Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga mwa akulu ndi ana

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muzolowere zomwe zalembedwa pamutuwu: "chifukwa chake shuga imachokera chifukwa chomwe chimachitikira achikulire ndi ana, zomwe zimachitika mwadzidzidzi" ndi ndemanga za akatswiri. Ngati mukufuna kufunsa funso kapena kulemba ndemanga, mutha kuchita izi pansipa, nkhaniyo itatha. Katswiri wathu wamtundu wa endoprinologist adzakuyankhirani.

Matenda a shuga ana - matenda osachepera a metabolic okhala ndi vuto la insulin yotupa komanso kukula kwa hyperglycemia. Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana nthawi zambiri amakula msanga, limodzi ndi kuwonda kwambiri kwa mwana ndi chidwi chambiri, ludzu losatha komanso kukodza kwambiri. Pofuna kudziwa matenda ashuga mu ana, kuwunika kwakukulu kwa zasayansi kumachitika (kutsimikiza mtima kwa shuga, kulolera shuga, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, C-peptide, Ku ma β-cell a kapamba m'magazi, glucosuria, etc.). Njira zazikulu zochizira matenda ashuga mu ana zimaphatikizapo zakudya ndi insulin.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana ndi kuphwanya kwa zakudya zamagulu ndi mitundu ina ya kagayidwe, kamene kamadalira kuperewera kwa insulin komanso / kapena kukana insulin, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia. Malinga ndi WHO, mwana aliyense wa 500 ndi wazaka 200 aliyense amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zikubwerazi, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata 70% akuyerekeza. Popeza kufala, kufala kwa “kukonza” matenda, njira yopita patsogolo komanso kuuma kwa zovuta, vuto la matenda ashuga mu ana limafunikira njira yophatikizira mitundu yomwe ikukhudzana ndi akatswiri pantchito ya ana, ma endocrinology a ana, zamtima, ma psychology, ophthalmology, ndi ena otero.

Mwa odwala, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga (wodwala insulin), womwe umachokera ku kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 wa ana amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a autoimmune, amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa autoantibodies, kuwonongeka kwa maselo, kuyanjana ndi majini a histocompatability tata HLA, kudalira kwathunthu kwa insulini, chizolowezi cha matenda a ketoacidosis, etc. pathogenesis nthawi zambiri imalembetsedwa mwa anthu omwe si a ku Europe.

Kuphatikiza pa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga 1, mitundu yovuta yamatendawa imapezeka mwa ana: mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, matenda a shuga ogwirizana ndi genetic syndromes, mtundu wa matenda a shuga Mellitus.

Chomwe chikutsogolera kwambiri chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 m'magazi ndi cholowa chamabadwa, monga zikuwonetsedwera ndi kuchuluka kwa milandu yamabanja yamatendawa komanso kupezeka kwa matenda a m'mbale pafupi (makolo, mlongo ndi abale, agogo).

Komabe, kuyambitsa kachitidwe ka autoimmune kumafuna kuwonetsedwa pazinthu zowopsa zachilengedwe. Zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a lymphocytic insulitis, kuwonongeka kwa β-cell ndikusowa kwa insulin ndi ma virus a ma virus (ma Coxsackie B ma virus, ECHO, Epstein-Barr, mumps, rubella, herpes, chikuku, rotavirus, enteroviruses, cytomegalovirus, etc.). .

Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta za poizoni, zakudya zopatsa thanzi (zopangika kapena zosakanikirana, kudyetsa mkaka wa ng'ombe, chakudya chamagulu owonjezera, etc.), zochitika zodetsa nkhawa, kuchitapo kanthu kwa opaleshoni kungathandize kukulitsa shuga kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo.

Gulu lomwe likuwopsezedwa ndikukula kwa matenda a shuga limapangidwa ndi ana omwe ali ndi makilogalamu opitirira 4.5, omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, amakhala ndi moyo wosatopa, amadwala matenda amisomali, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadwala.

Mitundu yachiwiri (yovuta) ya matenda ashuga mu ana imatha kukhala ndi endocrinopathies (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, kuperekera poizoni woopsa, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma), matenda a kapamba (pancreatitis, ndi zina). Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 kwa ana nthawi zambiri umayendetsedwa ndi njira zina za immunopathological: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, nyamakazi, periarteritis nodosa, etc.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma syndromes osiyanasiyana amtundu: Down syndrome, Klinefelter, Prader - Willy, Shereshevsky-Turner, Lawrence - Mwezi - Barde - Beadle, Wolfram, chorea wa Huntington, ataxia a Friedreich, porphyria, etc.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana kumatha kukula nthawi iliyonse. Pali nsonga ziwiri mu chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga kwa ana - pa zaka 5-8 ndi kutha msinkhu, i.e. munthawi ya kukula kwambiri ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, chitukuko cha insulin chodalira matenda a shuga chimachitika mwa ana chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka ma virus: ma mumps, chikuku, SARS, matenda a enterovirus, matenda a rotavirus, hepatitis ndi zina zambiri. komanso kudwala matenda ashuga. Kuyambira pomwe zizindikiro zoyambirira zimakhazikika, zimatha kutenga miyezi 1 mpaka 2-3.

Ndizotheka kukayikira kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi zizindikiro za pathognomonic: kukodza kwambiri (polyuria), ludzu (polydipsia), kuchuluka kwa chilakolako (polyphagy), kuchepa thupi.

