Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati mutabaya insulin mwa munthu wathanzi?

Insulin ndi mahomoni apachirengedwe. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuphwanya kwa glucose kotero kuti maselo amthupi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito.

Insulin yowonjezera, komanso kuchepa kwake zakupha thupi. Koma kungowonjezera mphamvu ya mahomoni amenewa ndi komwe kumavulaza kwambiri. Thupi palokha silingatulutse kuposa momwe likufunikira, choncho zimachitika ngati insulin idalowetsedwa mwa munthu wathanzi.

Njira ya kudya ndi kuyamwa kwa shuga ndi thupi

Mkulu akalowa ndi chakudya, thupi limayamba kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mantha komanso mantha. Akalozera oterowo amatchedwa opatsirana ndipo amapatsa munthu chikhalidwe chamtendere komanso chokwanira. Ngati pazifukwa zina munthu samatha kudya shuga wokwanira m'zakudya, ndiye kuti amakhala wopanda chidwi, wofooka, komanso amakhala ndi nkhawa.

Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin ndi kusintha kwa glucose kuchokera kumagazi kupita ku maselo pakugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwawo ngati mafuta kuti magwiritsidwe antchito amtunduwu komanso ziwalo zonse. Kuperewera kapena kuchepa kwa insulin kumayambitsa mavuto akulu mu metabolism komanso kupezeka kwa matenda oyipa monga mtundu 2 shuga.

Kusintha kwa insulini, pang'ono komanso pang'ono, kumawonekera ngakhale mwa munthu wathanzi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kupsinjika, kapena poyizoni. Ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, munthu amafunikira kudya china chake chokoma.

Ngati thupi lili ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti posakhalitsa shuga abwereranso mwakale, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti ali ndi kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Ntchito ya insulin

Insulin imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika kuti thupi likhale ndi ma cellular. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulimbikitsa shuga amatengedwa ndi maselo ndi kapangidwe ka glycogen.

Ntchito zofunikanso ndi ntchito yopereka ma amino acid apadera ku maselo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kupanga maselo, kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndi mafuta. Mkhalidwe ndi moyo wa munthu zimadalira momwe amachitira bwino ndi ntchito zake.

Kwa thupi la munthu, kusowa kwa insulini si koopsa, kuchuluka kwake. Ngakhale kuphatikiza muyeso wochepa wa chinthu ichi kumatha kuyambitsa poizoni woopsa komanso woopsa komanso ngakhale kufa.

M'masewera ena, izi zimatengedwa ndi cholinga. Kupanga insulin kumalowetsedwa m'magazi kuti shuga wamagazi. Izi zimakwiyitsa thupi kuwotcha mafuta amthupi msanga kuposa momwe zimachitikira mwachilengedwe.

Kuyeserera kotere kwa thanzi lanu kumakhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa othamanga. Iye ali amakhalabe olemala kwa moyo wanga wonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvulaza kwambiri kumachitika ku ubongo, komwe kumakhala ndi vuto la shuga la magazi kuposa ziwalo zina.

Zizindikiro za mahomoni owonjezera

Ngati, pambuyo poti aphunzira kwakanthawi kapena kupsinjika, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumakhalabe kwapamwamba kuposa momwe thupi lisanagwere, liyenera onani dokotala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda ena omwe amachititsa kusokonekera kwa metabolic mthupi.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa insulin nthawi zambiri sikuchitika chifukwa cha mkati, koma chifukwa cha zochitika zakunja. Ngati insulin ikalowetsedwa mwa munthu wathanzi yokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti thupi lidzazindikira kuti mulinso poizoni, ndipo ndi wamphamvu.

Zomwe zimachitikazi sizitenga nthawi yayitali. Pankhani ya poizoni ndi chinthu ichi. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

kukwera kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi,
kunjenjemera
mutu
mantha
nseru
kukulitsa ophunzira
mavuto ndi mgwirizano wamagulu.

Mlingo wovuta

Komabe, zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwazo zimagwira ntchito pazing'onozing'ono komanso zowonjezera zochepa. Ngati munthu watenga mlingo wofanana kapena wokulirapo 100 mayunitsi (syringe yathunthu), ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwonongeko cha thupi kumakulirakulira. Ndi voliyumu yowopsa Mlingo. Koma izi ndizokulirapo, munthu aliyense ali ndi mlingo wake, kutengera kulemera, zaka, komanso kupezeka / kusowa kwa matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo jakisoni, munthu amagwa, ndipo atatsitsa imfa idzachitika. Komanso, bongo umatha kukhala wathanzi komanso wodwala matenda ashuga. Muzochita zachipatala, mankhwalawa adadziwika kuti thupi limakhala lotani, ndipo nthawi yomweyo hypoglycemia, chikomokere, ndi imfa zimayamba.

Pankhani ya bongo wambiri, kufa sikumachitika mwachangu. Chifukwa chake wodwalayo amakhalabe ndi mwayi wopulumutsa moyo ndi thanzi ngati mkati mwa maola 3-4 jakisoni atatha kuyimba ambulansi.

Mukamaperekedwa mwachangu, zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwa myocardial infarction, vuto laubongo, matenda a khunyu, matenda a Parkinson, hypoglycemia yomwe ikupita patsogolo. Choyambirira chomwe dokotala angachite ndikuyesa kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kodi katundu wa insulin wamkulu ndi uti?

Mthupi la munthu, insulini ya mahomoni imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amachepetsa kuchepetsa magazi. Ntchito yayikulu yahomoniyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga amino acid, mafuta acid ndi glucose pama cellular.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kupanga insulini kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo, ndipo adagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamasewera othamanga komanso omanga thupi (monga anabolic).

Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndizotsatira zotsatirazi:

amathandizira kuchotsa michere m'chiwindi, minofu ya adipose ndi minofu yotuluka m'magazi,
imayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya kotero kuti thupi limatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu yamafuta, kusunga mapuloteni ndi mafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

ali ndi kuthekera kosunga ndi kuphatikiza shuga mumitsempha ndi minyewa ya adipose,
imalola kukonza kwa shuga m'maselo a chiwindi mu glycogen,
amathandizira kuwonjezera mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya,
Ndi cholepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni,
kumawonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya njira mu minofu minofu.

Insulin ndi chimodzi mwamahomoni omwe amathandizira kukula ndikukula kwabwino kwa mwana, chifukwa chake ana amafunikira kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kofunikira ndi kapamba.

Mlingo wa insulin mwachindunji umadalira chakudya chamunthuyo komanso moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zambiri zotchuka zimapangidwa motengera mfundo iyi.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, palibe insulin yopanga thupi, yomwe imapangitsa wodwalayo kuti azisowa jakisoni wa mahomoni ena aliwonse.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yamankhwala amakono

Masiku ano, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera insulin:

mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono,

mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni ndi zikondamoyo za nyama (zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono ndizomwe zinachitika zaka zapitazo).

Kenako, mankhwala opangira akhoza kukhala:

Insulin yocheperako komanso yocheperako, yomwe imagwira kale ntchito mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa kupangika, imaphatikizira actrapid, cholembera wa humulin komanso insuman-yachilendo. Mankhwalawa amasungunuka ndipo amalamulidwa mosavuta. Nthawi zina pamakhala jakisoni wamkati kapena wamkati. Ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa imayamba maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni. Insulin yotere imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuwongolera ma spikes a m'magazi ngati kuphwanya zakudya kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu mumtima.
Malangizo a nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kuyambira maola khumi ndi asanu mpaka tsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndikokwanira kupanga jakisoni awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Monga lamulo, zinc kapena protamine imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, omwe amapereka gawo lofunikira la mayamwidwe m'magazi ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Mankhwala okhalitsa. Chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndikuti zotsatira za jakisoni zimatha nthawi yayitali - kuyambira maola makumi awiri ndi atatu kudza zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kuchita kwa insulin kumayamba kuwonekera ola limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera nthawi yomwe jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala amtunduwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kwambiri cha mahomoni, anthu achikulire ndi iwo omwe amayenera kupita kuchipatala kuti akamwe.

