Kodi shuga ya mtundu wachiwerewere imatani? Njira zowunikira

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika.

Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa, chitukuko chake sichitha kupewedwa poyimitsa chizindikiritso kumayambiriro.

Mankhwala, mawu akuti shuga woferedwa amatanthauza mkhalidwe womwe cholinga chake ndicho kukhalabe ndi shuga.

Kuchokera munkhaniyi, wowerenga amaphunzira za kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa kubwezeretsedwa kwa mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, milingo ndi njira za shuga wolipidwa, komanso malingaliro othandizira matendawa.

Makalata ochokera kwa Owerenga

Agogo anga akhala akudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali (mtundu 2), koma posachedwapa mavuto atuluka pamiyendo ndi ziwalo zamkati.

Mwangozi ndidapeza nkhani pa intaneti yomwe idapulumutsa moyo wanga. Ndidalumikizidwa kumeneko kwaulere pafoni ndipo ndidayankha mafunso onse, ndikuuzidwa momwe ndingachitire ndi matenda ashuga.

Patatha milungu iwiri atatha kulandira chithandizo, agogo aja adasinthiratu momwe akumvera. Ananenanso kuti miyendo yake sikupweteka komanso zilonda zake sizinayende; sabata yamawa tidzapita ku ofesi ya dotolo. Falitsa ulalo wa nkhaniyo

Kulipira shuga

Cholinga chobwezeretseratu matenda a shuga ndikuchepetsa shuga kukhala yokhazikika. Ndiye kuti, chizindikiritso cha shuga m'magazi chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalabe kwake mmagawo azikhalidwe zofunika kukhala pafupi ndi kwa munthu wathanzi kuyenera kulimbikira komanso kwanthawi yayitali, apo ayi "kulumpha" mu shuga la magazi kumangokulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Mfundo zikuluzikulu za kubwezeretsanso ndi zakudya zama carb ochepa, zolimbitsa thupi munthawi yochepa komanso mankhwala.

Kudziyeseza nokha kumathandizira pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, chifukwa kutsatira mfundo zili pamwambapa si chizolowezi.

Mfundo yofunikira ndikuyeza mwatsatanetsatane milingo ya shuga. Sizingatheke kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala nthawi yonse, kotero kuti kugula kwa glucometer ndikofunikira. Odwala ambiri sanyalanyaza mfundoyi, natchula mtengo wokwera wa chipangizo choyezera, koma popanda iwo chiphuphu sichingapangidwe.

Muyenera kuyeza shuga osachepera 5 pa tsiku: pamimba yopanda kanthu, mukatha kudya komanso musanayambe kugona. Sikokwanira kungoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mawa ndi madzulo okha, chifukwa miyezo mukatha kudya ndiofunikira kwambiri. Kupatula apo, ili muzoyang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya kuti mutha kuwona zolakwika zake.

Kudzipatsa nokha sikulimbikitsidwa, chithandizo chobwezerera chimasankhidwa payekha ndi katswiri (endocrinologist). Chifukwa chake, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ayenera kumwedwa pokhapokha mukaonana ndi dokotala.

Malipiro Othandizira

Kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wodziwa chithandizo choyenera, magawano otsatirawa a shuga malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu amavomerezedwa: kulipidwa, kulipidwa ndi kulipidwa.

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Gawo loyamba limafanana ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga: kuchuluka kwa glucose ali pafupi ndi abwinobwino, wodwalayo ali bwino ndipo palibe zizindikiro za zovuta. Matenda opatsirana omwe amapatsidwa shuga amatha kutchedwa gawo lapakati - shuga wamagazi sichachilendo, Zizindikirozi "zikuchulukirachulukira", chiwopsezo cha zovuta zimakulitsidwa.

Mlingo wovomerezeka wa matendawa ndiwopweteka kwambiri. Kusokera kulembedwa m'mbali zonse, mkhalidwe wa wodwala ndiwowopsa. Zonenedweratu sizabwino.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kupatulira koteroko pamlingo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zachipatala ku Russia kokha.