Kupanga kwa polyuria kumalumikizidwa ndi osmotic diuresis, yomwe imachitika ndi hyperglycemia ≥9 mmol / L, yopitilira kulumikizana kwa impso, komanso mawonekedwe a shuga mumkodzo. Mkodzo umakhala wopanda mtundu, mphamvu yake yokoka imachuluka chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Masana polyuria imatha kukhalabe osadziwika. Chowonekera kwambiri ndi usiku wa polyuria, womwe ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a kwamikodzo. Nthawi zina makolo amatengera chidwi kuti mkodzo umakhala wodontha, ndipo zomwe amawoneka kuti ndi "otayidwa" zimakhalabe pazovala za mwana.

Polydipsia ndi chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwamkodzo komanso kusowa kwamphamvu kwa thupi. Pakamwa komanso pakamwa youma kumatha kuzunza mwana usiku, kumamukakamiza kudzuka ndikupempha madzi akumwa.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi njala yosalekeza, komabe, limodzi ndi polyphagy, amachepetsa thupi. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kufa kwa maselo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa glucose mkodzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mkodzo, ndikuwonjezeka kwa proteinolysis ndi lipolysis pamikhalidwe ya insulin.

Munthawi ya matenda a shuga ana, khungu ndi ziwalo zophatikizika, kupezeka kwa seborrhea pakhungu, kutsekeka kwa khungu pamafelemu ndi m'miyendo, kupanikizana pakona pakamwa, femalitisatitis, zina ndi zina zotupa pakhungu, furunculosis, mycoses, diaper rash, vulvitis mu atsikana ndi balanoposthitis mwa anyamata. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa atsikana kukutha msinkhu, izi zitha kubweretsa kusokonekera kwa msambo.

Ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, ana amakumana ndi vuto la mtima (tachycardia, madokotala ogwirira ntchito), hepatomegaly.

Njira ya matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo amadziwika ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere.

Hypoglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa cha kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kuchuluka kwa insulin, kusadya bwino, etc. Hypoglycemic coma nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi kupunduka, kufooka, thukuta, kupweteka mutu, kumva ludzu lalikulu, kunjenjemera miyendo. Ngati simukuchita zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse magazi, mwana amayamba kukokana, kutsatiridwa, ndipo amatsitsimuka. Ndi chifuwa cha hypoglycemic, kutentha kwa thupi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndizabwinobwino, palibe fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa, khungu limanyowa, zipatso zam'magazi ndimagazi

Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis ndi harbinger wa zovuta zowopsa za shuga ana - ketoacidotic chikomokere. Kupezeka kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lipolysis ndi ketogeneis ndi mapangidwe ochulukitsa a matupi a ketone. Mwanayo ali ndi kufooka, kugona, kugona kumachepa, nseru, kusanza, kupuma movutikira, kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa kumawonekera. Pakakhala njira zochizira zokwanira, ketoacidosis imatha kukhala ketoacidotic chikomokere kwa masiku angapo. Izi zimadziwika ndi kutaya kwathunthu chikumbumtima, ochepa hypotension, kufulumira mwachangu ndi kufooka, kupuma kosagwirizana, anuria. Laboratory muyezo wa ketoacidotic chikomokere mu shuga ndi ana ndi hyperglycemia> 20 mmol / l, acidosis, glucosuria, acetonuria.

Osowa kwambiri, ngati atayamwa kapena asakonzekere njira ya shuga ya ana, vuto lotchedwa hyperosmolar kapena lactic acid (lactic acid) limayamba.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga muubwana kumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zazaka zambiri: diabetesic microangiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, cataract, atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima, matenda a impso.

Pozindikira matenda ashuga, gawo lofunikira ndi la dotolo wa komweko yemwe nthawi zonse amayang'ana mwana. Pachigawo choyamba, kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zamatenda zam'mbuyomu (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, kuchepa thupi) ndi zizindikilo za cholinga ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Mukamayang'ana ana, kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga pamasaya, pamphumi ndi pachifuwa, lilime la rasipiberi, komanso kuchepa kwa khungu kumabweretsa chidwi. Ana omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a shuga ayenera kutumizidwa kwa madokotala a endocrinologist kuti awongolere kwambiri.

Kuzindikira kotsiriza kumayesedwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa mwana bwinobwino. Kafukufuku wamkulu mu shuga mellitus mwa ana akuphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (kuphatikiza powunikira tsiku ndi tsiku), insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, kulolerana kwa shuga, CBS, mkodzo - shuga ndi ketone tel. Njira zofunika kwambiri zodziwira matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi hyperglycemia (pamwambapa 5.5 mmol / l), glucosuria, ketonuria, acetonuria. Kuti mupeze mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga 1 m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda obadwa nawo kapena chifukwa cha matenda osiyanitsa a mtundu woyamba wa 2, tanthauzo la At to β-cell of the pancreas and At to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) akuwonetsedwa. Kujambula kwa ultrasound kumapangidwa kuti athe kuwona momwe amapangidwira kapamba.

Kusiyanitsa kosiyanasiyana kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana kumachitika ndi acetonemic syndrome, insipidus ya shuga, matenda a nephrogenic. Ketoacidosis ndi kwa iye ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa ndi chifuwa cham'mimba (appendicitis, peritonitis, matumbo kutsekeka), meningitis, encephalitis, chotupa muubongo.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira mankhwalawa mtundu wa shuga 1 kwa ana ndi insulin, zakudya, moyo woyenera komanso kudziletsa. Njira zopewera zakudya zimaphatikizira kuphatikiza shuga ku zakudya, kuletsa zakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta a nyama, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu 5-6 patsiku, komanso mphamvu za munthu payekha. Mbali yofunika kwambiri yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi kudziletsa koyenera: kuzindikira kuopsa kwa matenda awo, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikusintha mlingo wa insulin poganizira kuchuluka kwa glycemia, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, komanso zolakwika pakudya. Njira zodziyang'anira zokha za makolo ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amaphunzitsidwa m'masukulu a shuga.