Dokotala wokhayo amene angapereke mankhwala kwa wodwala, motero nkovuta kudziwa kuti insulin ndiyabwino bwanji. Kutengera ndi zovuta za matendawa, kufunikira kwa mahomoni ndi zinthu zina zingapo, mankhwala oyenera kwa wodwalayo amasankhidwa. Chofunikira ndichakuti munthu ali ndi zaka zingati.

Zimakhulupirira kuti zimapeza mafuta kuchokera ku insulin, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndi matenda ashuga, njira zambiri za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimasokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mavuto okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa wodwala angawonedwe.

Mutha kupeza mafuta chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri, zoyipa za insulin zimakhala ndi machitidwe ena.

Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za insulin therapy zingawonekere bwanji?

Ngakhale kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, pali chiopsezo cha kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, odwala ena amawona zabwino kuchokera pakukhazikika kwa mankhwalawo, kuzigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, pomwe ena angadandaule chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zoyipa. Pankhaniyi, ziwengo zimatha kuchitika kokha osati pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mbali zina zamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha jekeseni wosalekeza, vuto limatha kubuka, momwe mungachotsere ma cones kapena ma cones.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha insulin ndi chiyani? Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana m'malo omwe jakisoni amapangidwira. Itha kudziwonetsa yokha mwa mitundu yofiira, kuyabwa, kutupa, kapena njira yotupa.
Pali mwayi wokhala ndi ziwengo chifukwa cha Hypersensitivity chimodzi mwazolemba za mankhwala. Mawonetsedwe ake akuluakulu ndi matenda apakhungu, kukula kwa bronchospasm.
Aliyense tsankho kwa mankhwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia.
Mavuto amawonedwe akhoza kuchitika. Monga lamulo, insulin yotere imayambitsa mavuto osakhalitsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndikuchepetsa mavuto aliwonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuli mtendere.
Nthawi zina, thupi la munthu limatha kupanga ma antibodies poyankha mankhwala.
Nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa kudya, ngozi ya insulin imatha kuwoneka ngati kutupika kwambiri, komwe kumatha masiku ochepa. Edema imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakwaniritsidwa kwa sodium ndi thupi. Monga lamulo, odwala omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa zaka zambiri samakumana ndi vutoli.

Ngati kukonzekera kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa, zotsatira zoyipa zimatha chifukwa cha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena. Popewa zovuta zoyipa mukamamwa insulini, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse ofunika kumayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi adokotala.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa sangachitike pokhapokha ngati wodwala amamvera malangizo onse a dokotala.

Kodi zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi ziti?

Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kukhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Kumwa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kumatengera moyo wa wodwalayo komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Mukamatsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, mungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kukhalapo kwa contraindication ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka komanso thanzi lonse la wodwalayo.

Mankhwala a insulin ndi oletsedwa zotsatirazi:

Kukula kungayambitse zovuta
Njira zamatenda zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi, zimaphatikizira matenda a cirrhosis ndi hepatitis yayikulu,
matenda a kapamba ndi impso (kapamba, nephritis, urolithiasis),
Matenda ena am'mimba (zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba),
matenda akulu amtima.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda monga kuperewera kwa coronary kapena pali zovuta ndi kufalikira kwa ubongo, njira zonse zochiritsira ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala a insulin.

Insulin ndi imodzi mwamafuta ofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Amapangidwa mu kapamba ndipo amayang'anira njira yokhazikika ya kagayidwe kazakudya. Kupatuka kulikonse kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kuchokera ku chizolowezi kumawonetsa kuti kusintha koyipa kumachitika m'thupi.

Zotsatira za kuperekera insulin kwa munthu wathanzi

Ngakhale anthu athanzi amatha kusinthasintha kwakanthawi mu insulin ya mahomoni, chifukwa, mwa kupsinjika kapena poyizoni wa mankhwala ena. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni munthawiyi amabwerera kwawokhazikika pakapita nthawi.

Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti kagayidwe kazakudya umachepa kapena pali matenda ena oyanjana.

Ngati insulin imaperekedwa kwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti zotsatira za mankhwalawo zidzakhala ngati poizoni kapena chinthu chakupha. Kukwera kwakukulu m'magulu a mahomoni kungayambitse kutsika kwa ndende yamagazi, zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia.

Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kudzetsa vuto lakumwa, ndipo ngati wodwalayo sanapatsidwe thandizo panthawi yake, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zitha. Ndipo zonse chifukwa choti insulin idalowa m'thupi la munthu yemwe samamufuna panthawiyo.

Mavuto ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin

Mukabayidwa ndi mahomoni awa kwa anthu athanzi, amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirazi:

kuthamanga kwa magazi
arrhasmia,
minofu ikunjenjemera
mutu
kuzunza kwambiri
nseru
njala
kuphwanya mgwirizano
ana opukusidwa
kufooka.

Komanso kuchepa kwambiri kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kungayambitse kukula kwa amnesia, kukomoka, osaphatikizidwa.

Ndi nkhawa kwambiri kapena mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osakwanira, ngakhale munthu wathanzi labwino kwambiri amatha kuperewera insulin. Mwakutero, kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni kumakhala koyenera komanso kofunikira, chifukwa ngati simupanga jakisoni, ndiye kuti, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemic ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Ngati munthu wathanzi atalowetsedwa ndi insulin yaying'ono, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chake chitha kukhala chochepa, komanso kutsika kwa glucose kumangoyambitsa njala komanso kufooka kwathunthu.

Ndikusowa kwa shuga, chizungulire komanso kupweteka mutu kumatha kuyamba. Ubongo umafunika chakudya ichi monga gwero lenileni lamphamvu lathanzi.

Mulimonsemo, ngakhale utachepa pang'ono wa mahomoniwo umatsogolera ku kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro za hyperinsulinism mwa munthu, zomwe zazikulu zake ndi:

thukuta kwambiri,
kutaya chidwi
masomphenya apawiri
kusintha kwa mtima,
kunjenjemera ndi kupweteka m'misempha.

Ngati insulin imaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa munthu wathanzi, izi zimatha kuyambitsa zotupa za m'mimba (m'mayikhidwe a Langerhans), endocrine pathologies ndi matenda omwe amagwirizana ndi kagayidwe ka thupi (metabolism of protein, salt and carbohydrate). Pachifukwa ichi, jakisoni wa insulin woletsedwa amaletsedwa.

Kodi kuyambitsa insulin kwa munthu wathanzi kudzatani?

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, wodwala amayenera kupaka jakisoni nthawi zonse, chifukwa kapamba wawo sangathe kupanga kuchuluka kwa timadzi timeneti.

Izi ndizofunikira kusungitsa ndende ya magazi pamlingo womwe mukufuna. Insulin ikalowetsedwa, anthu athanzi amayamba hypoglycemia. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo choyenera, ndiye kuti shuga yotsika kwambiri imatha kutaya chikumbumtima, kukokana komanso kuchepa kwa magazi. Zotsatira zoyipa ndizotheka, monga tidalemba pamwambapa

Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuyesa ndi insulin kumachitika osati ndi achinyamata omwe akuyesera kulimbana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nthawi zina atsikana ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakana kugwiritsa ntchito insulini kuti azitha kuyendetsa thupi.

