Tsiku la Anthu Akuluakulu odwala matenda ashuga (Novembara 14)

Tsiku la Matenda Atsamba Padziko Lonse (mzilankhulo zina zodziwika za UN: Arab World Diabetes Day, Arabic. اليوم العالمي لمرضى السكري, Spanish Día Mundial de la Shuga, whale.世界 糖尿病 日, f. Journée mondiale du diabète) - tsikuli ndi chikumbutso chofunikira kwa anthu onse omwe akupita patsogolo kuti matendawa akuchulukirachulukira. World Diabetes Day idachitika koyamba ndi> International Diabetes Federation (en) ndi WHO (World Health Organisation) pa Novembara 14, 1991 kuti igwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe ka matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha ntchito za IDF, Tsiku la Anthu Atsikuli Padziko Lonse limafika anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga magulu a anthu odwala matenda ashuga m'mayiko 145 ndi cholinga chabwino chodziwitsa anthu za matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Popeza tafotokoza mutu wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga chaka chilichonse, IDF simalimbikitsa kuyesetsa kuchita zonse tsiku limodzi, koma amagawana ntchito chaka chonse.

Amakondwerera chaka chilichonse pa Novembara 14 - tsiku lomwe adasankha pozindikira zoyenerera za m'modzi wa omwe adachita insulini Frederick Bunting, wobadwa Novembara 14, 1891. Kuyambira 2007, chikondwerero cha United Nations. Adalengeza ndi UN General Assembly mu chisankho chapadera No. A / RES / 61/25 ya Disembala 20, 2006.

Chisankho cha General Assembly chikuyitanitsa mayiko mamembala a UN kuti apange mapulogalamu adziko lonse othana ndi matenda ashuga komanso kusamalira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mapulogalamuwa aziganizira zolinga za Millenium Development Goals.

Kufunika kwa mwambowu

Matenda a shuga ndi limodzi mwa matenda atatu omwe nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kulumala ndi kufa (atherosulinosis, khansa ndi matenda a shuga).

Malinga ndi WHO, matenda a shuga amawonjezereka kufa ndi anthu katatu ndipo amachepetsa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo.

Kufunika kwa vutoli kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matenda ashuga. Mpaka pano, milandu pafupifupi 200 miliyoni yalembedwa padziko lonse lapansi, koma kuchuluka kweniko kuli pafupifupi 2 times (anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osalala, osalandira mankhwala sawaganiziridwa). Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero zimachulukana chaka chilichonse m'maiko onse ndi 5 ... 7%, ndipo zimachulukanso zaka 12 ... 15. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwakuopsa kwambiri pamilandu kumabweretsa mkhalidwe wosavulaza.

Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumatha kuchitika zaka zilizonse ndipo kumatenga moyo. Kukonzekera kwa cholowa kumadziwika bwino, komabe, kuzindikira kwangozi kumadalira zochita za zinthu zambiri, zomwe kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusachita zolimbitsa thupi kukuwatsogolera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda a shuga 1 kapena osadalira insulini ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 kapena osadalira insulini. Kuchuluka kowopsa kwa chiwopsezo kumayenderana ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga, womwe umakhala woposa 85% ya milandu yonse.

Pa Januware 11, 1922, Bunting ndi Best woyamba adalowetsa insulin kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, Leonard Thompson - nthawi ya mankhwala a insulin idayamba - kupezeka kwa insulin kunali kopambana kwakukulu mu mankhwala a zana la 20 ndipo adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu 1923.

Mu Okutobala 1989, chilengezo cha Saint Vincent chokhudza kusintha kwa chisamaliro cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga chidakhazikitsidwa ndipo pulogalamu yakhazikitsidwe ku Europe idapangidwa. Mapulogalamu ofananawo amapezekanso m'maiko ambiri.