Kuthandizirana kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kumachitika ndi ma insulin omwe amapanga anthu ndi mapangidwe awo. Mlingo wa insulin umasankhidwa payekha poganizira kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia komanso msinkhu wa mwana. Baseline bolus insulin therapy yatsimikizira mu machitidwe a ana, kuphatikiza kuyambitsa insulin yayitali m'mawa ndi madzulo kukonza mfundo zazikulu za hyperglycemia komanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yocheperako musanadye chakudya chachikulu chilichonse kukakonza postprandial hyperglycemia.

Njira yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a insulin ana m'mimba ndimatumbo a insulin, omwe amakupatsani mwayi woperekera insulin mosalekeza (kutsanzira secretion ya basal) ndi njira ya bolus (kutsanzira pambuyo pobweza zakudya).

Zofunikira kwambiri pa mankhwalawa a mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi chithandizo cha zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga ketoacidosis, kulowetsanso madzi, kukhazikitsa mlingo wowonjezera wa insulin, poganizira kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia, ndi kukonza acidosis ndikofunikira. Pofuna kukhazikika kwa boma la hypoglycemic, ndikofunikira kuti mwanayo apatse mankhwala omwe ali ndi shuga (chidutswa cha shuga, msuzi, tiyi wotsekemera), ngati mwana sazindikira, kuyika kwamphamvu kwa shuga kapena kutsekeka kwa glucagon ndikofunikira.

Ubwino wamoyo wa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga umatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya kubwezeretsa matenda. Kutengera ndi zakudya zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa, regimen, njira zochizira, chiyembekezo chamoyo chikufanana ndi avareji yaanthu. Pankhani ya kuphwanya kwakukulu zomwe dokotala wakupatsani, kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, zovuta zina za matenda ashuga zimayamba msanga. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amawonera amoyo wa endocrinologist-diabetesologist.

Katemera wa ana omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amachitika panthawi ya chiphuphu ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa metabolic, pankhaniyi sikuti kumayambitsa kuwonongeka pamatenda oyamba.

Kupewera kwina kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana sikupangidwa. Ndikotheka kulosera za chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndikuzindikira prediabetes pamaziko a kupimidwa kwa matendawa. Mu ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuti azikhala ndi thupi lokwanira, azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, kuwonjezera chitetezo chamthupi, komanso kuchitira matenda opatsirana.

Matenda a shuga - matenda ophatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin.
Maselo apadera a pancreatic otchedwa β-cell amapanga insulin. Mothandizidwa ndi chilichonse chamkati kapena chakunja, kugwira ntchito kwa maselo amenewa kumasokonezeka ndipo kusowa kwa insulin kumachitika, ndiye kuti, matenda a shuga.

Chofunikira pakukula kwa shuga chimaseweredwa ndi majini - nthawi zambiri matendawa amatengera kwa makolo athu.

• Kukula kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wa I kumadalira mtundu wakubadwa kwa njira yodutsamo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri njirayi imakhala autoimmune (ndiye kuti, chitetezo cha mthupi chimapangitsa β-maselo, chifukwa chomwe amalephera kutulutsa insulin). Anazindikira ma antigen amatengera matenda ashuga. Ndi kuphatikiza kwinako, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chimakula kwambiri. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi njira zina za autoimmune (autoimmune thyroiditis, poyizoni ya poyizoni, nyamakazi ya rheumatoid).
• Mtundu Wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndi cholowa chake, koma kale panjira yayikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, kupanga kwa insulin sikumayima, koma kumachepetsa kwambiri, kapena thupi limataya mphamvu kuti lizindikire.

Ndili ndi chibadwa cha mtundu wa matenda ashuga a I, chomwe chimapangitsa chidwi ndi matenda oyamba ndi ma virus (mumps, rubella, Coxsackie, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus). Zina zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ndi izi:

• mbiri yakale yabanja (ngati pakati pa abale anu apachibale pamakhala matenda amtunduwu, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi munthu ndiwowonjezereka, komabe ndi kutali kwambiri ndi 100%),
• a mu mpikisano wa ku Caucasus (chiopsezo chodwala ndi oyimira mpikisanowu ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa anthu aku Asia, Hispanics kapena akuda),
• kupezeka kwa magazi a ma antibodies kuma β cell.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zikukonzekera mtundu wa shuga wa II. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa onse a iwo sikutanthauza kuti matendawa atakula. Komabe, munthu akakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, ndiye kuti amadwala.

• Metabolic syndrome (insulin kukana matenda) ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Popeza minofu ya adipose ndipamene mapangidwe a chinthu chomwe chimalepheretsa kuphatikizidwa kwa insulin, matenda a shuga mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri ndiwotheka kwambiri.
• Kwambiri atherosulinosis. Chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa chikuwonjezereka ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" (HDL) m'magazi a venous ndi ochepera 35 mg / dl, ndipo mlingo wa triglycerides ndi woposa 250 mg / dl.
• Mbiri yokhala ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda a mtima (stroke, kugunda kwa mtima).
• Ili ndi mbiri ya matenda ashuga, omwe adachitika nthawi ya pakati, kapena kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera oposa 3.5 kg.
• Mbiri yakale ya polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Ukalamba.
• Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa abale apamtima.
• Kupsinjika kwakanthawi
• Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
• Matenda a kapamba, chiwindi, kapena impso.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena (ma steroid mahomoni, thiazide diuretics).

Ana amadwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala mwana wokhala ndi matenda oopsa ndi izi:

• chibadwa (kubadwa),
• kulemera kwa wakhanda woposa makilogalamu 4.5,
• pafupipafupi tizilombo matenda
• kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira
• matenda a metabolic (hypothyroidism, kunenepa kwambiri).

Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist. Pazifukwa zokhudzana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, kufunsana ndi katswiri wa zamitsempha, matenda a mtima, ophthalmologist, ndi opaleshoni ya mtima ndikofunikira. Pofuna kumveketsa funsoli, kodi chiopsezo chotani chitha kukhala ndi matenda osabadwa kwa mwana wosabadwa, pokonzekera kutenga pakati, makolo omwe ali ndi milandu yamatendawa m'mabanja awo ayenera kukaonana ndi majini.

Kanema wanyimbo:

Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa njira zambiri za endocrine. Zimadziwika chifukwa chakuti thupi limakhala ndi mavuto ndi kupanga kwa insulin, komwe kumathandiza kuti glucose agwe m'magazi.

Ma cell a pancreatic ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale mahomoni ofunikira. Pankhani ya pathologies a chiwalochi, kupanga insulin kumachepetsedwa, kapena kusiyiratu. Shuga imadziunjikira m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chake chiwonjezeke kwambiri, motero, pamakhala chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoyipa kwa thupi la mwana.

Kuteteza mwana wanu kumayambiriro kwa matenda osasangalatsa awa, kholo lililonse liyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake limatha kuchitika. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chonse chofunikira, ndizotheka kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake kuti mukhale ndi thanzi la ana. Zowonadi, pali chinthu choterocho chomwe chimapangitsa kukula kwa matendawa ngati cholowa. Koma ngakhale izi, mwa njira zoyenera zopewera, matendawa amatha kuchedwa kwa zaka zambiri.

Matenda a shuga a shuga amagawika m'mitundu iwiri: matenda omwe samadalira insulini komanso amadalira insulin. Ana, mitundu yodalira insulin, yotchedwa mtundu I, imapezeka kwambiri. Matendawa ndi amoyo wonse ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake aubwana. Izi ndichifukwa choti kapamba mwa ana ndi ochepa kwambiri. Pofika zaka 12, zimafika pafupifupi magalamu 50. Njira zonse za metabolic mthupi la mwana zimathamanga kwambiri kuposa munthu wamkulu. Njira yonse yopanga insulin mthupi imasinthidwa kukhala zaka 5 zokha. Ndiye chifukwa chake ana azaka zapakati pa 5 mpaka 12 amakhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga aubwana. Kwa ana omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho, nthawi imeneyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Popeza ndi mapangidwe a thupi omwe amachitika ali mwana, mwana akamayamba kudwala matendawa, matendawa amakula kwambiri ndipo zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zazikulu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa ana zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Pali zinthu zingapo zakunja ndi zamkati zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa kwa mwana. Zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ku ubwana zimaphatikizapo:

• cholowa
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Zakudya zosokoneza
• chimfine kapena matenda akulu avairasi.

Ngati banjali silikula zakudya zoyenera, ndipo mwana amadya maswiti, mafuta amtundu wa chokoleti ndi chokoleti, ndiye kuti, chakudya chamafuta chambiri, zochuluka, katundu pa zikondamoyo za thupi la mwana zimakulira kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono, izi zimabweretsa kutsika kwa maselo a pancreatic. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imadzipanga pang'onopang'ono kumachepa, ndipo nthawi ikatha imatha.

Kukula kwa kunenepa mwachilengedwe kumayambitsa kudzikundikira kwa minofu yambiri ya adipose. Ndipo iye, amakhalanso malo omwe insulin synthesis imaletseka mwachangu.

Pafupipafupi kuzizira kwa mwana kumayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Popeza chitetezo cha mthupi chimateteza thupi ku ma virus ndi ma bacteria, ndimazizira pafupipafupi, amakakamizidwa kutulutsa ma antibodies nthawi zonse. Ngati njirayi iyamba kukhala yopanda mphamvu, chitetezo cha mthupi sichimaleka kupanga ma antibodies ena ngakhale patakhala kuti palibe choopsa chokhudza thupi. Zotsatira zamatenda oterewa ndizakuti ma antibodies opanga ma cell amapanga ma cell a kapamba, potero amawononga iwo okha. Kuwonongeka kotero, kapamba amasiya kupanga insulini yofunikira kuti thupi lonse ligwire ntchito.

Heredity ndi chinthu chomwe chingakhudze kwambiri kupezeka kwa matendawa kwa mwana. Ngati tikulankhula za kubadwa kwa makolo, makamaka amayi, ndiye kuti kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga mwa mwana ndiwokwera kwambiri. Imatha kudziwonetsera yokha yaying'ono kwambiri, komanso nthawi. Ngati, ngakhale zili zonse, mayi yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda ashuga adaganiza zoyamba kubereka, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

Kufunika uku kumachitika chifukwa chakuti placenta imatha kuyamwa bwino ndikusunga shuga kuchokera m'magazi a mayi. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwake, pamakhala kuchuluka kwachilengedwe m'misempha ndikupanga ziwalo, zomwe zimakula m'mimba. Izi zimabweretsa kubadwa kwa mwana wakhanda yemwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo.

Matenda opatsirana omwe mwana amatenga nawo pazinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matendawa ngati chotsatira chachikulu.

Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kukulira kwa shuga mwa mwana kumakhudzidwa ndi matenda monga:

• mumps,
• chiwindi
• chikuku
• rubella.

Kulowerera kwa thupi ndi ma virus komwe kumayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa kumayambitsa kutsegukira kwa chitetezo chathupi champhamvu. Ma antibodies opangidwa ndi chitetezo chathupi amayamba kuwononga kachilombo ka tizilomboti, ndipo ndimaselo a ma pancreatic. Zotsatira zake ndikulephera pakupanga insulin.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga mwanjira ya zovuta pambuyo kusamutsidwa kwa matendawa ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati mwana ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo.