Ochita masewera amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulin, nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi anabolic steroid kuti achulukitse minofu, sizobisika, zomwe zimathandiza othamanga kuti apange minofu yambiri mwachangu komanso moyenera.

Pali mfundo ziwiri zofunika kudziwa za insulin:

Mahomoni amatha kupulumutsa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Kuti izi zitheke, amafunika Mlingo wochepa, womwe umasankhidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala wina. Insulin imachepetsa shuga. Ngati insulin singagwiritsidwe ntchito molondola, ngakhale milingo yaying'ono ingayambitse hypoglycemia.
Insulin siyipangitsa kuti mumve chisangalalo, ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zizindikiro zina za hypoglycemia zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zofananira ndi kuledzera, koma palibiretu kumverera kwa euphoria, ndipo munthu, m'malo mwake, akumva kuyipa kwambiri.

Mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuzunza insulin, pali vuto limodzi lalikulu - hypoglycemia. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa kukambirana momasuka za zotsatirapo zonse za kusuta kwa mankhwala a insulin.

Insulin sikuti ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba, komanso mankhwala omwe amafunikira shuga. Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga pawokha amadera nkhawa ngati insulin ndi yoyipa, komanso ngati ingapewe. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa, chifukwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sikungatheke popanda insulin, ndipo ndi mtundu 2 umaloledwa, koma pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin yochulukirapo ilinso ndi mikhalidwe yake yoyipa.

Ubwino wa insulin

Mu shuga mellitus, dongosolo la endocrine silingathe kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini - mahomoni ofunikira a metabolism oyenera, omwe amachititsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Amapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo amathandizira kupanga chakudya. Thupi limafunikira insulini chifukwa imawonetsetsa kuti likugwira ntchito moyenera. Ubwino wa mahomoni amawonetsedwa motere:

imapereka kuchuluka kwa glucose m'maselo kuti asakhazikike mumitsempha yamagazi, ndikuwongolera msinkhu wake,
woyang'anira ntchito yama protein,
amalimbitsa minofu ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwawo,
imafikitsa ma amino acid kumisempha minofu,
imathandizira kulowa kwa maselo a potaziyamu ndi magnesium.

Jekeseni wa insulin mu mtundu 1 wa shuga ndikofunikira, ndipo mu mtundu 2 wa shuga amalepheretsa zovuta m'maso, impso ndi mtima.

Zokhudza thupi la munthu

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, insulin siyopangidwa kapena yopangidwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni ndikofunikira. Ndi mtundu 2, timadzi timene timapangidwa, koma sikokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti kunenepa kwa glucose kumachitika kwakukulu chifukwa cha kufooka kwa maselo. Potere, jakisoni safunika kwenikweni, koma odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti mahomoni amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya, makamaka kowonjezera. Mothandizidwa nawo, kupanga sebum kumakhudzidwa, ndipo m'mafuta osakanikirana, mawonekedwe ake amakhudzidwa. Mtundu uwu wa kunenepa kwambiri ndizovuta kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta amawaika m'chiwindi, zomwe zimayambitsa hepatosis. Vutoli limadzaza ndi kulephera kwa chiwindi, mapangidwe a miyala ya cholesterol, yomwe imasokoneza kutuluka kwa ndulu.

Zovuta za insulin

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin pamthupi zimayikidwa motere:

Hormalo sililola kuti mafuta achilengedwe asinthidwe kukhala mphamvu, chifukwa chomaliza chimasungidwa m'thupi.
Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni m'chiwindi, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids amathandizidwa, chifukwa cha momwe mafuta amadziunjikira m'maselo a thupi.
Ma lipase lipase - enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, amachititsa atherosulinosis, ochepa matenda oopsa komanso kuwonongeka kwaimpso. Atherosclerosis imakhalanso yoopsa pakukula kwa matenda a mtima. Insulin ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta zina mwanjira ya:

kuchuluka kwa madzi mthupi,
mavuto amawonedwe
hypoglycemia (dontho lakuthwa la shuga),

Insulin imatha kuchepetsa shuga kwambiri ndikupangitsa hypoglycemia.

Kuwonongeka kwa lipodystrophic kumawerengedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin nthawi yayitali. Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi sizivutika, koma chilema chaumboni chimawonedwa. Ndipo apa, hypoglycemia ndiye vuto lowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa mahomoni amatha kuchepetsa shuga kwambiri kotero kuti wodwalayo amatha kuzindikira kapena kugwa. Izi zitha kupewedwa ndikutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, makamaka, kuyendetsa mahandawo theka la ola limodzi asanadye.

Dziwani ngati kuli kotheka kusintha kuchokera ku insulin kupita ku mapiritsi kapena kukana ngati insulin ili yovulaza. Apa mutha kuwerenga malangizo a akatswiri, ndikupeza zanzeru zonse.

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchepetsa magazi. Komabe, ndi matenda ashuga, thupi silingachite ntchito zake kapena silingathe kupirira nawo, chifukwa chake madokotala amasamutsa odwala kupita ku insulin.

Njira iyi ya chithandizo ndiyoti wodwala amwetse insulin tsiku lililonse, potero amachepetsa shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amatha kuyang'anira kupezeka kwake ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kungakhale kokwanira.

Chovuta chachikulu pakutenga insulin ndi momwe imaperekedwera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga ma jakisoni, omwe siabwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga akufuna kudziwa ngati zingatheke kusintha kuchokera ku insulin kupita pamapiritsi? Masiku ano, si dokotala aliyense amene angasinthe. Choyamba, chimalumikizidwa ndi thanzi la wodwala.

Maphunzirowa atatha, zidawululidwa kuti thunthu limatha kulowa mthupi la munthu, koma kusintha kwa jakisoni kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake ayenera kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mapiritsi kuti akhalebe ndi shuga yomwe akufuna, yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni. Chifukwa chake, kusinthaku nkotheka, ndipo zipatala zambiri zimachita kale, koma ziyenera kupita pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi ndizotheka kukana insulin

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri masiku ano. Ngati m'mbuyomu idakhudza makamaka okalamba, matendawa amakhudza anthu azaka zapakati komanso ngakhale ana.

Pamaso pakuzindikira, wodwalayo ayenera kudya kwambiri moyo wake wonse, kupatula zakudya zomwe zili ndi shuga mu zakudya zake. Inde, izi sizithetsa vutoli, chifukwa chake madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin. Malinga ndi iye, tsiku lililonse, kapena kangapo patsiku, wodwalayo ayenera kudzipereka jakisoni wa mankhwalawa kuti achepetse shuga.

Nthawi zina, wodwalayo amayamba kumva bwino komanso amasiya njira yolandirayi. Nthawi zambiri, pakadali pano, matendawa amayamba kukhululuka, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo ngati simumamwa mankhwalawa, pamakhala zovuta zina pakukula kwake. Nthawi zina wodwala amayenera kufotokozeranso matenda.

Chifukwa chake, kodi ndizotheka kukana insulini? Mpaka pano, ayi. Ofufuza ndi madotolo ambiri amabwera ndi njira zatsopano zochizira matendawa, koma pakadali pano palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa njira yoona. Nthawi zambiri, amalimbikitsa kusinthira pamapiritsi ngati matendawa ayamba kufooka, koma kulephera kwathunthu kumatsutsana.

