Gawo laling'ono la zida za endocrine za thupi - chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - limapezeka m'chiberekero cha chiberekero, pansi pa larynx. Pansi pa gland pali trachea. Ili nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha cartilage la dzina lomweli lomwe lidapezekapo. Morphologic, chithokomiro chimafanana ndi gulugufe, momwemonso akufanana ndi thupi la tizilombo, ndipo lobes ndi mapiko.

Maselo a follicular a gland amatulutsa mahomoni awiri: tetraiodothyronine kapena thyroxine (T4) ndi triiodothyronine (T3). Kuphatikizika kwa zovuta pa thupi la mahomoni a chithokomiro ndizosiyanasiyana: njira yokhazikika ya kagayidwe imatsimikizika, mkhalidwe wopanda chitetezo umakhudzidwa. Mwa zina mwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, palinso zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamanjenje ndi zochitika zapamwamba zamkati zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zam'mutu muubongo. Kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa ma excretory, kupuma, ndi mtima kumadalira chinsinsi cha mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Zadziwika kuti kaphatikizidwe ka vitamini A kamapangidwanso popanda kutenga mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Kuphatikiza pa T3 ndi T4, chithokomiro chimatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono, calcitonin, yomwe imayambitsa kusinthana kwa calcium m'thupi. Matenda a minyewa yotulutsa fupa, ma caries amakula ndi kutenga gawo la calcitonin m'magazi.

Miyezo ya mahormone imayendetsedwa poyankha ma sign kuchokera ku gituini

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimayendetsedwa ndi gawo la neurohumoral la gawo lapakati paubongo - hypothalamus. Kupanga TRH (mahomoni a thyrotropin-kumasula), imathandizira kubisalira kwa TSH ndi pituitary gland (timadzi tonunkhira ya chithokomiro), yomwe imathandizira kubisalira kwa T3 ndi T4.

Ntchito yayikulu ya chithokomiro

Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndimapangidwe a zinthu zogwira ntchito - mahomoni a chithokomiro omwe amawongolera njira zofunika kwambiri za metabolic m'thupi. Kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa chithokomiro kumapereka zomwe zili mu mahomoni opatsa chidwi a chithokomiro, thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine m'magazi mkati mwazinthu zonse, zomwe zimatchedwa.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro, monga enanso ambiri, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapuloteni ndipo satha ntchito. Thyroxine ndi yotere, imagwira ntchito ngati malo osungirako ziwonetsero. Analogue, triiodothyronine, ndi mphamvu yogwira yomwe imagwira ntchito mthupi. Thyroxine, ndikuyeretsa molekyu ya ayodini ndikudziimitsa yokha kuchokera ku puloteni, imalowa mu mawonekedwe ogwira - triiodothyronine.

Metabolism yayikulu yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro imaphatikizapo kupanga mphamvu yofunikira kuti tisunge njira zopangira ndi kutentha kwa thupi pakadalibe zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.

Anthu omwe akuyesera kuti achepetse kulemera popanda phindu samvetsa chifukwa chake akulephera. Ndipo chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri pamakhala vuto la mahomoni a chithokomiro. Zakudya zopanda ulamuliro zimatha kupha kapena kudwala matenda a chithokomiro. Kodi vuto la chithokomiro ndi chiyani?

Chithandizo chokwanira cha chithokomiro

Mkhalidwe wochepetsetsa wa chithokomiro umatchedwa hypothyroidism. Zimafotokozedwa kutengera gawo la chitukuko cha matenda. Kwanthawi yayitali, matendawa samadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse, i.e. mawonekedwe latent amadziwika. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi morphological amawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a myxedema, ngati ndi wamkulu. Odwala amadandaula za ulesi, kupanda chidwi, kufooka kwa minofu. Nthawi zambiri kudzimbidwa kumachitika. Tsitsi limakhala louma komanso lophimba. M'makhoma komanso nsidze zili pafupi kutuluka. Nkhope yake imakhala yozungulira, yotupa, yopindika. Matendawa akamakula, kuzungulira kumagwera lilime, khosi, miyendo. Kulankhula kumakhala kosamvetseka bwino.

Matenda omwe akutukuka amakhudza momwe mtima ndi mtima. Ma electrocardiogram a odwala omwe ali ndi myxedema amawulula bradycardia. Atherosulinosis imayamba, ikukhudza mizere yayikulu ya thupi - msempha wamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha. Pokhudzana ndi zovuta izi, odwala nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a mtima ofanana ndi mtundu wa angina pectoris, infarction ya myocardial.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro amathandizira kuyang'anira pafupifupi maselo onse m'thupi, kuphatikizapo ubongo, mtima, chiwindi, ndi ziwalo zina.

Mu mkodzo wa odwala, gawo lotsika la 17-hydroxycorticosteroids limadziwika, lomwe limawonetsa kuchepa kwa ntchito za adrenal cortex. Excretion wa mkodzo ndiwosakwanira, chifukwa chomwe kutupira (hydrophilicity) kwamisempha kumawonjezeka. Dera lomwe limadwala limakhala ndi amuna (erectile dysfunction eba) ndi akazi (amenorrhea, menorrhagia). Amayi oyembekezera amachotsa pang'onopang'ono matumbo osakwanira komanso kubereka mwana.

Mu ana, nthawi ya hypothyroidism imawonetsedwa ndikuwonetsa kuwonekera kwa cretinism, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuchepetsedwa kwakula m'maganizo ndi thupi, m'mimba mwa convex, hernias chifukwa chodzimbidwa nthawi zonse.

Hyperthyroidism

Mkhalidwe wowonjezereka wa mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi chithokomiro chotchedwa chithokomiro amatchedwa hyperthyroidism. Chithunzi chachipatala chimayamba mbali ina ndi hypothyroidism. Wodwalayo, ngakhale ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso kudya, akuonda. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wambiri patsiku kumawonjezeka. Pondapondayo imakhala yotayirira. Wodwala amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi. Kuchita thukuta kwambiri kumawonedwa. Chingwe cha kugona chimasokonekera. Electrocardiogram imawonetsa tachycardia. Kusinthaku kumasinthika msanga kuchoka pakukweza mtima ndikuyamba kukwiya ndikuyamba kulira. Kutengera ndi kuwopsa kwa nthendayi, kugwedezeka kwa chithokomiro kumayamba, kufalikira osati m'manja, komanso minyewa yonse. Kukakamiza kwa wodwala kumawonjezera systolic ndikuchepa diastolic. Mlingo wa exophthalmos (maso owonda) umakulirakulira ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa matendawa.

Popanda chithandizo cha hyperthyroidism, vuto la chithokomiro limayamba, lomwe limayamba kukhala ndere.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa estrogens ndi androgens, zomwe zimatsogolera kusintha kwake pakuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni achikazi - estrogens. Zotsatira zake, mwa amuna, hyperplasia ya m'mawere imapezeka. A kwambiri mawonekedwe a hyperthyroidism angayambitse kukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi mtundu wa fibrillation ya atria ndikupangitsa kulephera kwamtima.

Kwakukulu, Hyperthyroidism imakhudza azimayi a misinkhu yokhwima.

Dziwani njira zamatenda

Palibe zopinga zomwe zingabuke njira zamakono zofufuzira pophunzira ntchito za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Dokotala wa endocrinologist sangangofufuza wodwalayo ndi kutsegula paliponse, komanso amatumiza wodwalayo kuti akapitilizenso kupenda kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro komanso chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.

Ndi thyrotooticosis, matenda a nosological angafunike, omwe akuphatikizira kutsimikiza mtima.

Njira zodziwonera ngati zida ndi zida ziyenera kuphatikizaponso angiography, momwe mkhalidwe wamitsempha womwe umadyetsa chithokomiro umayesedwa. Zithunzi za X-ray zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa kupendekera ndikuchotsedwa kwa wachibale wazovuta za trachea. Ultrasound imazindikira kukula, kachulukidwe ndi magawo ena a mawonekedwe am'mutu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawulula mawonekedwe a isohlogenic. Thyreolymphography mwa njira yosiyaniranayi imawulula zomwe zakhudzidwa. Trepanobiopsy imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maphunziro a histological.

Mukamayang'ana momwe chithokomiro chimagwirira ntchito:

1. plasma cholesterol,
2. khalani popenda ma radioimmune
3. kafukufuku wama radiology wogwiritsa ntchito ayodini wa ayodini,
4. zoyeserera zantchito.

Chithokomiro ndi chiwalo chaching'ono komanso chokulirapo. Chimakhala kutsogolo ndi mbali ya trachea. Tizilombo ta chithokomiro ndi chofanana ndi gulugufe; mmalo mwake, ma loboti awiri omwe amalumikiza gawo latsopanoli amatha kusiyanitsidwa. Ngati palibe zopatuka pantchito yake, palibe zotupa, ndiye kuti pakhungu latha kupezeka paliponse.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndikupanga mahomoni angapo omwe amakhudza machitidwe omwe amafunikira pamoyo. Chiwerengero chawo chimayendetsedwa ndi pituitary gland. Imatha kupititsa patsogolo kapena kufooketsa kumasula kwa mahomoni m'mwazi. Kuphwanya kwa pituitary gland kumabweretsa mavuto ndi England.

Kodi chithokomiro chimatulutsa ma hormone otani?

Chithokomiro chotulutsa chithokomiro chimapanga timadzi totsatsira timene timalowa m'magazi:

Kalcitonin. Hormone iyi, mosiyana ndi ena, ilibe ayodini. Mlingo wa calcium ndi phosphorous m'magazi zimatengera kuchuluka kwake.

Thyroxine. Zinthu zomwe ndizomwe zimachokera zimatchedwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Thyroxine imakhudza kayendedwe ka metabolic, makamaka kukula ndi kukula m'thupi. Maselo aubongo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi okosijeni. Kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa timadzi timeneti kumayambitsa zovuta. Odwala omwe milingo yawo imaposa yachilendo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi myxedema. Kuperewera kwa thyroxine pamagawo oyamba a chitukuko cha thupi kumabweretsa ku cretinism. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthuchi chimagwirizana kwambiri ndikupanga mapuloteni.

Triiodothyronine. Thyroxine ikapangidwa, mahomoni awa amasulidwa. Koma mapangidwe ake mwanjira imeneyi amapezeka m'chiwindi ndi impso. Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chokhala ndi chithokomiro chimasungidwa pang'ono.

Ma hormone onse omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi amatenga nawo gawo mu zochita za metabolic mthupi la munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwadongosolo lina, kuphatikiza njira yamanjenje ndi yokugaya chakudya.

Udindo ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro England m'thupi la munthu. Zotsatira za matenda a shuga pa chithokomiro. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chikufunika? Kodi ntchito zake ndi chiyani mthupi la munthu? Nanga zimapezeka kuti?

Chithokomiro, thupi laling'ono

Chotupa cha chithokomiro cha munthu ndi chiwalo chopanda mphamvu chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa khosi, pamalo omwe ali ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Chiwalochi chimakhala ndi lobes ziwiri, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi pang'ono pang'ono.

Mawonekedwe a chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi pang'ono ngati zilembo Hump, pomwe m'munsi m'mphepete mulifupi komanso m'lifupi, apamwamba amakhala aatali komanso opapatiza. Pakalibe matenda, palpating (palpating) chiwalo ichi ndizosatheka. Chokhacho chomwe chitha kutsimikizidwa ndi malo osalala, opanda mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe.

Unyinji wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro mwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi pafupifupi 20 - 30 magalamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazitini zazikulu kwambiri zamkati zamkati. Kuyambira zaka zapakati pa 40 - 50, kulemera kwa chiwalo kumachepera, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwokhudzana ndi zaka.

Chithokomiro, thupi laling'ono

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi, monga gawo la katulutsidwe wamkati, chimapanga mahomoni awiri enieni: thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine, iliyonse yomwe imakhudza kwambiri kagayidwe kazachilengedwe komanso kagayidwe kake ka thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha ma cell omwe amatchedwa C-cell a disuse endocrine system, thupi limatulutsa calcitonin, cholembera cha calcium metabolism, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri mafupa ndi cartilage.

Mwa njira yofananira ya kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a chithokomiro, ayodini ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Izi sizipezeka muzakudya zonse. Iodine yambiri ya bioavava imapezeka mu nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi ndi mchere wa iodized.

Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro amafuna amino acid - tyrosine. Popanda iyo, kaphatikizidwe ka thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine adzakhudzidwa kwambiri, ngakhale pakalibe vuto la ayodini.