Kusunthika kochepa komanso kusakhalako kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungayambitsenso kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Kudzikundikira kwa minofu ya adipose kumathandizira kuti ziletso za insulin zizipanga thupi. Zimatsimikizidwanso kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yama cell omwe amayang'anira kupangika kwa timadzi timeneti. Mwana akamasewera masewera mwadongosolo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi sikupitirira chovomerezeka.

Zomwe muyenera kulabadira kuti muwone matendawa munthawi yake

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti makolo amazolowera kuzindikira matendawa ndikuyamba kuda nkhawa akatha kuwonetsa zina zake. Ambiri amatha kuwona kuti ukugwetsa misozi, kusinthasintha kwa mtima komanso kusakwiya monga kumayambira ngati mwana kapena chizindikiro choti awonongedwa. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zina, izi zopanda nzeru za mwana zimatha kuonetsa matenda ashuga oyamba.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti poyambika kwa matendawa, insulin siyopangidwa moyenera. Sizothandiza kuti shuga azikhala womasuka kwathunthu ndi thupi. Maselo a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ubongo, samalandira mphamvu yofunikira. Izi sizimangoyambitsa mkwiyo, komanso ulesi, kufooka ndi kutopa kwa mwana.

Inde, zizindikiritso izi sizomwe zimakhala zazikulu panthawi yomwe akudwala matenda ashuga ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena kusintha kwa thupi la mwana. Koma, popeza amathandizira kuti china chake chalakwika ndi thanzi la mwana, musawanyalanyaze. Kusintha kwina kumathandizanso kudziwa kuyambika kwa matendawa, komwe makolo sayenera kunyoza:

• Mwana amangopempha chakumwa nthawi zonse, sangathe kuthetsa ludzu lake.
• kudya kwambiri komanso kuwonda panthawi imodzi,
• Nthawi zina pamasanza, mwana amadandaula ndi mseru pafupipafupi,
• mumakonda kukodza pafupipafupi.

Ndi chiwonetsero chatsatanetsatane cha zingapo mwazizindikirozi, kapena chimodzi mwazomwe, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi dokotala yemwe akupatseni matenda ofunikira.

Matendawa atakhudza thupi la mwana, amayamba kudziwonetsa yekha ndi zizindikiro zapadera. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zomwe zimayenderana ndi kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana zimaphatikizapo:

• mabala osachiritsika osachiritsika, zotupa zapakhungu pakhungu,
• Kuchepetsa thupi komanso kukula kodabwitsa, mavuto akukulitsa thupi,
• kulakalaka ndi zovuta kuthetsa ludzu,
• kukodza pafupipafupi, ndipo, nthawi zina, kugona.

Chizindikiro chilichonse chimakhala ndi zomwe chimayambitsa ndipo chimakhala mayankho a thupi pakuperewera kwa insulin.

Popeza insulin yokwanira imathandizira kuti shuga asungidwe m'magazi, zimakhala zovuta kuti impso zikwaniritse ntchito yawo yochita kusefa. Ndizovuta kuti apirire shuga wambiri. Katunduyo amawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo amayesera kuti atenge madzi owonjezera kuchokera mthupi, pomwe mwanayo amakhala ndi ludzu lotha kuzindikira.

Ana amatha kudandaula pakamwa pouma, khungu louma komanso kutsekemera zimadziwika. Zoterezi zimakhala zowopsa chifukwa, osamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika, mwana wambiri amatha kumwa timadziti, soda ndi zakumwa zina zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoopsa m'miyeso yambiri kumangokulitsa kukula kwa shuga kwa ana.

Kulakalaka kwambiri ndi kumva kwamanjala kumawonekera chifukwa chakuti maselo a thupi lonse akumva njala. Glucose imangochotsedwa m'thupi ndi mkodzo, pomwe osadyetsa thupi moyenerera. Maselo akumva ludzu amayamba kutumiza chizindikiro kuubongo wa mwana kuti iye si chakudya chokwanira komanso michere. Mwanayo amatha kuyamwa chakudya m'magawo akuluakulu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala kanthawi kochepa.

Ngakhale kudya kwambiri, mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sangathe kulemera. Chifukwa cha njala yosatha, thupi la mwana limakakamizidwa kuti liyang'ane zakudya zina zakudya. Thupi limatha kuyamba ntchito yowononga adipose ndi minofu minofu. Komanso, mwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kukula kwa thupi kumatha kuchepa kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha ludzu losalekeza, mwana amayamba kudya madzi ambiri, omwe, amachititsa kuti azikodza mwachangu. Chikhodzodzo ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakhala pafupifupi zonse zodzaza. Ngati masana mwana amapita kuchimbudzi, ndiye kuti nthawi zina usiku zimamuvuta kuyendetsa njirayi.

Kubetcha kungakhale chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga. M'pofunika kuda nkhawa ngati usiku kukonzekera kugona kwa mwana sikunachitike. Mukamasintha mabedi, muyenera kuyang'anira mkodzo. Imatha kutulutsa fungo lakuthwa, losasangalatsa la acetone, kukhala womata kukhudza ndikusiya chilembo chodetsa chilengedwe pambuyo poma.

Pali chizindikiro china chomwe muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi. Popeza mkodzo wa mwana mu shuga mellitus pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi acetone, kukhumudwa kwa maliseche amkati ndi urogenital thirakiti kumatha kuchitika pokodza. Nthawi zambiri, ana, makamaka atsikana, amatha kudandaula za kuyabwa kwawo.

Zotsatira zakukula kwa matendawa ali mwana

Vuto limodzi lalikulu la matendawa ndi kutha kwa matenda ashuga kuchepetsa chitetezo cha mwana. Matenda opatsirana aliwonse amatha kutsatiridwa ndi zovuta zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, chimfine chofala chimatha kulowa mu chibayo. Zilonda zilizonse, mabala, mabala ndi mabala sizingakhale bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Matenda pafupipafupi ndi ma virus oyamba ndi fungal ndikotheka, chifukwa chitetezo chokwanira chimateteza thupi la mwana moyenera.

