepa. Insulin yotere imayendetsedwa kawiri patsiku, isanadye. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa insulini umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe zimawavuta kusakaniza ndi insulin okha, kuwerenga malangizo ndikupeza mankhwala. Mtundu wa insulini yomwe wodwalayo angafune zimatengera zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Thupi la munthu aliyense limagwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pakupereka insulin. Yankho la kudya kwa insulin limatengera zomwe munthu amadya komanso nthawi yanji, kaya akuchita nawo zamasewera komanso kuti ndi wotakataka motani. Kuchuluka kwa ma jakisoni omwe munthu amatha kupanga, msinkhu wake, kuchuluka kwa ma shuga a shuga, zonsezi zimakhudza kusankha mtundu wa insulin komanso njira yomwe ingayambitsire thupi.

Kuphatikiza pa insulin yachilengedwe yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba, anthu ena amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ngati mankhwala. Wothandizirayo amalowa m'maselo ndikuchita jakisoni woyenera.

Kutalika kwa zochita za insulin zoterezi agawika m'magulu atatu:

Nthawi yoyamba pamene insulin ilowa m'magazi a wodwala. Pakadali pano, timadzi timene timagwira.
Peak Munthawi imeneyi, gawo lokwanira loti muchepetse shuga limafika.
Kutalika Nthawi imeneyi imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yapita. Panthawi imeneyi, shuga wamagazi amachepa.

Kutengera kutalika kwa mphamvu ya insulini, mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala akhoza kukhala amitundu:

Basal. Imagwira ntchito tsiku lonse, kotero kuti jakisoni imodzi ndi yokwanira patsiku. Ma-basal hormone alibe chochita chapamwamba, samachepetsa shuga kwakanthawi, koma amakulolani kukhalabe ndi zotsatira zamtsogolo za glucose tsiku lonse.
Bolus. Homoni ndi njira yachangu kwambiri yolimbikitsira kufunika kwa shuga m'magazi. Kamodzi m'magazi, nthawi yomweyo imapanga zomwe mukufuna. Peresenti yotsika kwambiri ya timadzi timene timaberekapo zimapezeka pakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala amtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi jekeseni yoyenera.

Mlingo wa insulin sayenera kuwerengetsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okha. Ngati kuchuluka kwa magawo a mahomoni kumachulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimatha. Zitha kupulumutsa moyo pokhapokha ngati wodwala ali ndi malingaliro omveka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupaka shuga asanayambike matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zalembedwazo zimafotokoza zotsatira za mankhwala okhala ndi insulin. Pansi pa chiyambi amatanthauza kutulutsidwa kwa timadzi mu magazi a munthu.

Kuyambira pamenepo, insulin ili ndi mphamvu ya hypoglycemic, ndiwo mwayi wawo wopindulitsa. Peak ndi nthawi yayifupi, imadziwika ndi kupendekera kwachulukidwe kwambiri kwa timadzi tamadzi.

Kutalika ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa chiyambi komanso nsonga. Nthawi yomwe imatenga insulin kuti muchepetse shuga ya magazi ndi yomwe imatenga.

Kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu kumasiyanitsa mitundu ingapo ya insulini, kugwiritsa ntchito kwina komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipatala kumadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuzungulira kwa m'mimba ndi prandial. Kuti muthane ndi insulin yakale, yokhala nthawi yayitali kapena yapakati pamafunika insulini yotsiriza, chifukwa yotsalira, yochepa kapena yochepa ya insulin ndiyofunika.

Ma hormone aumunthu amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yayifupi, ma insulin ena onse ndi analog. Zotsalazo zimapangidwa kuchokera ku insulin yaumunthu, koma kapangidwe ka molekyulu yake kamasinthidwa kotero kuti timadzi timene timapeza kuti tifanizire kuzungulira kwa basal kapena bolus.

Loyamba ndi loyenera maola 24, chifukwa amamulowetsa m'thupi la wodwalayo osaposa nthawi 1 patsiku. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikosavuta kuposa bolus, yomwe zochita zake ndizochepa maola angapo.

Insulin ya basal ilibe chiyambi komanso imapereka mawonekedwe osalala. Ndiye kuti, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, kumachepetsa msasa wamagazi ndi ena, osachulukana komanso osachepera.

Mfundu imasiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu yochita mthupi, kulowa m'magazi, nthawi yomweyo mahomoni amakhala ndi chochitika chogoneka. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kwa mahomoni a bolus kumakhala kofanana, kuchuluka kwake kumachitika panthawi yakudya - pamene kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yamtunduwu kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kungatheke.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulini ya analog kumaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa anthu, chifukwa ma molekyulu osinthika okhala mahomoni oyamba amatsata kutengera kwa thupi.