Kulipiritsa kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 ndikosiyana.Mtundu wachiwiri, monga mukudziwa, sukudalira insulin, motero kubwezeretsedwa kwake ndikosavuta kuchita. Kupimidwa pafupipafupi ndi kuyesedwa, limodzi ndi kadyedwe, ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga a 2 omwe amakakamizidwa komanso omwe amapatsidwa ndalama zambiri amachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri.

Kufunika kokulipirani chipepeso

Tsoka ilo, munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda omwe amamuganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga amapangana ndi endocrinologist pokhapokha atangodziwa matendawa.

Pakadali pano, palibe njira zochizira matenda ashuga, kungokhalitsa chikhululukiro chakutalika. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilo za matenda ashuga koyambira ziyenera kudziwa.

Zachidziwikire, kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndikovuta kuzindikira: njira yake imathamanga kwambiri, ndipo zizindikirazi zimayankhulidwa koyambirira: ludzu lakuya, mavuto ndi genitourinary system, kutupa kwa minofu yofewa.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Awiri A shuga

Vutoli ndilosiyana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri: muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi chazinthu zosakonzekera kuti "mupange" matenda a shuga panthawi yakulipirira.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuyabwa pakhungu,
• khungu ndi misomali,
• mafangayi ndi misomali
• mabala amachiritsa pang'onopang'ono
• mkamwa ndi mano mano amakhala owawa
• kuchuluka kwa tsitsi pamiyendo.

Kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro ngakhale zitatu ndi mwayi wokaonana ndi dokotala. Kuchitapo kanthu kwakanthawi pakukula kwa matendawa kumatha kuteteza mawonekedwe ake.

Njira za matenda ashuga

Kuti muwonetsetse momwe ntchito yolipirira imathandizira, muyenera kudziwa njira zomwe matenda a shuga amaperewera.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Kuyesa kwa glucose ndi njira yabwino yodziwira matenda ashuga. Kusala kuwerenga kwa shuga kwa mtundu 2 pamtunda wa 6.1 mmol / L, komanso pambuyo maola 1.5-2 mutatha kudya shuga (mayeso) - pafupifupi 11 mmol / L.
• Ngati zikuwonetsa kusala kudya kwa maola 8 mutakhala mulingo kuchokera pa 5.6 mpaka 6.1 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi, izi zikuwonetsa kulekerera kwa glucose (prediabetes). Pambuyo pokweza shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumagwera pakati pa 7.8 ndi 11.1 mmol / L.
• Kuphwanya kwa glycemia kumasonyezedwa ndikuwonetsa pambuyo pa shuga mpaka 7.8 mmol pa lita.

Pofuna kuwona kusiyana, 3.3-5.5 mmol / L musanadye chakudya ndipo mpaka 7.8 mmol / L mutatha kutsatsa shuga, motero, adatengedwa ngati abwinobwino.

Kuwongolera shuga

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kubwezeretsa shuga kwa shuga kumakhazikika pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, kupatuka kwa glycemia kumachitika chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya. Chifukwa chake, kayendetsedwe kazomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, koma mulingo wa shuga m'magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kuti muwone ntchito ya chipukuta misozi, simuyenera kutenga magazi okha, komanso mkodzo kuti muwoneke. Kusanthula koteroko kuyenera kuchitika pamwezi.

Njira zoyenera kuchitira anthu odwala matenda ashuga:

• Munthu akhoza kunena za kubwezeretsedwa bwino kwa matenda ashuga ngati shuga amasala kudya kuchokera 4,4 mpaka 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo atatha kudya - mpaka 8 mmol / L. Ndi chipepeso choterechi, palibe mkodzo mu mkodzo.
• Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimafanana ndi mulingo wokhuta chiphuphu: musanadye 6.1-7.8 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi, mutatha - mpaka 10 mmol / l. Mu mkodzo, shuga amakhala mpaka 0.5%.
• Kubwezera kumachitika ngati magawo onse osanthula apamwamba kwambiri kuposa abwinobwino: pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga ali pamwamba pa 7.8 mmol, ndipo atatha kudya, amadutsa chizindikiro cha 10 mmol / l.