Kodi insulini imavulala mu shuga

Dokotala atapereka chithandizo cha insulin kwa wodwala, kodi wodwala aliyense amaganiza ngati insulini ingavulaze mu matenda a shuga? Zachidziwikire, adotolo amachita izi kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwinobwino laumunthu ndikuletsa matenda kuti asawonetse zizindikiro zake, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhalanso ndi zovuta.

Yoyamba mwa izi ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Izi sizobwera chifukwa cha momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, koma kuti pambuyo pake, munthu amayamba kumva njala, ndipo thupi lake limamwa ma calorie mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amayamba kudya kwambiri ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.

Mu milungu yoyamba kumwa mankhwalawa mwa munthu, kusokonekera kwa madzi m'thupi kumayamba. Monga lamulo, malowa amazimiririka pakatha mwezi umodzi wowongolera ndipo amayenda ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Munthawi imodzimodziyo, mavuto amawonedwe amatha kuchitika.

Hypoglycemia imatha kuganiziridwa kuti ndi vuto kwambiri pakulandila mankhwala a insulin. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kukomoka kapena ngakhale kufa.

Anthu ena amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ena ake. Izi zimatchedwa payekha, chifukwa ziwopsezo za insulin zokha sizinalembedwe kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani, ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani ili yofunikira kwa anthu? Yankho la funsoli lili pamwambapa pansipa.

Insulin - kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini Insula (chilumba), ndi chinthu china chapangidwe ndi mapuloteni, chopangidwa ndi maselo ena apakhungu, kapenanso, kapangidwe kake. Mu terminology yamankhwala, adalembedwa ngati zisumbu za Langerhans - Sobolev.

Hormon ya pancreatic iyi imakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pamachitidwe onse a metabolic omwe amapezeka mu minofu yomwe imakhala yachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu. Monga gawo la peptide, imakwaniritsa maselo aumunthu ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pa iyo, ndikusamutsa potaziyamu, amino acid osiyanasiyana, ndipo, glucose kudzera mu hematopoietic system. Popeza ndikuthokoza glucose m'thupi la munthu kuti chakudya chamagulu ena chimasungidwa.

Umu ndi momwe zimachitikira: chakudya chikamalowa mu thupi la munthu, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachuluka, komwe kumakhudza gawo la chinthu chomwe chafotokozedwacho m'magazi ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake

Mphamvu yothandiza ya chinthuchi imalumikizidwa ndi mamangidwe ake. Izi ndi zomwe zidapangitsa chidwi cha asayansi kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe kupezeka kwa timadzi timeneti. Popeza njira yeniyeni yanthawi yomwe amapangira zinthu zoterezi zimatha kudzipatula.

Mwachilengedwe, mtundu wokha wa mankhwala ndiosakwanira kufotokoza kapangidwe kake. Koma zilinso zowona kuti sayansi siyimayima ndipo lero mphamvu zake zamankhwala zadziwika kale. Ndipo izi zimatipangitsa kuti tisinthe mankhwala atsopano komanso ochulukitsa omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiritsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamaphatikizapo ma amino acid ndipo ndi mtundu wa mahomoni a peptide. Kapangidwe ka molekyulu yake kali ndi maunyolo awiri a polypeptide, mapangidwe ake omwe amapanga zotsalira za amino acid, zomwe kuchuluka kwake ndi 51. Maunyolo awa amalumikizidwa ndi milatho yopanda malire yomwe imatanthauziridwa kuti "A" ndi "B". Gulu "A" lili ndi zotsalira 21 za amino acid, "B" 30.

Kapangidwe kake ndi kugwira kwake ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe ndi kosiyana. Mwa anthu, kapangidwe kameneka kamatikumbutsa zambiri osati zomwe zimapangidwa mthupi la nyani, koma zomwe zimapangidwa mu nkhumba. Kusiyana pakati pa kapangidwe ka nkhumba ndi anthu kumangokhala mu amino acid yotsalira, yomwe ili mu unyolo B. Mitundu yotsatira yachilengedwe yomwe imafanana ndi ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe, yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwamitundu itatu ya amino acid. Pazinyama zoyamwitsa, mamolekyulu a chinthuchi amasiyana kwambiri mabowo amino acid.

Ntchito ndi zomwe mahomoni amakhudza

Mukamadya mapuloteni, insulin, monga peptide hormone, siikumbidwa ngati ina iliyonse m'matumbo, koma imagwira ntchito zambiri. Chifukwa chake, zomwe mankhwalawa amachita, makamaka insulini, amathandizira kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cell nembanemba kwa glucose.

Ngakhale imagwira insulin ndi ntchito zina zofunika mthupi:

Zimathandizira mawonekedwe a chiwindi ndi minofu kapangidwe ka glycogen - mawonekedwe amasungidwe a shuga m'maselo a nyama.
Kuchulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen,
Imachepetsa ntchito zina za enzymatic zomwe zimawononga mafuta ndi ma glycogens,
Imapangitsa insulin kuti iwonjezere mapuloteni komanso mafuta,
Imawongolera machitidwe ena aumunthu ndipo imakhudza mayamwidwe oyenera amino acid ndi maselo,
Imachepetsa mawonekedwe a matupi a ketone,
Imalimbikitsa kukomoka kwa lipid.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu. Udindo wake monga mapuloteni m'magazi ndikuchepetsa shuga la magazi.

Kulephera kwa katemera wa insulin m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa insulini komanso kuzindikira matenda a shuga 1. Kuphwanya kulumikizana kwa chinthuchi pamatumbo kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a 2.

Kodi chinthuchi chimanunkhira bwanji? Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, omwe, choyamba, chimakopa chidwi ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mahomoni ofotokozedwawo, glucose samalowa m'maselo. Pokhudzana ndi zomwe njala yeniyeni imayambira m'maselo. Ndipo glucose wophatikizika amapezeka pakupanga matupi a ketone, polumikizana ndi komwe kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pakhungu ndi mkodzo kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, fungo lotere likaonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kupezeka ndikupanga zinthu izi m'zaka za zana la 20 ngati mankhwala a anthu odwala matenda ashuga kupatsa anthu ambiri mwayi osati wowonjezera moyo wawo ndi matenda oterowo, komanso kuti azisangalala nawo mokwanira.

Kupanga kwa mahomoni m'thupi

Ndi ma cell a "B" okha omwe ndi omwe amapanga zinthu izi mthupi la munthu. Hemuloni ya insulin imayendetsa shuga ndikuchita pazinthu zamafuta. Ndikuphwanya njirazi, shuga amayamba kukula. Mothandizirana ndi izi, malingaliro a asayansi akukumana ndi ntchito m'magawo monga zamankhwala, sayansi ya zamankhwala, sayansi ndi majini opanga maumboni kuti amvetsetse mfundo zonse za biosynthesis ndi machitidwe a insulin pamthupi kuti athe kuwongolera njirazi.

Chifukwa chake, ndi ma cell a "B" omwe amachititsa - kupanga insulini m'magulu awiri, imodzi ndi yakale, ndipo inayo ndi yotukuka, yatsopano. Poyamba, proinsulin imapangidwa - siyogwira ntchito ndipo imagwira ntchito yamafuta. Kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi kumatsimikizika pa 5% ndipo zomwe zimagwira m'thupi sizidziwika bwinobwino.