Kuchepa kwa maonedwe acuity nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha matendawa. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi maselo amanjala olimbitsa mphamvu komanso kusowa kwamadzi mthupi. Vuto lina lalikulu, lomwe limadziwika kuti phazi la matenda ashuga, ndilothekanso. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga sikumayendetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kusintha kwamitsempha yosasintha mu minofu ya mafupa, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha zimayamba kuchitika mthupi. Zotsatira zake ndizowonongeka pamalire, mpaka pakupanga gangore.

• Kuteteza mwana ku matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchita pafupipafupi njira zodzitetezera. Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'anira kudya. Mwanayo azidya pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 5-6 pa tsiku. Inde, chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu komanso mavitamini onse ofunikira pakukula kwa thupi.
• Sikoyenera kupatula kwathunthu maswiti ku zakudya za ana athanzi, koma kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotere kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
• Ngati mwana adakali wonenepa kale kapena atayamba kunenepa kwambiri, makolo amalimbikitsidwa kufunsa uphungu wa endocrinologist. Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotalayo adzafufuza ndipo adzapereka malingaliro anu. Mutha kuchezeranso ana azakudya omwe amatha kupanga pulogalamu yopanda thanzi komanso chakudya chokoma.
• Popeza zolimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kupukusa shuga m'magazi ndikuchepetsa shuga, siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Pafupifupi katatu pa sabata, mwana ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angathe kuchitika.

Ponena za makanda, makamaka ngati pobadwa kulemera kwawo kupitirira 4.5 makilogalamu kapena ngati pali lingaliro labanja lokhudza matendawa, makolo sayenera kuyiwala zaubwino woyamwitsa. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mwana ayamwe mkaka wa m'mawere osachepera chaka chimodzi.Izi zithandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha ana ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi, omwe pambuyo pake angayambitse kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Ngati pazifukwa zosatheka kuyamwitsa khanda, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe zakudya zina zopatsa thanzi. Zosakaniza zopanga zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni amkaka wa ng'ombe ziyenera kupewedwa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimalepheretsa ntchito ya kapamba wa ana, zomwe zingapangitse kuti kucheka kwa insulini ndi maselo ake.

Njira zopewera zoterezi zimachepetsa mwayi woti mwana adwale matenda ashuga, ngakhale banja atakhala ndi vuto lofananalo. Matenda a shuga, monga matenda ena ambiri, ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kukhala nawo moyo wanu wonse.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga: matendawa amakula bwanji mwa munthu wamkulu?

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga amayamba, ndipo ndizotheka kupewa matenda, odwala ali ndi chidwi? Kuperewera kwakanthaŵi kwa insulin ya thupi m'thupi la wodwalayo kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda "okoma".

Izi zimatengera kuti mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba amatenga gawo limodzi pazochita za metabolic mthupi la munthu. Pamenepa, kusowa kwa timadzi timeneti kumabweretsa kuti magwiridwe antchito amkati ndi machitidwe a munthu asokonezeke.

Ngakhale akupanga mankhwala, mtundu 1 ndi matenda 2 sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala sangathe kuyankha momveka bwino funso, chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Komabe, makina a kakulidwe kake ndi zinthu zoyipa zomwe zingayambitse matenda awa adaphunzira kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuganizira momwe matenda a shuga amakulira, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimabweretsa izi?

Komanso mudziwe chifukwa chake matenda ashuga ali a ENT pathologies, ndipo ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwake? Kodi imakula msanga motani mwa akulu ndi ana, ndipo imakhala ndi msinkhu uti?

Zotsatira za timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timomwe timayambira mthupi lathu timati shuga ambiri amaperekedwa mthupi. Zotsatira zake zomwe njira zina zopangira shuga zimakhazikitsidwa, shuga amayamba kudziunjikira m'chiwindi, chifukwa glycogen imapangidwa (dzina lina ndi phata la chakudya).

Ndiwo mahomoni omwe amathandiza kupewetsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Potenga kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi, insulini ya mahomoni imathandizira pakupanga mapuloteni komanso ma acid. Kuphatikiza apo, sizimalola kuti mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kuti minofu imangidwe azisiyana.

Homoni iyi imathandizira kuti glucose alowe m'maselo, chifukwa chomwe njira yopezera mphamvu ndi maselo imayendetsedwa, ndipo motsutsana ndi izi, kufalikira kwa mafuta kumacheperachepera.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chiyani? Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa chakuti chiwopsezo cha maselo kupita ku mahomoni chimasokonekera, kapena kupanga kwa ma pancreatic kwaiwo sikokwanira.

Ndi kusowa kwa insulin, machitidwe a autoimmune amapezeka mu kapamba, chifukwa chake, zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti ma islets omwe ali mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati amaphwanyidwa, omwe amayankha kapangidwe ka mahomoni m'thupi la munthu.

Kodi kukula kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda kumatha bwanji? Matenda a shuga amapezeka pomwe zotsatira za timadzi m'maselo timasokoneza. Ndipo njirayi itha kuyimiriridwa ngati chida chotsatira:

• Insulin imapangidwa m'thupi la munthu mulingo womwewo, koma maselo amthupi amasiya kumva.
• Zotsatira zake, pamakhala mkhalidwe wa insulin, pomwe shuga sangalowe mu cell, chifukwa chake amakhala m'magazi a anthu.
• Thupi laumunthu limayambitsa njira zina kuti lisinthe shuga kukhala mphamvu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti hemoglobin iphatikizidwe.

