Ndi dokotala uti yemwe ndiyenera kulumikizana naye ngati magazi anga ali okwera kapena otsika? Kodi ndi mayetsedwe ndi mayeso ati omwe dokotala angakupatseni ngati pali shuga yayikulu kapena yotsika?

Tsambali limapereka chidziwitso pazachidziwitso chokha. Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda kuyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri. Mankhwala onse ali ndi contraindication. Kufunsira kwa akatswiri ndikofunikira!

Ndi dokotala uti yemwe ndiyenera kulumikizana naye ngati magazi anga ali okwera kapena otsika?

Mwambiri milandu yambiri ndi kuchuluka kapena kuchepa shuga m'magazi ayenera kulumikizana endocrinologist (wamkulu kapena mwana) (lowani), popeza nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri shuga magazi amayamba chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba a endocrine (kapamba, chithokomiro, gland, zina), chizindikiritso ndi chithandizo chomwe chiri luso la endocrinologist.

Ndiye kuti, ngati muli ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (okwera kapena otsika), muyenera kufunsa kwa endocrinologist, kupatula milandu ingapo yomwe timapereka pansipa.

Ngati munthu wachita opaleshoni pamimba kapena duodenum m'mbuyomu, ndiye kuti izi, zokhala ndi shuga m'magazi, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri wamkulu (lowani) kapena gastroenterologist (lowani), popeza m'mikhalidwe yotere ndikofunikira kusintha zakudya ndikusankha mankhwala ofunikira kuti chakudyacho chilowe kwambiri m'matumbo. Koma ngati munthu wachitidwa opaleshoni pamimba kapena duodenum, ndipo ali ndi shuga yayikulu yamagazi, ndiye kuti ayenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist, popeza muzochitika zotere si vuto la chimbudzi, koma matenda osiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati munthu ali ndi shuga yochepa ya m'magazi yophatikizidwa ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kuchepa thupi, kuchepa kwa magazi, kufooka, manjenje, komanso kusokonezeka muyezo wamagetsi amadzimadzi, ndiye kuti ayenera kulumikizana ndi gastroenterologist, monga malabsorption syndrome ikukayikira pamkhalidwe wotere. Ngati, kuphatikiza ndi zofanana ndi zomwezi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwezedwa, ndiye muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist.

Ngati magazi a glucose atsitsidwa kapena kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa hypochondrium yoyenera, nseru, kuwuma ndi kuwawa mkamwa, kugona, kusowa kudya, jaundice, zotupa za pakhungu, kusokonekera kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, chiwindi champhamvu chikuwoneka. Pankhaniyi, lemberani hepatologist (lowani). Ngati simungathe kupita kwa akatswiri a matenda a m'magazi, muyenera kulumikizana ndi gastroenterologist kapena othandizira.

Kodi ndi mayetsedwe ndi mayeso ati omwe dokotala angakupatseni ngati muli ndi shuga wotsika kapena wapamwamba?

Popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepa kapena kukwera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, dokotalayo amatha kulembetsa mndandanda wosiyana wa mayeso ndi mayeso paliponse, kutengera matenda omwe akuwakayikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mndandanda wamayeso ndi mayeso operekedwa ndi dokotala muzochitika zilizonse zimatengera zomwe zimayendera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akayezetse matenda enaake. Ganizirani za mayeso ndi mayeso ati omwe madokotala angalembepo ndi shuga wochepa kapena wotsika kwambiri, kutengera munthu winayo Zizindikiro.

