Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga mwa akazi akamabadwa

Ndi ukalamba, thupi limasintha mosiyanasiyana, koma miyezo ya shuga imasintha pang'ono. Ngati tikufanizira zisonyezo za chizolowezi cha mayeso a shuga m'magome a abambo ndi amai mwa zaka, titha kuwona kuti palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Kukhazikika kwa miyezo ya shuga m'magazi (glycemia) kukufotokozedwa kuti glucose ndiye amathandizira kwambiri maselo, ndipo ogula kwambiri ndi ubongo, womwe umagwira ntchito mwa amayi ndi abambo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Pakatha zaka 45, azimayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira munthu kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kukhala moyo wongokhala.

Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa glycemia, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyang'ana magazi anu kuti asala kudya shuga kamodzi pachaka.

Ngati kuwunika kwadutsidwa kudutsa pamimba yopanda kanthu, mayeso owonjezera a magazi ndi mkodzo amamuikira shuga zomwe zimapezekamo.

Malinga ndi muyezo woyesera wodwala, ngati matenda a shuga akuwakayikira, magazi amawunika zomwe zili:

• kusala shuga
• glycemia p / w 2 patatha maola awiri atatha kumwa kanthu m'mimba opanda kanthu - shuga yolekerera,
• C-peptide pa nthawi ya mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga,
• glycated hemoglobin,
• fructosamine - mapuloteni a glycosylated (glycated).

Mitundu yonse yosanthula imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira popereka chithunzi chathunthu chazowopsa za kagayidwe kazachilengedwe mwa akazi.

Kusanthula kwa mapuloteni am'magazi a glycated (fructosamine) kumakupatsani mwayi wokhudzana ndi kuphwanya shuga m'magazi masabata awiri mpaka atatu.

Kuyesedwa kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kumathandizira pakuwunikanso mozama, zomwe zimatithandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a azimayi opita miyezi 3 - 4, kuchuluka kwake momwe zimasiyanirana ndi zofunikira.

Kuyesa kwa glucose, komwe kumachitika ndi kutsimikiza kwa C - peptide, kumakupatsani mwayi wokhazikika:

• kulolerana kwa shuga
• mapangidwe a shuga mwa mkazi,
• mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Mutha kuphunzira zambiri za njira zodziwira kuchuluka kwa glycemia pamasamba ena atsambali.

Chikhalidwe cha shuga mwa akazi

Mlingo wovomerezeka wamagazi mwa akazi kuyambira kubadwa mpaka ukalamba ndi wofanana ndipo ndi wabwinobwino kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / L.

Glycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu pambuyo pakugona kumawonjezera pang'ono ndi ukalamba. Kukula kwa shuga mukamadutsa mayeso pamimba yopanda kanthu sikusintha.

Tchati cha shuga chamagazi cha akazi(capillary) Ndi zaka pamimba yopanda kanthu

Shuga yofulumira imatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe kapena kuchokera kumtsempha, zisonyezo za kusanthula uku ndizosiyana pang'ono.

Miyezo yamasamba yodziyesera yokha magazi kuchokera kumunwe ndi glucometer ikuyenera kufanana ndi ya kusanthula kwamankhwala ngati gawo la magazi latengedwa kuchokera pachala.

Zotsatira zakuwunika pokonzekera mtundu wa venous ziyenera kukwera pang'ono. Kodi mzimayi azikhala ndi chiyani pamimba yopanda shuga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha akuwonetsedwa patebulopo.

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga pa kusala kudya kwa magazi muukalamba sikumathandiza nthawi yomweyo kudziwa kuyambika kwa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kupangika kwa shuga.

Pakatha zaka 30 - 40, azimayi, makamaka omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri m'chiuno, kutsogolera moyo wokhala pachiwopsezo, ndikofunika kuti aziwunika chaka chilichonse osati shuga yokhayo, komanso glycemia atatha kudya.

Mwa mayi wathanzi wazaka 60, kuchuluka kwa glycemia maola 2 atatha kudya sikuyenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L.

Pambuyo pa zaka 50-60, mitengo ya glycemic kwa akazi imakwera. Kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala m'magazi a amayi okalamba pambuyo pa chakudya cham'mawa 2, kumagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za mayeso a kulolera shuga.

Gomekusanthula miyezo ya shuga magazi pambuyo chakudya pambuyo 2 maola akazi

Glucometer yoyeza shuga wamagazi amkazi pambuyo chakudya chilichonse pambuyo pa maola 2 amayenera kufananizira zaka zomwe zili patebulopo ndipo osapitirira muyeso. Kuthekera kwa DM 2 ndikwambiri kwambiri ngati, mutatha kadzutsa, index ya glycemic ipambana 10 mmol / L.

