Mtundu wa shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yapadera yamatenda pamene wodwala alibe zizindikiro za matenda a shuga. Madokotala amati gawo ili lisanafike kapena latent, chifukwa ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe kusintha kwa thupi kumayamba kuchitika mthupi - thupi limapanga shuga wambiri, zomwe posachedwa zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Choopsa chachikulu cha matenda am'mbuyomu ndicho kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa chithunzi chilichonse. Munthu sazindikira kusintha komwe kumachitika ndi iye - kuwoneka kugona, kufoka, kutopa, motero, sikukutenga njira zochiritsira zofunikira. Popita nthawi, mitundu yamatenda a shuga amatha "kupitilira" pazigawo zina, ndipo pankhaniyi, munthu sangathe kupewa chithandizo chokwanira.

Kodi matenda ashuga aposachedwa angapezeke?

Chovuta chodziwitsa matendawa chagona mu asymptomatic course. Sindimatha kudziwa kusintha kwamatenda komanso kuyezetsa magazi kwa matenda ashuga.

Njira yokhayo yodziwira mtundu wamtundu wamatendawa ndi kuyesa kwa glucose. Kusanthula kumachitika kuchipatala.

Njira yolekerera shuga. Wodwala m'mawa, nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu, amapereka magazi. Pambuyo pa izi, 75 ml ya glucose solution imatengedwa mkati, ndiye kuti magazi amapereka mobwerezabwereza. Kuyesereraku kumakuthandizani kuzindikira kusintha m'magazi omwe angachitike mutatha kudya shuga.

Zofunika! Ngati dokotala atazindikira kuti kuyeserera kwa glucose kumawonetsa kupatuka panjira, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse shuga. Mtsogolomo, kufufuza koyenera kumachitika kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, koma zimatenga nthawi, zomwe sizabwino kutaya ndi mtundu wamtundu wa shuga.

Zifukwa zakukula kwa shuga wodwala

Sizotheka kudziwa chifukwa chomwe matendawa amayamba. Madokotala akutsimikiza kuti cholowa chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wamtundu wamatendawa ndi:

• kumangokhala
• mphamvu zofooka
• matenda kapamba
• kusasamala kwa mahomoni,
• zovuta zamanjenje, kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali,
• uchidakwa, komanso kusuta fodya.
• "Amalumpha" pamagazi othamanga,
• kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kochepa mu potaziyamu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Kukula kwa matenda abwinobwino a shuga kumawonedwa mwa anthu omwe thupi lawo limaphatikiza shuga pang'ono. Gawo langozi limaphatikizapo:

• anthu onenepa kwambiri
• matenda oopsa
• anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus,
• azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda a ovary polycystic,
• anthu okalamba
• azimayi omwe apezeka kuti ali ndi pakati posakhalitsa,
• Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi vuto lakubadwa kwa matendawa.

Kuopsa kwa matenda

Matenda owopsa a shuga amabweretsa chiopsezo ku thanzi la munthu. Chimodzi mwa matendawa ndi njira yake ya asymptomatic, koma panthawiyi kusintha kwamomwe kumachitika mwa thupi.

Matendawa amakhudza azimayi, abambo, ndi ana. Koma ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chitukuko cha mtundu wamtunduwu kumawonekera mwa akazi.

Matenda abwinobwino amachititsa kuphwanya kapangidwe ka mitsempha ya magazi mthupi, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta za mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi. Kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opha ziwopsezo kapena matenda a mtima, olemedwa ndi matenda am'mbuyomu, kumawonjezera kangapo.

Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zingawonetsetse kukula kwa matenda ashuga omwe alibe?

Nthawi zambiri, matenda opatsirana mwa odwala amapezeka mwangozi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti anthu amakhala ndi matendawa kwa zaka zambiri, osaganizira kuti adziwa. Koma azimayi kapena abambo ena amachita mantha ndi thanzi lawo ndipo amayang'anira kwambiri zosintha zomwe zayamba. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuthandizani kuzindikira matenda ashuga:

• kusintha kwa pakhungu - mawonekedwe a kuyabwa, kupindika kwambiri,
• ludzu losalekeza, kumverera kowuma pamkamwa,
• Kusintha kwa kulemera kwa njira yochepetsera kapena kuwonjezeka,
• kuwoneka kwa mavuto a mano (magazi a mano, kutekeseka ndi mano osakhazikika),
• kuchepa kwa khungu
• maonekedwe a mphwayi,
• kutopa,
• kuvutika kugona
• kusweka mtima
• kupweteka m'mutu
• kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopatsa chidwi,
• kusowa pogonana (kuchitira amuna),
• utachepa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mawonekedwe owoneka.

Zizindikiro za shuga yam'mbuyomu mwa akazi

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapezeka mwa amayi kuti apezeke ndi matenda am'mbuyomu ndi:

1. Tsitsi louma komanso lophimba
2. kupindika msomali
3. kuyabwa mu perineum
4. utoto wa khungu.

Kudziwona kwakanthawi kwa zizindikiro zamatenda amtundu wamatenda kumakulitsa mwayi wopewera kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Chithandizo chokwanira komanso chapanthawi yake chingalepheretse kutembenuka kwa mawonekedwe kuti mukhale yogwira, kuchepetsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwa matenda.

Zizindikiro

Nthawi zambiri kupezeka kwa matenda kumayambitsa zovuta. Matenda abwinobwino sakhala ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, kotero odwala amapita kuchipatala kale ali ndi matendawo.

Komabe, ndikothekanso kuzindikira kusintha kwa matenda omwe amachitika m'thupi. Chifukwa chaichi, odwala amalembedwa:

• kuyeserera kwa glucose
• kudutsa kuyesa kwamkodzo kuti adziwe mtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Zotsatira za zoyesa zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matendawa ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Kudzipatsa mankhwala panthawiyi ndi kowopsa kwambiri paumoyo wa anthu. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo sangakhale opanda ntchito, komanso angokulitse zomwe zikuchitika ndikupangitsa kusinthika kwachangu kwa mtundu wamatenda am'magazi kukhala yogwira ntchito.

Njira yochizira

Kutsatira malingaliro onse a dokotala kungathandize kupewa kusintha kwa mtundu wamtunduwu kukhala matenda ashuga okhazikika. Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Kusunganso menyu wazabwino komanso wathanzi ndi chimodzi mwazikulu za njira zokwanira zothandizira anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Zakudya zochizira zimathandizira kuteteza kagayidwe, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumabwezeretsa munthu kulemera, kukhala bwino.
• Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumathandizira kubwezeretsa kagayidwe. Kukula kwa minofu yambiri (komwe kumawonedwa pamasewera) kumabweretsa kuyamwa kwa glucose mu minofu minofu, motero, mulingo wa chinthu ichi m'magazi umachepa.
• Imwani mitundu yonse ya mankhwala omwe adokotala adakupatsani. Monga lamulo, ndi mtundu womaliza wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala amaikidwa kuti amange kenako ndikuchotsa shuga m'thupi.
• Pewani zizolowezi zoipa.
• Tengani mavitamini ovuta kulimbitsa chitetezo chathupi.
• Imwani (mogwirizana ndi dokotala) mankhwala azitsamba omwe amalimbitsa kagayidwe.