Pamene shuga yochepa ya m'magazi ikuphatikizidwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kuchepa kwa magazi, kufooka, mantha komanso kusokonezeka kwa mawonekedwe a-electrolyte, malabsorption syndrome amakayikiridwa, ndipo pankhani iyi, adotolo amafotokozera mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuyesa kwa magazi (lowani),
Coagulogram (PTI, INR, APTTV, TV, fibrinogen, etc.) (lowani),
Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi (kulembetsa) (mapuloteni onse, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, bilirubin (lowani)zamchere phosphatase, AcAT, AlAT, etc.),
Ma electrolyte amwazi (calcium, potaziyamu, sodium, chlorine),
Kuwunika kwa ndowe,
Kupenda kwachilengedwe kwamanyowa,
Kuyesa kwa ndowe za steatorrhea (kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu ndowe),
Kuyesa kwa D-xylose
Chiyeso chamalingaliro
Mayeso a lactose
Mayeso a LUND ndi PABK,
Kudziwitsa za kuchuluka kwa trypsin yogwiritsa ntchito magazi,
Kuyesa kwa mpweya wa Hydrogen ndi Carbon
Kuwona m'mimba x-ray (lowani),
Ultrasound yam'mimba ziwalo (lowani),
Tomography (yamitundu yambiri kapena mphamvu zamatsenga (lowani)) m'mimba
Intestinal Endoscopy (kulembetsa).

Choyamba, pakumayesa malabsorption, kuyeza magazi ndi zamankhwala ambiri, coagulogram, kutsimikiza kwa ma electrolyte m'magazi, kuyesa kwa ma protein ndi bacteriological, kuyesa kwa Steatorrhea, kuyesa kwa D-xylose / kuwerenga. Ultrasound (lowani) ndi x-ray yam'mimba. Ndizophunzirazi zomwe zimachitika koyambirira, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuzindikira malabsorption syndrome ndikukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa milandu yambiri. Ngati pali kuthekera kwaukadaulo, ndiye kuti tomography yowonjezera imachitika kuti mupeze matenda a m'matumbo.

Mayeso owonjezera a hydrogen kapena kaboni diokosijeni amathanso kupemphedwa kuti ayese mabakiteriya oyipitsidwa m'matumbo. Komabe, ngati atapatsidwa ntchito kuyesa kwa endoscopic (lowani) matumbo (ogwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera), yomwe imalola kuyesa momwe thupi limagwirira ndikupeza gawo lazomwe zimayang'ana kuyipitsidwa kwa maluwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda biopsy (lowani) kwa histology, ndiye kuti kuyesa kwa mpweya sikuchitika. Mayeso a LUND ndi PABA, komanso kuchuluka kwa trypsin ya immunoreactive, amadziwika pokhapokha ngati akukayikira matenda a pancreatic, monga chifukwa cha malabsorption syndrome. Ngati, chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa malabsorption, kuperewera kwa enzyme ya lactase kumayikiridwa, ndiye kuphatikiza pa maphunziro oyambira, kuyesa kwa lactose kumayikidwa.

Minyewa ya magazi ikakhala yachilendo, komanso kuphatikiza, munthu amakhala ndi ululu wamkamwa, kupweteka mseru, kuwuma komanso kuwawa mkamwa, kugona, kusowa kudya, khungu ndipo pakutero amakhazikitsa mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Kuwerengera kwa magazi m'magazi (lowani),
Urinalysis
Kusanthula kwa biochemical kwamagazi (mapuloteni onse, albumin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, AcAT, AlAT, phosphatase ya alkaline, LDH, lipase, amylase, potaziyamu, sodium, chlorine, calcium),
Coagulogram (APTTV, PTI, INR, TV, fibrinogen),
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa ma virus a hepatitis A, B, C ndi D (kusaina),
Kuyesa kwa magazi pa mulingo wa ma immunoglobulins (lowani),
Ultrasound ya chiwindi (lowani),
Tomography (yowerengedwa kapena maginito oyambira),
Chiwindi biopsy (lowani).

Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa onse amalembedwa nthawi yomweyo, kupatulapo tomography ndi chiwindi biopsy, popeza ndizofunikira kuyesa mkhalidwe wa chiwalo ndikuzindikira matenda enieni. Tomography nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ngati cholumikizira ndi ultrasound, ngati achipatala ali ndi mwayi wotere. Kuchita ziwindi kumayikidwa pokhapokha kafukufuku wazovuta, ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira zawo, chotupa chikuwoneka ngati chikuwonekera.