Kuwongolera kwa ntchito ya chiwalo chofunikirachi kumachitika kudzera mu malingaliro kudzera pakayendetsedwe ka dongosolo la hypothalamic-pituitary. Mukalembetsa kuchuluka kwa thyroxine kapena triiodothyronine wa chithokomiro, chizindikiritso chimatumizidwa kuti chichepetse kuchuluka kwa ntchito yopanga timadzi ta munthu ndipo thupi limatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono.

Kodi chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito yanji?

Mu thupi laumunthu, mwina, mulibe maselo omwe ntchito zawo zitha kuwonedwa padera pa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Mphamvu yake imakhala yotakata komanso yosiyanasiyana ndipo imachokera ku ma cell a enamel ndi dentin kupita kuntchito ya mtima wamanjenje ndi mtima.

Zowononga mphamvu kagayidwe

Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro, kapangidwe ka ATP, depot yamphamvu konsekonse, kwachitika mwachangu. Kapangidwe kameneka kafunika michere yambiri kapena mafuta.

Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, odwala amakhala otopa, ozizira, kugona, komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Ngati matendawa adapezeka mwana akadali wakhanda, makanda amayamba kutsalira pomakula, mwamisala komanso thupi.

Zotsatira zaabolism

Kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kamene kamapanga gawo lalikulu la kagayidwe kazakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta ndi mafuta, zimachitika mokwanira pokhapokha chifukwa cha mphamvu ya thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine.

Ndi kuchepa kwa izi zowongolera zamphamvuzi, kuthekera kudya glucose ndi zotumphukira za minofu kumachepa, zomwe zimakhudza kulolerana kwa zovuta zam'mimba, mwayi wa lipolysis umachepa, womwe ungayambitse kunenepa kwambiri, amino acid synthesis reaction imasokonekera, yomwe ingathetse maulalo ambiri paziphatikizidwe zamapulasitiki.

Kuwongolera kwa mtima

Ma mahomoni a chithokomiro amakhala olimbikitsa mu mtima. Mphamvu zawo zimachitika mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira kupanga zinthu.

Mwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi thyroxine triiodothyronine, mphamvu ndi kugunda kwa mtima zimawonjezeka, mamvekedwe a makoma amitsempha amawonjezereka, kutulutsa kwa mtima kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Ntchito za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chamunthu zilinso mu izi.

Malangizo amanjenje

Mchitidwe wamanjenje, monga mtima wamtima, umalandira mphamvu yolimbikitsira kudzera mu mahomoni a chithokomiro: imawonjezera mphamvu yokhazikika, imawonjezera malingaliro a munthu, imawonjezera kukumbukira, ndi zina zotero.

Muubwana, kuperewera kwa chithokomiro kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kumatha kuyambitsa kuchedwa, komwe sikungathandize mwana kukula bwino komanso kulandira maphunziro oyenera.

Kukula ndi Kutukula Mphamvu

Izi zimawonekera kwambiri paubwana. Kukula mwachizolowezi kwamafupa, cartilage ya cholumikizira komanso minofu yam'mimba ndikotheka pokhapokha pakuchepa kwa mahomoni a thyroxine ndi mahomoni ena a chithokomiro.

Pathology ya chithokomiro England imatsogolera mosawoneka bwino kwambiri m'thupi. Komabe, mankhwala amakono amadziwa bwino za mankhwalawa, omwe amalola kuti moyo wa wodwala ukhale wokhutiritsa komanso kuwongolera kwamtsogolo.

Udindo wapadera m'thupi la munthu umapatsidwa kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.Kapangidwe kakang'ono kameneka, kamene kali pa khoma lakutsogolo la khosi, kamakhala ndi gulugufe, kamakhala ndi mabowo awiri ndipo pachimake, ngakhale kuli kakang'ono, kamagwira ntchito zambiri ndikuwongolera ntchito pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe.

Lero tiyesa kukuwuzani ntchito yomwe chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimagwira, chomwe chimayang'anira ndi momwe kusayera mu ntchito yake kumakhudzira momwe munthu alili.

Dongosolo LA DZIKO LAPANSI

Gwero la chithokomiro (chithokomiro England) ndi chiwalo chaching'ono cholemera 15-20 g, chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa khosi. Pamodzi ndi zotulutsa zina, zimalowa dongosolo la endocrine - machitidwe a ziwalo zopanga zinthu zofunikira - mahomoni . M'moyo wonse, mahomoni amatenga gawo lofunikira pafupifupi mu zochita zonse zomwe zimachitika mthupi lathu. Tizilombo tonse ta m'magazi a endocrine timayanjana kwambiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kuti ngakhale kusintha pang'ono pantchito ya chiwalo chimodzi, kusintha kumachitika mthupi lonse.

Mahomoni, omwe amatulutsidwa m'mitsempha ndi ma endocrine glands, amagwira ntchito pa minofu ndi ziwalo za thupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala kutali kwambiri kuchokera komwe zimapangidwira. Ntchito yayikulu yamahomoni ndi dongosolo lonse la endocrine ndikukhazikitsa homeostasis - mfundo zabwino za zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magazi, motero, machitidwe onse amachitika mthupi.

Tizilombo ta Endocrine timapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi. Chifukwa chake, gland pisitini ndi gawo la ubongo, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi parathyroid chili pakhosi, chithokomiro chili pachifuwa chapamwamba, tiziwalo ta adrenal ndi zikondamoyo zili m'malo obwezeretsanso, ma gonads, kapena gonads zili m'matumbo a pelvic. Kuphatikiza apo timadzi tambiri timene timapanga 50 timatulutsa ndipo timasungidwa m'magazi ndi zoterezi. "Wotsogolera" wa dongosolo lonse la endocrine ndi dongosolo la hypothalamic-pituitary .

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda amtundu wa endocrine amadziwika. Komabe, pafupifupi onse amatha kuphatikizidwa m'magulu akulu atatu. Chifukwa chake (1), ntchito ya gland ikhoza kuchepa , yomwe imayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi. Pankhani ya matenda a chithokomiro, tikulankhula za hypothyroidism ("hypo" amatanthauza kuchepa, pang'ono), ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Komabe (2), zochita za chithokomiro komanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatha kuchuluka . Ndi matenda a chithokomiro, tikulankhula chithokomiro - kuchuluka kwachulukidwe ka pathological pantchito ya chithokomiro. Ndipo pamapeto pake, matenda ambiri a endocrine komanso matenda ambiri a chithokomiro (3) amachitika popanda kusintha magwiridwe amtundu wa endocrine.

Mahomoni ambiri ali zolandila pama cell a "ziwalo" zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsimikiza kwa machitidwe a mahomoni amafotokozedwa ndikugwirizana kwawo kwakukulu kwa cholandirira. Mahomoni ambiri amayandikira ma receptor awo ngati "chinsinsi cha loko."

Zochita za endocrine glands zimayendetsedwa molingana ndi zosowa za thupi. Imachitidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma receptor omwe amapezeka m'maselo ambiri. Amagwira masinthidwe ang'onoang'ono m'magulu a zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magazi ndikufikitsa chizindikiro ku endocrine glands. Nawonso amasintha zomwe amachita kuti gawo lazinthu zoyamba ziyambiranso. Atafika pa mtengo wabwinowu, ntchito ya endocrine gland imabweleranso pamlingo wake wam'mbuyo. Malinga ndi mfundo iyi, thupi limayang'anira milingo ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamoyo wonse.

THYROID GLAND

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chili ndi mawonekedwe a gulugufe ndipo chimakhala pakhosi kutsogolo kwa trachea komanso pansi pa larynx. Muli ndi lobes ziwiri zolumikizidwa ndi isthmus. Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata komanso ochepa thupi amatha kuwona chithokomiro. Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimamveka mwa anthu ambiri, kupatula anthu omwe ali ndi minyewa ya khomo pachibelekeropo.

Minofu ya chithokomiro imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo omwe amapanga mahomoni.Ambiri mwa iwo ndi maselo omwe amatulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi - mahomoni a chithokomiro - thyroxine (T 4) ndi triiodothyronine (T 3). Omaliza adapeza mayina awo ndi kuchuluka kwamaatomu a ayodini m'mamolekyu awo.

Ntchito ya chithokomiro imayendetsedwa ndi hypothalamic-pituitary system. Mu hypothalamus, chinthu chomwe chimayang'anira zochitika za chithokomiro chimapangidwa - thyrotropin kumasula mahomoni (TWG). Hormone iyi, kulowa mu pituitary gland, imatsogolera pakupanga kwawo chithokomiro chotulutsa chithokomiro (TSH), yomwe imalimbikitsa zochitika za chithokomiro ndikupanga T 4 ndi T 3. Mwa awa, mahomoni akuluakulu ndi T 4. Kufika "ziwalo" zake momwemo, imasinthidwa kukhala T 3, yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji foni.

M'magazi, mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro amayanjana ndi mapuloteni onyamula komanso osagwira ntchito, pomwe gawo lochepa chabe la mahomoni limagwira ndipo limagwira ntchito zake. Mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo kulera, amathanso kukhudza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni onyamula m'magazi, ndi zina zambiri. pamlingo wamahomoni ogwirizana nawo. M'mbuyomu, posankha kuchuluka kwamahomoni, izi zimasokoneza zotsatira za maphunziro a mahomoni. Pakadali pano, monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni aulere m'magazi ndi komwe kumatsimikiziridwa.

Mtundu wina wa khungu mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro amatulutsa ndi kutulutsanso mahomoni ena m'magazi - calcitonin . Amagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza kuchuluka kwa calcium mthupi, chomwe ndi chida chachikulu chomangira mafupa, komanso chinthu chofunikira kuchititsa kusokonekera mu minyewa yamanjenje ndi minofu.

CHITSANZO CHA GUZANI WA THYROID MU ORGANISM

Ngakhale kukula kwa chithokomiro, mahomoni opangidwa momwemo amatenga nawo gawo pafupifupi thupi lonse. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukhazikika kagayidwe (kagayidwe) m'maselo a thupi. Ma mahomoni a chithokomiro amalimbikitsa kagayidwe kakang'ono m'maselo onse ndipo amayang'anira pafupifupi chilichonse mthupi - kupuma, kudya, kugona, kuyenda, komanso njira zamkati mwazinthu zamkati - kuyambira pamtima mpaka pakubala.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro amafunikira kukula bwino kwamalingaliro ndi thupi . Pamodzi ndi mahomoni okula omwe amapangidwa mu pituitary gland, ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mafupa azikhala bwino. Kuperewera kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro muubwana kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa thupi, ndipo kuchepa kwawo pakubala kumabweretsa kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana wosabadwa.

Mwa anthu athanzi, chithokomiro chimathandizidwanso kulimbitsa thupi . Ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ntchito yake imachulukana, mapangidwe a T 3 amawonjezeka, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa metabolic mthupi. M'malo mwake, ndikusowa zakudya m'thupi, ntchito ya chithokomiro imachepa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa metabolism.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro amatenga nawo gawo malamulo amchere amchere m'maphunziro a ena mavitamini (mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a vitamini A m'chiwindi), komanso pakukhazikitsa ntchito ya mahomoni ena mthupi. Mwachitsanzo, popanda mahomoni a chithokomiro, mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kukula kwa mahomoni ku ubongo ndi osatheka.

Udindo wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro pachitukuko chabwinobwino cha tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana mwa akazi chimatsimikiziridwa. Chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakugwira chitetezo chathupi. Mahomoni ake amalimbikitsa maselo chitetezo cha m'thupi, chotchedwa T cell, chomwe thupi limalimbana nacho matenda. Amaganiziridwa kuti kusintha kwa chithokomiro kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa thupi.

KUPIRIRA KOPANDA

Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chithokomiro amakhala ndi gogit - chiwonjezeko cha ziwalo chimakhala chokwera kuposa zoyenera zovomerezeka (kuchuluka kwa abambo ndi 9 - 25 ml, mwa akazi - 9-18 ml, amatha kutsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound). Nthawi zambiri, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimachulukirachulukira muunyamata, nthawi yapakati komanso ngakhale kusiya kusamba.Kutengera ngati chiwalo chonse kapena gawo lake lakulitsa, zimasiyanitsidwa sokoneza kapena wodandaula Goiter. Izi ndi zina mwa matenda omwe amatengedwa ndi chitukuko cha tsekwe:

• endemic (tumizani euthyroid) Goiter - matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa ayodini m'chilengedwe
• kuperekera poyizoni poyipa (matenda a Graves-Bazedov) - matenda omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya chithokomiro
• chithokomiro (chotupa cha chithokomiro) Hashimoto - matenda otchedwa autoimmune, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chizikhala chosakwanira
• Goiter mukumwa mankhwala a thyreostatic (tiamazole, etc.), zowonjezera zina za zakudya ndi mavitamini
• chithokomiro adenoma - chotupa chithokomiro
• khansa ya chithokomiro - chotupa chithokomiro

Chithokomiro - zambiri

Gland ya chithokomiro ili kutsogolo kwa khosi (pang'ono pansi pa apulo ya Adamu). Chitsulo chimalemera pafupifupi 18 g ndipo chimafanana ndi gulugufe. M'mbuyo mwa chithokomiro chotere pali trachea, yomwe chithokomiro chake chimakhala, ndikuchiphimba pang'ono. Pamwambapo ndi chithokomiro.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi chiwalo chofewa komanso chofewa chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kuwona palpation, komabe, ngakhale kutuphuka pang'ono kumakhala kosavuta kuwoneka ndipo kumawoneka ndi maliseche. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kumatengera zinthu zambiri - makamaka, pa kuchuluka kwa ayodini yemwe amalowa mthupi.

Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu amatenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi vuto la chithokomiro:

• Pathologies omwe amagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa mahomoni (hypothyroidism),
• Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni (hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis).

Kuperewera kwa ayodini kumadera ena kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa goster - chotupa cha chithokomiro.
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa chithokomiro chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini m'madzi ndi chakudya.

Kuwona magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolembera. Pali mayeso omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone molondola kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro

Ngati chithokomiro England ndichopanga cha orchestra chosawoneka m'thupi, ndiye kuti mahomoni ake ndi timitengo ta conductor. Gomo la chithokomiro limapanga calcitonin, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3).

Kodi mahomoni amakhudza bwanji?

• Mulingo wa metabolism
• Mtima ndi mitsempha yonse yamagazi
• Ziwalo zopumira
• Minofu ya m'mafupa
• Impso
• Ubongo
• Njira yobereka
• Kupanga kwa magazi.

T3 ndi T4 zimapangitsa kuti maselo amthupi atengeke kwambiri ndi adrenaline ndi ma catecholamines ena. Momwemo, imathandizira kagayidwe kazinthu ndikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa mpweya. Kulakalaka kumka, koma thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri - ndipo munthu amachepetsa thupi.

Pazifukwa zomwezo, kugunda kwa mtima kumathandizira, mitsempha yamagazi imayamba ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera mwa iwo. Mlingo wa kupuma umathandizanso.

Kutsitsa cholesterol ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zamahomoni a chithokomiro. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis komanso zimateteza ku zovuta zamitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima.

Kuphatikizika kwina kwa T3 ndi T4 ndikofunikira kuti mahomoni okula pituitary akwaniritse ntchito yake yolimbikitsa kukula kwa mwana. Komanso mahomoniwa amathandizira kapangidwe kake.

Madzi a chithokomiro amathandizanso kuti magazi azichoka m'thupi, motero amapereka anti-edematous.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro T3 ndi T4 amalimbikitsa njira mu ubongo, omwe amasintha malingaliro ndi kukumbukira, kuthamanga kwa kuganiza komanso amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mitsempha kwa ana. Asanabadwe, ntchito ya mahomoni a chithokomiro ndikupangitsa kukhazikika kwa mitsempha, yamkati komanso yopuma.

Madzi a chithokomiro amatithandizanso kuti kubereka kubereka komanso kuthandizira njira yofananira ya kubereka. Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwake, ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chiwonetsero imachuluka, ndipo theka lachiwiri limachepa.Zovuta za mahomoni a chithokomiro pakukula kwa tiziwalo ta mammary ndi ntchito yawo pakatha nthawi yotsimikiziridwa.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, mahomoniwa amathandizira kupanga maselo ofiira am'magazi mu hematopoietic gawo la m'mafupa.

Kalcitonin

Ntchito ya ma calcitonin motsogozana ndi calcium kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'mafupa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafupa a ana akule, ndipo akuluakulu amateteza ku mafupa. Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) imachulukana ndi ma fractures kotero kuti ntchito yobadwanso mwatsopano ithe. Ngakhale ma caries wamba amatha kupezeka chifukwa chosakwanira kaphatikizidwe ndi chithokomiro.

Hemoniyo imatsitsanso kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi, koma mawonekedwe ake abwinobwino amayang'anira zochitika za minofu yonse kupatula: kupuma ndi mtima mpaka chigaza, komwe kumayendetsa miyendo. Ngati mulingo wa calcium m'magazi usokonezeka, ndiye kuti kukokana kumachitika m'matumbo onse, kuphatikiza minofu yopuma, kapena, m'malo mwake, kufooka kwawo kovuta. Zonse ziwiri zimatha kutsata.

Ndikusowa kwambiri kwa calcitonin, kuchuluka kwa calcium kumawonjezeka kwambiri kotero kuti kumayamba kuyikidwako machitidwe a ma calcitonates mthupi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka impso ndi minofu yofewa, yochepa kwambiri m'chiwindi. Osteoporosis imayamba pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda achilendo omwe amapezeka ndimavuto ang'onoang'ono ndipo amakula limodzi molakwika ngati matenda oyambitsidwa samachiritsidwa.

Matenda a chithokomiro

Ndi mwambo kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya kukanika kwa chithokomiro: kuchepa komanso kuchuluka, motero, hyper- ndi hypothyroidism. Ndikofunikira pamene kulephera kwa mahomoni kunayamba. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuchepa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (hypothyroidism) mwa munthu kuyambira ubwana, ndiye kuti uku ndi kutanthauzika, ndipo ngati mukukula - myxedema.

Kulemera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi hypothyroidism (ntchito yotsika) kumakulitsidwa, ndipo ndizosatheka kuutaya popanda chithandizo cha matenda oyambitsidwa. Maso ali otsekeka pang'ono, khungu limatupa, wodwalayo mwiniyo ndiwowopsa, wopanda. Mu ana, kukula kwa neuropsychic kumalepheretsa, koma mwanjira zina zizindikiro ndizofanana - izi ndi cretinism.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism (ntchito yowonjezereka) amawoneka kwambiri wazizindikiro: wowonda, mikono imagwedezeka bwino, maso atseguka. Wodwalayo amakhala wamanjenje, wosachedwa kukwiya, kusintha kwake mosachedwa komanso mosayembekezereka.

Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizophwanya kale ntchito za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kochepa mu zochita za thupi kumawonedwa. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro monga: kumeta tsitsi, misomali, kusuntha khungu, kusintha kosinthika kwa mawonekedwe ... Palibe zachindunji. Vutoli limafanana kwambiri ndi hypovitaminosis wamba, koma limapezeka m'matumbo athu nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini, selenium kapena mawonekedwe obadwa nawo.

Ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la munthu imatengera zinthu zambiri ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhudzidwa ndikuwongolera njira zambiri, imayendetsa chitukuko chamthupi komanso m'maganizo. Kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro sikungotengera mahomoni opangidwa ndi iye, komanso pazinthu zina zakunja ndi zamkati. Ndi kupatuka kwachilendo kwa mahomoni, momwe zinthu zambiri zimakhalira, zimagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zonse.

Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mapangidwe a chithokomiro, mahomoni omwe amatulutsa, komanso za matenda omwe angachitike ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la munthu.

Gland ya chithokomiro ndimagulu a endocrine, imakhala kutsogolo kwa khosi, pamlingo wa 5-7 khomo lachiberekero, kutsogolo kwa larynx ndi trachea. Kulemera kwa ndulu mwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 30-40 g, koma mwa akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono, ndipo panthawi yakusamba imatha kusintha kukula pang'ono.

Mukatha kutha msonkho, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimakula msanga ndipo pofika zaka 19-22, kulemera kwake kumawonjezeka maulendo 20. Ndi matenda ambiri, kukula kwa chithokomiro kumachulukana kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kumvekeka mosavuta ndi manja anu.

Gland imayimiriridwa ndi magawo awiri - kumanzere ndi kumanja, kulumikizana wina ndi mzake pogwiritsa ntchito sethmus. Kuchokera pachilumbacho kapena ku imodzi ya malo okhala, gawo la piramidi limachoka.

Chithokomiro chimakutidwa ndi kapisozi kakakulu, komwe trabeculae imachoka, ndikuigawa m'magawo awiri. Zigawozi zimayimiriridwa ndi ma ma secs angapo - ma follicles, omwe makhoma ake mkati mwake amaphimbidwa ndi maselo a epithelial follicular omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a cubic. Mkati mwa follicles mumadzaza ndi viscous misa - colloid yokhala ndi mahomoni.

Ntchito Zochita

Tonse aife timakhala ndi lingaliro loti chiwalo ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - ntchito m'thupi mu gawo ili la thupi zimalumikizana ndikupanga mahomoni. Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimapanga mahomoni monga triiodothyronine ndi calcitonin.

Thyroxine (T4) ndi triiodothyronine (T3) amapangidwa pokhapokha ngati pali ayodini wokwanira m'thupi. Iodini imalowa m'thupi kuchokera kuzakudya, madzi ndi chilengedwe.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndimalo ogwidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za zovuta - kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito yake masiku onse zimatengera mahomoni otere:

1. Hormone ya thyroxine imaphatikizapo ma atomu 4 a ayodini, alibe ntchito inayake, koma imakhudza njira zambiri mthupi, kuphatikiza kukula, malingaliro ndi thupi, kukondoweza kwa mphamvu ya kagayidwe, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, ndi catabolism yamafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu.
2. Kodi chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito yanji ndi triiodothyronine? Hormone iyi, komanso T4, imakhala ndi ayodini, koma maatomu atatu okha. T3 imayang'anira kugunda kwa mtima, imayendetsa kusintha kwa kutentha mthupi, imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, imathandizira kupanga vitamini A, imayendetsa kagayidwe, komanso imakhudza kukula kwa thupi ndi chitukuko komanso magwiridwe antchito amanjenje.
3. Calcitonin - mosiyana ndi mahomoni am'mbuyomu, samadalira ayodini, ndi mahomoni a peptide omwe amapezeka ndi 32 amino acid. Imayang'anira kagayidwe ka phosphorous ndi calcium, kuwasunga pamlingo wofunikira ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yam'mafupa. Tcherani khutu! Calcitonin ndi chizindikiro chotupa cha khansa ya chithokomiro, ndipo mitengo yake ikachulukanso zimawonetsa matenda oopsa.

Monga momwe tikuwonera, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, chifukwa cha ma mahomoni opangidwa, chimayendetsa bwino ubongo, chapakati komanso zamadzimadzi zotulutsa, ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya machitidwe amanjenje, kukulitsa chisangalalo, kutengeka mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, kuchuluka kwa kupuma, thukuta komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya m'mimba.

Matenda akuluakulu a chithokomiro komanso njira zowonekera

Ndi pafupipafupi a endocrine pathologies, zotupa za chithokomiro zili pamalo achiwiri. Monga tikudziwa, chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri - chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - ntchito ndi matenda ndizogwirizana mwachindunji. Ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa chithokomiro, njira zambiri zimatulukira, ndikuphatikizira zovuta kwambiri.

Zambiri mwa izo ndi:

1. - matenda omwe matendawa amakula. Zizindikiro zomwe zimayenderana ndi izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kwenikweni, matendawa amayambitsa exophthalmos, kunjenjemera, tachycardia, kuchuluka kwa mankhusu, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kuwonda.
2. Hypothyroidism - chikhalidwe chomwe ntchito ya chithokomiro chimachepa. Ndi matendawa, ulesi, kusayang'anira, kunenepa kwambiri, mawonekedwe a edema, kuchepa kumva ndi kuwona zimadziwika.
3. - matenda a autoimmune, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi vuto la chithokomiro komanso kuwonjezeka kwake.Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi matenda amtunduwu, zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism ndi hypothyroidism zimatha kuonedwa.
4. Goiter - kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa ndulu, komwe kumachitika mwa mutu, kupatula kapena kupukusa mutu. Komanso, goiter imatha kukhala limodzi ndi mahomoni abwinobwino kapena okwera kwambiri, hypothyroidism ndi yochepa kwambiri ndi goiter.

Sizikunena kuti matenda satuluka mwadzidzidzi. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana mwachindunji ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, koma zimakhudza.

Izi ndi monga:

• matenda opatsirana omwe alipo
• autoimmune pathologies,
• pafupipafupi matenda a bacteria ndi bacteria,
• zizolowezi zoipa
• zovuta zachilengedwe
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo obwera ndi mahomoni,
• kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa
• chithokomiro
• chidziwitso chowopsa cha chithokomiro kapena chotupa cha chithokomiro,
• kuperewera kwa minofu ya m'thupi la chithokomiro,
• akusowa kwa ayodini
• kubadwa kwatsopano kapena kukula kwa zonyansa,
• machitidwe atachotsedwa kwathunthu kapena kwathunthu kwa chithokomiro,
• radioactive ayodini mankhwala,
• ubongo ukuvulala.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi chithokomiro

Ntchito zake mthupi zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. England chithokomiro chimakhudza ntchito ya ziwalo zingapo:

• imapereka njira zama metabolism (metabolism),
• oyang'anira magwiridwe antchito,
• zogwirizana ndi zochitika zamanjenje,
• zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kotekisi yam'mimba,
• mtima wamtima zimadalira.