Miyoyo ya odwala idatha, adasiya kufa mwachindunji ndi matenda ashuga. Kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi kwatipangitsa kuti tiziyembekeza bwino kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Mbiri pang'ono

Tsiku la World Diabetes likufuna kukopa chidwi cha anthu osati za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga okha komanso matenda ena, zovuta zake, komanso chifukwa chakuti matendawa ayamba kudwala chaka chilichonse, aliyense wa ife akhoza kudwala. Ngakhale mkati mwa zaka za zana lomaliza, izi zinali zovuta. Umunthu unalibe mphamvu, chifukwa pakalibe mahomoni (insulin), omwe amatsimikizira kuti mayamwidwe mwachindunji ndi ziwalo ndi minofu, munthu amafa mwachangu komanso zowawa.

Tsiku labwino

Kusintha kwenikweni kunali tsiku lomwe kumayambiriro kwa 1922 wasayansi wachinyamata komanso wokonda kwambiri kuchokera ku Canada wotchedwa F. Bunting adapanga chisankho choyambirira ndipo adadzivulaza payekha chinthu chomwe sichimadziwika (hormone ya insulin) kwa mnyamata yemwe anali atamwalira nthawi imeneyo. Adadzakhala mpulumutsi osati mwana wamwamuna yekha amene adalandira jakisoni woyamba, koma popanda kukokomeza mtundu wonse wa anthu.

Zinadabwitsanso kuti, ngakhale panali chinthu chosangalatsa, chomwe sichimangotchukitsa Bonda padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kudziwika, angalandire zabwino ngati atayambitsa chinthu chake. M'malo mwake, adasinthitsa umwini wonse wa yunivesite ya zamankhwala ku Toronto, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka, kukonzekera kwa insulin kunali pamsika wamankhwala.

Popeza kuti matenda ashuga akadali matenda osachiritsika, chifukwa chopezeka wasayansi wabwino kwambiri, anthu apeza mwayi wothandizana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wonse.

Ndi chifukwa chake chinali 14.11 chomwe chinasankhidwa kukhala tsiku lomwe Tsiku la Anthu Olimbana ndi Matenda a Worldabetes, amakondwerera tsiku lomwelo pomwe F. Bunting yekha adabadwa. Uwu ndi gawo laling'ono kwa wasayansi weniweni komanso bambo wokhala ndi kalata yayikulu yopezera zomwe anapeza komanso mamiliyoni (ngati si mabiliyoni) amoyo opulumutsidwa.

Anachenjezedwa - okhala ndi zida

Tsiku la Anthu Akuluakulu odwala matenda ashuga ndi tsiku labwino komanso lopumira. Mukakumana ndi matendawa, mudzazindikira kuti simuli nokha, ndipo nthawi zonse mudzadziwa komwe mungatembenukire.

Chifukwa cha chidziwitso cha anthu ambiri, ndizotheka kuyang'ana kwambiri ndikuwuza anthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga, zizindikilo zake zoyambirira ndi ma aligorivimu ochitapo kanthu pamenepa. Palibe chosafunikira kwenikweni ndi ntchito yomwe madokotala amasamalira oyambira, chifukwa ndi kwa iwo kuti munthu amathetsa mavuto ake, ndipo, podziwa zomwe ayenera kulabadira komanso njira zoyambirira zakufufuzira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, ndizotheka kupulumutsa anthu ambiri.

Pomaliza

Tsiku la World Diabetes sikulipira mafashoni, koma chochitika chomwe cholinga chake ndi kupulumutsa anthu, kuwadziwitsa komanso kupereka chithandizo chonse kwa iwo omwe akudziwa bwino za matendawa. Pokhazikitsa phwando komanso kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, mutha kudziteteza ndi kuthandiza wokondedwa wanu.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukadzawona malonda m'chipatala, pachipatala ndi pazinthu zina pofotokozera za kuchuluka kwa shuga, musanyalanyaze izi, koma onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, zili mwa mphamvu ndi zokonda zanu osadikirira zochitika ngati izi, koma kudzipereka magazi nokha ndikugona mwamtendere!