Ngati m'mbuyomu munthu adachitidwa opaleshoni pamimba kapena duodenum, ndipo tsopano adatsitsa magazi, atatha kudya, pali ululu wam'mimba, kusokonezeka kwamatumbo, colic, palpitations, thukuta, kupweteka pamtima, ndiye kuti matayala amadzimadzi amamuganizira. chifukwa cha opaleshoni, ndipo pankhaniyi, dokotala amakupatsani mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

X-ray yam'mimba (lowani) ndi matumbo (lowani) Mosiyana ndi sing'anga
Chiyeso choyambitsa (manyumwa okoma amaperekedwa kuti apangitse kutaya),
Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Urinalysis
Chemistry yamagazi (mapuloteni athunthu, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, AcAT, AlAT, potaziyamu, calcium, chlorine, sodium, etc.),
Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi,
Kupenda kwapangidwe ka ndowe.

Nthawi zambiri, mayeso onse omwe ali pamwambawa kwa omwe amakayikira kuti amataya amatayidwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa amafunika kuyesa momwe matendawa agwirira ntchito, komanso kuti apange matenda, omwe, makamaka, amawonekera pamaziko akuwonetsa opaleshoni yam'mimba pamimba kapena duodenum.

Ngati shuga wocheperako waphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa potency mwa abambo, amenorrhea (kusowa kwa msambo) mwa akazi, kutsika kwa tsitsi pa pubis, armpits, atrophy yotsika kwambiri, kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi, minyewa ya minofu, kutsekemera ndi makwinya kwa khungu, mafupa am'mimba, kuwola kwa mano , uchidakwa, kugona, kuthamanga magazi, kuchepetsedwa kukhudzana ndi matenda, kupukusa chakudya, kukumbukira pang'ono, kuchepa kwa chidwi, hypopituitarism imakayikiridwa, ndipo pankhani iyi, adotolo amafotokozera zotsatirazi Zowunikira zina ndi mayeso:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Kuyesa kwa magazi pa biochemical (protein yonse, albumin, cholesterol, bilirubin, amylase, lipase, AcAT, AlAT, alkaline phosphatase, etc.),
Kusanthula kwa magazi ndi mkodzo mwa amuna ndi akazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni olimbitsa mtima a chithokomiro (TSH) (lowani)thyroxine (T4), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), mahomoni okula (STH), prolactin (lowani)cortisol
Kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo mwa akazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-ACS), mahomoni a luteinizing (LH), ma follicle othandizira a follicle (FSH) ndi estradiol,
Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa amuna kwa testosterone,
Kuyesedwa kwa kukondoweza ndikamasula mahomoni, metirapone, insulin,
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi pazomwe zili somatomedin-C (insulin-like grow factor - IGF-1),
Zolemba (kompyuta (lowani), mphamvu zamatsenga (lowani) kapena positron umuna) wa ubongo,
Chithunzi chojambulidwa pambuyo pake pa chishalo cha Turkey,
Cerebral angiography (lowani),
Pesi x-ray (lowani), mafupa achikopa (lowani), zigaza (lowani) ndi msana (lowani),
Kuyesa kwamawonekedwe owoneka.

Maphunziro onse omwe ali pamwambawa nthawi zambiri amalembedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa amafunikira kuti apange matenda ndi kudziwa boma la ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe, zomwe ndizofunikira posankha chithandizo chokwanira mtsogolo.

Ngati shuga wotsika wamagazi amaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa bronze pakhungu ndi mucous, kufooka, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kukomoka pafupipafupi, komanso zamkati pamtima, ndiye kuti matenda a Addison akuwakayikira, ndipo pankhani iyi, adotolo amafotokozera mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Urinalysis
Mapazi amwazi
Kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa kuchuluka kwa adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
Kuyesa magazi kwa ma antibodies a antigen a 21-hydroxylase antigen,
Kuyesa kwa ACTH,
Zitsanzo za insulin glycemia,
Ma Ultrasound amtundu wa adrenal (lowani),
Tomography (yowerengedwa kapena maginito oyamba) a ma adrenal gins kapena ubongo.