Ndikosavuta kudziwikitsa matenda a chithokomiro, chifukwa kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatha kudziwonetsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusabereka kosalekeza, ngakhale pazifukwa zamankhwala mkaziyo ndi wathanzi. Kapena neuralgia kapena matenda amisala, omwe kunalibe prerequisites.

Kulephera mu endocrine system kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Mwa achinyamata, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimakhudza kutha msinkhu, mu msambo wobereka - pa nthawi ndi nthawi ya msambo, komanso mu ukalamba - pa kusintha kwa msambo kwa akazi.

Ngati ma Horona osakhazikika, ndiye kuti izi zimabweretsa chisangalalo m'moyo wa munthu. Kupanga kwakukwanira kapena kowonjezera kwamahomoni sikumangokhala kokha ndipo sikubwerera mwadzidzidzi. Muyenera kudziwa zifukwa zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azichitira chipongwe.

Nthawi zambiri, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimachitika: kusowa kapena kuchulukitsa kwa kupanga kwa mahomoni. Izi zimabweretsa zisokonezo zazikulu mthupi. Mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi.

Matenda a chithokomiro

Mavuto onse omwe amapezeka ndikupanga mahomoni ndi chithokomiro cha m'magazi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Loyamba limaphatikizapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusakwanira kwa kutulutsa kwa mahomoni m'mwazi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa abnormality umatanthawuza kusokonezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa m'thupi, omwe amachititsa hyperthyroidism. Mothandizidwa ndi iye, kudzikundikira kwa poizoni m'thupi kumachitika. Hyperthyroidism yamtunduwu imadziwika monga.

Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda otsatirawa:

Pambuyo pochotsa chithokomiro, thupi limasiya kupanga mahomoni ofanana. Poti icho chikutha kukwaniritsa ntchito zake zoyambira, kuyang'anira kwa maphunziro angapo a thyreostatics, zovuta zokhudzana ndi kubereka, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kumayambitsanso.

Kuphwanya chithokomiro kumadziwonetsera mwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Chithunzi cha chipatala chimatengera zomwe wodwala ali nazo: hyperthyroidism kapena hypothyroidism. Kudziwitsa mwatsatanetsatane kungafotokozeredwe potengera zizindikiro zakunja muzochita za wodwalayo.

Kodi mwapeza cholakwika m'mawuwo? Sankhani ndi mawu pang'ono, kanikizani Ctrl + Lowani

Chifukwa chake, hyperthyroidism imawoneka ngati:

Kuchuluka kwa kuyenda komanso kudziletsa,

Kusintha kwachangu

Chiwerengero chambiri chomwe amayenda omwe wodwalayo amapanga

Kuthamanga mwachangu, kupumira mwachangu,

Maso osakhala bwino m'maso

Kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi,

Kukodza pafupipafupi,

Sclera yotuluka kuchokera ku iris kupita ku eyelid yapansi,

Kuthamanga kwa njira zonse zofunika mthupi.

Nawonso, hypothyroidism ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro izi:

Kuletsa kwa wodwala, ulesi, ulesi,

Kusowa kwa m'maso

Kulemera,

Ntchito zamagetsi,

Kugona tulo masana,

Pakamwa pakamwa podzuka,

Kuuma ndi kuwuma pakhungu,

Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi mwa okalamba odwala matenda oopsa.

Ntchito za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro zimazindikira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yokhudza thupi.

Ma hormone omwe amatulutsidwa ndi iwo amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri kuzonse.

Kusokonezeka kwa gland kumatha kuyambitsa njira zosasinthika, kuphatikizapo imfa.

Chachikulu kwambiri pazonse zomwe zilipo kutsogolo kwa khosi ndipo chili ndi ma lobes awiri ndi esthmus.

Kulemera kwake mwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala 15 mpaka 20 g.

Mwanjira yake, imafanana ndi gulugufe. Muli wathanzi, silikhala ndi zala ndipo siziwoneka pakumeza.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi gawo lozungulira kwambiri la thupi la munthu, limalowa mkati mwa magazi ndi mitsempha yambiri.

Shehe la gland ndi minofu yolumikizana, kapu yolumikizira iyo ndi larynx ndi trachea. Parenchyma imakhala ndi masamba ambiri okhala ndi mapuloteni amkati.

Maselo a Gland amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu, iwiri imatulutsa timadzi tofunikira kwambiri.

Mkati mwake mumakhala minofu yapadera yomwe imakweza chithokomiro, chomwe ndi ulusi wowerengeka wa minofu womwe umasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi.

Minofu yomwe imakweza chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimagwira pazotulutsa za chithokomiro ndipo chimakokera ku cartilage.

Ntchito ya mahomoni a chithokomiro

Udindo wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro cha thupi ndi chofunikira. Maselo a Gland pakufunika kwa thupi amagawika mitundu itatu.

Mtundu A maselo A, mahomoni awiri a chithokomiro amapangidwa kuchokera ku protein ya tyrosine pogwiritsa ntchito ayodini: thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine.
Thyroxine kapena T4 timadzi amatengedwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kukuwongolera kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe mu ma cell a cell.
2. Amagwirizanitsa amino acid.
3. Zimakhudza kukula kwa minofu yaumunthu.
4. Zimakhudza kakulidwe ndi kagwiridwe kokwanira ka kayendetsedwe ka thupi.

Triiodothyronine kapena T3 amapangidwa ang'onoang'ono, koma ali ndi zochulukirapo zochita.

M'magazi, mahomoni onse ali omangika komanso omasuka.

M'maselo a chithokomiro cha chithokomiro cha C, ma calcitonin ofunikanso bwino amapangidwa, omwe amakhudza kukonza kwa calcium m'mafupa.

Ndikusowa kwa mineral m'mafupa, calcitonin imayamba kuthamanga kukakamiza kwa magazi ake. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yake imalepheretsa chiwonongeko cha mafupa.

Ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa ntchito ya glandular, mphamvu ya calcitonin imatsika, ndipo mafupa amayamba kugwa.

Mahomoni a Iodini ndi chithokomiro

Mphamvu ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro pathupi imachitika ndi kutengapo gawo kwa chinthu choyambirira. Mphamvu ya ayodini pa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Ndi chithandizo chake chikuchitika, amakhala maziko awo. Imalowa mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kuchokera pagazi, ndipo imaponyedwa m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo.

Iodini samapangidwa ndi thupi, imalowa mkati mwake kuchokera kunja. Nthawi zonse munthu wamkulu ayenera kukhala osachepera 150 mcg.

Mwa amayi apakati, chizolowezi chowirikiza. Popanda ayodini, machitidwe onse aana sangathenso kukula bwino, zomwe zikuwoneka chifukwa cha kupukutika kapena kufooka kwa thupi.

Ndi zochulukirapo za I, iodism ikhoza kuyamba, mkhalidwe womwe minyewa yonse ya thupi imadzazidwa ndi microelement. Imadziwonetsa ngati zilonda pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu kapena kugunda kwa mtima.

Kapangidwe kake ka mahomoni a chithokomiro

Kuti apange mawonekedwe ake, mahomoni a chithokomiro ayenera kuchita izi:

1. Lumikizanani ndi mapuloteni apadera a mayendedwe.
2. Lowani mkati mwa ma cell a cell.
3. Zotsatira zolandirira zosankhidwa.

Ndikusowa kwa mtundu wogwira T3, kaphatikizidwe kake kamayamba kuchokera ku T4, ndikuphatikiza atomu imodzi ya ayodini.

Kuongolera kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a chithokomiro

Kuti mugwire ntchito yonse ya chithokomiro, timadzi tthupi ta "hormone" - TSH. Chiwalo cha endocrine chimalandira zizindikilo kuchokera ku ziwalo za thupi mwakufunikira kutumiza mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni olimbitsa mtima a chithokomiro, kapangidwe ka T3 ndi T4 m'matumbo a chithokomiro amakhudzidwa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi kukwera, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa TSH kumachepa, komanso mosemphanitsa.

Pozindikira matenda amtundu wa endocrine, Zizindikiro za pituitary gland ndizosafunanso kwenikweni monga kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Kodi mahomoni amatenga nawo mbali ziti?

Ntchito za chithokomiro England ndizotsatira zotsatirazi m'thupi la munthu:

• imayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi, ma protein,
• amatenga zamadzi-lipid kagayidwe,
• zimakhudza ntchito ya minofu ya mtima,
• zimakhudza matumbo,
• sinthana machitidwe
• amatenga nawo gawo pa ntchito ya gonads.

Ntchito yamafuta a chithokomiro amawonetsedwa mu njira zina za metabolic:

1. Kukula kwa maselo.
2. M'moyo wabwinobwino maselo.
3. Naturalization wa ntchito ya chitetezo cha m'thupi.
4. Zimakhudza kupanga ma enzyme.
5. Onetsani zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma germ apangidwe.
6. Tumizani mpweya m'maselo a cell.

Njira ya oxidation ndiyofunikira kwa thupi, popanda icho ilipo poizoni ndi zotayidwa komanso kufa kwa maselo.

Ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chatsopano

Ma mahomoni a chithokomiro atsimikizira kufunikira kwawo kwa chitukuko cha machitidwe onse a mwana panthawi ya embryonic, komanso mu neonatal nthawi.

Ngati thupi silikuyenda bwino ndi ntchito ya zinthu izi ku minofu, ndiye kuti kusintha kwina kwa mwana kumachitika:

1. Luntha likutsamira mpaka ku Chikhulupiriro.
2. Maonekedwe a kuchepa.
3. Kukula koletsedwa m'munda wa psyche.
4. Zofooka zathupi.
5. Lilime lotupa, kutupa.

Udindo komanso kufunikira kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la amayi oyembekezera ndikukula kwambiri: thupi limagwira ntchito kupereka mahomoni a chithokomiro cha zinthu ziwiri.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muwone ntchito ya chithokomiro mwa amayi apakati, komanso akhanda.

Hyperthyroidism ndi zizindikiro zake

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumawapangitsa kuti adye magazi a anthu. Itha kuwonetsedwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:

1. Zolemba poizoni.
2. Chotupa m'mimba chomwe chimasokoneza kapangidwe ka mahomoni.
3. Autoimmune chithokomiro kumayambiriro.

Zotsatira izi zitha kukhala mawonekedwe ake:

• ntchito
• mantha
• malungo
• tachycardia
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kukanika kwa minofu
• kuwonda.

Chofunikira kwambiri pa hyperthyroidism ndikuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, kamene kamatopetsa munthu.

Hypothyroidism ndi zizindikiro zake

Mlingo wocheperako wa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi kapena chitetezo chokwanira m'thupi la T3 ndi T4 zingayambitse hypothyroidism.
Zimawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya zotsatirazi:

• autoimmune goiter,
• matenda apakati
• zosokoneza mu pituitary gland.

Kutha kwathunthu kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kumachitika pambuyo pa chithokomiro chathunthu ndipo kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.

Zizindikiro za hypofunction ya gland ikhoza kukhala mawonekedwe awa:

• kupanda chidwi
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
• Kuyenda kwamtima pang'ono
• hypotension
• kusayenda bwino kwamatumbo
• kunenepa
• kuchepa kwamtima.

Zizindikirozi zimayambitsidwa ndikuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka metabolic chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwamahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi.

Kodi chithokomiro chimafunikira mavitamini otani?

Kuti chithokomiro chizigwira bwino ntchito, sikufunika ayodini wokha, koma mavitamini ndi michere ingapo yomwe ingapezeke motere:

Mavitamini a chithokomiro amatithandiza maselo a chithokomiro kuti apange mphamvu komanso kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu.
Choyamba, awa ndi mavitamini otsatirawa a chithokomiro:

1. A - imagwira ntchito ndi Vitamini E. Idzayambitsa kusinthika kwa maselo. Zokhala ndi kaloti, sipinachi.
2. E - imakhudza zochitika I. Ambiri opezeka m'chiwindi ndi mazira.
3. D - ndikusowa kumayambitsa hypothyroidism. Kuti muchotsere ndikofunikira kuti mutengere dzuwa.
4. B - imakhudza chiwindi, momwe kuphatikizira komaliza kwa T4 mpaka T3 kumachitikira. Imapezeka mu rye mkate ndi walnuts.