Matenda a shuga opweteka ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwika. Komabe, kusintha kwa m'matumbo kungayambitse zovuta zazikulu. Kufika kwa dokotala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala moyenera kungathandize kupewa matendawa.

Dzina langa ndine Andrey, ndakhala ndikudwala matenda ashuga kwa zaka zoposa 35. Zikomo chifukwa chakuyendera tsamba langa. Diabei za kuthandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Ndimalemba nkhani zokhudzana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo ndimalangiza pandekha anthu aku Moscow omwe amafunikira thandizo, chifukwa pazaka zambiri zapitazi ndawona zinthu zambiri kuchokera pazomwe ndakumana nazo, ndayesera njira zambiri komanso mankhwala. Chaka chino cha 2019, ukadaulo ukupanga kwambiri, anthu samadziwa za zinthu zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa pakalipano kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga, motero ndidapeza cholinga changa ndikuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, momwe angathere, kukhala osavuta komanso osangalala.

Kodi matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu

Pathology imatha kudutsa asymptomatic kwa zaka. Matenda a shuga ndi gawo loyamba la matendawa. Amawoneka modzidzimutsa.

Ngati munthu ali ndi ludzu nthawi zonse (motere, amamwa madzi ambiri) ndipo amakonda kukodza pafupipafupi, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha mawonekedwe amtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Impso zimathandizira kuyeretsa thupi: amachotsa shuga owonjezera mwachilengedwe. Madzi otayika amadzimiranso chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri.

Mtundu womaliza wa matenda a shuga umapezeka ndi mayeso a labotale.

Gulu lamavuto

Pali magulu angapo a anthu omwe amakonda matenda ashuga.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Anthu azaka zopuma pantchito. 85% ya anthu odwala matenda am'mbuyomu ndi omwe amapuma pantchito.
• Odwala omwe ali ndi chibadwa chofuna matenda.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi mapaundi owonjezera: kulemera kumeneku kumathandizidwa ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya, kusowa kwa zakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti metabolic ayambe kukulira, kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika.
• Amayi oyembekezera. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni komanso kulemera kwake.
• Anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo: matenda omwe amawononga chamba, samalola kuti insulini ipangidwe moyenera.

Anthu awa amafunika kuyanikidwa nthawi zonse kuti adziwe za matenda ashuga komanso kuwunika thanzi lawo. Zizindikiro mwa akazi zimasiyana ndi zaka.

Zizindikiro

Matenda a shuga oopsa ndi matenda ofala. Chiwerengero cha odwala chikukula chaka chilichonse. Zimachitika kuti anthu amakokera kunja akupempha thandizo kwa katswiri, ngakhale matendawo ali kumapeto ndipo amakhala ndi ngozi kwa munthuyo.

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Kuti mupeze matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga m'magawo oyambira, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zotsatirazi:

• wodwala akufuna kumwa tsiku lonse,
• kukodza pafupipafupi kumawonekera
• kukanika kwa erectile
• kunenepa
• kusabala
• mantha
• Khungu lowuma komanso loyera
• Mabala pakhungu samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• njala yosalekeza.

Zizindikiro za matenda abwinobwino a azimayi amawonekera mu msambo.

Posakhalitsa zifukwa za thanzi lamtunduwu zimafotokozedwera, wodwalayo amayamba kuchiza matenda ashuga ndipo abwera bwino.

Kodi matenda ashuga owopsa

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za WHO, pafupifupi anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zina. Kuperewera kwa chithandizo chamankhwala choyenera kumathandizira kuti pakhale matenda akuluakulu, thupi la munthu limawonongeka.

Mavuto otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka:

Chifukwa cha izi, akatswiri a zamankhwala amatulutsa zotupa za khansa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kupunduka kapena kufa. Matenda obisika amasintha kagayidwe kachakudya, chifukwa chake zinthu zomwe sizinapezeke bwino sizimalira impso. Zinyalala zomwe zimayikidwa zimakhala m'magazi, zimathandizira poizoni.

Machitidwe a mtima, maselo amitsempha ndi ziwalo zazikulu zamkati zimakhudzidwa. Zotengera zimachepa, kusweka, magazi amayenda.

Choyamba, ziwiya zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa, chifukwa chake, kachiwonetsero koyamba kamakhala kovunda (maselo amachepetsa), impso (zonse zimatsukidwa kuchokera mthupi chifukwa chokana kukoka pafupipafupi), khungu la mapazi limakulirakulira.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za matendawa zimawonedwa kuti ndi matenda ashuga, pomwe wodwala amataya chikumbumtima, thupi lonse limasokonezeka. Gawo lofotokozedwalo limayamba ngati palibe chithandizo chanthawi yake.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mtundu wamtundu wa shuga ndikutha kupita mu mawonekedwe owopsa. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zoyambirira zikafika, zimayenera kudutsa mayeso a labotale ndipo mukatsimikizira kuti mwazindikira, yambirani chithandizo.

Mankhwala

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, dokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ("Acarbose") ndi biguanide ("Metformin").

Mankhwalawa amasokoneza kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa. Amatengedwa tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka. Mutha kukonza zotsatira ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe amachepetsa index ya glycemic.

Chithandizo cha kunyumba

Chithandizo cha kunyumba ndikutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, kumwa mankhwala.

Zizolowezi zina zimafunika kusintha:

• Vitamini ma protein osankhidwa ndi katswiri amayenera kumudya nthawi zonse, omwe amadzaza thupi ndi michere,
• kumwa decoctions ndi infusions mankhwala azitsamba.

Mwachitsanzo, ma buluku amachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi cholesterol. Mutha kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa masamba: 2 tbsp. masamba owuma kutsanulira 0,5 malita. madzi otentha, ofunda mumadzi osamba kwa mphindi 15 ndikuumirira mu thermos kwa mphindi 40. Zosakaniza zosakanikirana zimasefedwa ndikuledzera m'malo mwa tiyi, chikho 1 katatu patsiku.

Mazira a nkhuku osapsa amasakanizidwa ndi 50 ml ya mandimu ndi kumwa 1 nthawi patsiku 30 mphindi musanadye. Gwiritsani ntchito maphunzirowa - phwando la masiku atatu, masiku atatu yopuma (ndi zina zotero kwa mwezi umodzi).

Moyo & Zakudya

Moyo uyenera kusintha. Muyenera kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika kuti mubwezeretsenso kagayidwe. Minofu yamatenda imatenga gawo la glucose, ndipo zomwe zimakhala m'magazi zimachepa.

Zizolowezi zoyipa ziyenera kuletsedwa, zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Ndikofunikanso kusintha magwiritsidwe azikhalidwe. Izi zimathandiza kubweretsa kagayidwe kachakudya njira yofananira, imagwirizira ntchito ya mtima.

Kutsatira zakudya zomwe zili ndi matenda ashuga a latent kumatanthauza kuti kuletsa zakudya zovulaza:

• mafuta
• soseji
• ankasuta nyama
• maswiti ndi makeke,
• zakumwa zokoma za kaboni ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Tiyi ndi khofi zimatha kumwa pang'ono. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kudya masamba, zipatso, nyama ndi nsomba. Maswiti amaloŵa m'malo mwa shuga. Kuphika chakudya muma boiler kapena mphodza ziwiri. Muyenera kudya kumanja: m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso nthawi zambiri.