Novembara 14, 2018 Tsiku la Anthu Omwe Akulumpi Ashuga

Tsiku la World Diabetes limachitika chaka chilichonse m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi pa Novembara 14, tsiku lobadwa la dotolo wa Canada komanso Frederick Bunting, yemwe pamodzi ndi dokotala Charles Best, adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pakupezeka mu 1922 kwa insulin, mankhwala opulumutsa moyo kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

World Diabetes Day idakhazikitsidwa ndi International Diabetes Federation (MDF) mothandizana ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) mchaka cha 1991 poyankha nkhawa za kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi. Kuyambira 2007, World Diabetes Day yakhala ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi United Nations (UN). Tsiku ili lidalengezedwa ndi UN General Assembly mu chisankho chapadera cha 2006.

Chizindikiro cha Tsiku la Matenda Atsikuli Padziko Lonse ndi mzere wabuluu. M'miyambo yambiri, bwalo limayimira moyo ndi thanzi, ndipo buluu limayimira thambo, lomwe limagwirizanitsa mayiko onse ndi mtundu wa mbendera ya UN. Bwalo lama buluu ndi chizindikiro padziko lonse lapansi chodziwitsa anthu za matenda ashuga, kutanthauza umodzi wa gulu la anthu ashuga padziko lonse polimbana ndi mliriwu.

Cholinga cha mwambowu ndi kuthandiza anthu kudziwa za matenda ashuga, komanso kuganizira za momwe angakhalire ndi matenda ashuga, koposa zonse momwe angapewere matendawa. Tsiku lino limakumbutsa anthu za vuto la matenda ashuga komanso kufunika kophatikiza zoyesayesa za mabungwe aboma ndi aboma, madotolo ndi odwala kuti athandizane.

Mutu wa Tsiku la odwala matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi Zaka za 2018 - 2019:

"Banja komanso matenda ashuga."

Izi zithandizira kukulitsa chidwi chokhudza kudwala kwa matenda ashuga kwa wodwala ndi banja lake, ndikulimbikitsa udindo wa banja popewa matenda ashuga ndi maphunziro, ndikulimbikitsa kuwunika anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Malinga ndi International Diabetes Federation, pali anthu pafupifupi 415 miliyoni azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 79 omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga padziko lapansi, ndipo theka la iwo sakudziwa za matendawo.

Malinga ndi WHO, opitilira 80% ya odwala matenda ashuga amakhala kumayiko otsika ndi ochepa. Pofika chaka cha 2030, matenda ashuga azikhala omwe akutsogolera anthu padziko lonse lapansi kufa.

Malinga ndi boma la State (Federal) la odwala matenda ashuga, kuyambira pa Disembala 31, 2017, boma la Russia lidalembetsa anthu 4.5 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (anthu mamiliyoni 4.3 mu 2016), pafupifupi 3% ya anthu aku Russia Federation, omwe 94% ali ndi matenda ashuga Mitundu iwiri, ndi 6% - mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, koma, poganiza kuti kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa matenda ashuga kupitilira anthu omwe amalembetsa maulendo atatu, ndikuyerekeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ku Russia aposa anthu 10 miliyoni.

Ku Russian Federation pazaka 15 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga chawonjezeka ndi anthu 2.3 miliyoni, odwala pafupifupi 365 patsiku, odwala 15 atsopano pa ola limodzi.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka pamene kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena ngati thupi silingagwiritse ntchito bwino insulin yomwe imapanga. Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Hyperglycemia (shuga m'magazi) ndi zotsatira zofala za shuga wosalamulirika, yemwe pakapita nthawi amabweretsa zowonongeka zambiri mthupi, makamaka mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi (retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetesic foot syndrome, macrovascular pathology.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umadalira insulini, unyamata kapena ubwana, womwe umadziwika ndi insulin yokwanira, kuyang'anira insulin tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu sizidziwika, chifukwa chake sizitha kupewedwa pakali pano.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 samadalira insulin, shuga ya akuluakulu, imayamba chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin ndi thupi. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chomanenepa kwambiri komanso samachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zizindikiro za matendawa sizitha kutchulidwa. Zotsatira zake, matendawa amatha kuzindikirika patatha zaka zingapo atayamba kutha, zovuta zitachitika. Mpaka posachedwapa, mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga unkawonedwa mwa akulu okha, koma pakadali pano umakhudza ana.

Padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba (GDM), omwe amayamba kapena amapezeka koyambirira kwa azimayi achichepere ali ndi pakati.

GDM ndiowopsa ku thanzi la amayi ndi ana. Mwa azimayi ambiri omwe ali ndi GDM, kukhala ndi pakati komanso kubereka kumachitika ndi zovuta, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulemera kwakukulu kwa makanda, ndi kubadwa kosavuta. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha azimayi omwe ali ndi GDM pambuyo pake amayamba kukhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2, omwe amachititsa zovuta zina. Kwambiri, GDM imapezeka pamankhwala prenatal.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali anthu athanzi omwe achepetsa kulolera kwa glucose (PTH) ndikulemetsa kusala kudya glucose (NGN), yomwe ili gawo lapakati pakati paubwinobwino komanso matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi PTH ndi NGN ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga kuyenera kuchitika m'magawo atatu: kuchuluka kwa anthu, gulu komanso aliyense payekhapayekha. Mwachidziwikire, kupewa kudera lonse sikungachitike kokha ndi magulu azaumoyo, kumafunikira mapulani apakati kuti athane ndi matendawa, kupanga magwiridwe antchito kuti akwaniritse ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi, kutenga nawo mbali kosiyanasiyana kwa mabungwe osiyanasiyana munjira iyi, kudziwitsa anthu onse, ndikuwathandiza Kupanga malo abwino, osakhala a diabetogenic.

Madokotala a chithandizo chochizira nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga (awa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa oopsa, dyslipidemia). Awa ndi madotolo omwe ayenera kukhala oyamba "kuwonetsa alamu" ndikuwongolera mtengo wotsika mtengo, koma wofunikira kwambiri kuti adziwe matenda ashuga - kudziwa msanga wa kusala kwamagazi. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirochi sichiyenera kupitirira 6.0 mmol / L m'magazi onse a capillary kapena 7.0 mmol / L mu plousma wamagazi. Ngati pali kukayikira kwa matenda ashuga, adokotala ayenera kutumiza wodwala kwa endocrinologist. Ngati wodwala ali ndi zoopsa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga (m'chiuno kupitirira masentimita 94 mwa amuna komanso kupitirira 80 masentimita mwa azimayi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kupitirira 140/90 mm Hg, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi pamtunda wa 5.0 mmol / L ndi magazi a triglycerides pamwamba 1.7 mmol / l, cholowa chokhudza matenda a shuga, ndi ena otero), dokotala amafunikanso kutumiza wodwala kwa endocrinologist.

Tsoka ilo, madokotala osamalira odwala nthawi zonse samakhala ndi chidwi chokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga komanso "kudumpha" kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, omwe amachititsa kuti odwala azilandira mochedwa komanso kuti mavuto ena asasinthe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso oyeza kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuphatikiza mayeso a zamankhwala anthu komanso mayeso othandizira kuti adziwe matenda omwe angayambitse matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa zovuta za shuga ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino. Mabanja onse amatha kudwala matenda a shuga chifukwa chake kuzindikira kwa zizindikilo, zizindikiritso ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda amtundu uliwonse wa shuga ndikofunikira kuthandiza kuzindikira matenda asanakwane.

Kuthandizira kwa mabanja pochiza matenda ashuga kumathandizira kwambiri kukonza thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti maphunziro apitilizidwe ndikuthandizira pakudziyang'anira pawokha azitha kupezeka kwa anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi mabanja awo kuti athe kuchepetsa zovuta zamatenda, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa moyo wabwino.