Choyamba, adotolo amafufuza kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo, kuyesa magazi a biochemical, kuyezetsa magazi kwa kuchuluka kwa cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, ACTH ndi ultrasound ya adrenal gland, chifukwa maphunziro awa amachititsa kuti adziwe matenda a addison. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ACTH ndikokayikira, ndiye kuti kuyesedwa kumayikidwa. Kupitilira apo, ngati matenda oyamba a Addison akuwakaikira (kuchuluka kwa ACTH), ndiye kuti adrenal gland tomography ndi kuyesa kwa magazi kwa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies a antigen a 21-hydroxylase adayikidwa kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa. Ngati nthenda yachiwiri ya Addison (ACTH yomwe ili pansipa) ikukayikiridwa, ndiye kuti mayeso owonjezera a insulin glycemia ndi ubongo wa m'maganizo amalembedwa.

Ngati shuga wocheperako waphatikizidwa ndi kubwerezabwereza kosagwedezeka, mantha, palpitation, malankhulidwe ndi kuwona kwamaso, paresthesias (kumva kupindika, tsekemera, kugwedezeka, ndi zina zotere), ndiye kuti insulinoma (chotupa cha pancreatic yomwe imatulutsa insulin) imakayikiridwa. ), ndipo pankhaniyi, choyambirira, adokotala amafotokozera mayeso ogwira ntchito (lowani). Choyamba, kuyezetsa magazi kapena kuyesa kwa insulini kumapangitsa, pomwe kusintha kwa glucose kumapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri chinthu chimodzi chimachitika: mayeso osala kudya kapena mayeso othandizira insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa insulin kumapangitsa. Ngati zotsatira za mayesowa zilola kuti insulin ikayikiridwe, ndiye kuti mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito otsatirawa adalembedwa ndikuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire: Ultrasound wa kapamba (lowani) ndi pamimba pamimba, maginito oyesa (osayina)kusankha angiography (lowani) ndi magazi a m'mitsempha. Ngati munthawi ya kukayikira ya insulinoma mukadakhala mukukayikira, mwina mungayesere mayeso owonjezera. laparoscopy (lowani).

Ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikiro za hypothyroidism (shuga yochepa magazi, kufooka, kugona, kunenepa kwambiri, kuganiza pang'onopang'ono komanso kuyankhula, kuzizira, kuthamanga) kapena hyperthyroidism (shuga yayikulu magazi, kunjenjemera, kusowa tulo, kupweteketsa mtima, thukuta, kusalolera, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusokonekera, palpitations, kuwonda), dokotala amakupatsani mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kusanthula kwa zamankhwala amwazi m'magazi (mwazomwe zikuwonetsera, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, triglycerides, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein amaphatikizidwa),
Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi a triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), mahomoni olimbikitsa a chithokomiro (TSH),
Kudziwitsa za kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies ku thyroglobulin (AT-TG) ndi thyroperoxidase (AT-TPO) (lowani),
Ultrasound ya chithokomiro England (lowani),
Mbiri ya chithokomiro (lowani),
Singano yabwino chithokomiro.

Nthawi zambiri, mayeso onse omwe ali pamwambawa amalembedwa nthawi yomweyo, kupatula ngati singano yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa n`koyenera kuti adziwe matenda a hypothyroidism kapena hyperthyroidism, komanso kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Biopsy imayikidwa ngati amaganiza chithokomiro.

Ngati shuga wambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwapakati, kuchepa magazi, zotupa zofiira, stomatitis, gingivitis (kutulutsa kamimba m'mimba), glossitis (kutupa kwa lilime), kutsekula m'mimba, vaginitis mwa azimayi ndi balanitis mwa amuna, ndiye glucagon (chotupa chamimba chomwe chimatulutsa shuga wa glucagon), ndipo pankhani iyi, adokotala amafotokozera mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Kuyesa kwa magazi pa biochemical (mulingo wa cholesterol uyenera kutsimikiziridwa),
Kuyesa kwa magazi ndende ya glucagon,
Yesani ndi tolbutamide, arginine ndi somatostatin analogues,
Ultrasound ya kapamba ndi ziwalo zam'mimba,
Tomography (yowerengedwa kapena maginito oyambira) a kapamba,
Siyanitsani ndi scintigraphy,
Kusankha angiography.