Kupewa ndi malingaliro

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga am'mimba ndi:

• kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi,
• kutsatira malamulo azakudya,
• kulimbana ndi anthu osokoneza bongo
• kuwongolera kwa zolemetsa.

Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amakonda kuyambika kwa matendawa ayenera kuwunika bwinobwino thanzi lawo. Matenda a shuga operewera ndi matenda opatsirana, popeza zomwe zizindikiro zake sizidziwika nthawi yomweyo. Kukaikiridwa kocheperako kukaonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikuyezetsa magazi kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

LADA shuga: ndi chiyani?

Sikuti aliyense ali ndi lingaliro kuti kuwonjezera pa mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga, palinso mitundu yake yapadera, yomwe imaphatikizapo LADA.

Dzinalo limapatsidwa mtundu wamakono wa matenda a autoimmune omwe amawonera odwala omwe ali achikulire, pomwe ana sakudziwika nawo.

Dziwani kuti wodwala aliyense yemwe amagwira m'gulu la odwala matenda a shuga a LADA, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba I, amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin chofunikira, chovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, thupi la wodwalayo limayamba kuvutika ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulin.

Zotsatira zake, njira za autoimmune zimachitika. Mkhalidwe wopweteka wotere umayenda limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungu lililonse la insulin zida za wodwala wamkulu kuposa zaka 35. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matenda ashuga amtunduwu amayamba pang'onopang'ono ndikufanana ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu II.

Zowona, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo, komwe kumadzaza mpaka kuti poyambira maselo onse a beta amafa kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupangika kwa mahomoni kusanduke.

Nthawi zambiri, kudalira 100% pakulandira insulin yowonjezera kumapangidwa mu nthawi ya zaka 1-3 kuyambira nthawi yomwe matendawa amapangika.

Komanso, matendawa amatengedwa ndi zizindikiro wamba mwa amuna ndi akazi.

Mitundu ya matenda

Matendawa omwe akufunsidwa amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Iliyonse ya izo ili ndi mtundu wake wosiyanitsa. Komanso, ngakhale chithandizo cha gawo loyambilira la matenda onsewa chimachitika molingana ndimalingaliro osiyanasiyana.

Komabe, nthawi yochulukirapo ikadutsa nthawi yomwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe samatchulidwaponso ndi zizindikiro za mitundu yake, ndipo njira ya chithandizo ikuchitika kale momwemo.

Masiku ano, madokotala amasiyanitsa matenda otsatirawa:

1. lembani matenda ashuga. Amawerengedwa ngati mtundu wodalira insulini ndipo ali m'gulu la odwala matenda ovuta, ndipo odwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya zosasamala. Matendawa amasokoneza maselo a kapamba. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oterewa amakakamizidwa kubaya jakisoni pafupipafupi, popeza amawonongeka m'mimba
2. mtundu II matenda a shuga. Matendawa afotokozeredwa kuti ali ndi insulin popanda kudziimira ndipo amapangidwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri. Ndi matenda ashuga otere, maselo mthupi amalandila michere yambiri, zomwe zimawachititsa kuti athetse insulin.

Ndi chitukuko cha mtundu II wa nthendayi yomwe tafotokozayi, sikuti nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kupereka jakisoni wa insulin kwa wodwala. Ndipo endocrinologist amayankha funso ili lokha. Zowona, zakudya zopangidwa mwapadera nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa odwala otero, pofuna kuchepetsa thupi, koma osaposa 3 kg pamwezi.

Zakudya zikakhala zopanda phindu, madokotala amati mapiritsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa shuga ya magazi. Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati matendawa amatha kuopseza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga wam'mawere amawoneka?

Mapangidwe a shuga a latent amatha kuwoneka mwa amuna ndi akazi, omwe ali odziimira kwathunthu azaka zawo. Komabe, aliyense ayenera kudziwa za zifukwa zake zazikulu.

Chifukwa chake, shuga wobisika amawonekera pamene:

Kuphatikiza apo, "zovuta" zoterezi zimatha kuchitika motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa sitiroko, kugunda kwa mtima, kulimbikira. Kusuta fodya, kuledzera, kusachita bwino kwazomwe zimachitika munkhumbu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kungapangitsenso kuchuluka kwa magazi lactose.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda am'mbuyomu azimayi ndi amuna

Matenda abwinobwino a shuga amakhala asymptomatic ndipo ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, gawo linalake la matenda oterewa ndi kusowa kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zingawonetse kukula kwake. Fomu iyi ndi mtundu wamalire omwe amapezeka kale ndi matenda ashuga.

Pachifukwa ichi, kuzindikira kwake kwakanthawi kumakhala kopambana, popeza pali mwayi woletsa kuyambika kwa mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Masiku ano, madokotala amawonetsa zizindikiro zomwe mungaphunzirepo ngati mukudwala matendawa. Komanso, Zizindikirozi zimasiyana pang'ono kutengera jenda.

Mzimayi yemwe ali ndi matenda obisika amawonetsetsa kupezeka kwa:

Ponena za abambo, nthawi yawo yoyambirira ya matenda ashuga ogwirika sikuwoneka chifukwa chosakhalapo ndi zizindikilo zake zakunja. Izi zimasokoneza kwambiri njira yodziwira matendawa.

Komabe, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchenjeza mwamunayo:

• kumenyedwa pafupipafupi ndi njala yayikulu, chifukwa cha zovuta ndi mayamwidwe a shuga,
• Kukumana ndi kutopa kwambiri, kugona ndi kutopa chifukwa chosowa mphamvu,
• kukwiya, kumva kuyaka pakhungu (zikhato, zokutira, mapazi),
• kusintha kwakuthupi msanga,
• thukuta lalikulu.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, kaya ndi mkazi kapena bambo, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Momwe mungadziwire ndi kuzindikira?

Chifukwa chake, wodwala nthawi zambiri amapita kuchithandizo choyenera ngakhale ndi mawonekedwe osiyidwa.

Koma ndizotheka kuzizindikira. Kuzindikiridwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a latent shuga kumachitika mwa njira yolekerera shuga - TSH.

Chofunika cha njirayi ndikuti wodwalayo amayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pake amapatsidwa 75 ml ya shuga. Pambuyo pa maola atatu, muyeso umabwerezedwa. Kusintha kwina kukafufuzidwa, matenda a shuga amapezeka, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi apangidwe.

Komabe, tanthauzo la matenda ashuga ndiwofunika kwambiri. Njirayi ndi yovomerezeka ngati pali maluso apamwamba a labotale. Pazifukwa izi, njira ina, yosavuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mtundu wobisika wa shuga.

Njira yosavuta imaphatikizapo kuperekera mkodzo ndi wodwala musanadye mankhwala ena ake. Zosefera zodzitchinjiriza za munthu wathanzi sizidutsa shuga, pomwe zilowa mkodzo, pamakhala chifukwa choganizira kuti shuga yaposachedwa imayamba.

Chithandizo cha matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga

Matenda a shuga oopsa ndi vuto loopsa, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amayenera kuchitika kuchipatala. Koma kuchiritsa sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kwakukulu.