Hemeni ya insulin imasungidwa ndi maselo a "B" poyamba, monga timafotokozere pamwambapa, ndikusiyana kokhako kuti amapita ku Golgi tata, komwe amakakonzedwanso. Mkati mwa gawo ili lama cellular, lomwe limapangidwira kapangidwe ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ma enzymes, C-peptide imasiyanitsidwa.

Zotsatira zake, insulini imapangidwa ndikuchuluka kwake, ikusungilira kuti izisungidwa bwino mumtsuko zazinsinsi. Kenako, ngati pakufunika insulin m'thupi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, maselo a "B" amatulutsa timadzi tambiri m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake thupi laumunthu limapanga mahomoni ofotokozedwawo.

Kufunika ndi gawo la mahomoni ofotokozedwawo

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira insulin mthupi la munthu, chifukwa chiyani chinthu ichi chimagwira ntchito yanji? Thupi laumunthu la ntchito yolondola ndi yofananira nthawi zonse limapereka lingaliro kuti kwa maselo ake aliwonse amafunikira kwakanthawi:

Yokhazikika ndi mpweya
Michere yomwe amafunikira,
Glucose.

Umu ndi momwe ntchito yake yofunika imathandizidwira.

Ndipo glucose momwe amapangira mphamvu inayake imapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo, kulowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti alowe mu cell iliyonse kuchokera m'magazi. Mukuchita izi, insulini yolowetsa glucose m'maselo imagwira m'thupi la munthu ngati galimoto, potipatsa ntchito yoyendera.

Ndipo, zoona, kuperewera kwa chinthuchi kumaphetsa thupi ndi maselo ake, koma owonjezera angayambitse matenda monga mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso ngakhale kuyambitsa khansa.

Pokhudzana ndi zomwe tanena pamwambapa, mulingo wa insulini mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga uyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, kuyesa mayeso ndikupita kuchipatala.

Kupanga ndi chinthu chimodzi

Insulin yachilengedwe imapangidwa m'mapamba. Mankhwala omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, kukhala mankhwala ofunikira, adasintha kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe akuvutika komanso akudwala matenda ashuga.

Ndiye ndi chiyani ndipo ndimotani momwe insulini imapangidwira mu mankhwala?

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumasiyana:

Ku mulingo wina kapena wina,
Chiyambi (nthawi zina insulin - bovine, nkhumba, munthu),
Zinthu zazing'ono
Kusintha
pH - yankho
Kuthekera kophatikiza mankhwala (zochita zazifupi ndi zazitali).

Kubweretsa insulin kumachitika ndi ma syringe ena apadera, kuyerekeza kwake komwe kumayimiridwa ndi njirayi: mutatenga 0,5 ml ya mankhwala ndi syringe, wodwalayo amatenga magawo 20, 0,35 ml ofanana ndi magawo 10 ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi chiyani? Zonse zimatengera momwe mumapezera. Ndi mwa mitundu ili:

Mankhwala ochokera ku nyama,
Zosiyanasiyana
Umisiri wamtundu,
Okonzedwa,
Zopanga.

Horoni wa nkhumba wautali kwambiri. Koma kapangidwe ka insulin kameneka, komwe kanali kosiyana ndi mahomoni achilengedwe, kunalibe zotsatira zenizeni. Mothandizirana ndi izi, kupambana kwenikweni komanso kuthana ndi matenda ashuga kwakhala njira yogwiritsidwira ntchito insulin, momwe zinthu zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 100% zimakhutira ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga, komanso amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake, zochita za kuphatikiza insulini kunapatsanso mwayi kuti odwala matenda ashuga akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Mwa kuwonekera batani "Tumizani", mumavomereza mfundo zachinsinsi zachinsinsi ndikupereka chilolezo chanu pakugwiritsa ntchito deta yanu pazokha komanso pazolinga zomwe zafotokozedwazo.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani insulin ili yoopsa?

Kodi ndizotheka kukana jakisoni wa insulin?

Zinanenedwa kuti matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 sangachite popanda jakisoni, ndipo mtundu wosadalira insulini umagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tating'onoting'ono ngati kakanthawi. Thupi limatha kuthana ndi ntchito zake, motero mutha kukana jakisoni, komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakukakamizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala a insulin:

Kutengera phindu la mahomoni opindulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni ndikwachiwonekere, ndipo ena odwala matenda ashuga sangathe popanda iyo, pomwe ena angakhale opanda nkhawa. Ngakhale zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa utsogoleri, zimatha kuchotsedwa palokha. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kusintha kadyedwe.

Chidziwitsocho chimaperekedwa kuti chizidziwitso chokha chokha ndipo sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakudzipanga nokha. Osadzinyengerera, zitha kukhala zowopsa. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala. Pofuna kukopera mwatsatanetsatane kapena mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zomwe zili pamalowo, kulumikizana kwofunikira kukufunika.

Zotsatira za insulin pa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri

Madzi a insulin amatulutsa kapamba poyankha chakudya. Zimathandizira thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kuzakudya poyendetsa michere ku ma cell. Mitsempha yakam'mimba ikaphwanya chakudya chamagulugigisi ku glucose, insulin imatsogolera glucose kumalo osungira - minofu glycogen, glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu ya adipose.

Vomerezani, zingakhale bwino ngati minofu yathu imadya michere, koma insulini sasamala komwe ingawatsogolere. Anthu ocheperako amatha kupindula ndi izi - kuti apangitse mapangidwe ake ataphunzitsidwa kuti apange minofu, koma anthu onenepa kwambiri ayenera kuthera nthawi yayitali kuti akhalebe osasinthasintha.

Milingo ya insulin ndi zakudya

Thupi limatulutsa insulini poyankha chakudya. Pali malingaliro atatu omwe amathandizira kuwongolera mulingo wake - iyi ndi glycemic index (GI), glycemic mzigo (GN) ndi insulin index (AI).

Mlozera wa glycemic umatsimikizira momwe shuga yanu yamagazi imakhalira mutatha kudya chakudya chamafuta. Mkulu akachuluka m'ndendemo, shuga amawonjezeka mofulumira ndipo thupi limatulutsa kwambiri insulin. Zakudya zokhala ndi GI yotsika ndizodziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu (mbewu zonse, amadyera ndi masamba osakhazikika), ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi GI yayitali zimadziwika ndi zoperewera zama fiber (mapira osenda, mbatata, maswiti). Chifukwa chake, mu mpunga oyera, GI ndi 90, ndipo yofiirira - 45. Panthawi yamatenda othandizira, CHIKWANGWANI chamafuta chimawonongeka, chomwe chimakulitsa GI ya malonda. Mwachitsanzo, GI ya karoti yaiwisi ndi 35, ndipo yophika - 85.

Katundu wa glycemic amakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe gawo linalake lazakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimakhudzira thupi. Asayansi aku Harvard adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu, kumakhala kokwanira kuchuluka kwa insulini. Chifukwa chake, mukakonza chakudya, muyenera kuwongolera magawo.

Kuti muwerenge katundu, mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:

(Zogulitsa GI / 100) x zamafuta azakudya pamakonzedwe.

GN Yotsika - mpaka 11, sing'anga - kuchokera 11 mpaka 19, okwera - kuchokera 20.

Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wa oatmeal 50 g umakhala ndi 32,7 chakudya. GI oatmeal ndi 40.

(40/100) x 32.7 = 13.08 - pafupifupi GN.

Momwemonso, timawerengera gawo la ayisikilimu wazirimu 65 g. Mndandanda wa glycemic wa ayisikilimu 60, gawo 65 g, makabatijini pakupatsa 13.5.