Mkulu glycemia

Zomwe zimayambira kwambiri pakupatuka kwa shuga kuchokera ku chizolowezi ndi kukula kwa kudya kosatha kwa glycemia kapena mutatha kudya mwa amayi pambuyo pa zaka 40 akupanga kusalolera kwa shuga komanso matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin.

Izi zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya m'zaka zaposachedwa ndizochepa. Zizindikiro za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga zimatha kupezeka mwa azimayi azaka 30 zakubadwa ndipo poyamba zimawoneka ngati zopatuka pang'ono za shuga kuchokera pazobadwa pakukonzekera magazi poyesa chala.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa magazi kumayikidwa ngati pali zizindikiro:

• kuchuluka kukodza
• kunenepa kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa kudya pafupipafupi,
• kamwa yowuma
• ludzu
• kusintha kwa zosowa za chakudya,
• kukokana
• kufooka.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa zotsatira za kafukufuku wa shuga kumachitika m'matenda ena. Amatha kuyambitsa glycemia yayikulu:

• matenda a chiwindi
• matenda a kapamba,
• matenda a endocrine.

Zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimaposa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu azaka 30 - 40 zikhonza kutumikiridwa:

1. Kukonda zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma diuretics paichi
2. Kutenga njira zakulera za mahomoni
3. Kusuta
4. Hypodynamia

Mwa azimayi ochepera zaka 30, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin angayambitse shuga yambiri yamagazi. DM 1 ndi cholowa, chofanana kwambiri kwa abambo kuposa amayi, komanso zimapezekanso mu theka lofooka la umunthu.

Amayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amaphatikizapo matenda ashuga panthawi ya pakati. Matendawa amayambitsa machitidwe a autoimmune m'thupi lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana.

Otsutsa a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus:

• cytomegalovirus,
• Epstein-Barr,
• mumps
• rubella
• Coxsackie.

Mwa akazi, shuga 1, kuwonjezera pa shuga wambiri, amawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa thupi, kuposa matenda amtunduwu omwe amasiyana ndi shuga omwe amadalira insulin 2.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera, ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin kapena kuchepa kwake, koma kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku insulin. Nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna, mwa akazi mumakhala mankhwala a metabolic komanso mawonekedwe ofananirako:

• matenda oopsa
• kunenepa kwambiri - chiuno chokwanira kupitirira 88 masentimita molingana ndi muyezo waku America komanso kupitirira 80 masentimita molingana ndi miyezo ya ku Europe,
• LED 2.

Matenda a shuga a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin, amapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60. Kwakukulu, mavutowa amafotokozedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso moyo wawo.

Monga momwe deta yomwe ili patebulo la miyezo ya shuga m'magazi imawonetsera, kusintha kwamunthu mwazaka zambiri pambuyo pa zaka 60 kumasiyana pang'ono ndi momwe atsikana azaka zosakwana 30 zakubadwa amakhalira. Komabe, kusiyana kwazolimbitsa thupi komanso njira zopezera zakudya zamagulu awa ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Zachidziwikire, simuyenera kuyembekeza kuchokera kwa mayi wazaka 60 zofanana kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati msungwana. Koma kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuwongolera zakudya kungachepetse kwambiri matenda a shuga a 2.

Shuga wotsika

Kutsitsa shuga mpaka 2,5 mmol / l, wocheperako kuposa mulingo wamba, m'magazi mumapezeka azimayi omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe iyi:

• kudya zakudya
• matenda a impso
• kusowa kwa mahomoni a somatotropin, catecholamines, glucagon, glucocorticoids m'thupi,
• zotupa zopanga insulin.

Kupatuka kwa shuga m'magazi panjira yotsikira kumadziwika mwa azimayi omwe amakonda kwambiri zakudya zama mono, njala. Amayi achichepere amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chofuna kuchepetsa thupi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masewera, pokhapokha ngati amadya.

Pakusala kudya, pamene masitolo ogulitsa glucose m'magazi ndi chiwindi cha glycogen amatha, mapuloteni a minofu amayamba kusweka mpaka amino acid. Mwa izi, thupi limapanga glucose posala kudya kuti ipatse maselo mphamvu yofunikira yothandizira ntchito zofunika.

Osati minofu yamatumbo yokha yomwe ili ndi vuto lanjala, komanso minyewa yamtima. Horoni cortisol, mahomoni adrenal omwe amatulutsidwa nthawi zovuta.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati munthu akukumana ndi nkhawa, zomwe zimafunikira pakusala kudya, kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni a minofu kumathandizira, ndipo chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima chikuwonjezeka.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakalibe zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, mafuta osanjikiza adzakulirakulira, kufinya ziwalo zozungulira zamkati, kusokoneza njira zochulukirapo za metabolic mthupi.