Masiku ano, pali njira zingapo zamankhwala zomwe tafotokozazi, monga:

1. mankhwala. Matenda osokoneza bongo amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wovomerezeka wa insulin. Kupititsa patsogolo chidwi cha timadzi timeneti kuchokera ku zotumphukira, komanso matupi athupi, madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina zochokera ku Biguanides - glitazones,
2. wowerengeka azitsamba. Maphunziro a matenda omwe afotokozedawa amatha kuthandizidwa ndi njirayi. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito njira imeneyi, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala. Pochiza matenda a shuga, pafupifupi mitundu mazana awiri azitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kupezeka kwa shuga. Komabe, ndi njira iyi, simuyenera kudalira zotsatira zachangu,
3. kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za pulogalamu ya matenda ashuga odwala matenda ashuga ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amamwa, zosakanikirana zomanga thupi zosankha zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, potaziyamu. Zamasamba ziyenera kudyedwa yaiwisi kapena yophika. Komanso, wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera "kumwa" tiyi, khofi ndi mowa, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti calcium itaye. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuti muchepetse kunenepa, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga otsala.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Pazakuwonetsa za matenda am'mbuyomu omwe ali mu vidiyoyi:

Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti matenda oopsa monga matenda am'mbuyomu amafunika njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira matenda ake, komanso chithandizo. Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi obisika, komabe pali zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka ndi matendawa.

Pazonse, kupambana kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kumadalira momwe matenda amapezeka, komanso njira yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yabwino ndiyothandiza kuphatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, njira ya chithandizo iyenera kutsimikizidwa kokha ndi katswiri atadutsa mayeso oyenera.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Zimabwezeretsa kupanga kwa insulin

Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->

Malangizo azakudya zopatsa thanzi

Zakudya zoyenera kwa munthu aliyense zimakhala ndi zake, kuchokera pazoyangika zina zonse, ndizobweretsa chakudya chamafuta othamanga, monga maswiti ochulukitsa, makeke, makeke ndi zinthu zina zophikira kutalika kwambiri (chimanga, masamba). Zakudya zamafuta zamagulu ochulukirapo (nkhumba ya ng'ombe, nkhuku, kalulu, nkhuku).

Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito yokazinga, zonunkhira ndikusintha ndi yophika kapena yophika mu uvuni. Nyama zosuta, soseji, mafuta amtundu wa tchizi ayenera kusinthidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi nkhuku yophika bwino ya nkhuku, tchizi cha Adyghe, tchizi cha feta kapena suluguni. Sipadzakhala vuto lililonse pazinthu izi, koma zambiri zopindulitsa. Komanso, yokazinga siyothandiza osati kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, koma zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kuti mafuta ndi mafuta achinsinsi amawonongeka (zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha njira za khansa) mukamazirala. Chifukwa chake, mudzateteza kapamba wanu ku chakudya cholemera. Kudya zamasamba atsopano, kumwa madzi ambiri oyera kumathandizanso kagayidwe, kameneka kumathandizanso kuchepetsa thupi.

Gawo lachitatu, atatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya, mankhwalawa a shuga a mellitus ndi mankhwala omwe adokotala amupatsa mu mawonekedwe a piritsi. Chithandizo choterechi chitha kukhala chothandiza pokhapokha ngati mwasintha moyo wanu wonse, pankhani yokhudza kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Madokotala amapereka Metformin makamaka. Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amasankhidwa mu endocrinology pochizira mawonetseredwe oyamba a shuga. Dokotalayo amasankha mankhwalawo komanso manambala a mankhwalawo, kuyambira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kodi matenda ashuga amabisirana chiyani?

Uwu ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira, chifukwa zizindikirazi zimatha kukhala chete kwa nthawi yayitali osadziwonetsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake munthu amafufuza chithandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri azachipatala kwa mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga omwe amakhala nawo.

Kuyesa kwelebhu kumathandizira kuzindikira matenda ashuga.

Sichidziwitso, koma gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga.

Nthawi imeneyi, glucose synthesis amayamba kuchepa pang'ono. Mphengoyi ikupangabe insulin, koma zosayimira m'makina zikuwonekera kale.

Ndani amadwala matendawa?

Poyamba tinkakhulupirira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi shuga ambiri amapezeka kuti akhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga. Masiku ano, kafukufuku wa zamankhwala akuwonetsa kuti thupi laumunthu limatha kupanga gawo lalikulu la insulini poyankha shuga wambiri, potero limathandizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga. Chifukwa chake, titha kusiyanitsa zinthu zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

1. Zaka za munthu. Munthu akamakula, ndiye kuti amapanga insulini yocheperako. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 70% ya okalamba amatenga matenda omwe atchulidwa kale.
2. Chofunikira pakukula kwa matendawa ndi cholowa. Ngati m'mbiri ya anthu panali achibale opitilira awiri omwe akudwala matendawa, ndiye kuti mwayi wodwala ndiwokwera kwambiri.
3. Kagayidwe kachakudya. Anthu onenepa kwambiri amatha kutenga matenda ashuga.
4. Makamaka azimayi oyembekezera ayenera kuyang'anira momwe matupi awo alili shuga.
5. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a kapamba ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kupatula apo, ndi iye, yemwe amapanga insulini, amayambitsa mapangidwe a shuga, motero akuletsa mapangidwe a shuga m'magazi.
6. Matenda obisala obisika amakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chathupi chofooka. Kufooka m'thupi kumabweretsa chimfine kawirikawiri.

Muzochitika izi, ndikofunikira kuti muganize ndikuyesa magazi kuti mupeze gawo la shuga lomwe lilimo.

Zizindikiro za Matenda A shuga

Monga matenda ena aliwonse, mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga umakhala ndi zake:

1. Khungu limakhala louma komanso lotuwa.
2. Kutupa kumapangidwa pakhungu. Izi ndichifukwa choti kupangika kwa glucose wambiri m'magazi kumawononga chotchinga cha khungu. Chifukwa chake, khungu limakhala pachiwopsezo cha tizilombo tambiri timene timayambitsa.
3. Kuyimba kovuta komwe kumapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga apitirire ndi pakamwa pouma. Ngakhale kuti alibe ntchito zolimbitsa thupi komanso kutentha, munthu amakhala ndi ludzu.
4. Amathamangitsidwa pokoka pafupipafupi pang'ono.
5. Kukula msanga kapena mosiyanasiyana kumachepetsa thupi.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti si aliyense amene akuwonetsa zizindikiro, kotero kuyesa nthawi zonse kuti mupeze kapena kutsimikiza matenda osokoneza bongo ndichisankho choyenera.

Kodi nthendayi imakhala pachiwopsezo chiti?

Pa nthawi yoyamba yobisika, munthu samva chilichonse, koma m'kupita kwanthawi mkhalidwe wake umakulirakulira. Kodi matenda ashuga achilengedwe ndi oopsa bwanji? Ngozi ili motere:

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.
2. Matenda a shuga amathandizira kuti pakhale matenda a mtima.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, matenda otsatirawa amapezeka:

1. Matenda a Polycystic ndi vuto lomwe limayendera limodzi ndi kupangika kwa ma cysts angapo pamimba yam'mimba yomwe imasokoneza dzira. Izi makamaka ndizovuta zazimayi, koma matenda ashuga amathandizira kuti mapangidwe a cysts akhale abambo.
2. Matenda a mtima.
3. Hypertension ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
4. Vein thrombosis ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azipanga m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imasokoneza kayendedwe kabwinobwino ka magazi.
5. Kulephera kwa mtima ndi matenda opatsirana pomwe ntchito ya chiwalo chachikulu imasokonekera mu mawonekedwe owopsa kapena osakhazikika, chifukwa chomwe ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo zathupi la munthu sizipatsidwa magazi okwanira, ndiye kuti, magazi amawasokoneza.
6. Kutupa kwa thumba la mtima lakunja lakumtima, komwe kuli chiwalo, komwe kuli.