Kukopa kwa chithokomiro kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Selenium imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa enzyme system. Imapezeka m'miyendo ndi adyo. Kuchita mopambanitsa kumakhala koopsa monga kusowa kwake.
2. Copper imakhudza kuchuluka kwa T4 m'magazi. Zokhala ndi mtedza, zopangira tonde.
3. Zinc imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies mu autoimmune chithokomiro. M'mbewu dzungu ndi tchizi.

Pazifukwa zopewera komanso ndi ma pathologies - kuphwanya kulikonse kwa ntchito ya chithokomiro kumatengera njira yake pakudya.

Pali zakudya zamagulu onse a hypofunction komanso kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro.

Malo a chithokomiro

Kuti mupitilize kuganizira za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, muyenera kudziwa kaye komwe chili.

Mawonekedwe a chithokomiro ndikufanana ndi gulugufe, ndipo amakhala kutsogolo kwa khosi. Chiwalochi chimaperekedwa mokwanira ndi magazi, pomwe mahomoni amatulutsidwa m'magazi.

Glandi imapangidwa makamaka ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mwa iwo.

Kupezeka kwa gawo lina la mahomoni kumachitika mu mawonekedwe a colloid, ndipo iye, kwenikweni, amapezeka. Pofunikira, mahomoni ochokera ku colloid amatumizidwa ku magazi.

Zofunikira pakuchita bwino

Kuti magwiridwe antchito oyenera a thupi, choyambirira, ayodini ndiwofunikira, ngati sikokwanira, matenda osowa wa ayodini, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuwoneka.

Koma zimachitika kuti mavuto okhala ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro samawonekera konse chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini.

Kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, selenium ndi zinc sizili zofunikira. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo kapena kuponderezana.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi ntchito zake

Kodi mahomoni a chithokomiro amagwira ntchito yotani? Mahomoni a chithokomiro amagwira ntchito ngati olamulira a metabolic.

Kagayidwe konse m'thupi kumadalira mahomoni, ndipo ntchito yayikulu ndiyo metabolism.

Tiyeni tiyese kupereka tanthauzo lomveka la "metabolism" - awa ndi mphamvu yocheperako yomwe thupi la munthu liyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera popuma.

Mwachidule, iyi ndi kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimapita kukagwira ntchito zofunikira kwambiri.

Ngati tikulankhula za ntchito yamagalimoto, kapena zochitika zaubongo, ndiye kuti njirazi zimatenga mphamvu zowonjezereka zoperekedwa ndi njira zina.

Ma mahomoni a chithokomiro amachita kagayidwe kake kwakukulu, koma ngati pali zochulukirapo, zolakwika za thupi, mapuloteni komanso mafuta a metabolism zimavutika.

Izi ndizochulukirapo kwambiri, zomwe zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse kutengera ndi zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Mtengo wosinthana ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'ono, koma ndi zaka ukadali kuchepa.

Udindo wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la mkazi

Ngati tizingolankhula za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya ziwalo zamunthu, ndiye kuti ubongo, ziwalo zonse zamkati mwam'mimba, makamaka minofu, zimakhala zodula kwambiri.

Ndipo mafupa ndi minyewa ya adipose ali ndi njira yochepetsetsa ya metabolic.

Chifukwa chake, njirazi sizolimba kwambiri mwa akazi, ndipo zotsatirazi zimathandizira pa izi: azimayi amakhala ndi minofu yaying'ono mthupi, komanso mafuta ochulukirapo.

Zotsatira zake, azimayi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zoperewera zochepa pa metabolism yawo yayikulu.

Ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la mkazi, choyamba, ndimakhalidwe abwinobwino a mahomoni.

Pomaliza : chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimakhala malo otsogolera pakukula konse kwa thupi, kuyambira nthawi ya embryonic. Kukula kwaumunthu kumadalira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso mkhalidwe wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.

Chithokomiro mwa amuna

Udindo wa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la munthu ndimavomerezeka a mahomoni. Ndi zovuta zomwe zimachulukitsa mahomoni a chithokomiro, chifukwa cha izi zimawoneka kufooka, kusakwiya, nthawi zina kulemera kumachepera.

Ndi zovuta ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatha kuchepa kwambiri, ndipo njira za metabolic zimacheperanso nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha izi, khungu limayamba kuuma.

Kuchulukitsa kwa chithokomiro

Kafukufuku watsimikizira kuti odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi chithokomiro cha 20% mwina.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali ubale wosemphana. Ngati pali zovuta ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro pamaso pa matenda ashuga zimakhudza njira ina ya shuga.

Kaya muli ndi mavuto ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kapena ayi, simungamvetse popanda kupita kwa endocrinologist.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito zapadera m'thupi, ndipo mosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosamala mosavomerezeka nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa.

Kuzindikira koyenera kumathandizira kuyika

Chithokomiro

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuthanso ndi cyst ndi njira ya wowerengeka, mwachitsanzo mwa kutenga ziwopsezo za wakale ndi ma compress angapo.

Musaiwale za chinthu chofunikira monga chithokomiro. Ntchito yake ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa munthu. Kodi mwapezeka?

Thupi laumunthu limatha kugwira ntchito moyenera pokhazikika ndi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe. Kulumikizana komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mahomoni ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zinthu izi zimasungidwa ndi gland ya endocrine - ziwalo za endocrine. Iliyonse mahomoni amatenga gawo lofunikira mthupi la munthu.

Chithokomiro chimagwira ngati chida chogwira ntchito, chimasunga ma mahomoni angapo omwe amapereka homeostasis ya thupi. Kusokonezeka pantchito yake kumabweretsa matenda oopsa. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake, imagwira gawo lalikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi la munthu.

Kodi chithokomiro ndi chiyani?

Kuti mupite patsogolo ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo pa nthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuti mumayesedwe kuchokera kwa dokotala nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa chithokomiro chanu.

Pali Zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zikusonyeza kuti akuwonongeka ntchito yake:

• Zovuta zam'makutu: kutopa, kukhumudwa, chisoni, kukwiya, kusachedwa, mantha. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa serotonin m'magazi ndikuwononga machitidwe.
• Kuphwanya kwa thermoregulation. Ngati kuphatikiza kwama mahomoni kwambiri, ndiye kuti pamakhala kutentha thupi kwambiri ndi thukuta lomwe likuwonjezeka, ngati pakuchepa kwambiri, kuzizira kumazunzidwa. Pamodzi ndi izi, zizindikiro za kutentha zimasintha kwambiri, zimatha kutsika mpaka 35,5 kapena kukwera mpaka madigiri 38.
• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kulemera kwa thupi. Ngati pali hypothyroidism, kulemera kumawonjezeka kwambiri, apo ayi kuwonda kwambiri kumawonedwa.
• Matenda a dongosolo logaya chakudya, amaoneka ngati kudzimbidwa kopanda tanthauzo, kutsekemera, kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kutha kwa ndulu, kusakwanira katemera wa bile, kusayenda ndipo, chifukwa chake, mapangidwe amiyala.
• Mavuto amaso. Amatuluka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kutupa ndi kulowa kwa minofu ya diso kumawonedwa. Odwala amayamba kudandaula za kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, kuwopa kuwala, kuchepa.
• Ululu, kutupa, ndi kusasangalala pamene mukumeza m'khosi. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa kukula kwa mbeuyo.
• Mavuto azakugonana, amachepetsa mavuto a libido ndi potency mwa amuna, kulephera kwa msambo kwa akazi.
• Mavuto a ziwalo zamtima.
• Kupweteka pamutu kosatha, chizungulire, kukomoka, kuchepa mphamvu, ndi kufooka,
• Ululu m'matumbo, kufooka m'mafupa, kukulira kwa arthrosis ndi matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa calcium m'thupi komanso mapuloteni.

Zizindikiro zoterezi sizinganyalanyazidwe. Nthawi zambiri, amaonetsa matenda akulu omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimagwira gawo lofunikira mthupi la munthu. Kugwira kwake ntchito kumapangitsa mkhalidwe wa chitetezo chokwanira. Iye ndi chotchinga chotchinga, kutenga zilonda, zonse zakunja ndi thupi lomwe.Kugwira ntchito kwabwino kwa chithokomiro kumalimbikitsa kagayidwe koyenera. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi laumunthu limakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, ali mwana, ali ndi malingaliro omveka komanso otakasuka, ali ndi mtima wathanzi, ntchito ya ziwalo zake zonse ndi yopeka.

Kapangidwe ka chithokomiro

Chiwalochi chili kumapeto kwa trachea ndipo chili ndi malo awiri ogona, omwe amakhala mbali zonse ziwiri. Pakati pawo amalumikizidwa ndi kagulu kamtundu wa gulugufe. Kulemera kwa chithokomiro ndi magalamu 20. Ngakhale ndizochepa kwake, imagwira ntchito yabwino.

Koma ngati ntchito ya chithokomiro chodwala imalephera, kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zina za anthu kumachepa. Tizilombo ta tinyezi timatulutsa timasamba tating'ono tating'ono, timene timatchedwanso follicles. Amadziunjikira ayodini, yemwe pambuyo pake ndi madzi ndi chakudya amalowa m'thupi la munthu. Chilichonse chamoyo kumbuyo kwake chimakhala ndi tiziwalo ta parathyroid.

Momwe mungadziyimire payekha ngati ayodini akukwanira mthupi?

Kuti muyankhe funso lotere, muyenera kuthira gridi ya ayodini m'thupi. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi bulashi kapena macheto wokutidwa ndi thonje. Ukonde ukazimiririka patatha maola awiri ndikuyamba kukhala wosaoneka bwino, ndiye kuti thupi limasowa ayodini. Koma ngati patsiku lomwe gululi silitha, ndiye kuti zomwe zili mthupi lanu ndizabwinobwino kapenanso zochulukirapo.

Kodi chithokomiro chachepa?

Matendawa amatchedwa hypothyroidism. Amawonedwa pafupifupi 70% ya anthu. Koma ambiri aiwo sakayikira ngakhale izi. Kuda nkhawa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti madokotala, motsogozedwa ndi kusanthula koyenera, amatha kuphonya matendawa. Ngati hypothyroidism sichichiritsidwa, zimabweretsa zotsatira zosasintha zomwe zimawononga thanzi la munthu.

Kodi kuchepa kwa chithokomiro ndi chiyani? Uku ndi kufooka kwa thupi. Zimachitika pamene chithokomiro sichigwira ntchito ndikupanga mahomoni pansi pazovomerezeka, chifukwa chomwe metabolism imasokonekera.

Kodi zikuwonetsedwa bwanji?

Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa chithokomiro zimatha kuphatikizira:

• Kulemera kowonekera kwambiri chifukwa chakugwira ntchito pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa champhamvu zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kuperewera kwa mphamvu kwa thupi, komwe kumawoneka mwa kutopa kwambiri, kusachita chidwi, kusafuna kuchita kanthu, kulephera kukhazikika.
• Mkhalidwe wa munthu wagona tulo tulo tabwino.
• Kutopa kwam'thupi, kwakuthupi, kwakuthupi komanso zauzimu.
• Kusakwiya ndi tsankho kwa anthu.
• Mkangano ndi ena.
• Maonekedwe a ziphuphu kumaso, khungu lowuma komanso dazi.
• Kuchepetsa njira za metabolic.
• Kutsitsa kutentha kwa thupi.
• Kutentha kozizira, kuzizira.
• Kuwonetsera kulephera kwa mtima.
• Zosintha pamagazi.
• Kuluma ndikulira m'makutu, chizungulire chambiri.
• Kuchepetsa ntchito.
• Katundu wamanja amawapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi thukuta komanso kutupa.
• Ululu m'miyendo, mafupa, minofu ndi mafupa.
• Ziwengo
• Ululu pa msambo wa msambo mwa akazi, kuvuta kutenga pakati.
• Zovuta pakudya m'mawa.
• Njala madzulo.
• Kudzimbidwa, nseru.

Kuchepa kwa chithokomiro kumachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Munthu aliyense ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi matendawa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zizindikiritso sizitanthauza kuti ziwoneka nthawi yomweyo. Munthu aliyense ndi payekhapayekha, chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za matenda ndizosiyana kwa aliyense. Koma kuwona mosamala thanzi lanu ndi kupatuka kulikonse komwe kukuwoneka munthawi kukuthandizani kuzindikira matendawa ndikuyamba chithandizo.

Udindo ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro England m'thupi la munthu. Zotsatira za matenda a shuga pa chithokomiro. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Imapereka njira yoyenera yamachitidwe ambiri olimbitsa thupi, ndipo kuperewera kwake kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo.Ili ndi ayodini okwana 30 koposa m'magazi, lomwe limafotokoza za chiwopsezo chachikulu chogwira ntchito m'thupi.