Umu ndi momwe zolinga zazikuluzikulu zampikisano zakalezi zinapangidwira, mogwirizana ndi malingaliro apadera apadera a UN pa matenda ashuga:

- limbikitsani maboma kukhazikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa mfundo zopewetsa ndikulamulira matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zake,

- kufalitsa zida zothandizira ntchito zamtundu komanso zandale zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zithetse komanso kupewa matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zake,

- zitsimikizireni zofunika kwambiri pakuphunzitsidwa popewa matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zake,

- Dziwitsani anthu kuzindikira zazowopsa za matenda ashuga ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti adziwe matendawa, komanso kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Mu 1978, Dutch Diabetes Association (DVN), bungwe loimira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ku Netherlands, adayamba kutulutsa ndalama ku Netherlands kuti zithandizire kafukufuku wa matenda ashuga ndikupanga gulu lapadera lofufuzira, Dutch Diabetes Foundation (DFN). DVN idasankha chovunda cha hummingbird m'njira yowoneka. Mbalameyi yakhala chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga njira zomwe asayansi angaziteteze ku matenda ndi zovuta.

Pambuyo pake, DVN idafotokozera kuti International Diabetes Federation imagwiritsanso ntchito chizindikiro - hummingbird. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, a Federation anali asanachite kafukufuku, adavomereza hummingbird ngati chizindikiro cha bungwe lake lapadziko lonse lapansi, lomwe limabweretsa pamodzi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwapatsa chisamaliro padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, mbalameyi, yomwe idasankhidwa ndi ma Dutch monga chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, lero ikuuluka m'maiko ambiri.

Mu 2011, IDF idayika tsiku la matenda ashuga kukhazikitsidwa kwa International Charter on the Ufulu ndi Ntchito Za Anthu Odwala. Chikalatacho cha Charter chimachirikiza ufulu wofunikira wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira, kukhala ndi mwayi wofanana wowerengera ndi kugwira ntchito, komanso amazindikira kuti ali ndi ntchito zina.

Matenda a shuga amachititsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha ya mtima, ubongo, miyendo, impso, retina, komwe kumayambitsa kukula kwa myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene, khungu ndi zina.

Malinga ndikuwonetseratu kwa World Health Organisation, m'zaka 10 zikubwerazi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga azichulukirapo kuposa 50% ngati satenga njira zachangu. Masiku ano, matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa chachinayi chotsogolera kumwalira msanga. Zaka khumi ndi zinayi zilizonse, kuchuluka kwa odwala kumawirikiza.

Malinga ndi International Diabetes Federation, mchaka cha 2008 chiwerengero cha odwala matendawa chidaposa anthu 246 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 6% ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 79, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2025 chiwerengero chawo chidzakwera mpaka 380 miliyoni, pomwe zaka makumi awiri zapitazo chiwerengero cha anthu adapezeka “Matenda a shuga” padziko lonse lapansi sanapitirire 30 miliyoni.

UN General Assembly pa Disembala 20, 2006, pofotokoza kuwopsa kwa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, inatengera chigamulo cha 61/2525, chomwe, pakati,, chinati: "Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, omwe angapangitse odwala kukhala okwera mtengo. Matenda a shuga amayambitsa zovuta zazikulu, zomwe zimadzetsa vuto lalikulu ku mabanja, mayiko komanso dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza zolinga za Millenium Development Goals. "

Malinga ndi izi, World Diabetes Day idadziwika kuti Tsiku la UN lomwe lili ndi logo yatsopano. Bwalo lama buluu limayimira umodzi ndi thanzi. M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, bwalo ndi chizindikiro cha moyo ndi thanzi. Mtundu wabuluu umayimira mitundu ya mbendera ya UN ndikuyimira thambo lomwe anthu onse padziko lapansi amalumikizana.

Mbiriyakale ya insulin

ndipo nkhani yolengedwa ndi wolemba mabuku wamkulu wa sayansi Herbert Wells wa bungwe la matenda ashuga la Great Britain adawerenga mu nkhani "Herbert Wells - wolemba nthano wa sayansi komanso woyambitsa Diabetes UK". Inde, anali a Herbert Wells, wolemba nthano za sayansi, wolemba buku la The War of the Worlds, The Invisible Man ndi The Time Machine, yemwe adaganiza zopanga chiyanjano cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndikukhala purezidenti wawo woyamba.