Matendawa akafika pagawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu, wodwalayo amapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulini, chifukwa kapamba sangakhalepo mokwanira. Insulin imathandizira kuti shuga ipangidwe ndikusiya magazi.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Ngati alipo, kuwongolera kwambiri shuga wamagazi, muyenera kudya pafupipafupi ndi jakisoni wa insulin.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani glucose amaleka kulowetsedwa ndi thupi?

Kulekerera kwa shuga wambiri ndi gawo lachipatala lomwe limawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwezedwa, koma osati kwambiri kuti adziwe matenda a shuga.

Glucose ndi chakudya champhamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za kupsinjika kwa glucose zolimbitsa thupi zitha kukhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa chakudya m'thupi, zomwe ndi:

1. Munthu amazunzidwa ndi thukuta lomwe limayamba chifukwa chophwanya hydrolysis m'thupi.
2. Madzi osamwa osasinthika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ludzu losatha komanso pakamwa lowuma.
3. Thupi la munthu limapanga asidi wambiri wa acetyl, yemwe amawotcha mitsempha. Munthu amakhala wamanjenje komanso wosakwiya. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa hypovitaminosis.
4. Munthu amakhala ndi chikakamizo pafupipafupi kukhetsa, pomwe mtundu wa mkodowo umayamba kuzimiririka pang'ono.

Chizindikiro ngati ichi mu shuga chimadziwika ndi matenda a Girke. Ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha kulolerana kwa glucose.

Kusanthula kwapadera kwa matenda ashuga

Ngati mwayezetsa magazi ku chipatala, mwakayezetsa zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo simunapeze njira zopatuka m'magazi, izi sizitanthauza kuti matendawa samakukhumudwitsani.

Pali kusanthula kwapadera kwa matenda ashuga achilengedwe. Ndi gulu loyesa lomwe limazindikira zomwe zimachitika pakubwera kwa ma antibodies.

Poyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zili m'magazi m'magazi panthawi yogwira ntchito yachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyezetsa magazi kopanda kanthu kumatengedwa. Ngati mayeso a Laborator adawonetsa kupezeka kwa glucose osakwana 100 mg / dl, ndiye kuti izi ndizomwe zimachitika. Ngati zizindikirozo zinali mpaka 130 mg / dl, ndiye kuti izi ndizochulukirapo, koma matenda a shuga sikokwanira pakuzindikira.

Kenako amapatsira kusanthula kwapadera. Patsiku loperekera chakudya, sadziika malire. Asanalandire magazi, amamwa kapu yamadzi yokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndipo atatha maola awiri amapereka sampuli.

Kusanthula kumeneku sikungowonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa chake.

Ngati glucose apamwamba kuposa 140 mg / dl ndipo insulini sikokwanira, kuwunika kwa matenda apamwamba a shuga amapangidwa.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Ngakhale simukuwona zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, onetsetsani kuti sizikuwoneka. Nazi njira zopewera zazikulu:

1. Masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuti tikwaniritse zolimbitsa thupi lonse, mphindi 30 zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse ndizokwanira. Uku sikuyenera kukhala chipinda cholimbitsa thupi. Kukwera masitepe, kusambira, kuthamanga, masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa, kuyenda mu mpweya watsopano ndikabwino.
2. Kupewa zinthu zosautsa mtima.
3. Zakudya zoyenera.

Ngati mumasamala zaumoyo wanu, siyani mowa ndi kusuta. Idyani mavitamini ambiri ndikuzisamalira ku mankhwala azitsamba.

Matenda amafalikira

Pali lingaliro lakuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda amakono, vuto la chitukuko chathu komanso kuwerengera moyo wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zizikhala ndi chakudya chambiri. Komabe, izi siziri choncho, chifukwa chomwe shuga ali, amadziwika kwambiri mdziko lakale, ku Greece ndi Roma wakale. Mawu oti "shuga" amachokera ku Greek. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, amatanthauza "kudutsa." Kutanthauzira kumeneku kukuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga - ludzu losasinthika komanso kukodza kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, zinkawoneka kuti timadzi tambiri timene munthu amapereka kudzera m'thupi lake.

Madokotala akale adatha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda omwe wodwalayo anali nawo, ndipo mtundu woyamba wa matenda amawoneka ngati wosapweteka ndipo umayambitsa kufa koyambirira, ndipo wachiwiri adathandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, ubale wa matenda ashuga mwa anthu ndi kapamba ndi insulin wakukhazikitsidwa kokha m'zaka za zana la 20. Kenako anakwanitsa kupeza insulin kuchokera kapamba wamafuta. Izi zapangitsa kuti insulin idwale.

Matenda a shuga masiku ano ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, pali odwala pafupifupi 250 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (makamaka amtundu wachiwiri), ndipo kuchuluka kwa omwe ali nako kumakhala kukukulirakulira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga asakhale othandizira, komanso ovuta. Ku Russia, matendawa amawonedwa ndi 6% ya anthu, ndipo m'maiko ena amalembedwa mwa khumi aliyense. Ngakhale madotolo amakhulupirira kuti ziwerengerozi zitha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Zowonadi, mwa iwo omwe akudwala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, zizindikiro za matenda zimafotokozedwa ofooka kwambiri m'mayambiriro. Chiwerengero chonse cha odwala matenda ashuga, poganizira izi, akuti akuti alipo mamiliyoni 400. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amapezeka mwa akulu, koma pafupifupi 0% ya ana nawonso amadwala matendawa. Kuneneratu za kufalikira kwa matenda ashuga mtsogolomo ndikhumudwitsa - zikuyembekezeka kuti mu 2030 kuchuluka kwa odwala kuchulukanso.

Pali kusiyana kwamitundu mu mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2. Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amatha kukhudza oimira amtundu wa Mongoloid ndi Negroid kuposa a Caucasians.

Kuchuluka kwa matenda a carbohydrate metabolism padziko lapansi

Matendawa ndi a m'gulu la endocrine. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda a shuga amabwera chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito m'magazi a endocrine. Pankhani ya matenda ashuga, tikulankhula zakuchepa kwa zotsatira za thupi la munthu wapadera - insulin. Mu shuga mellitus, zimakhala zimamva kusowa - kaya mtheradi kapena wachibale.

Ntchito ya insulin

Chifukwa chake, kuyambika kwa shuga kumayenderana kwambiri ndi insulin. Koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa mtundu wa chinthu, komwe amachokera ndi zomwe amagwira. Insulin ndi mapuloteni apadera. Kuphatikizika kwake kumachitika m'njira yapadera yamkati yamkati yomwe ili pansi pamimba ya munthu - kapamba. Kunena zowona, sikuti minofu yonse yapancreatic yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga insulin, koma gawo limodzi lokha. Ma cell a gland omwe amapanga insulini amatchedwa maselo a beta ndipo amapezeka m'malo apadera a Langerhans omwe amapezeka pakati pa tinthu timene timatulutsidwa. Mawu akuti "insulin" pawokha amachokera ku liu loti insula, lomwe mu Latin limatanthawuza "islet."