Chotupa cha chithokomiro chili m'khosi, pang'ono pamwamba pa gawo la ma clavicles. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana omwe amafanana ndi gulugufe kapena zilembo "H". Malo ake awiri olumikizana ndi cholumikizira. Kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana mwa 18 ml mwa akazi ndi mpaka 25 ml mwa amuna, kulemera kwake kungakhale 12 mpaka 25 g. Thupi limathandizidwa ndi magazi, limadutsa pafupifupi ma buku ake asanu ndi atatu miniti imodzi. Kupereka kwa magazi kumachitika kudzera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'magulu awiriawiri ndi m'munsi, mitsempha yomwe imakhala pansi pa gland ndiyo imapangitsa magazi kutuluka.

Chochititsa chidwi. Mavuto ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro mwa amuna sichachilendo, pomwe mawonekedwe azizunguliro zazizilombo nthawi zambiri amatsogolera pakulephera kwa ntchito zake.

Chiwalo chamtunduwu cha endocrine chimakutidwa ndi minofu yolumikizana, yomwe pansi pake mumakhala zithunzi zosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa maselo osiyanasiyana kumalongosoledwa ndi kutulutsa ndi kusunga mahomoni nthawi yomweyo, osawaponyera m'magazi.

Ntchito yayikulu ya chithokomiro ndi kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni omwe amayambitsa kukula, kukulitsa, kukonza kutentha kwa thupi. Kuchulukitsa kwawo kumayendetsedwa ndi ma pituitary gland, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi hypothalamus. Onsewa amakhala pafupi ndi ubongo. Zinthu zitatuzi ndi gawo limodzi la machitidwe amodzi omwe amawongolera njira zina zonse ndi mkhalidwe wathupi lathunthu.

Mndandanda wa kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro mu akazi ndi amuna.

T4 (thyroxine)

Imodzi mwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Amapangidwa kuchokera kumagawo awiri: ayodini ndi tyrosine. Sichichita. Ntchito zazikulu:

• amalamula kagayidwe,
• imathandizira kapangidwe ka mapuloteni,
• amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe mavitamini,
• imathandizira njira ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni m'maselo aubongo,
• amachepetsa chilako
• Amakhala wathanzi
• amawongolera kukula ndi chitukuko.

Kwa mawu. Amayi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi T4 okonda kuwonda msanga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika njirayi kungayambitse mavuto azaumoyo.

Mlingo wa thyroxine ndi wofanana ndi amuna ndi akazi ochepera zaka 40. Paukalamba, kupanga kwake mwa akazi kumachepetsedwa. Nthawi yachitatu yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, pachimake pakupezeka kwake. The kuchuluka kwa thyroxine zimatengera nthawi ya tsiku ndi nthawi ya chaka. T4 imagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa komanso kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Febuwari.

Zifukwa zakuchulukira T4:

• bilirubin yayikulu,
• onenepa kwambiri
• matenda a chithokomiro
• matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika
• thyrotoxicosis,
• kumwa mankhwala ena.

Chikhalidwe cha mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Zizindikiro zake zowonjezereka nthawi zambiri zimatha kutsimikiziridwa kokha ndi zizindikiro: palpitations, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupweteka kwapafupipafupi, kutentha thupi kwakutali, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero, kuchuluka kwakudya, kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi, kugona tulo.

Kuperewera kwa Thyroxine ndikosowa kwambiri ndipo kumangochotsedwa. Pano, mankhwala okhala ndi T4, komanso kukonzekera kwa ayodini, ndi omwe amalembedwa.

T3 (triiodothyronine)

Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi metabolism yamphamvu, yomwe imathandizira kuyambitsa mitsempha. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwongolere kagayidwe kazakudya mu minofu yamafupa ndi mtima dongosolo.

Zifukwa zochepetsera T3:

• ayodini wambiri
• kuchotsera chakumwa chowopsa,
• mavuto amisala
• kusowa kwa mapuloteni muzakudya,
• hyperthyroidism
• adrenal kusowa
• kuchotsa kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro (kwathunthu kapena pang'ono),
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis (matenda a autoimmune).

Ndikofunikira. Kutsitsa T3 ndizowopsa kwambiri kuposa kutsika T4. Kuphatikiza apo, T3 yotsika ndiyomwe imakhala nyengo yachitatu ya mimba.

Zomwe zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa T3:

• onenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a chithokomiro, omwe nthawi zambiri amakula kwakanthawi koyamba
• chithokomiro
• HIV
• matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika
• achewa,
• kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni (kuphatikizapo njira zakulera za pakamwa).

Zindikirani Nthawi zambiri, polemba mayeso, kuzindikira kwaulere kwa mtundu wa T3 kumayikidwa. Triiodothyronine, kulowa m'magazi, amamangiriza mapuloteni onyamula gawo lofunikira la thupi. T3 iyi imatchedwa yofala. Horm yotsala (yopanda malire) imatchedwa yaulere. Mwakufanizira, thyroxine yaulere imapezeka.

Kulankhulana TTG, T3 ndi T4

TSH ndi timadzi tonunkhira ta chithokomiro tomwe timapanga. Imayang'anira kupanga T3 ndi T4. Nthawi zambiri, TSH yapamwamba imatanthauzira otsika T3 ndi T4. Thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine amalumikizidwa. Yoyamba ndiyo mahomoni a chithokomiro opangidwa kwambiri (90% ya okwanira) ndipo ali ndi ma atomu anayi a ayodini. Chimodzi mwazinthu zophatikizika ndi atomuyi chimakhala triiodothyronine.

Kwa mawu. Mtundu wa matenda umatsimikiziridwa ndi mulingo wa mahomoni onse atatu. Mwazi wambiri wa T3 ndi T4 umalepheretsa kupanga TSH.

TSH yapamwamba ndi chizindikiro cha kulephera mu endocrine system. Izi zitha kukhala kufooketsa ntchito za pituitary gland ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yotsirizira, gland ya pituitary imathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa TSH, ndikupangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa T3 ndi T4.

Mayeso a mahormone

Kuyesedwa kumayesedwa pakugwirizana ndi adokotala. Ndi iye amene amasankha mndandanda womwe umafunikira wamahomoni, nthawi ya mayeso, komanso njira zowonjezera zowunika (ultrasound, kuyezetsa magazi, kuyesa kwamikodzo, ndi zina zambiri). Kutengera ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, zimatsimikiza momwe mungachitire chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Zizindikiro poyesa:

• tachycardia
• mavuto obeleka
• libido otsika
• kusokoneza kwam'mimba,
• kugwedezeka miyendo,
• kusintha kwadzidzidzi
• kufooka
• Kukhumudwa
• kuwonongeka kwa tsitsi, khungu ndi misomali,
• onenepa kwambiri
• Kuchepa kwakukwana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Ndikofunikira. Zizindikiro za chithokomiro cholakwika mwa akazi ndizosamba komanso kusabereka, ndipo mwa amuna, kusabala.

Mitundu yayikulu ya kusanthula:

• T3 yaulere.
• T4 yaulere.
• Kalcitonin.
• Ma antibodies a thyroglobulin - ndiye chiopsezo cha ma antibodies ku protein yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga T3, T4 ndi TSH. Chiwerengero chawo chikuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwa ntchito za autoimmune system.
• Ma antibodies a chithokomiro peroxidase - kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies a ma enzymes. Ma antibodies othawa akapezeka, matenda a autoimmune amatha kupezeka.

Mwezi umodzi maphunziro asanachitike, ndikofunikira kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni, ndipo kwa masiku angapo - kukonzekera kwa ayodini. Muyenera kuyesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, chakudya chotsiriza sichiyenera kukhala koyambirira kwa maola 10 mayeso asanakwane. Kwa masiku angapo simungathe kumwa mowa, mafuta, zonunkhira komanso mchere. Mitundu ina isanachitike mayeso, tikulimbikitsidwa kupewa kupsinjika momwe tingathere, komanso kuti tisakhale amantha panthawi yopereka magazi pakuwunika.

Kumbukirani. Ngakhale kupsinjika pang'ono musanapereke magazi kwa mahomoni kungachulukitse kwambiri zotsatira za mayesowo.

Ntchito za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chomwe chikhalidwe chathu chimadalira

Ntchito ya chithokomiro yowonongeka m'thupi la munthu imalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa ayodini. Kwa anthu okhala mu metropolis, ndipo ngakhale wokhala kumadera akutali, vuto la ayodini limakhala chodabwitsa. Thupi lokha silingathe kupanga chinthuchi, liyenera kuchokera kunja.

Kuperewera kwa ayodini kumabweretsa matenda otchedwa hypothyroidism. Nthawi yomweyo, chitsulo chimakhala chosagwira ntchito, chimagwira ntchito "m'mitima yathu" ndipo titha kudziwa:

Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a chithokomiro, owerenga athu amalimbikitsa tiyi wa Monastic. Muli zitsamba 16 zothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a chithokomiro, komanso kuyeretsa thupi lonse.Kuchita bwino ndi chitetezo cha tiyi wa Monastiki kwatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza ndi kafukufuku wazachipatala komanso zaka zambiri zakuchitikira kwamankhwala. Malingaliro a madotolo. "

1. kumangokhala wotopa
2. kusadya bwino
3. kusowa kwazinthu
4. mavuto am'mutu
5. khungu lowuma ndi tsitsi,
6. kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
7. kupweteka mtima komanso kufupika.

Kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yake, gland imakakamizidwa kuti iwonjezeke kukula. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro zimakhudzana mwachindunji. Kuchulukitsa kwa England komwe kumachitika. Itha kukhala yopanda vuto ndikunyamula chilema chongodzikongoletsa khosi zikafunika kubisidwa pansi pazovala kapena makanga. Koma zimachitika kuti zimatsogolera pakupanga zotupa ndi maselo a khansa.

Iodini wambiri sikuthandizanso. Mahomoni enanso amapangidwa ndipo hyperthyroidism imachitika. Iron amakhala wakhama. Matenda a Bazedova amayamba. Zimatithandizanso kusintha m'thupi:

1. kukangana, kusangalala, kusakhazikika pamalingaliro,
2. kusokonekera ndi misozi,
3. thukuta kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa manja ndi thupi,
4. ndi chakudya chabwino, kuchepa thupi kumachitika.
5. phokoso lokwiyitsidwa, m'mimba,
6. kuthamanga kwa magazi
7. tachycardia (kulephera kwa mtima).

Chizindikiro choyamba chomwe chimayambitsa nkhawa ndichosintha mwadzidzidzi kulemera. Ndi hypothyroidism, ngakhale kuti alibe chakudya, kulemera kukukula mwachangu, chifukwa njira za metabolic zimachedwa. Ndi hyperthyroidism, kuchepa thupi kumachitika chifukwa cha chithokomiro.

Tsopano tikudziwa zomwe chithokomiro chogwira ntchito chimagwira, ndipo osapeputsa gawo lake pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo.

Kodi zakudya zimakhudza bwanji ntchito ya endocrine organ

Zambiri mwa zogonana zachilungamo zimangokhala ndi kulemera kwake. Ndipo ngati adayamba kusintha kuti awonjezeke, ndiye kuti "mkaziyo adya chakudya." Koma ngati kunenepa kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, ndiye kuti kuyesa kuchepetsa thupi sikungabweretse phindu, koma kuvulaza.

Kukakamiza kuchepetsa thupi pamapeto pake "kumatha" chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kumachepetsa thanzi komanso kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Ngati kulemera sikuchitika chifukwa chakuti mumadya zakudya zambiri kapena kusuntha pang'ono, ndiye kuti chochititsa chitha kukhala kusintha kwa mahomoni.

Ngakhale pakuchitika kwa matenda a chithokomiro, kudya kosalamulirika, kusiya kudya, kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi kumatha kudwalitsa matenda (kuphwanya kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni).

Vuto lina lalikulu la mahomoni lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Amayi amatembenukira kwa katswiri wa zam'mayi, mosamala amapita kukagwilitsidwe, kumwa mankhwala, koma mawere samadutsa. Kuchiza sikungathandize mpaka kuwongolera kwakumadzi kwakubwezeretsa.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimakhala ndi ayodini komanso zomwe zimadya tsiku ndi tsiku

Kufunika kwa ayodini tsiku lililonse kumadalira zaka:

• makanda amafuna 50 mcg.,
• kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka 6 - 90 mcg.,
• Kuchokera zaka 7 mpaka 12 - 120 mcg.,
• wachikulire akufunika 150 mcg.,
• amayi apakati ndi amayi oyamwitsa - 200 mcg.

Ndi hypothyroidism, chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku chamtunduwu chikhoza kukhala chokulirapo kangapo. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezera pa chakudya chomwe chili ndi ayodini, kukonzekera kwapadera kumayikidwa, komwe kumaphatikizapo mankhwala ake.