(60/100) x 13.5 = 8.1 - GN yotsika.

Ndipo ngati pakuwerengera tikatenga magawo awiri a 130 g, ndiye kuti timapeza 17.5 - pafupi ndi GN yapamwamba.

Mndandanda wa insulin ukuwonetsa momwe timadzi timeneti timadzuka poyankha kudya zakudya zama protein. AI yapamwamba kwambiri ya mazira, tchizi, ng'ombe, nsomba, ndi nyemba. Koma mukukumbukira kuti timadzi timtunduwu timakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe kazinthu zamagalimoto komanso kayendedwe ka amino acid. Chifukwa chake, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kwa ena onse, ndizosafunika kwenikweni.

Kodi tinganene chiyani pamenepa?

Zogulitsa zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic sizingochepetsa kuteteza insulini, komanso zimapatsa kumverera kwakutali kokwanira satiety chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber. Zakudya zotere ziyenera kukhala maziko azakudya zochepetsa thupi.

Kuyeretsa ulusi ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kumachulukitsa chakudya cha GI pamene fiber mu chakudya komanso kupezeka kwamafuta kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa zakudya. Kuchepetsa pang'ono, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuchepa kwa insulini kwambiri. Yesani kudya mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu limodzi, osapewa masamba ndipo musawope mafuta.

Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa magawo. Kuchuluka kwake, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kapamba komanso insulin kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zakudya zazing'ono zingathandize. Kudya pang'ono, mudzapewa kuchuluka kwa glycemic komanso kuphulika kwa mahomoni.

Chakudya chochulukirapo chimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda ashuga. Muyenera kupanga zoperewera zama calorie m'zakudya zanu, musamadye zakudya zanu komanso muziwongolera kuchuluka kwake kwa zakudya zam'matumbo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losakwanira la insulin ayenera kudya michere yambiri, koma mapuloteni ochulukirapo ndi mafuta monga gawo la zomwe amapeza mkati mwa kalori.

Mutha kudziwa kukhudzika kwanu pang'ono. Ngati gawo lalikulu la chakudya likuwoneka kuti muli ndi chidwi komanso mphamvu, ndiye kuti thupi lanu limatulutsa insulini. Ngati mukumva kutopa komanso kumva njala pambuyo pa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti chinsinsi chanu chikuwonjezeka - muyenera kulabadira kwambiri zakudyazo.

Kuperewera kwa kalori, zakudya zopatsa chidwi, kusankha zakudya zamagetsi ochepa, kuwongolera magawo ndi chakudya kumathandizira kukhala ndi insulin yolimba komanso kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu. Komabe, ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse kwa matenda ashuga, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kukopera nkhaniyi kwathunthu kapena mbali yake nkoletsedwa.

Kodi insulin imawononga chiyani thanzi komanso thupi?

Insulin ndi timadzi tomwe timatulutsa kapamba. Amatenga nawo mbali pamaulalo osiyanasiyana a metabolic ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Popanda kupanga, matenda a shuga 1 amayamba ndipo, ngati simuyamba jakisoni, inshuwaransi imakumana ndi imfa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kupanga insulini kumakhala kwabwinobwino komanso ngakhale kukwezedwa, koma minyewa yake sikuidziwa. Zikatero, insulin ndi yoyipa, kayendetsedwe kake sikunawonetsedwa komanso koopsa.

Kuonjezera insulin m'magazi kungayambitse kukula kwa kotchedwa metabolic syndrome - kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yowonjezera, mafuta ndi glucose m'magazi. Mavuto omwewo akhoza kutsagana ndi kuperekedwa kwa insulin popanda kuwonetsa - mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa minofu mu othamanga.

Makhalidwe ofunikira a insulin

Kutulutsidwa kwa insulini kumachitika pamene glucose alowa m'magazi, ndiye kuti chakudya chilichonse chimakhala chothandizira kutulutsa kwa timadzi timeneti.

Nthawi zambiri, zimatsimikizira kuperekera kwa michere m'maselo, omwe amapereka momwe zakhalira.

Mu thupi, insulini imagwira ntchito zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira ntchito yofunika. Ubwino wa insulin m'thupi umaonekera mwa izi:

Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi maselo.
Zimawonjezera kukula kwa minofu ndikulimbikitsa kupanga kwa mapuloteni m'maselo.
Zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwa minofu.
Amanyamula amino acid kumisempha minofu.
Imathandizira kutuluka kwa potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate m'maselo.
Imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen m'chiwindi.

Zokhudza insulin pa mafuta kagayidwe

Phunziro lomwe limaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi insulin polimbana ndi mavuto a kagayidwe ka mafuta. Zimatsogolera kukukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndikuvuta kwambiri.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta m'chiwindi kumabweretsa mafuta a hepatosis - kuchuluka kwa mafuta mkati mwa khungu la chiwindi ndikulowa m'malo mwake ndi minyewa yolumikizana ndikukula kwa chiwindi cholephera. Miyala ya cholesterol imapangidwa mu ndulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa mapangidwe a bile.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta mu mafuta amkati amapanga mtundu wapadera wa kunenepa - komwe kumayambira mafuta m'mimba. Mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri umadziwika ndi chidwi chochepa chakudya. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kupanga sebum kumapangidwira, ma pores pa nkhope amakula, ziphuphu zimayamba.

Njira zoyipa zochitira zinthu zotere zimachitika m'njira zingapo:

Enzime ya lipase imatsekedwa, yomwe imaphwanya mafuta.
Insulin siyilola kuti mafuta asandulike mphamvu, chifukwa amathandizira pakuphatikizana kwa glucose. Mafuta amakhalabe odzikundikira.
Mu chiwindi, mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids amathandizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala m'maselo a chiwindi.
Pansi pa kuchitapo kwake, kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a mafuta kumawonjezeka.
Insulin imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol ndikuletsa kupasuka kwake ndi ma asidi a bile.

Zotsatira zamachitidwe amtunduwu m'magazi, mafuta ochulukitsa kwambiri amawonjezeka, ndipo amawaika pamakoma a mitsempha - atherosulinosis imayamba. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imathandizira kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen ya mitsempha ya magazi, yolimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu minofu khoma lamitsempha. Zimalepheretsanso kuwonongeka kwa magazi omwe amabisa chotengera.

Ndi atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima amayamba, minyewa yaubongo imakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa stroko, matenda oopsa oopsa amachitika, ndipo ntchito ya impso imalephera.

Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi

Insulin ndi othandizira kukula kwa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo a cell achulukane. Ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulin, chiopsezo cha zotupa zam'mawere zimawonjezeka, pomwe chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa ndizovuta zamtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 ndi mafuta a m'magazi ambiri, ndipo monga mukudziwa, kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga nthawi zonse zimayendera limodzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin ndiyo imayang'anira kusungidwa kwa magnesium mkati mwa maselo. Magnesium ali ndi katundu wopumula khoma lamitsempha. Ngati kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa insulin, magnesium imayamba kuchotsedwa m'thupi, ndipo sodium, m'malo mwake, imachedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Udindo wa insulini pakukula kwa matenda angapo umatsimikiziridwa, pomwe, posakhala chifukwa chawo, umapanga nyengo zoyenera:

Matenda oopsa.
Matenda a oncological.
Njira zotupa zosafunikira.
Matenda a Alzheimer's.
Myopia.
Matenda oopsa a ubongo amayamba chifukwa cha insulin pa impso ndi mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa insulin, vasodilation imachitika, koma zikhalidwe la kutaya chidwi, dipatimenti yachifundo yokhudzana ndi machitidwe amanjenje imagwira ntchito komanso ziwiya zopapatiza, zomwe zimabweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Insulin imathandizira kupanga zotupa - ma enzymes omwe amathandizira njira yotupa ndipo amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka adiponectin ya mahomoni, omwe ali ndi anti-yotupa.
Pali maphunziro omwe akuwonetsa gawo la insulin pakukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, puloteni wapadera amapangidwa m'thupi lomwe limateteza maselo aubongo kuti atulutsidwe ndi minyewa ya amyloid. Ndizinthu izi - amyloid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a ubongo atha kugwira ntchito yawo.