Kuyesedwa kwina komwe kumathandizira kuwona bwino kwa chipukuta ndi kudziwa mulingo wa glycosylated hemoglobin. Imafunika kuchitika miyezi itatu iliyonse - nthawi zambiri kuposa mayeso ena.

Zisonyezo zake zitatu zokhudzana ndi shuga

1. Matenda a shuga opatsirana - ochepera 6.5%,
2. Mulingo wopindulitsa - mpaka 8%,
3. Kubwezera - zoposa 9.5%.

Pali njira zina zomwe zingathandizire kuti shuga asapatsidwe ndalama.Choyamba - "kulumpha" lakuthwa mu shuga. Zotsatira zake, kuwonongeka ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro. Kuphwanya njira yachipepeso kumatha kubweretsa kuphwanya zakudya, kapena kupsinjika kwambiri (ponseponse m'maganizo komanso mwakuthupi - kupsinjika kwakukulu).

Zakudya ndi malingaliro

Malangizo popewa matenda ashuga ali ofanana chimodzimodzi ndi nthawi yamatendawa.

Mwambo wawo ndi wofunika kwambiri kupewa matenda:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo opangidwa ndi dokotala. Kulandila kwawo sikunenedwenso nkomwe kukayikiridwa. Ngati zizindikiro zam'mbali zikuwoneka kapena sizikuthandizani, muyenera kumuuza.
• Zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamafuta mosavuta siziyenera kusiyidwa ndi zakudya: zokhala ndi shuga, zokometsera komanso zamafuta. Kuchokera pa ufa - zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wholemeal. Muyenera kudya kangapo patsiku, koma pang'ono.
• Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi pazifukwa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwathunthu ndivulaza thupi.
• Yang'anirani kupsinjika kwa tsikulo: Kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso zinthu zina zovuta ziyenera kuchepetsa.

Popeza talandira yankho la funso loti shuga woperekedwa ndi ndani, munthu amatha kuzindikira kufunikira kwake. Pakukwaniritsa bwino, kudziletsa kumachita mbali yayikulu.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Kodi kubwezera ndi chiyani?

Kusanthula kwa magawo alionse omwe shuga yowonjezera imatsimikiziridwa kumachitika malinga ndi ndandanda yake. Ena mwa iwo amatha kusintha m'maola ochepa, ena m'milungu yochepa kapena miyezi.

Koma kuphatikiza kwawo, poyerekeza ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu komanso zovuta zamankhwala, zimapereka lingaliro lomveka bwino kwa sing'anga wopezekayo ngati pali, kubwezera, kutalika kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kuli pafupi ndi kwabwinobwino momwe tingathere, titha kulankhula za kubwezeretsa kwa matenda. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kuwona zakudya zapadera. Muyeneranso kutsatira boma lapadera la tsikulo.

Zakudya ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe wodwala akuchita. Ngati izi sizikumbukiridwa, pali ngozi ya kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa insulini. Kuchokera pamenyu muyenera kuchotsetsa zakudya zamafuta zomwe zimatengedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pazopangira shuga.

Nthawi zina izi sizipereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Panthawi imeneyi, pofuna kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga, munthu amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala omwe amakhudza shuga. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, ndizotheka kuchepetsa zomwe zili pazinthu izi.

Nthawi zambiri pansi pa mawu

Pakadali pano amatanthauza gulu lonse la matenda a metabolic (matenda a metabolic), omwe amadziwika ndi chizindikiro chodziwika - kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chobisala

, zotsatira za insulin kapena zonsezi pamodzi. Mwazi wamagazi ambiri (

) mtengo wa chizindikiro ichi wopitilira 6 mmol / L. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana kwa 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L. Akavomera wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kupita kuchipatala, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo ndikofunikira. Mu shuga yayikulu mellitus, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wa ketone kumayesedwa.