Ngati glucagon amakayikiridwa, mayeso onsewa amalembedwa mwachangu, kupatula kusiyanitsa scintigraphy ndi kusankha angiography, njira zina zowonjezera.

Ngati shuga wambiri waphatikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri (kuwonjezera apo, mafuta amadzazidwa kumaso, m'mimba, khosi, chifuwa ndi kumbuyo ndi miyendo ndi manja owonda), kukokana kwa manopa, kuwonda kwa khungu kumbuyo kwa manja, kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka minofu, chule lalikulu lomwe likutsamira patsogolo "m'mimba, khungu la mkoko, ziphuphu, mitsempha ya kangaude, zonyansa zamtima, dotolo akuganiza za matenda a Itsenko-Cushing ndikuti ayese mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa kuti atsimikizire izi:

Kudziwitsa za ndende ya cortisol tsiku ndi tsiku mkodzo,
Mayeso a Dexamethasone.

Kupenda uku kumakupatsani mwayi wotsimikizira matenda a Itsenko-Cushing, komanso, kuwunika momwe thupi liliri ndikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, adotolo amakupatsirani mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Kuyesa kwa magazi pa biochemical (ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, potaziyamu, calcium, sodium ndi chlorine),
Urinalysis chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa 11-hydroxyketosteroids ndi 17-ketosteroids,
Tomography (yowerengedwa kapena maginito oyambitsanso) a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland,
Adrenal scintigraphy
X-ray (kapena yowerengera tomography) ya msana ndi chifuwa.

Ngati shuga wambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi physique yayikulu kwambiri (gigantism) kapena kukulitsa mphuno, makutu, milomo, miyendo ndi manja (acromegaly), komanso kupweteka kwa mutu ndi kupweteka kwa molumikizira, ndiye kuti amakayikira kupanga mahomoni amakula (somatostatin), Potere, adotolo amafotokozera mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'mawa komanso pambuyo poyeserera shuga.
Kudziwitsa za kukula kwa insulini (IRF-I) m'magazi,
Katswiri wa somatotropin wambiri m'magazi,
Zitsanzo ndi glucose katundu ndikutsimikiza kukula kwa mahomoni pambuyo pa mphindi 30, ola limodzi, maola 1.5 ndi maola 2 mutatha kudya shuga,
Mayeso a kulolerana a Glucose (lowani),
Munda wamasomphenya
X-ray ya chigaza,
Brain tomography (computed kapena maginito resonance).

Nthawi zambiri, mayeso onse pamwambapa ndi mayeso amalembedwa nthawi yomweyo (kupatula tomography), chifukwa ndizofunikira kuti azindikire za acromegaly kapena gigantism. Ngati chotupa chikukayikiridwa ndi zotsatira za X-ray ya chigaza, ndiye kuti kuphatikizira kwa ubongo kumayikidwa.

Ngati munthu, kuphatikiza ndi shuga wambiri, akuchulukirachulukira, kuthamanga kwa khungu, nkhope ndi chifuwa, kutsika kwa nkhawa poyimirira pampando kapena pakunama, komanso kumenyedwa nthawi ndi nthawi pomwe nkhawa, mantha, kunjenjemera, kuzizira, kupweteka mutu, thukuta, kukokana, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa magazi, kupweteka kwa mtima, mseru komanso mkamwa youma, kenako pheochromocytoma (chotupa cha adrenal chomwe chimatulutsa zinthu zothandizidwadi) chimakayikiridwa, pomwe adotolo amasankha mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Mapazi amwazi
Kuyesa kwa magazi pazinthu (potaziyamu, sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorous, ndi zina).
Kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo pochita kuchuluka kwa catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine),
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi pochita chromoganin A,
Mayeso ovuta komanso opondereza,
Electrocardiogram (ECG) (mbiri),
Ma Ultrasound amtundu wa adrenal,
Tomography (yowerengedwa kapena maginito oyamba) a ma gren adrenal,
Adrenal scintigraphy
Kupepesa kuyesa (kusaina),
Arteriography ya aimpso ndi adrenal mitsempha.