Ntchito za insulin zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kagayidwe kazinthu zofunika monga chakudya. Munthu amatha kudya chakudya chamagulu okha ndi chakudya. Popeza chakudya chopatsa mphamvu ndimphamvu zambiri, zochitika zambiri zathupi zomwe zimachitika m'maselo ndizosatheka popanda chakudya. Zowona, sikuti mafuta onse omwe amamwe thupi. M'malo mwake, shuga ndi chakudya chachikulu m'thupi. Popanda glucose, maselo amthupi sangathe kupeza mphamvu zochuluka. Insulin samangophatikizidwa ndi kutenga shuga. Makamaka, ntchito yake ndikupanga mafuta acids.

Glucose ndi m'gulu la zopatsa mphamvu zosavuta. Fructose (shuga ya zipatso), yomwe imapezeka mu zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso, ilinso m'gulu lino. Mthupi, fructose imapangidwa mu chiwindi mpaka glucose. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wosavuta (disaccharides) ndi sucrose, yomwe ndi gawo la zinthu monga shuga wokhazikika, ndi lactose, yomwe ndi gawo la zinthu zamkaka. Mitundu yamafuta awa imasungidwanso mpaka glucose. Izi zimachitika m'matumbo.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma polysaccharides angapo (ma carbohydrate) okhala ndi unyolo wamtali wautali. Zina mwa izo, monga wowuma, sizingatengeke bwino ndi thupi, pomwe mafuta ena, monga pectin, hemicellulose ndi cellulose, samaphwanya konse m'matumbo. Komabe, ma carbohydrate amenewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugaya chakudya, kupititsa patsogolo mayamwidwe ena a michere ina ndikusunganso kuchuluka kwa microflora yamatumbo.

Ngakhale kuti glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu yama cell, minofu yambiri imalephera kuzitenga mwachindunji. Chifukwa chaichi, maselo amafunikira insulini. Organs omwe sangakhalepo popanda insulini amadalira insulin. Ndi ochepa ochepa okha omwe amatha kulandira glucose popanda insulin (monga, mwachitsanzo, ma cell a ubongo). Minofu yotereyi imatchedwa insulin-Independent. Kwa ziwalo zina, shuga ndiye gwero lokha lamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, ku ubongo womwewo).

Zotsatira zake zimakhala chiyani, pazifukwa zina, maselo akusowa insulini? Izi zimawonekera mu njira ziwiri zoyipa zoyipa. Choyamba, maselo sangathe kulandira glucose ndipo adzafa ndi njala. Chifukwa chake, ziwalo zambiri komanso minyewa sizitha kugwira ntchito moyenera. Komabe, glucose wosagwiritsidwa ntchito amadzunjikira m'thupi, makamaka m'magazi. Matendawa amatchedwa hyperglycemia. Zowona, shuga wambiri nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'chiwindi ngati glycogen (kuchokera komwe kungathe, ngati kuli kotheka, kubwerera m'magazi), koma insulini imafunikanso kuti isinthe glucose kukhala glycogen.

Magazi a glucose abwinobwino amachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Kutsimikiza kwa mtengowu kumachitika ngati magazi atengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa kudya nthawi zonse kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwakanthawi kochepa. Shuga owonjezera amadziunjikira m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu mu malo ake, mawonekedwe a shuga pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa ma pathologies osiyanasiyana am'magazi ndipo, pamapeto pake, kumagwira ntchito matumbo ambiri. Njirayi, kuphatikiza shuga ochulukitsitsa m'magazi, imatchedwa shuga mellitus.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga ndi mitundu yake

Makina a pathogenesis a matendawa amatsitsidwa kukhala mitundu iwiri yayikulu. Poyamba, shuga wambiri amachititsa kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka insulin. Zodabwitsazi zimatha kuonekera chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana za matenda, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kutupa kwa kapamba - kapamba.

Mtundu wina wa shuga umawonedwa ngati kupanga kwa insulin sikunachepe, koma kumakhala koyenera (kapena mwina pamwamba pake). Njira yotsogola yopangira matenda a shuga pankhaniyi ndiyosiyana - kutayika kwa minofu kumapangitsa insulini.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umatchedwa - shuga yamtundu woyamba, ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda - matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri. Nthawi zina matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga amatchedwanso insulin, ndipo matenda a shuga a 2 amatchedwa osadalira insulin.

Palinso mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga - gestational, AMODZI-matenda ashuga, matenda a shuga a autoentmune, ndi ena ambiri. Komabe, ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu iwiri yayikuluyo.

Kuphatikiza apo, shuga insipidus iyenera kuganiziridwa padera ndi matenda ashuga. Awa ndi dzina la mtundu wa matenda omwe amakwaniritsa kukodza (polyuria), koma samayambitsidwa ndi hyperglycemia, koma ndi zifukwa zina, monga matenda a impso kapena a pituitary.

Ngakhale kuti shuga mellitus ali ndi machitidwe omwe amawagwirizanitsa, zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga onse amitundu yayikulu ndizosiyana kwambiri.

Mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga - osiyana nawo

Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga

Matendawa amapezeka mwa khumi alionse odwala kuchokera kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa. Komabe, mwa mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga, mtundu woyamba wa shuga umawerengedwa kuti ndiwowopsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri umatha kubweretsa mavuto.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, monga lamulo, ndi matenda omwe amapezeka. Amayamba chifukwa chovuta kugwira ntchito kapamba. Kutheka kwa gland kumatsatiridwa ndikuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a shuga. Kodi chitsulo chimaleka kugwira ntchito chifukwa chiyani? Vutoli limatha kuwonekera chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kutukusira kwa England. Nthawi zambiri, imayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zapakhungu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a autoimmune, pomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kugunda maselo a pancreatic. Komanso, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umachitika chifukwa cha khansa. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa ndi cholowa cham'tsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, mikhalidwe ina imathandizira kupezeka kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga:

• mavuto omwe munthu wakumana nawo
• kapamba cell hypoxia,
• Zakudya zosayenera (zamafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zochepa zama protein).

Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa wodalira insulin kumachitika ali aang'ono (mpaka zaka 30). Komabe, ngakhale anthu okalamba sakhala ndi matendawa.

Kodi matenda ashuga 1 amawonekera bwanji?

Matendawa amadziwika ndi gawo loyambilira, kotero nthawi zambiri zovuta za matenda a shuga sizovuta kuzizindikira. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga ndi ludzu lalikulu, kumwa madzi ambiri. Momwemo, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wamafuta (polyuria) kumakulanso. Mkodzo wa wodwala nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, komwe kumafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwake. Chizindikiro ichi ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, wotchedwa glucosuria. Kukula kwa glucosuria kumawonedwa pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kudutsa 10 mmol / L. Mwanjira iyi, zosefera za impso zimayamba kuthana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa glucose ndipo zimayamba kulowa mkodzo. Komabe, ndi njira zina za aimpso, shuga mumkodzo amawonedwa pafupipafupi m'magazi a shuga, kotero gawo ili - kuchuluka kwa glucose mkodzo, sichizindikiro cha matenda a shuga.