Kodi hyperglycemia ya pathological ndi yokhudza thupi imachitika liti? Komabe, hyperglycemia sizitanthauza kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa thupi ndi pathological hyperglycemia. Physiological hyperglycemia imaphatikizapo:

• alimentary, ndiye kuti, mutatha kudya
• neurogenic, ndiye kuti, akutukuka chifukwa cha zovuta zamavuto

Matenda opatsirana a shuga amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odziyimira okha. Pankhaniyi, matendawa amapezeka pang'onopang'ono ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha miyezi yochepa kapena zaka.

Popanga njira ya pathological, nthawi zonse pamakhala mipata yokhala ndi thupi labwinobwino lomwe limatha kulipira zakuphwanya. Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo ake osungirako, ndipo chifukwa cha kufooka kwa machitidwe onse owongolera, matendawo amatenga pang'onopang'ono.

Kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, cholumikizira chofunikira cha pathogenetic ndikupanga kwa cell kukana ndi insulin, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya mayamwidwe a glucose mu minofu.

Matenda opatsirana a shuga ndi omwe amakhala ali pakati pomwe munthu amakhala ndi matenda a shuga am'mbuyomu pakati pakubwezeredwa ndi kuwonongeka.

Kubwezera ndikusintha kwa thanzi la wodwala pamene magawo onse ali pafupi kwambiri chifukwa chamankhwala.

Kubwezera ndi njira ina yomwe matenda ashuga angayambitse pamavuto akulu. Mothandizidwa ndi mkodzo, pafupifupi 50 g shuga limatuluka.

Magawo a shuga wamagazi saposa 13.8 mmol / lita. Acetone sichingawoneke. Koma ndi kubweza, zitha kuwoneka.

Hyperglycemic coma, pomwe wodwala akayamba kulipira matenda ashuga, ndizosatheka. Zowona, wodwalayo alibe thanzi labwino, komabe, amakhala wokhazikika ndipo samadandaula pamene malamulo ndi zofunika zonse zamankhwala zimakwaniritsidwa.

Ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu yamatendawa:

• Gawo la malipiro
• Fomu yolipidwa
• Gawo lowongoleredwa.

Matenda a shuga opatsirana ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mashuga amwazi amayandikira kwambiri ndipo, motero, palibe chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe atchulidwa, kutsatira zakudya komanso kutsatira njira zina.

Gawo lowonongeka la matenda ashuga limachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kuchiritsa kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu. Pa nthawi iyi ya matendawa, mwayi wokhala ndi ketacidosis, hyperglycemic coma.

Zinthu zokhala ndi glucose m'magazi zochuluka zimapangitsa kuti minyewa iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa ikhale yovuta, mawonekedwe a ntchito, ndipo mtima wake umavutika. Kubwezera kumakhala kovuta kusintha chitukuko, odwala ali ndi thanzi lofooka, kudalirika kwa matenda ndiosavomerezeka.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizika ndi gawo lamalire pakati pamalipiro ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda. Zizindikiro za matendawa kumapita patsogolo, chiopsezo cha zovuta zapachuma chikuwonjezeka.

Pokhala nthawi yayitali osalowa mu fomu yolipiridwa, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ochulukirapo umakula. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amayamwa amafunika kuwunika chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zakudya.

Kubwezeretsa shuga kumakhala kosavuta kukwaniritsa ndi mtundu wachiwiri womwe sukudalira insulin. Matenda a Type 1 amabweretsa kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin, motero chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga ndizovuta kwambiri.

Ndi odwala shuga ochulukirapo, oposa theka la odwala amakhala. Pofuna kupewa kutembenuka kwa matendawa mgawo lokonzedwa, ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi ndipo potengera kusanthula, sinthani mankhwalawo.

Kusanthula kwa aliyense wa magawo kumachitika mosiyanasiyana. Zitsulo zina zimatha kusintha maora ochepa, zina mu masabata kapena miyezi ingapo.