Njira zochitira insulin zakhala zikudziwika kale, motero, pali gulu la mankhwalawa, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda ashuga. Mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Mphamvu ya chinthu ichi imawonekera pakatha mphindi zisanu chikhazikitso chake. Ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kumatheka pambuyo pa ola limodzi. Komabe, mchitidwewo umangotha msanga. Jekeseni ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya.
Insulin yofupikitsa (kwenikweni, zikafika za insulin wamba, monga lamulo, mtundu uwu umatanthawuza). Kuchitikaku kumayamba pambuyo pa theka la ola. Izi zitha kumwedwa musanadye. Zochita zake zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa zomwe tafotokozazi.
Insulin ya nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala amtunduwu amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yofulumira kapena insulin yofulumira. Izi zimakwaniritsa zotsatira zosatha (chinthucho chimagwira pafupifupi theka la tsiku).
Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali. Amapangidwira kuti ayambitse kumayambiriro kwa tsiku. Insulin yotere imagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Komabe, izi ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa kapena kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Insulin yomwe imasakanizika kale. Madera ake ndi ena mwamafuta amitundu. Insulin yotere iyenera kumwedwa kawiri pa tsiku musanadye.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala kusankha. Njira zoyeserera za insulin imodzi mwazomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zimagwirizana ndi zosowa ndi zochitika za wodwala wina.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi njira zake ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino, woganizira zonse zomwe wodwalayo ali, momwe matendawo alili ndi momwe thanzi lake lilili.

Insulin (yomwe mtengo wake ndi ma ruble mazana asanu ndi atatu) uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Masiku ano, wodwalayo angasankhe imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi zotengera insulin:

Syringe. Masingano omwe ali mu ma syringe amakono ndi owonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake jekeseni amayamba kupweteka. Singano yotere iyenera kuyikiridwa mu minofu ya adipose kapena pansi pa khungu pamimba, matako, phewa kapena ntchafu.
Syringe chole. Chipangizochi chimagulitsidwa limodzi ndi insulin, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi muyeso. Nthawi zambiri cholembera chimakhala ndi cartridge yolumikizidwa. Insulin imalowetsanso kudzera mu singano, koma sikuti jakisoni wogwiritsa ntchito piston, koma ndi choyambitsa. Chipangizocho ndichabwino kwambiri kwa ana omwe ayenera kulowa mankhwala awo.
Pampu Chipangizochi chimapereka insulin nthawi zonse pakhungu, nthawi zambiri pamimba. Pakatha nthawi yayitali, pampu imatsogolera zinthu kulowa m'thupi kudzera pa chubu chapadera kulowa mu catheter. Ndizotheka kuti kuyambitsa insulini ndi jakisoni kumakhala kosafunikira.

Masamba obayira

Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kukhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Kumwa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kumatengera moyo wa wodwalayo komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Mukamatsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, mungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kukhalapo kwa contraindication ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka komanso thanzi lonse la wodwalayo.

Sizoletsedwa kuchita mankhwala a insulini pazotsatirazi:

Kukula kwa hypoglycemia mu shuga kungayambitse zovuta,
Njira zamatenda zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi, zimaphatikizira matenda a cirrhosis ndi hepatitis yayikulu
matenda a kapamba ndi impso (kapamba, nephritis, urolithiasis),
Matenda ena am'mimba (zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba),
matenda akulu amtima.

Insulin ya mayamwidwe othamanga ikhoza kulowa m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amapaka jekeseniyo kumtunda kwa phewa. Kuyambitsa insulini pang'onopang'ono kudzakhala ngati mutalowa m'chiuno kapena matako.

Pochiza matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi ndi malo a insulin, osasintha. Komabe, pofuna kupewa kukulitsa kapena kudziunjikira minofu ya adipose, tsamba la jakisoni nthawi zina lingasinthidwe. Ndikwabwino kusinthana mozungulira malo a jakisoni ndikudziwa momwe mungabayire insulin molondola.

Ananenedwa kuti matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga sangachite popanda jakisoni, ndipo mtundu wosadalira insulini umagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tating'onoting'ono ngati kamphindi kwakanthawi. Thupi limatha kuthana ndi ntchito zake, motero mutha kukana jakisoni, komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakukakamizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala a insulin:

mimba
kusowa kwa mahomoni
machitidwe
vuto la mtima kapena stroko,
glycemia.

Kutengera phindu la mahomoni opindulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni ndikwachiwonekere, ndipo ena odwala matenda ashuga sangathe popanda iyo, pomwe ena angakhale opanda nkhawa. Ngakhale zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa utsogoleri, zimatha kuchotsedwa palokha. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kusintha kadyedwe.