Kwa 1 / 10th ya m'mlengalenga ndi madzi amatha kupatsa thupi ayodini, thupi lonse limalandira chakudya. Chifukwa chake, kutsimikizika kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi zinthuzi.

Kuchuluka kwake kumapezeka m'madzi am'madzi: mumadzi am'nyanja, caviar, cod ndi tuna, mu shrimp ndi squid. Ngati zakudya zoterezi sizikupezeka kwa inu, ndiye idyani supimmons, curators zakuda, nkhaka, mbatata ndi adyo. Koma zomwe zili mu ayodini mu nsomba zam'madzi ndizambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ayodini wambiri, zakudya zake zimafunikanso kusintha. Pankhaniyi, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi ayodini zimapangidwa. Ndikofunika kuchotsa kabichi, kaloti, sipinachi, mapichesi ndi zina zambiri pazakudya.

Matenda a chithokomiro amakhudza 12% ya anthu padziko lapansi. 60% yaiwo sadziwa za matendawa. 40% ya anthu ali ndi vuto la ayodini. Manambalawa akunena zambiri. Yang'anani magazi a mahomoni, chifukwa matendawa amakhala osavuta kuteteza kuposa kuchiritsa.

Kodi zikuwonekerabe kuti kuchiritsa chithokomiro sikophweka?

Popeza kuti mukuwerenga nkhaniyi tsopano, titha kunena kuti matendawo sanakupatseni mtendere.

Mwinanso munaganizapo za opareshoni. Ndizachidziwikire, chifukwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri momwe thanzi lanu limadalira. Koma kupuma movutikira, kutopa nthawi zonse, kusakwiya komanso zizindikiro zina kumakulepheretsani kusangalala ndi moyo wanu.

Koma, muyenera kuvomereza, ndikulondola kwambiri kuchitira zomwe zimayambitsa, osati zotsatira zake. Tikupangira kuwerenga nkhani ya Irina Savenkova yokhudza momwe adakwanitsira kuchiritsa chithokomiro.

Kodi sichingadye chiyani ngati chinyezi chasokonekera?

Zoletsedwa pamilandu yonseyi ndi:

• mowa
• ankasuta nyama
• chakudya chofulumira
• maswiti okonzedwa.

Zogulitsa zoterezi zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, zimakhala zowopsa ndi hypo ndi hyperthyroidism.

Matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro sichachilendo masiku ano. Matenda a m'derali akuwonjezereka. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ntchito ya chithokomiro ndi kupanga mahomoni, kaphatikizidwe kamene kamakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zinthu zachilengedwe. Ma mahormoni amatenga gawo lalikulu m'machitidwe a moyo ndipo mwakuwonjezera kwawo kapena kuchepa kwawo, thupi limasiya kugwira ntchito ngati chinthu chogwirizana.

Gulu wooneka ngati gulugufe wokhala ndi mapiko ambiri otambalala kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono. Malo ake akumanja ndi kumanzere amalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wamba. Ndipo kulemera kwathunthu kwa gland kumangokhala 1520 g. Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi chiwalo cha endocrine chomwe ntchito zake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni.

Kumbuyo kwa tinthu timene timakhala ndi trachea ndipo "chithokomiro" chimalumikizidwa nacho, ndikuchiyika pang'ono. Ichi ndi chiwalo chofewa chomwe sichimawoneka ndipo chimangotchulidwa ndi palpation (palpation) ya khosi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro, popanga zomwe ayodini amafunikira.

Thupi limasowa mahomoni mwambiri mosawerengeka, koma kuchuluka kwake ndikofunikira muzinthu zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Zolemba zawo ziyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse.

Chithokomiro chimatulutsanso mahomoni otsatira:

• thyroxine (T4), yomwe ili ndi ma atomu 4 a ayodini,
• triiodothyronine (T3) wokhala ndi ma atomu 3 a ayodini,
• calcitonin, yomwe imayang'anira kupanga calcium, ndipo imayang'anira bwino.

Calcitonin imathandizira makamaka pakukula kwa mafupa. Kupangidwe kwa mafupa kumachitika mchikakamizo chake. Ngakhale ma caries amatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mahomoni awa. Mutha kumayendera mano nthawi zonse ndikutsuka mano mpaka kalekale, koma mpaka mlingo wa calcitonin ndi wabwinobwino, zonsezi sizithandiza.

Chithokomiro chotulutsa chithokomiro chimatulutsa timadzi tambiri T4. Imayenda ndi magazi kupita m'chiwindi, komwe imasinthidwa kukhala T3, yomwe imawonetsa ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya mahomoni.

Zokhudza matenda ashuga m'magazi a chithokomiro

Matenda a shuga, monga njira yokhazikika ya kagayidwe kachakudya, amachititsa kuti matendawa azitha kugwira ntchito. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, matenda a chithokomiro ali 1020% ochulukirapo.

• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Autoimmune (ndiye kuti, amayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zamkati) ma pathological a chithokomiro amapezeka mwa wodwala aliyense wachitatu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba.
• Ponena za anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu II, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la chithokomiro ulinso wokwera, makamaka ngati palibe njira zopewera zomwe zimatengedwa.

Pali ubale wosagwirizana: kukhalapo kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro (chomwe chinalipo m'thupi thupi lisanayambike matenda ashuga) zimakhudza kwambiri njira ya matenda ashuga.

Hypothyroidism mosasokoneza zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, ndi hyperthyroidism zotsatira za odwala matenda ashuga ndizowopsa kwambiri.

Kukhalapo kwa hyperthyroidism kumapangitsa kuti glucose iwonjezeke. Zimatha kubweretsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga okhwima. Kumbali ina, kukhalapo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, kumachulukitsa matenda a metabolism ndipo kumatha kukhala ngati chowonjezera pakukula kwa matenda a shuga.

Hyperthyroidism (zowonjezera mahomoni a chithokomiro) amalimbitsa zizindikiritso ndi mawonekedwe a shuga, popeza zimathandizira kagayidwe. Ndipo ngati machitidwe a metabolic adakhazikika panthawi yomwe amapangidwira matenda, izi zimapangitsa kukulitsa zomwe akudwala. M'malo mwake, matenda a shuga m'mikhalidwe iyi amapita patsogolo kangapo mwachangu.

Kuphatikiza kwa hyperthyroidism ndi matenda a shuga kungayambitse:

• Acidosis (kusintha kwachilengedwe m'thupi lokhala ndi acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi vuto la matenda ashuga),
• Kuwonongeka kwa michere ya mu mtima, kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa mtima.
• Matenda a minofu ya mafupa (mafupa ndi kuchepa kwa mafupa).

Thanzi lathanzi lathunthu limadwalanso - limafooketsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuwonetsera kwa hyperthyroidism kapena chithokomiro chokwanira.

Pomaliza

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimayang'anira njira zambiri zamthupi, motero ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muziwunika kusintha kwa ntchito yake. Matenda ena amatha kuthana ndi ntchito yobereka, chifukwa chake amayi ayenera kuyamba kuchitira chithokomiro munthawi yake.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - mahomoni ndi ntchito zake ndizofunikira kwa thupi la munthu. Pamodzi ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso dongosolo lamanjenje, chithokomiro chimagwira nawo ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati za munthu.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro amafunidwa ndi khungu lililonse komanso thupi lililonse. Kulephera kwa chithokomiro kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

Kodi chithokomiro chimatulutsa ma hormone otani?

Mitundu iwiri ya mahomoni imapangidwa muzitsulo:

Calcitonin, chinthu chopangidwa ndi maselo a follicular, umathandizira pa kagayidwe ka calcium ndi phosphorous. Hormayo imapangitsa kuti calcium ichotse mafupa.

Mahomoni a Iodinated amaphatikizapo triiodothyronine ndi thyroxine . Ma mahoni oyamba omwe amapangidwa ndi gland amakhala ndi mamolekyulu atatu a ayodini, ndipo enawo amakhala ndi 4, motsatana, amatchulidwa ngati mahomoni a T3 ndi mahomoni a T4.

Mu thupi, kugwira ntchito kwamahomoni sikuchitika ngati simalandira ayodini. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zakudya zomwe zili ndi ayodini ziyenera kudyedwa. Tyrosine amino acid, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi chakudya, ndiyofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro, chifukwa imalimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa mahomoni T3 ndi T4.

Ntchito za chithokomiro

Ma hormone omwe amatulutsidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, komanso ntchito zawo, amayang'aniridwa ndi hypothalamus ndi gland pituitary. Kodi mbali izi za ubongo zimayang'anira chiyani? Woyamba amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Ngati vuto la chithokomiro cha chithokomiro likupezeka, ndiye kuti limayamba kutulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro chotulutsa chithokomiro.

TRH imagwira ntchito ku pituitary gland, yomwe imatulutsa mahomoni olimbikitsa chithokomiro omwe amawongolera kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro komanso amathandizira kapangidwe ka T3 ndi T4 . Madzi a chithokomiro akamawonetsa zochita zake, ndiye kuti mbali zina za ubongo zimalepheretsa kupanga kwawo ndi kugwira ntchito.

Ntchito za mahomoni a chithokomiro a iodini:

1. Kudzera chakudya, thupi limalandira ayodini, yemwe amakamizidwa m'matumbo.
2. Iodini ukamadzera ku chithokomiro, imasungunuka m'maselo ake.
3. Timbalizi timatulutsa prohormone yapadera ya chithokomiro chofunikira pakupanga bwino kwa mahomoni T3 ndi T4, omwe kenaka amalowa m'magazi.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimalumikizidwa ndi machitidwe onse a thupi la munthu.Popanda chithokomiro, ziwalo zamkati sizingagwire ntchito.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za mahomoni a chithokomiro:

1. Kuchita nawo popanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi.
2. Amawongolera kagayidwe ka mphamvu. Mahomoni amateteza kagayidwe, kutentha.
3. Limbikitsani kagayidwe kazakudya zama protein ndi zakudya zama protein. Chifukwa chake munthu samalemera.
4. Zoyenera kuchita pakubala. Ma mahomoni a chithokomiro amakhudza ntchito ya maselo a majeremusi, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri panthawi yakukonzekera kugonana, kutenga pakati, kubereka mwana.
5. Amayang'anira kagayidwe kazinthu kashiamu ndi phosphorous. Ntchitoyi imakhudza chitukuko cha minofu yamafupa. Mwachitsanzo, ndimavulala osiyanasiyana amfupa, calcitonin amagwira ntchito ngati injini: imathandizira calcium kugwiranso ntchito.
6. Kukhudza ntchito za chapakati mantha dongosolo. Kuperewera kwa mahomoni aliwonse a chithokomiro kumaonekera mwa ana omwe akuchedwa kukula: nzeru zimachepa, cretinism imayamba.
7. Zimatengera momwe munthu akumvera: kusefukira, kusakwiya, kusowa tulo.

Zosangalatsa! Kukula kwaumunthu ndikukula kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Ntchito yake ikachepera, kukula kumayima.

Kusintha kwadongosolo

Masinthidwe osinthika akapezeka mumapangidwe a chiwalo popanda kukhudza ntchito yake, imadzuka. Ndi masinthidwe achilengedwe a chithokomiro, ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi kachitidwe zimagwira ntchito monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, popanda kuwoneka bwino. Euthyroidism imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu ya chithokomiro, komabe, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amakhalanso kwachilendo.

Mkhalidwe uwu wa munthu suyankhula za thanzi lake lathunthu, chifukwa kuphwanya magawo a chithokomiro kumatengedwa ngati gawo lamalire. Nthawi iliyonse, kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatha kuchitika.

Muzochitika zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mawonetsedwe a chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Euthyroidism imakhala kanthawi kochepa ndipo imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kugona, kufooka nditadzuka,
• kuchuluka kusalinganika: kusakhazikika, kusokonekera,
• mtima wowonongeka,
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa,
• khosi kufinya.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika?

• Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa chithokomiro chimatha kukhala kutukusira kwa chiwalo chokha - chithokomiro. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a autoimmune pambuyo pobwera ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, pomwe ma antibodies opangidwa m'thupi la munthu amawononga maselo awo, omwe chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimatulutsa.
• Chifukwa china ndikuchiza ndi mankhwala a radioactive, makamaka ayodini.
• Kutsika kwa chithokomiro kumachitika mwa mwana wosabadwa m'mimba. Mtundu wowopsa wa matenda obadwa nawo ndi dementia.
• Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa thyreostatics.
• Kusabereka kwa chiwalo - aplasia.
• Khansa, kuvulala, chotupa muubongo.