Komanso, shuga mellitus amawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa pathological mu chilakolako (polyphagy). Vutoli limangofotokozedwa, chifukwa chifukwa chakuti glucose salowa m'maselo, thupi limakumana ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu komanso minyewa yanjala imayimira izi ku ubongo. Ndi kudya kosalekeza, komabe, wodwalayo samachuma, koma amachepetsa. Zizindikiro zina zamatendawa ndi kutopa kwambiri ndi kufooka, khungu lotupa, kupweteka pamutu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe. Mkodzo ukasanthulidwa, ma acetone amapezeka mmenemo, zomwe zimachitika ndikugwiritsa ntchito masitolo amafuta ndimaselo. Komabe, acetone nthawi zambiri imathiridwa limodzi ndi mkodzo m'matenda ena ambiri, monga kutupa. Makamaka, acetone mu mkodzo amawonekera mwa ana. Chifukwa chake, izi siziyenera kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro chodwala.

Kusintha kwamphamvu m'magazi a glucose m'magazi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kukwera kwake kwakukulu kapena kotsika, ndipo chotsatira - kwa hypoglycemic kapena hyperglycemic comas. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha pakufa kwa wodwala.

A wamba matenda a shuga ndi a Raynaud's syndrome, kuphatikizapo:

• scleroderma
• atherosulinosis
• matenda am'mimba
• thromboangiitis obliterans,
• kuziziritsa ndi dzanzi miyendo,
• kupweteka m'manja.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga sikuti sangachiritsike, komanso matenda oopsa. Wodwala akapanda kulandira chithandizo, matenda ake obwera chifukwa cha insulin amasintha kukhala zovuta monga ketoacidosis kapena matenda a diabetes, omwe amayamba kufa. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, gawo la matenda ashuga limawerengedwa kuti ndi lofatsa, lamphamvu kapena lozama.

Magawo a shuga omwe amadalira insulin

Kodi ndimatani pochiza matenda ashuga?

Tsoka ilo, matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mwazomwe sizingatheke masiku ano, kuphatikiza poyambira, popeza njira zabwino zochizira matenda zomwe sizinapangidwepo. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti kudutsa kwamatenda kumapha.Komabe, chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi chizindikiro - kukhazikika kwa shuga m'thupi, mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga a insulin

Mu mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga, mankhwalawa amakhala makamaka pakukonzekera kwa insulin. Insulin imathandizira kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi minofu ndikuchepetsa mulingo wake m'magazi. Kubweretsa insulin kumachitika pokhapokha ndi njira ya parenteral (subcutaneous), popeza insulin imawola ikamadutsa m'mimba.

Ma syringe ochiritsira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuperekera insulin mu mtundu 1 wa shuga. Ngakhale masiku ano, ma syringe ndi kusintha kwa ma compact awonekera. Komanso ambiri ndi ma syringes-mapampu. Syringe yamtunduwu imakulolani kuti muwongolere molondola kutuluka kwa insulin kulowa m'magazi, ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa zovuta zowopsa monga hypoglycemia. Kutchuka kwa mapampu a syringe chaka chilichonse kukukwera.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini yomwe imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana:

• kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo kanthu
• digiri ya kuyeretsa
• kwachilengedwe.

Medical insulin ili ndi kuchuluka kwa 40 kapena 100 IU (mayunitsi apadziko lonse lapansi).

Maphunziro a odwala monga gawo la zamankhwala

Chofunikira chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi maphunziro a odwala. Wodwala ayenera kudziwa zomwe ayenera kuchita ngati pali vuto la hypoglycemia kapena hyperglycemia, momwe angayang'anire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, momwe angasinthire zakudya. Zomwezi ziyenera kupezeka kwa abale a wodwalayo.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a metabolic. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo yoletsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya mu chakudya ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira. Popanda kudya, wodwalayo amathanso kufa chifukwa chakukula kwa matenda oopsa (hyper- hypoglycemia).

Zakudya zamatenda omwe amadwala matenda a shuga obwera chifukwa cha insulin ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa potsatira miyambo yonse ya chakudya cholowa mthupi la wodwalayo. Kuti mupewe kuwerengera zamafuta, gawo lapadera la muyeso, mkate mkate (XE), lidayambitsidwa machitidwe othandizira odwala matenda ashuga. XE imodzi ili ndi 10 g yamafuta osavuta, kapena 20 g ya mkate. Kuchuluka kwa XE komwe amamwa patsiku kumasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha, poganizira zolimbitsa thupi, kulemera kwa odwala komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, kumwa mowa kumaletsedwa kotheratu.

Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin

Mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, amapezeka pafupifupi 85% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri samachitika ali aang'ono. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi achikulire a zaka zapakati komanso okalamba.

Matenda a Mtundu Wachiwiri amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin, koma kuphwanya mgwirizano pakati pa insulin. Maselo amasiya kuyamwa insulin ndipo glucose amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi sizinafotokozedwe bwino, koma, monga asayansi akukhulupirira, gawo lalikulu mu pathogenesis ya shuga imaseweredwa ndi:

• kusintha kwa mayamwidwe a shuga m'matumbo,
• mathamangitsidwe akuwonongeka kwa insulin,
• kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa zolandilira m'madzi m'maselo.

Makamaka, mu ma pathologies ena, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kuwona ma insulin receptors ngati ma antigen ndikuwawononga.

Chochitika chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi ziwerengero, chifukwa 80% ya odwala omwe samadalira insulin amadwala kwambiri.

Mwa zina zomwe zikuthandizira pakukula kwa matendawa, munthu amatha kusiyanitsanso:

• kumangokhala
• kusuta
• uchidakwa
• matenda oopsa
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
• kudya kolakwika
• kupsinjika
• kumwa mankhwala ena, monga glucocorticosteroids.

Udindo wofunikira umachitidwanso ndi chibadwa komanso chibadwa. Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, ndiye kuti mwayi wokula kuti mwana atakula adzadwala matendawa ndi 80%.

Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti matenda ashuga angayambitse kumwa kwambiri maswiti, ngakhale kamodzi. M'malo mwake, sizili choncho, munthu wathanzi amatha kudya maswiti ambiri nthawi, ndipo izi sizingawononge thanzi lake. China chake ndichakuti kudya mosasinthidwa kwa maswiti nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, koma kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa njira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Zochokera ku sulfonylureas

Gulu lina lodziwika bwino la mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera mu mankhwala omwe amachokera ku sulfanilurea derivatives (tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glimepiride). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa shuga wambiri, pamene metformin sichithandiza wodwala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwake nkosatheka pazifukwa zina. Mfundo ya zochita za sulfanilurea zotumphukira zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kukondoweza kwa maselo a pancreatic, chifukwa chomwe amayamba kupanga insulin yambiri. Njira zamkati zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuponderezana kwa kaphatikizidwe ka glucagon komanso kumasulidwa kwa glucose ku chiwindi. Choyipa cha ndalamazi ndizotheka kwambiri kwa hypoglycemia wokhala ndi Mlingo wosalondola.