Koma ziyenera kufananizidwa ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu. Izi ndizomwe zikuwonetsera kubwezeretsedwa ndi kulipidwa komanso nthawi yayitali.

1. Glycemia - amawonetsa kagayidwe ndipo amachitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Zimakhazikitsidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu (chizolowezi mwa anthu athanzi ndichabwino kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l) ndi maola awiri mutatha kudya (chikhalidwe cha anthu athanzi sayenera kupitirira 7.7 mmol / l).
2. Glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin - HbA1c - chofunikira kwambiri pakutsimikiza kwa glycemia: mapuloteni a erythrocyte amalowa mu mgwirizano wolimba ndi glucose (wabwinobwino 3-6%). Zikuwonetsa kusinthana kwa shuga wosavuta m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi. Ngati chiri pamwamba 7.5 - ichi ndi chizindikiritso chobwezerera boma.
3. Fructosamine - glucose amapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi mapuloteni am'madzi am'magazi (chizolowezi cha athanzi ndi 285 micromol / l). Kusanthula ndi koyenera kwa masabata awiri apitawa.
4. Lipidogram - samangodziwa kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, komanso imapereka lingaliro la zovuta za matendawo. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwachiwiri kwa lipid metabolism, kuphatikizapo MI, stroko, atherosclerosis, komanso kuwonongeka kwa impso. Pa kafukufukuyu, magazi a venous amatengedwa pambuyo pa maola 12 akumva njala ndi ola limodzi osasuta.
5. Glucosuria - sichimadziwika. Shuga mumkodzo amapezeka pamlingo wamagazi a 9 mmol / L. Kenako, ketoacidosis, acetone imatha kuwonekeramo, pomwe mayeso owonjezera a mkodzo adayikidwa.
6. BMI ndi chisonyezo cha kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Imatsimikizika nthawi 1, imawerengeredwa pokhapokha kulemera kwa thupi kumasintha.
7. HELL - chisonyezo chosalunjika cha malo amitsempha yamagazi.

• Makhalidwe ndi magawo a chiphuphu cha shuga
• Kodi shuga wowongoleredwa ndi chiyani?
• Matenda A shuga Olipidwa
• Matenda opatsa shuga
• Zimayambitsa Kubwezera Matenda A shuga
• Zotsatira za matendawa
• Zizindikiro
• Kupewa kwa Mavuto

Kusungunuka kwa matenda a shuga ndi vuto lomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikunakhale kosasintha kapena kosasinthika mokwanira ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zake, kuwonongeka koopsa kwamankhwala ndi ziwonetsero za odwala matenda ashuga kumapangidwa, chifukwa chake amafunikira chisamaliro chamankhwala ngakhale kukonzanso maphunziro okonzanso.

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino zomwe zili - shuga wowola, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa magawo a momwe zinthu zilili, zomwe zikuchitika.

Kodi ndizomwe zimapangidwira shuga

Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti matenda ashuga ndi kubwezeretsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali shuga. Ngati matenda amtundu wa matenda a 1 apezeka, insulin yowonjezera siyingagawidwe nayo.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, sikofunikira jekeseni wa insulin, bola ngati zakudya zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ovomerezeka. Mndandanda wazinthu zovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwa zakudya nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa payekha ndi adokotala. Makhalidwe a wodwala komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zake zimawerengedwa.

Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda ashuga, mfundo zoyambira pazakudya sizisintha:

• Kusiyanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi zinthu zophika mkate kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu woyamba, maswiti, mchere, zakudya zonunkhira komanso mafuta,
• Chakudyacho chimayenera kulandira chithandizo chofatsa - kuphika, kutsitsa, kutsitsa, kuwotcha, nthawi zambiri, kuphika pa grill kapena uvuni. Muyenera kutaya yokazinga m'mafuta ndi m'mbale,
• Zakudya zoyenera pazofunikira "zabwino zambiri, koma pang'ono ndi pang'ono,"
• Kukana kwathunthu mafuta onse osweka mosavuta - makamaka shuga,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere pang'ono - salinso magalamu 12 omwe amaloledwa patsiku,
• Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zimawerengeredwa mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati zochulukirapo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira yodwala matenda ashuga sikungogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kwa zakudya zovomerezeka. Mndandanda wa zochitika zofunika umaphatikizaponso:

1. Onani pafupipafupi magazi anu ndi mkodzo wanu.
2. Kukhazikika kwamaganizidwe am'maganizo - kupsinjika mu matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse ndizowopsa.
3. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizovomerezeka.