Ngati kufooka kwa ntchito ya chiwalochi kukuchitika mwa munthu wamkulu, gland imatha kukhala yocheperachepera ndikukula.

Ma mahomoni a chithokomiro sikokwanira

Kuchepa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi chikhalidwe cha hypothyroidism . Ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro imacheperachepera thupi la munthu likalandira ayodini wochepa kapena zinthu zomwe zimawononga ntchito ya mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Nthawi zina, hypothyroidism imachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala ena kapena kuchotsa chithokomiro. Muubwana, hyplandction ya gland imakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko: zimawonedwa kukula kodabwitsa ndi kukula m'malingaliro, kukula, Chikhulupiriro.

Kutsika kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi mahomoni ake kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja otsatirawa:

• kunenepa kwambiri, komwe sikukhudzidwa ndi zakudya kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• kutopa, kufooka wamba,
• munthu wokhumudwa:
• kusintha kwa msambo, kusatheka kwa kutenga pakati,
• kutentha kwa thupi kulibe bwino
• khungu lowuma, loyipa, kuyabwa, khungu, miyendo ndi nkhope,
• kugunda kwamtima
• miyendo yozizira ngakhale m'chipinda chofunda,
• kupweteka kwa minofu ndi molumikizana
• Kuchepetsa kukumbukira ndi kuyankha.

Mawonekedwe a chithokomiro chowonjezeka

Hyperthyroidism imatchedwa hyperthyroidism. Ili ndi gulu la matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu za thupi, pamene amapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo kuposa momwe amafunikira thanzi la munthu.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene ayodini wambiri amapangidwa, popanda matenda amachotsedwa m'thupi mwachilengedwe. Koma, ngati chakudya cham'mimba ndi chiwindi chikasokonekera, ayodini, pamodzi ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro, amabwezedwanso m'magazi. Kusakaniza koteroko kumakhala poizoni ndipo kumakwiyitsa chiwalo. Zimamukakamiza kuti apange mahomoni owonjezera, ogwirira ntchito kuvala.

Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa hyperthyroidism kumadzetsa matenda a England, momwe kukula kwake kumakulira, thupi limayamba kupanga mahomoni ochulukirapo. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a Bazedova. Chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ndi kupezeka kwa timagulu tambiri tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tambiri totere. Awa ndi matenda a Plamer's. Ndipo chifukwa chachitatu ndikupezeka kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimodzi chomwe chimabisa mahomoni ochulukirapo. Awa ndi mankhwala oopsa a adenoma.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika pazifukwa zina, pali ambiri a iwo. Ganizirani kwambiri za izi:

• Iodini wambiri m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene munthu, mwa iye yekha, akumwa mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini kwa nthawi yayitali ngati njira yodzitetezera.
• Zotsatira zakuvulala kowopsa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mitsempha yambiri pafupipafupi.
• Anakumana ndi mavuto akulu.
• Mikhalidwe yovuta ya nthawi yayitali.

• Kuchepetsa thupi kuonekera, popeza ntchito ya chithokomiro imachuluka, zomwe zimathandizira njira ya metabolic mthupi, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kugwedezeka zala ndi thupi lonse.
• Thukuta kwambiri, kumva kutentha. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa, ngakhale ozizira kwambiri, amavala mosavuta, ndipo amagona ndi zenera lotseguka nthawi yozizira.
• Mtima usanachitike, kugundana kwa mtima.
• Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha, komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali.
• Kuchita pafupipafupi, kuda nkhawa, kulira.
• Maso akuthambalala ndikutupa owazungulira.
• Mwina kuwonera kawiri kapena kuvuta kuyang'ana pamutu.

Ngati mukukayikira za matendawa, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo kuchipatala kwa endocrinologist. Ngati chithokomiro cha chithokomiro cha mwana chikulephera, ndipo palibe katswiri wazachipatala pankhani ya endocrinology kuchipatala, ziyenera kuonedwa kwa dokotala wa ana. M'pofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo onse azithandizo zamatendawa ndikuteteza wodwala ku zovuta zilizonse: wamaganizidwe ndi thupi.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi gawo la endocrine system. Ntchito ya thupi ndikupanga mahomoni okhala ndi ayodini (chithokomiro) okhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka kagayidwe, kakukhudza kukula kwa maselo amunthu ndi chamoyo chonse.

Izi zimakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a mafupa, zimathandizira kupanga mafupa am'magazi komanso kuwongolera njira ya phosphate ndi calcium kulowa mumafupa.

Kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni

Kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumalumikizidwa ndi hyperthyroidism . Mikhalidwe yotsatirayi imadziwika ndi chinsinsi cha chithokomiro.

• Kutalikirana kwa ma eyeb eye (eye bulging, exophthalmos),
• Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chambiri,
• kusintha kwa msambo,
• kukhumudwa kwa mtima ndi kuchuluka kwa mavuto,
• khungu lowuma,
• kutaya tsitsi
• kutsegula m'mimba
• chisangalalo chosatha.

Zosangalatsa! Matenda monga poizoni komanso (Bazedov-Graves matenda, Plummer) , viral and autoimmune chithokomiro, komanso mankhwala owonjezera a mahomoni kapena ayodini omwe amadziwika ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.

Kupenda kafukufuku

Minyewa ya gland ikhoza kutsimikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi. Kuti adziwe zoyenera ndi kulandira mankhwala, dokotala ayenera kumuyesa wodwalayo, kumutumiza ku x-ray ndi ultrasound.

Poganizira kuopsa kwa wodwalayo, endocrinologist imatha kupatsa wodwalayo mayeso owonjezerawa pakusintha ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro pogwiritsa ntchito kulingalira kwa makina kapena maginito a maginito. CT ndi MRI zimapangitsa kuti zidziwike komwe mukutulutsa, kukula kwake komanso kupezeka kwa maselo.

Matenda a chithokomiro amawerengedwa

Mavuto ndi chithokomiro amagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala akazi kuposa amuna. Izi ndichifukwa choti mzimayi amagwira ntchito mozungulira: kubala, kudyetsa, kulera ana. Thumba losunga mazira, chiberekero, gland ya mammary ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro zimagwira ntchito limodzi munjira izi. Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe cha mahomoni mu tiziwalo ta akazi ndi chosiyana.

Zizindikiro zomwe zili patebulopo zimatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono, popeza ma labotale osiyanasiyana amayendetsa njira zawo zosanthula.

Mndandanda wa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mwa akazi:

Zovuta mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro zimatha kuthandizidwa ngati dokotala atafunsidwa munthawi yake . Kupereka mankhwala apadera ndikuwunikira pafupipafupi magawo a ma labotor kungathandizenso kubwezeretsa ntchito ya chithokomiro m'mbuyomu

Zimayambitsa kusowa kwa chithokomiro komanso njira zopewera

Matenda akusowa kwa chithokomiro amapezeka pazifukwa zingapo:

• cholowa
• zisangalalo zamanjenje
• zovuta zachilengedwe
• zakudya.

Ndi zinthu zomwe munthu amadya tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Kuperewera kwa ayodini, selenium ndi fluoride mumlengalenga, madzi, chakudya kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa gland . Zosinthidwa ndi zowonjezera, okhazikika mu chakudya, zimasokoneza chikhalidwe cha chithokomiro.

Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa kusalinganika kwa mahomoni mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, muyenera kuwunika zakudya: ziyenera kukhala zodzaza komanso zoteteza.

Chofunikira cha tsiku lililonse cha ayodini wamkulu ndi 150 mcg.

Iodine imapezeka mu nsomba zam'madzi, masamba abwino ndi zipatso, timadziti, madzi oyera, ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa. Tyrosine mu okwanira amapezeka mu mkaka, nandolo, mazira, mtedza, nyemba.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuthira uchi m'malo mwa shuga, ngati kuloledwa, kudya phala, buledi wa tirigu wathunthu.

Ndi kuchepera:

• Chakudya chosemedwa ndi zipatso
• zakudya zamafuta
• zonunkhira zotentha ndi zokometsera,
• zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Vinyo wofiira wachilengedwe modabwitsa amakhala ndi phindu pa thupi ndi chithokomiro.

Kudya kwathunthu komanso koyenera kumathandizira kuti ntchito ya chithokomiro chizichitika.

Ntchito za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro m'thupi la munthu ndizosiyanasiyana.

Anthu ambiri amayesa kudzipeza okha, koma choyamba sichingawapweteke kudziwa zomwe zimachitika kuti chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chizigwira.

Matenda a chithokomiro, mwatsoka, ndizofala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi iwo munthawi yakubereka.

Zowonadi, ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti ali ndi zoterezi. Ndipo ena sadziwa nkomwe za chiwalo choterocho, kapena sakudziwa pang'ono za icho.

Matenda a chithokomiro

Gland ikangogwira ntchito zina, njirayi imakhala yabwinobwino kapena kusokonezeka. Kuphwanya lamulo kumalumikizidwa ndi kubisala kopitirira muyeso kapena kusakwanira kwa mahomoni. Ntchito yowonjezera chithokomiro ndikupanga zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito.Matendawa amatchedwa hyperthyroidism ("hyper" - "kwambiri", "over"). Ntchito ya chithokomiro cha Hyper nthawi zina imabweretsa kuledzera kwa thupi. Kenako hyperthyroidism imatchedwa thyrotooticosis, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi matenda monga:

• Matenda a bazedova (perekani chakumwa chowononga kapena matenda a Graves),
• chithokomiro chithokomiro,
• magawo oyambira ena a autoimmune thyroiditis.

Kuchepetsa chithokomiro ntchito ndikusakwanira kwama mahomoni m'thupi. Matendawa amatchedwa hypothyroidism ("hypo" - "kuchepa", "pang'ono"). Chithandizo chokwanira cha chithokomiro chimawonedwa m'matenda otsatirawa:

• autoimmune chithokomiro, kapena chithokomiro cha Hashimoto's,
• endemic goiter (kuchepa kwa chithokomiro kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini m'madzi, mpweya ndi chakudya).

Chithandizo chokwanira cha chithokomiro chitha kuonedwa pambuyo poti kuchotsedwa kwina kapena kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa thupilo, chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi thyreostatics, ndi anomalies wobala, kuvulala kwa chithokomiro chotseguka kapena chatsekedwa.

Zizindikiro zakutha kwa chithokomiro zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira kuti hyperthyroidism ndizowonjezera pazinthu zomwe zimagwira, ndipo hypothyroidism ndi kusowa kwawo. Uku ndikusiyana kofunikira ndipo kumakhudza chithunzi cha chipatala.

Zizindikiro zakukula kwa chithokomiro:

• kusunthika kwambiri, kulephera kuleza mtima,
• kuyendetsa wodabwitsa manja, kuyankhula mwachangu komanso kaphokoso, kupuma pafupipafupi,
• kukwiya, misozi, misozi, mkwiyo,
• khunyu koyipa m'maso, kunenepa pang'ono, poyang'ana pansi matope kumbuyo kwa m'mphepete mwa iris,
• mukayang'ana kumtunda, mzere wa sclera umawoneka pakati pa khungu la eyis ndi m'munsi.
• lonse palpebral fissure;
• mawonekedwe amaso, kumverera kwa mchenga, nthawi zina masanjidwe apawiri,
• Kutupa kwa nsidze,
• kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kugunda kwa mtima (kuuma kwa fibrillation, extrasystoles ndikusunga tachycardia),
• kuchuluka kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kotsika kwamkokomo,
• kufulumira, kupuma kwakukulu, kubuula,
• kugwedezeka kwa dzanja
• kusowa tulo
• thukuta kwambiri pakhungu, kukodza pafupipafupi,
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• madzi othamanga mwachangu,
• kuwonda mwadzidzidzi ndi zakudya zokwanira,
• ludzu losalekeza.

Kuchulukitsa kwa chithokomiro kumatsogolera pakukula kwambiri kwa njira mthupi.

Zizindikiro za chithokomiro chachepa:

• ulesi, ulesi, kusayenda bwino, wodwalayo amayankhula pang'ono komanso osafuna,
• kukumbukira kumachepa kwambiri ndipo malingaliro amasokonezedwa,
• Wodwala alibe chidwi ndi chilichonse,
• Maso "amwalira" (chithokomiro chikuchepa, mawonekedwe amaso ndi osowa kwambiri),
• kugunda kwamtima
• kuthamanga kwa magazi (mwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa amatha kukwezedwa),
• kulakalaka kugona masana
• kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa ntchito,
• kuyanika, kuwuma, khungu
• kutupa kwa nkhope, manja, matako,
• pokodza kawirikawiri
• kudzimbidwa
• kunenepa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya,
• kamwa yowuma m'mawa.

Kuchepa kwa chithokomiro kumachepetsa mayendedwe amthupi.