Choyamba, kuti atsimikizire matenda a pheochromocytoma ndikuwona malo ake, adotolo amafotokozera kuyesa kwa magazi ndi zamankhwala amwazi, kuyezetsa magazi kwa kufufuza zinthu, kuchuluka kwa catecholamines, chromogranin A, electrocardiogram ndi ultrasound ya adrenal glands. Ndi maphunziro awa omwe nthawi zambiri amakulolezani kuti muwone chotupa ndikuwunika momwe ziwalo, ndiye chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ngati pali luso linalake, ma ultrasound amathandizidwa ndi tomography, pomwe mumatha kudziwa zambiri zamtundu wa thunthu ndi kapangidwe ka chotupacho. Scintigraphy, urography ndi arteriography nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zowonjezera zowunika ngati kuli kofunikira kupeza chidziwitso chilichonse chazogwira ntchito komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi m'magazi ndi impso za adrenal. Ndipo mayeso okopa komanso opondereza amalembedwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa pakumachitika kwawo amatha kupeza zotsatira zabodza komanso zabodza, chifukwa chidziwitso ndi kufunika kwa njira zodziwikirazi ndizotsika.

Ngati magazi a m'magazi ndi okwera, ndipo munthuyo ali ndi polydipsia (ludzu), polyuria (kuchuluka kwa mkodzo), polyphagia (kuchuluka kwa chilakolako), ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu ndi mucous membrane, kutopa, kupweteka kwa mutu, chizungulire, kupweteka m'miyendo. ng'ombe kukokana usiku, paresthesia wa malekezero (dzanzi, kumva kulira, kumva kuthamanga "goosebumps"), matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, ndiye matenda a shuga amakayikiridwa, ndipo pankhaniyi, adotolo amafotokozera mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu
Urinalysis
Urinalysis kwa shuga ndi matupi a ketone,
Kuyesa kwa magazi ndende,
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin,
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi pazomwe zili ndi glycosylated hemoglobin.

Ngati matenda a shuga akukayikira, mayeso onse omwe ali pamwambawa nthawi zambiri amalembedwa nthawi yomweyo, kupatulapo kudziwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin m'magazi. Izi zimachitika kuti athe kuzindikira moyenera komanso kudziwa kuopsa kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin kumawerengedwa ngati mayeso othandizira, kungolola chitsimikiziro chokwanira cha matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pozindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, dokotala atha kukulemberani zovuta za matendawa. Ultrasound a impso (lowani), rheovasography (lowani) miyendo rheoencephalography (lowani), electroencephalography (lowani)diso biomicroscopy kuyang'ana mwachangu (lowani).

Kodi matendawa amawoneka bwanji mwa akulu?

Ngati tizingolankhula za zomwe matenda ashuga amawonetsa mwa akulu, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro monga:

Polyphagy, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi,
Kukoka pafupipafupi ndi kukakamira pafupipafupi
Pakamwa pakamwa ndi ludzu losalekeza.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zizindikiro zonsezi zimawonekera ngati mulingo wothira magazi ndiwokwera kwambiri. Matenda a shuga ayamba kale

vuto la glucose likadzuka mpaka kukhala lopanda mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kawirikawiri, zisonyezo zonse zowonekera zimawonekera pokhapokha matendawa akatha.

Koyambilira, matendawa amatha kupezeka mothandizidwa ndi mayeso oyendetsedwa molondola. Mwachitsanzo, pali tebulo lapadera momwe zitsulo zovomerezeka zamagazi zimayikidwa. Kutengera ndi izi, adotolo amatha kudziwa ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena ayi.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kulabadira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dzanzi la m'munsi lam'munsi limayang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri, popanda kukakamira mseru, kukokana m'munsi, kutsekemera kosiyanasiyana pakhungu, komanso pakamwa patsekemera, izi zitha kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha shuga wambiri.