Komabe, njira ina yothandizira mphamvu ndikosakwanira. Pamodzi ndi izi, njira za mapuloteni zimasokonekera mwa anthu, kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni kumathandizira, ndipo kupanga mapuloteni kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amawonetsa zizindikiro monga kufooka, chidwi, kusokonekera kwa dongosolo la mtima, mavuto amafupa ndi mafupa.

1. 
   Olsen BS, Mortensen X. et al. Kusamalira matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Brosha, kusindikiza kwa kampani "Novo Nordisk", 1999.27 p., Popanda kutchula kufalitsidwa.
2. 
   Matenda a Rumer-Zaraev M.. Magazini "Star", 2000, No. 2.
3. 
   Bobrovich, P.V. Mitundu yamagazi 4 - njira 4 kuchokera ku matenda ashuga / P.V. Bobrovich. - M: Potpourri, 2003 .-- 192 p.
4. Chithandizo cha endocrine matenda. M'mavoliyumu awiri. Gawo 1, Meridian - M., 2014 .-- 350 p.
5. Wayne, A.M. Hypersomnic Syndrome / A.M. Wayne. - M.: Mankhwala, 2016 .-- 236 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwazaka 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Samalani

Malinga ndi WHO, chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Pokhapokha pakhale thandizo loyenerera la thupi, matenda ashuga amabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga thupi la munthu.

Mavuto ambiri omwe amakonda ndi awa: matenda ashuga a m'mimba, nephropathy, retinopathy, zilonda zam'mimba, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, wodwala matenda ashuga amwalira, akulimbana ndi matenda opweteka, kapena amasintha kukhala munthu weniweni wolumala.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatani? Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga.

Pulogalamu ya Federal "Health Health Nation" ikuchitika, mkati mwanjira yomwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa aliyense wokhala ku Russian Federation ndi CIS ZAULERE . Kuti mumve zambiri, onani tsamba lovomerezeka la MINZDRAVA.

Matenda amtundu wachiwiri amachitika ngati mphamvu ya insulin idalephera. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala mkhalidwe womwe umatchedwa insulin.

Matendawa akufotokozedwanso kuti chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi chimakhala chokhazikika, koma sichichita bwino pa minyewa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo.

Pakakhala insulin yokwanira m'magazi, glucose sangathe kulowa mokwanira mu cell, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa njira zina zosinthira shuga, sorbitol, glycosaminoglycan, ndi glycated hemoglobin zimadziunjikira mu minofu.

Nawonso, sorbitol nthawi zambiri imayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda amkati, imasokoneza magwiridwe antchito ang'onoang'ono, ndipo imasokoneza dongosolo lamanjenje. Glycosaminoglycans amakhudza mafupa ndipo amawononga thanzi.

Pakadali pano, njira zina zothandizira shuga m'magazi sizokwanira kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi, kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi zimachepetsedwa, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni kumawonedwanso.

Owerenga athu amalemba

Ndili ndi zaka 47, ndinapezeka kuti ndili ndi matenda ashuga a 2. M'masabata angapo ndinapeza pafupifupi 15 kg. Kutopa nthawi zonse, kugona, kumva kufooka, kuwona kunayamba kukhala pansi. Nditakwanitsa zaka 66, ndinali ndikumenya insulin yanga, zonse zinali zoipa kwambiri.

Matendawa adapitilirabe, kukomoka kwakanthawi kunayamba, ambulansi imandibwezera kuchokera kudziko lina. Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti nthawi ino ikhala yomaliza.

Chilichonse chinasintha mwana wanga wamkazi atandilola kuti ndiwerenge nkhani imodzi pa intaneti. Simungayerekeze m'mene ndimamuyamikirira. Nkhaniyi inandithandiza kuthana ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amati ndi osachiritsika. Zaka 2 zapitazi ndidayamba kusuntha kwambiri, nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe ndimapita kumayiko tsiku lililonse, timakhala ndi moyo wachangu ndi amuna anga, timayenda maulendo ataliatali. Aliyense amadabwitsidwa ndimomwe ndimakwanitsira chilichonse, komwe ndimatha mphamvu zambiri, sakhulupirira kuti ndili ndi zaka 66 zakubadwa.

Ndani akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wamphamvu komanso kuiwalako za matenda oyipawa kwamuyaya, tengani mphindi 5 ndikuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Ichi chimakhala chifukwa chomwe munthu ali ndi kufooka kwa minofu, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi minofu yamatumbo amalephera. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopweteka, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone omwe amakhala ngati zinthu za metabolic zimachuluka m'magazi.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa anthu zimatha kukhala zamitundu iwiri:

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo a autoimmune zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe ka chitetezo chamthupi. Ndi chitetezo chofooka, ma antibodies amapangidwa mthupi lomwe limawononga ma cell a islets a Langerhans mu kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe.

Njira ya autoimmune imachitika chifukwa cha zochita za ma virus, komanso chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nitrosamines ndi zina zapoizoni m'thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa idiopathic zimatha kukhala njira zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga, omwe amayamba okha.

Nkhani za owerenga athu

Matenda a shuga kunyumba. Patha mwezi kuchokera pamene ndayiwala za kudumphira shuga komanso kumwa insulin. O, momwe ine ndimavutikira, kukomoka kosalekeza, kuyimba mwadzidzidzi. Kodi ndapita kangati kwa endocrinologists, koma amangonena chinthu chimodzi - "Tengani insulin." Ndipo tsopano masabata 5 apita, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, osati jakisoni imodzi ya insulini ndipo chifukwa chonse cha nkhaniyi. Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerenga!

Chifukwa chiyani mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umachitika

Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndichizolowezi, komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wopanda thanzi komanso kukhalanso ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono.