Zakudya ndi zina mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin nthawi iliyonse yamatendawa. Mfundo yayikulu yazakudya ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amaperekedwa. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa shuga woyengedwa, yemwe thupi ndi losavuta kugaya. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukulitse kugwiritsa ntchito ma fungo ochepetsa mphamvu, popeza amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta osavuta, amakhala olimba m'mimba, amasintha kapangidwe ka microflora yamatumbo.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, mowa uyenera kusiyidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mowa umasokoneza njira zachilengedwe za kagayidwe kachakudya, kuphatikiza njira zopangira insulin komanso kuyamwa kwa glucose ndimisempha.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga oyembekezera (gestational) ndi matenda omwe amapezeka mwa akazi okha pakubala kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Maphunzirowa ndi zizindikiritso za matenda amiseche ofanana ndi omwe samadalira shuga. Matendawa amapezeka 2-5% ya amayi oyembekezera. Kafukufuku wodziwika bwino wa matenda a zam'mimba ndi kutha kwadzidzidzi kwake ndikatha kubereka. Komabe, izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Zinapezekanso kuti shuga ya gestational imawonjezera chiopsezo cha odwala omwe samadalira insulini omwe amadalira amayi. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kusokoneza mayiyo mtsogolo, kuyambitsa zovuta zina pakukonzekera kwa mwana wosabadwayo, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa khanda lobadwa kumene. Matenda a shuga ochitika mthupi amayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yokhazikika ya shuga yokhala ndi mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri yomwe idawonekera asanakhale ndi pakati.

SD ModY-mitundu

Ili pafupi kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, koma ilinso ndi zina za matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin. Ichi ndi autoimmune pathology limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin. Amakhulupirira kuti mwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 5% ali ndi matenda amtunduwu. Pathology nthawi zambiri imawonekera kuyambira paubwana. Poyerekeza ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin nthawi zambiri, ndi mtundu wa shuga wambiri wa AMODZI, kufunikira kwa insulini sikokwanira kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Pali magawo atatu a shuga. Phata lalikulu chifukwa choti magawo awa amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi.

Magawo a shuga ndi shuga wamagazi

Chitsutso china chamgulu ndi kukana kwa thupi ku matenda. Poganizira izi, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa magawo omwe adalipidwa, ophatikizidwa, komanso osinthika. Chimodzi mwa gawo lomwe lawola ndi kupezeka kwa acetone mu mkodzo ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, omwe samayankha bwino pakumwa mankhwala.

Matenda a shuga

Mkhalidwe wofananawo, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa kulekerera kwa glucose, umadziwika ndi malire amagazi a m'magazi. Sichiri matenda ophunzitsidwa bwino kapena gawo limodzi, koma zimatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga pakapita nthawi. Ndiye kuti, kupezekanso kwakanthawi koyamba kwa matenda a prediabetes ndimatenda a shuga omwe amapezeka kale.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga

Kukula kwake kumadalira gawo la matenda ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga. Mkuluyu amatithandizanso kudziwa za matenda a shuga. Njira zamakono zamankhwala zimatha kusintha mtundu wa shuga m'magazi, kapena, ngati izi sizingatheke, kukulitsa moyo wa wodwalayo. China chomwe chimakhudza matendawo ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta zina.

Mavuto

SD siyowopsa pakokha. Choyipa, choyambirira, zovuta zake ndipo chifukwa chake matendawa ayenera kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake. Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga omwe amadzimira pawokha amatha kukhala owopsa kwambiri.

Pali lingaliro lakuti zovuta za shuga zimangokhala ndi zovuta zamiyendo, kutupa kwawo komanso mawonekedwe a zilonda. M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhudza dongosolo lonse la magazi, ndipo kumayambitsa zovuta zingapo zokhudzana. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zimavutika, ndipo koyamba:

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatirazi:

• wodwala matenda ashuga
• hyperosmolar chikomokere,
• encephalopathy
• ophthalmopathy
• Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic,
• sitiroko
• nephropathy
• polyneuropathy
• dermatitis
• angiopathy
• vuto la mtima
• ketoacidosis
• diabetesic phazi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'magawo otsika,
• kusabala kwa amuna
• kusabereka mwa akazi
• kukhumudwa ndi psychosis.

Mavuto monga kudwala matenda ashuga, omwe amatsogolera ku hypoglycemia kapena hyperglycemia, amakhala oopsa kwambiri pamoyo wa wodwalayo.

Mavuto a shuga amakhalanso ndi chitetezo chamthupi m'thupi, chifukwa thupi limayamba kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo owopsa, monga chifuwa chachikulu.

Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis ndi vuto lomwe mafuta omwe amapanga metabolism - matupi a ketone - amadziunjikira m'thupi. Ketoacidosis nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu diabetes komanso concomitant pathologies, kuvulala, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Ketoacidosis imalowetsa kuphwanya zinthu zambiri zofunika m'thupi ndipo ndi chisonyezo chakuchipatala.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndi vuto lomwe shuga wambiri amapezeka m'magazi. Popeza glucose ndiye gwero lofunikira kwambiri lamaselo, izi zimawopseza kuchepa kwa ziwalo zambiri, makamaka ubongo. Mwachizolowezi, cholowa pansi chomwe hypoglycemia imakhazikitsidwa ndi 3.3 mmol / L.

Mavuto a Hypoglycemic nthawi zambiri amayenda ndi matenda a shuga. Amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika, mowa kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi hypoglycemia ndichangu kwambiri cha zinthu zomwe zili ndi shuga (shuga, uchi). Ngati wodwalayo ataya chikumbumtima, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti mumupatse vitamini B1 modekha kenaka kudzera m'mitsempha 40% ya shuga. Kapena kukonzekera kwa glucagon kumachitika ndi intramuscularly.

Hyperosmolar chikomokere

Vutoli limachitika nthawi zambiri ndi anthu okalamba omwe amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga, ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa thupi kwambiri. Coma nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi polyuria yotalikirapo. Matendawo nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwa anthu okalamba chifukwa chakuti ndi ukalamba kumamva ludzu nthawi zambiri, ndipo wodwala sadzipangitsa kuti madzi ake athere chifukwa chakumwa. Hyperosmolar chikomaso ndichizindikiro chofunikira kuchipatala.

Retinopathies

Ma retinopathies ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri pazovuta za shuga. Choyambitsa matendawa ndikuwonongeka m'magazi kwa retina. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza madera ena amaso. Nthawi zambiri amawona kukula kwa ng'ala. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chaka chilichonse matendawa amawonjezera mwayi wokhala retinopathy ndi 8%. Pambuyo pa zaka 20 mukudwala, pafupifupi aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto lofananalo. Kuopsa kwa retinopathy ndiko kukula kwa khungu, kuthekera kwa kutulutsa kwa magazi, komanso kuchepa kwa khungu.

Polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutayika kwa khungu (kupweteka ndi kutentha), makamaka m'miyendo. Kenako, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zilonda zovuta kuchiritsa. Zizindikiro za polyneuropathy ndi kutopa kwa miyendo, kapena kutentha kwa iwo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakwezedwa usiku.

Matenda a shuga

Kusokonezeka kozungulira kochitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumamveka kwambiri m'malo akutali ndi mtima. Mwa anthu, mapazi ndi malo ofanana. Matenda a shuga a shuga amaphatikizanso kukula kwa purulent ndi necrotic, zilonda zam'mimba, mafupa a pathologies. Ndi zochitika zapamwamba za matenda, njira yokhayo yothandizira imangodulidwa phazi.