Matenda a shuga - momwe mungadziwire?

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matendawa amatha kubisika. Chifukwa chake, munthu aliyense ayenera kumvetsetsa pazinthu zomwe akufunika kufunafuna upangiri wa udokotala mwachangu.

Nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amakula kwambiri asymptomatic. Awa ndi mtundu wamtundu wamatenda omwe palibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa.

Ndiye chifukwa chake matendawa amatha kuonekera pokhapokha ngati mukupimidwa kapena mukamazindikira matenda ena.

Kumbukirani kuti shuga imakhala nthawi zonse ikuphatikizidwa ndi kutopa kambiri, njira zingapo zotupa pakhungu, komanso mabala ochiritsa osavulala. Shuga wapamwamba amakhala ndi vuto loyipa chitetezo chokwanira. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a virus, mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amapezeka pakhungu ndi mucous membrane, omwe amayenda ndi kutupa kwambiri.

Musaiwale za kuwonongeka kwa zombo zazing'ono. Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mabala ndi kuvulala kosiyanasiyana kumachiritsa pang'onopang'ono

Mndandanda wa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi:

Amayi omwe ali ndi vuto la ovary la polycystic.
Odwala omwe adapezeka ndi matenda oopsa, komanso omwe akudwala potaziyamu.
Odwala onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri
Ngati pali anthu ena m'banjamo omwe amakhalanso ndi matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati ndi abale a magazi.

Tizikumbukira nthawi zonse kuti ngati nthawi idzaulula kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, ndiye kuti muzitha kuzindikira prediabetes munthawi yake.

Momwe mungachotsere shuga?

Zikuwonekeratu kuti shuga yayikulu kwambiri imafunikira kulowererapo. Kupanda kutero, njira zosasinthika zitha kuyamba, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwina komwe kumayambitsa kukula kwa mitsempha, matenda amitsempha, mavuto amkhungu, kusokonezeka kwa kugona, kukhumudwa ndi matenda ena osiyanasiyana.

Pakafika koyamba kwa wodwalayo, adokotala ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, atatha kupereka chithandizo choyenera. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera, omwe amathandizira kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, amawonedwa ngati othandiza kwambiri. Ngati sizithandiza, ndiye kuti jakisoni wa analogi ya munthu ya insulin.

Ndikofunikira kuthetsa zonse zomwe zidayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wolondola wokhawokha, onetsetsani kuti palibe zoyipa, ndipo dzijambuleni mokwanira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zowona, limodzi ndi izi sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kungapangitsenso kukula kwa shuga.

Kusamalidwa makamaka kuyenera kuthandizidwa popewa matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati. Pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwina kwa metabolism m'thupi lawo, njira zosinthira nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchitika.

Chimodzi mwazotheka kukhala kudumphadumpha mu shuga. Mwina chitukuko cha zolimbitsa minofu chitetezo cha zochita za timadzi insulin. Izi zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati.

Dziwani kuti matendawa amagawidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi matendawa, amatchedwa matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika popanda chidziwitso chodziwikiratu ndipo zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso apadera a labotale.

Pankhani imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuchita pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa amayi apakati. Makamaka panthawi yoyambira mwezi wachinayi mpaka wachisanu ndi chitatu wa pakati. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti pali chiwopsezo chachikulu chakuti mwana wosabadwayo akhoza kupanga vuto la mtima, komanso zotupa zina zamthupi, kuphatikizapo matenda ammimba.

Mkhalidwe wa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia wafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kodi ndiyenera kulumikizana ndi ndani kuchipatala ndi vutoli?

Zolakwika zilizonse mthupi, timayamba tangopita kwa akatswiri akudziko. Adziwonetsa mayeso, ma ultrasound a kapamba ndi chithokomiro, ndipo kutengera zotsatira zomwe apeza, apanga matenda. Anthu ambiri sakudziwa kuti ndi dokotala uti amene amathandiza odwala matenda ashuga, ndi omwe ayenera kukakumana nawo kaye ngati mayesowo atsimikizira matendawo.