Mapuloteni omwewo amateteza kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, pakuwonjezeka kwa insulin, mphamvu zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepa kwake ndipo ubongo umakhalabe wopanda chitetezo.

Kuzama kwambiri kwa insulini m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lamaso, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthekera kwazowoneka bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhala kupitapo pafupipafupi kwa myopia mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Nanga zidzachitike ndi chiyani ngati munthu wathanzi lathunthu wavulala ndi insulin

Choyamba, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ngakhale mwa anthu omwe alibe mavuto ndiumoyo, nthawi zina kuikidwa kwa insulin kumachepa kapena, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezeka. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zinthu zimakhazikika patapita nthawi yochepa. Sinthani kusintha pafupipafupi:

zolimbitsa thupi
kupsinjika kwa malingaliro
poyizoni wa mankhwala ena ake.

Momwe kuchuluka kwa mahomoni sikubwerera mwachizolowezi, matenda ashuga amatha kukayikiridwa mwa munthu.

Kwa anthu oterowo, adotolo amafotokozera jakisoni wa insulin. Komanso, gawo ili nthawi zonse limawonedwa ngati lalikulu kwambiri.

Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, amapangira jakisoni mankhwala nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zina mankhwalawo amakhala okulirapo. Homoni wopangidwa amathandizira kukhazikitsa kagayidwe komanso kukhazikika kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Insulin imavulaza munthu wathanzi, chifukwa zotsatira za mankhwala omwe atchulidwa zimafanana kwambiri ndi kumwa mankhwala a poizoni. Makamaka, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa glucose wa plasma kungayambitse hypoglycemia patapita nthawi. Izi zokha ndizokongola Zowopsa, koma zosavuta kusiya.

Jakisoni wa insulin akapanda kuvulaza munthu yemwe amakhala wathanzi

Wodwala matenda ashuga amafunika kubayira insulin tsiku lililonse, popeza timadzi tambiri timeneti timapangidwa. Komabe, nthawi zina komanso mwa munthu wathanzi labwino, thunthu la zinthu zomwe limafunsirazo limatsika kwambiri. Apa, kuyambitsa insulini yaying'ono nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwalimbikitsa.

Kuthekera kwa kukhala ndi vuto lowopsa monga hyperglycemic coma ndikokwera kwambiri ngati jakisoni sanachitike panthawi yake. Ndizowopsa komanso nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe msanga.

Zizindikiro zotere zimawonetsa kuchepa kwa shuga:

migraines
chizungulire
kutayika kwa ndende
zosokoneza
thukuta lolemera
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
miyendo yanjenjemera
tachycardia
kupweteka kwa minofu.

Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati mukulowetsa gawo la insulin mwa munthu wathanzi lathunthu?

Pokhala ndi mlingo waukulu, munthu yemwe alibe matenda ashuga azikhala ndi zizindikiro zingapo zosasangalatsa:

mgwirizano wolakwika,
ana owoneka bwino
kufooka
migraine
matenda oopsa
kunjenjemera
nkhanza
njala yosatha
nseru
thukuta
mphamvu zolowa pansi.

Ngati kusowa kwa zakudya zamafuta sikakulipilitsidwa, ndiye kuti kupatuka kulikonse mu kuchuluka kwa insulin kumapangitsa kupitilira kwa zomwe zikufotokozedwazo. Pambuyo pake, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kukula ndi zovuta zina:

chisokonezo,
kukomoka
kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
hypoglycemic chikomokere.

Kuopsa kokhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa hypoglycemic ndikopamwamba kuposa, chifukwa cha insulin. Ndi okhawo omwe amayambitsa kutsekeka kwa glucose mu 40 peresenti yankho lomwe lingapatse munthu moyo.

Kodi ndi inshuwaransi yotani ya insulin ya munthu wathanzi labwino

Pali lingaliro pakati pa anthu kuti ngati gawo laling'ono la mahomoni limaperekedwa kwa wodwala yemwe alibe matenda ashuga, nthawi yomweyo amagwa. Izi sizowona.

Mwanthawi yaying'ono, mankhwalawa sangayambitse zotsatira zoyipa. Ngati mutaba jakisoni wochepa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amangokhala ndi njala komanso kufooka pang'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse imfa ndi magawo zana. Momwemo ndi kuchuluka kwa syringe yonse ya insulin. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba, pakufunika mlingo waukulu (kuyambira 300 mpaka 500).

Komabe, popeza mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, munthu amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa atabayidwa jakisoni kuti apangitse mwadzidzidzi. Pakati pakukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin ndi kuyambika kwa chikomokere nthawi zambiri kumatenga maola atatu mpaka anayi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika zonse zoyipitsitsa sizovuta kusiya. Kuti muchite izi, ingomenyani maswiti angapo kapena mafuta angapo owonjezera a shuga, omwe ali m'nyumba iliyonse. Ngati kusintha sikutheka, ndiye kuti kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri kumachitika mobwerezabwereza ndi mphindi 5.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha insulin ndi chiani?

Mpaka pano, mahomoniwa nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ndi achinyamata omwe amakhulupirira kuti amatha kusintha mankhwala osokoneza bongo a narcotic. Nthawi yomweyo, atsikana ang'onoang'ono nthawi zina amadzipatsa jakisoni, kuyesera kuti athetse kunenepa kwambiri. Omanga thupi amagwiritsanso ntchito insulin. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa ndi ma steroid. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse thupi msanga komanso kuwonjezera minofu. Palibe amene amaganiza za zotsatirapo zake.

Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kudziwa za mankhwalawa. Choyamba, cholinga chake ndi kuchiza matenda ashuga komanso kukonza moyo wa anthu omwe akudwala. Apa amatengedwa mu milingo yaying'ono, yomwe imasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Homoniyo amathandizira kuchepetsa shuga, chifukwa chake, iwo omwe amamwa mosawerengeka (ngakhale ochepa) ayenera kuganizira mwayi wokhala ndi hypoglycemia ndi chikomokere. Insulin siyifanana ndi mankhwala mwanjira iliyonse - pambuyo pa jakisoni palibe vuto la euphoria. Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatsatana ndi kukwera kwa shuga ndizofanana ndi zizindikiro za kuledzera, koma chonse, munthu akakhala ndi vuto lofooka.

Kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la insulin ndi anthu athanzi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuyambika kwa zotupa njira mwachindunji mu kapamba, komanso, zimapangitsa kuti:

matenda a endocrine
kagayidwe kazakudya ka mapuloteni, chakudya chamchere ndi mchere.