Kuti insulini yokhala nthawi yayitali ifike mosavuta m'magazi, imalowetsedwa m'mimba. Odwala ena amakonda jakisoni m'mapewa. Ena amagwiritsanso ntchito m'chiuno ndi matako ngati malo opangira jakisoni, koma ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwalawo pang'onopang'ono momwe angathere.

Zokhudza zovuta komanso zoopsa zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa

Zotsatira za insulin ya mahomoni amagawika m'magulu atatu:

kagayidwe
anabolic
anti-catabolic.

Mphamvu ya kagayidwe kazinthuzi ndikuti imathandizira kuyamwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ma cell, kuphatikizapo glucose, imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen komanso kumachepetsa mphamvu ya glycogeneis.

Njira yotsirizayi ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa mahomoni amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amapangidwa m'chiwindi. Mphamvu ya anabulin ya insulin cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa mapuloteni a biosynthesis.

Chifukwa cha anabolic yake, insulin imasinthira glucose kukhala triglycerides. Nthawi ikayamba kuperewera kwa thupi m'thupi, machitidwe amapangidwa kuti pakhale mafuta.

Mphamvu ya anticatabolic ya mahomoni imachitika mbali ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Insulin imachepetsa kuchepa kwa mapuloteni ndipo imachepetsa kudya kwamafuta m'magazi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, njira yokhayo yomwe ingakhalire wathanzi, kusintha moyo wawo ndikuwonjezera nthawi yawo ndikumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin.

Ndikofunikira kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga adziwe: kuchuluka kwa insulin sikuyenera kuwerengedwa palokha. Magawo zana a insulin ndi mlingo woopsa.

Mwayi wopulumutsa moyo wa wodwala umakhala makamaka muzochitika pamene munthu ali ndi chidwi atatha kumwa insulin yayikulu. Nthawi imadutsa musanayambike chikomokere, komabe, ndizotheka kuthandiza wodwalayo pokhapokha ngati pali mwayi woti jekeseni wa magazi m'magazi ake nthawi yomweyo.

Asayansi ambiri aphunzira insulini mosamala, zotsatirapo zoyambitsa kuphatikizira kwa mahomoni m'thupi m'thupi. Akatswiri adatha kudziwa kuti mulingo wowopsa wa chinthu chomwe chafunsidwa ndi mayunitsi zana.

Ndizo kuchuluka izi komwe kumakhala ndi syringe yonse ya insulin. Komabe, mutha kupulumutsa wodwalayo ngakhale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri.

Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuti musawononge nthawi ndikulimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo. Monga lamulo, ngakhale wodwalayo yekha amatha kuchita izi, podziwika bwino.

Chikomokere chisanayambe, nthawi zambiri pamafunika maola ambiri kuti achitepo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa momwe shuga akupumira m'magazi, omwe amachotsa mphamvu ya insulin.

Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira thanzi lanu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, ena amayesetsa kuchita izi kuposa ena.

Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe akudwala matendawa amakakamizidwa kukhala moyo wocheperako.

Odwala otere ayenera kuwongolera zakudya zomwe amadya, nthawi yochuluka bwanji amasewera, komanso ambiri momwe akukhalira, kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino.

Ena a iwo, makamaka omwe amadalira insulin, amayenera kuwunika momwe amakhalira. Odwala oterowo amafunika pafupipafupi (kutengera nthawi ya tsiku komanso zochitika zina) kupanga jakisoni wa insulin (mahomoni opanga m'malo mwake omwe sangathe kudzipangira pawokha mu kuchuluka kofunikira kwa wodwala wa kapamba).

Kuthandizira m'malo motere kumatha kuchepetsa vuto komanso kuthandiza wodwalayo kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa insulin panthawi ndi muyeso yoyenera (malinga ndi nthawi zonse yoyikidwa ndi akatswiri).

Pa kukhazikitsa jakisoni adapanga mitundu ingapo ya zida zosavuta. Pakati pawo, syringe ya insulin, cholembera ndi pampu yapadera ndizodziwika.

Odziwika kwambiri lero ndi njira ziwiri zomaliza. Cholembera cha syringe ndichosavuta kuyigwira ndipo ndiyofunika kwa ana ang'ono omwe amafunika kubayira insulin okha.

Ndipo pampu, makamaka, imachotsera kufunika kopereka mankhwalawa ndi singano, yoyenera ambiri odwala.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kufunika kosamalira mosamala madokotala onse omwe akupatsidwa. Kuphwanya njira yothandizidwa ndi iye imakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa mlingo wovomerezeka ndikomwe kungayambitse imfa. Kuti mupewe zotsatira zosasangalatsa ngati izi, ndikofunikira kuti musanyalanyaze malangizo a dokotala ndipo musasinthe zomwe mwalandira.