Ngati mayeserowo atsimikizira kuti anali oyamba, wothandizirayo amakulangizani kuti mukafunse katswiri wotchedwa endocrinologist. Dotolo uyu wa matenda a shuga ayang'anenso momwe matendawo apitirire, mankhwala. Adziwitsanso wodwala za mtundu wanji wa zakudya zomwe ayenera kutsatira, zomwe amaloledwa kuchita. Adzakuwuzani momwe mungachitire ndi hypoglycemia.

Mwana akayamba kudwala, makolo amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti ndi dokotala uti amene amasamalira matenda a shuga makamaka mwa ana. Pankhaniyi, makolo ayenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist yemwe ali ndi vuto locheperako. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala wa ana amathandizira odwala ochepa. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ya akatswiri apadera a endocrinologists.

Kukhazikika kwa endocrinologists

Katswiri wa zitseko

Amakhala ndi matenda a chithokomiro.

Dokotala uyu adzafunika ngati mwana ali ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine, komanso kupatuka kosiyanasiyana pakukula ndi kukula. Amathandizanso pochiza matenda a shuga ana. Ngati mungazindikire zizindikiro za matendawa mwana, ndiye kuti mutha kulumikizana ndi dokotala wa ana a ana endocrinologist. Iye mwiniyo adzalemba mayeso ofunikira, apange kuzindikira koyenera. Osachedwetsa kuyesedwa kwa mwana, chifukwa matendawa amakula msanga. Mavuto ake amawonekeranso mwachangu, chifukwa chake ndibwino kukhala otetezeka panthawi yake m'malo motaya nthawi yamtengo wapatali. Chithandizo chamankhwala chapanthawi yake chidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi thanzi la mwana.

Geneticist endocrinologist

Amalangiza omwe atenga matenda m'mabanja, ndikugwiranso ntchito zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupewa matendawa. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda obadwa nawo ziwoneka, amamuwonetsa wodwalayo ndipo amamuthandiza. Mwachitsanzo, dotoloyu amaphunzira maphunziro amtunduwu monga gigantism, dwarfism. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuthandizidwa ndi adotolo.

Katswiriyu amagwira ntchito yothandizira kubereka kwa akazi ndi amuna, komanso ma pathologies am'mimba ndi ma testicles.

Dotoloyu amalimbana ndi milandu yomwe imafunika opaleshoni. Amatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa chithandizo cha opaleshoni.

Awa ndi a endocrinologist okhazikika pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a shuga a 2, komanso matenda monga matenda ashuga a shuga. Amadziwa zovuta zonse zophatikiza ndi matenda awa, angakuthandizeni kusankha mankhwala, kupanga zakudya.

Momwe endocrinologist ingathandizire

Ngati munthu watsimikizira mtundu wa 1 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2, a endocrinologist amalemba. Kuyambira pano amakhala othandizira odwala. Dokotala wopezekapo amasankha njira yochiritsira, mankhwala, kuphunzitsa momwe angatsatire zakudya zoyenera za shuga.

Iwo omwe aphunzira posachedwapa kuti ali ndi matendawa poyamba samvetsetsa kuti akuyenera kusintha kwathunthu moyo wawo. Zimakhala zovuta kuti azolowere regimen komanso kuwunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Afunika kuphunzira kumvetsetsa momwe akumvera akamakweza komanso kutsitsa shuga.

Pachigawo choyamba, kukhazikitsa zakudya, kunyamula mankhwala kumathandizira mu dipatimenti yoyang'anira. Dokotala wa endocrinologist akuphunzitsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito glycemic index tebulo la zinthu, komanso kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.

Kufunsira kwa endocrinologist kudzafunika pamavuto aliwonse azaumoyo mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Ndi chilolezo cha endocrinologist pomwe madokotala enawo angakupatseni mankhwala kuti chiwopsezo chambiri cha shuga chikhale chovuta kwa wodwalayo.