Zomwe zimapangidwira matenda a shuga a 2 ndi awa:

• Kubadwa kwamunthu
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Kupanikizika pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali
• Kupezeka kwa atherosulinosis,
• Mankhwala
• Kukhalapo kwa matenda
• Mimba, uchidakwa komanso kusuta.

Kubadwa kwamunthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu pazinthu zonse zomwe zingatheke. Wodwala akakhala ndi wachibale yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pamakhala chiopsezo choti matenda ashuga angachitike chifukwa cha chibadwa chamunthu.

Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi 30 peresenti, ndipo ngati abambo ndi amayi ali ndi nthendayi, mwa 60 peresenti ya omwe amadwala matendawa amapatsidwa ndi mwana. Ngati chibadwidwe chilipo, chimatha kuyamba kudziwoneka kale muubwana kapena unyamata.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi la mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lotengera majini kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matendawa munthawi yake. Matenda a shuga akangopezedwa, amachepetsa mwayi woti matendawa athe kufalikira. Mutha kuthana ndi matendawa powonera zakudya zinazake.

Kunenepa kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimatsogolera kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa matenda ashuga a 2. Ndi chidzalo kapena kunenepa kwambiri, thupi la wodwalayo limakhala ndi minofu yambiri ya adipose, makamaka pamimba.

Zizindikiro zotere zimabweretsa kuti munthu ali ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha zotsatira za insulin ya ma cell a cellular mthupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala ambiri onenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakubadwa kwamatenda, ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya zawo ndikudya zakudya zabwino zokha.

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Ngati chakudya cha wodwalayo chimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi fiber sizinawonedwe, izi zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwa anthu.

Kupanikizika pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Zindikirani apa:

• Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi komanso zokumana nazo m'magazi a munthu, kudzikundikira kwa zinthu monga ma catecholamines, glucocorticoids, komwe kumayambitsa kuwoneka kwa matenda ashuga wodwala, kumachitika.
• Makamaka chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lochulukirapo komanso amtundu wakudziwika.
• Ngati palibe zoyambitsa chibadwa chifukwa chakubadwa, ndiye kuti kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kungayambitse matenda a shuga, omwe angayambitse matenda angapo nthawi imodzi.
• Izi pamapeto pake zimatha kutsitsa chidwi cha insulin m'maselo a thupi. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti nthawi zonse, khalani odekha komanso osadandaula zazing'ono.

Kukhalapo kwa atherosulinosis wa nthawi yayitali, matenda oopsa, matenda amitsempha yamagaziMitima. Matenda a nthawi yayitali amatsogolera kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minyewa yam'mimba kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni.

Mankhwala. Mankhwala ena angayambitse matenda ashuga. Zina mwa izo ndi:

• okodzetsa
• glucocorticoid mahomoni opanga,
• makamaka thiazide okodzetsa,
• mankhwala ena a antihypertensive,
• mankhwala antitumor.

Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwakanthawi, makamaka maantibayotiki, kumapangitsa kuti shuga asagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti matenda a shuga.

Kukhalapo kwa matenda. Matenda a Autoimmune monga matenda a adrenal cortex osakwanira kapena autoimmune chithokomiro angayambitse matenda ashuga. Matenda opatsirana amakhala chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, makamaka pakati pa ana asukulu ndi ana asukulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amadwala.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha matenda, monga lamulo, ndicho chibadwa cha ana. Pachifukwa ichi, makolo, podziwa kuti wina m'banjamo akudwala matenda ashuga, ayenera kukhala tcheru ndi thanzi la mwana momwe angathere, osayamba kulandira chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana, ndikuchita mayeso a shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse.

Nthawi yamimba. Izi zitha kuyambitsanso kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo ngati njira zoyenera zoletsedwera komanso chithandizo sichinatenge nthawi. Mimba monga izi sizingayambitse matenda ashuga, pomwe zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kutengera kwa chibadwa zimatha kuchita bizinesi yawo yobisika.

Ngakhale azimayi atafika pa nthawi yoyembekezera, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya mosasamala ndipo musalole kuti azingodya kwambiri mafuta. Ndikofunikanso kuti usaiwale kukhala moyo wakhama komanso kuchita masewera apadera kwa amayi apakati.

Kuledzera komanso kusuta fodya. Zizolowezi zoipa zimatha kupusitsanso wodwala ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Zakumwa zokhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimapha maselo a beta a kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa ayambe.

Fotokozani

Ngati muwerenga izi, mutha kuzindikira kuti inu kapena okondedwa anu mukudwala matenda ashuga.

Tinachita kafukufuku, tinaphunzira zambiri za zida ndipo koposa zonse tinayang'ana njira ndi mankhwala ambiri a shuga. Chigamulochi ndi motere:

Ngati mankhwalawa onse akaperekedwa, zinali zotsatira zosakhalitsa, atangomaliza kudya, matendawa amakula kwambiri.

Mankhwala okhawo omwe adapereka chofunikira ndi kusiyana.

Pakadali pano, awa ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Makamaka machitidwe amphamvu a Kusiyanitsa adawonetsa koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga.

Tidafunsa Unduna wa Zaumoyo:

Ndipo kwa owerenga tsamba lathu lino mwayi
khalani ndi kusiyana ZAULERE!

Yang'anani! Milandu yogulitsa mankhwalawa yabodza Kusiyanako kwakhala komweko.
Mukayika lamulo pogwiritsa ntchito maulalo pamwambapa, mumatsimikiziridwa kuti mudzalandira malonda kuchokera kwa wopanga wamkulu. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamayitanitsa pa tsamba lovomerezeka, mumalandira chitsimikizo cha kubweza (kuphatikizapo ndalama zoyendera) ngati mankhwalawo alibe.