Momwe mungakulitsire chidwi cha minofu

Popewa kukula kwa metabolic syndrome, malingaliro otsatirawa akuyenera kuonedwa:

Kuletsedwa kwa zakudya zamafuta ambiri mu mafuta m'thupi (nyama yamafuta, offal, mafuta anyama, chakudya chofulumira).
Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta osavuta chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa shuga muzakudya zanu.
Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu, popeza kupanga kwa insulin sikukhudzidwa ndi chakudya, komanso mapuloteni.
Kugwirizana ndi zakudya komanso kusapezeka kwa zokhwasula-khwasula, makamaka ndi shuga.
Chakudya chotsiriza chimayenera kukhala maola 4 asanagone, chifukwa chakudya chamadzulo chimakhumudwitsa insulin komanso kuvulaza mawonekedwe a mafuta.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, kugwira masiku osala kudya komanso kusala kudya kwakanthawi (kokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala).
Kuyambitsa kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi fiber zokwanira.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi moyenera ngati mukuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kuchitira zolimbitsa thupi.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukonzekera kwa insulini kungakhale pokhapokha kupanga - ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus, nthawi zina zonsezi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a metabolic.
Ndi mankhwala a insulin, kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikofunikira kupewa bongo.

Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza zomwe zimazungulira insulini - mu kanema munkhaniyi adzatsutsidwa bwino.

Kupanga kwa insulin mthupi

Kasitomala ndi amene amapanga insulini - chifukwa amakhala ndi maselo a beta apadera. Mu thupi la munthu, timadzi timeneti timayendetsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, motero, katulutsidwe kake ndikofunikira. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Njira yopanga insulin ndi mbali zingapo:

Pancreas yoyamba imapanga prroinsulin (insulin preursor).
Nthawi yomweyo, peptide ya siginolo (L-peptide) imapangidwa, ntchito yomwe imathandizira preproinsulin kulowa cell ya beta ndikusintha kukhala proinsulin.
Kupitilira apo, ma proinsulin amakhalabe mu mawonekedwe apadera a khungu la beta - Golgi zovuta, pomwe amapsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, proinsulin imayikidwa mu C-peptide ndi insulin.
Insulin yotulutsidwa imakhudzana ndi zinc ion ndipo mu mawonekedwe awa amakhalabe mkati mwa maselo a beta. Kuti ilowe m'magazi, shuga m'magazi amayenera kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri. Glucagon imayang'anira zoletsa za insulin - zimapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic alpha.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya insulin ndikuwunika kagayidwe kazakudya pochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi za insulin. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Insulin imalumikizana ndi cholandirira cha membrane wa cell (membrane), ndipo izi zimayamba ntchito ya michere yofunika. Zotsatira zake ndikuyambitsa kwa protein kinase C, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi metabolism mkati mwa cell.

Thupi limafunikira insulini kuti magazi a shuga azikhala nthawi zonse. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti mahomoni:

Zimathandizira kukonza shuga.
Imachepetsa ntchito yopanga shuga m'magazi.
Imayamba ntchito ya ma enzyme omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azithamanga.
Imathandizira kusintha kwa glucose owonjezera kukhala glycogen.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umakhudzanso njira zina za thupi:

Kutsimikizika kwa amino acid, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium ndi maselo.
Kusintha kwa shuga m'chiwindi ndi maselo amafuta kukhala triglycerides.
Kupanga kwamafuta acid.
Kubereka koyenera kwa DNA.
Kuponderezedwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
Kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amalowa m'magazi.

Insulin ndi shuga wamagazi

Kodi shuga wamagazi amawongolera bwanji ndi insulin? Mwa munthu yemwe alibe matenda ashuga, magazi a magazi amakhalabe ofanana, ngakhale sanadye kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kapamba amapangira insulini kumbuyo. Mukatha kudya, zakudya zam'magazi zimaphwanyidwa kukhala mamolekyulu a shuga mkamwa ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Minyewa ya glucose imachuluka, ndipo zikondamoyo zimatulutsira insulin m'magazi, ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - iyi ndi gawo loyamba la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Kenako chitsulo chimapanganso mahomoni kuti abwezeretse ntchito, ndikupita pang'onopang'ono magawo atsopano mukuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo - gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha. Zotsalira za glucose zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala glycogen ndikusungidwa mu chiwindi ndi minofu, ndikuyamba kukhala mafuta.

Pakapita nthawi yambiri mutadya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsika, ndipo glucagon imamasulidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, glycogen yomwe imapezeka m'chiwindi ndipo minofu imasweka ndikupanga shuga, ndipo shuga ya magazi imakhala yachilendo. Chiwindi ndi minofu yotsalira yopanda glycogen imalandira gawo latsopano la chakudya chotsatira.

Madzi a insulin

Magazi a insulin amawonetsa momwe thupi limapangira shuga. Chizindikiro cha insulin mwa munthu wathanzi chimachokera 3 mpaka 28 μU / ml. Koma ngati shuga wambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi insulini yayikulu, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti maselo am'mimba amakhala osagonjetseka (mahomoni) kwa mahomoni omwe amapanga iron mwachizolowezi. Mafuta okhathamira am'magazi komanso otsika - insulin ikuwonetsa kuti thupi limasowa mahomoni opangidwa, ndipo shuga ya magazi ilibe nthawi kuti ithe.

Mulingo wokwera

Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza molakwika kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini ndi chizindikiro chabwino: m'malingaliro awo, mwanjira iyi mumakhala inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi hyperglycemia. Koma kwenikweni, kutulutsidwa kwambiri kwa mahomoni sikothandiza. Chifukwa chiyani zimachitika?

Nthawi zina chotupa kapena chithokomiro cha kapamba, matenda a chiwindi, impso ndi ma adrenal gland ndi omwe amafunika kutsutsidwa. Koma nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa matenda a insulin kumachitika mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pomwe mahomoni amapangidwa mokhazikika, ndipo maselo am'mimba "sawona" - pali insulin. Thupi limapitilizabe kuphatikiza mahandawo ndipo limachulukitsa kuchuluka kwake, poyesa kupulumutsa chakudya m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a 2 shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumakhala kopitilira muyeso.

Cholinga chomwe khungu limalembera insulin, asayansi amalingalira za genetics: chilengedwe chimapereka kuti kukana insulini kumathandizira kuti thupi likhale ndi moyo wanjala, ndikupangitsa kuti azitha kusunga mafuta munthawi yabwino. Kwa gulu lamakono lamayiko otukuka, njala sinakhale yofunikira kwa nthawi yayitali, koma chamoyo, mwa chizolowezi, chimapereka chizindikiro chodya zambiri. Kudzikundikira kwamafuta kumayikidwa kumbali, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kumakhala chida choyambitsa matenda a metabolic m'thupi.

Mulingo wotsika

Insulin yafupika ikhoza kuwonetsa mtundu wa 1 shuga, pamene kusowa kwa timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito shuga. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi:

Kuyamwa mwachangu.
Ludzu lamphamvu losalekeza.
Hyperglycemia - glucose amakhala m'magazi, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin satha kudutsa nembanemba.

Endocrinologist ayenera kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga insulini - muyenera kulumikizana naye kuyezetsa magazi.

Zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kupanga insulin ndi:

Zakudya zopanda pake, munthu akasankha zakudya zamafuta, chakudya chopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, insulin yomwe kapamba amapanga sikokwanira kuthana ndi chakudya chomwe chimabwera. Kupanga kwa mahomoni kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo ma cell a beta omwe amachititsa izi amatha.
Kudya kwambiri.
Kupsinjika ndi kusowa kwa tulo tikulepheretsa kupanga insulin.
Kuzindikira kwa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha matenda operewera komanso chifukwa cha matenda omwe adachitika kale.
Hypodynamia - chifukwa chokhala phee, mafuta a magazi amawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi thupi kumachepa.