Masewera olimbikira, komanso kusachita mokwanira, zimangovulaza ndi matenda awa.Zoyenera, muziyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, kuthamanga pang'ono m'mawa, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizolandilidwa nthawi zonse.

Nthawi zina mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri sulephera kubwezeredwa ngakhale zakudya zitatsatiridwa ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikokwanira. Ndiye palibenso chinthu china koma kuyambitsa insulin. Umboni wotsimikizira kuti matendawo alipidwa bwino ndi izi:

• "Njala" hypoglycemia m'mawa - kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 5.5 Mmol / l,
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi - osatsika kuposa 14090,
• Cholesterol - osapitirira 5.2 mmol / l,
• Glycated hemoglobin - kuyambira 6 mpaka 6.5%,
• Kuzunzidwa kwa shuga m'masiku awiri mutatha kudya - kuchokera pa 7.5 mpaka 8 mmol / l,
• Glycemia asanagone - kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 7.0 mmol / L.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa, kuchuluka kwamalipiro kumatsimikizidwanso.

Makhalidwe ndi magawo a chiphuphu cha shuga

Akatswiri amadziwa magawo atatu a kubwezeretsedwa kwa matenda: kulipidwa, kulipidwa ndi kulipidwa. Ndi ofanana kwa onse mwana ndi wamkulu.

Njira zowalipiririra anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimatsimikiziridwa kutengera momwe shuga ya magazi alili komanso zovuta zotsatana kapena zovuta zina. Njira yovuta kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga osawerengeka.

Kuyankhula za zomwe muli nazo, samalani zazikuluzikulu ndi zowonjezera:

• kupezeka kwa glycated hemoglobin,
• shuga wambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi mphindi 90-120 mutatha kudya,
• shuga wambiri wa mkodzo
• Mwa zina zowonjezera, malo osiyana amapatsidwa zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, gawo la kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga limagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zina monga chiyezo cha cholesterol to triglycerides, komanso chiwonetsero chokwanira cha thupi. Monga tanena kale, kulipiritsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumatsimikiziridwa pamaziko amodzimodzi.

Kodi shuga wowongoleredwa ndi chiyani?

Ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zambiri umakulanso. Monga tanena kale, izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa mankhwala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala. Matenda a shuga osagwiritsidwa ntchito pakokha amatanthauza mawonekedwe a zoopsa. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuchepa mwadzidzidzi kulemera kwa thupi kapena, mwachitsanzo, kutopa msanga.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu losatha, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe omwe asokonezeka amtundu wa ashuga a shuga amawonetseratu zotsatira zake kuposa mtundu wachiwiri.

Zolinga zakulipiritsa kubwezeretsa

Malangizo azakudya amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngati chithandizo choyenera cha mankhwalawa sichikupezeka, kuwongolera zakudya zosayenera kumawonedwa.

Ndizoyenera kuganizira kuti zochitika zodetsa nkhawa zimakhudza njira za metabolic, zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kutayika kwa madzimadzi chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofananira.

Chifukwa chake, maziko othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 ndiwo zakudya. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kukula kwa vuto lowopsa - gawo lowonongeka. Glycemia wotalikirapo ungayambitse zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala ndi kufa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, zofala kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa zokhudzana ndi munthu, zimawerengetsa mpaka 80% ya milandu, awa ndi:

• Muzidya kwambiri kapena kudya zakudya zoletsedwa. Njala yokhazikika, kufunafuna anthu odwala matenda ashuga, imafunikira kukhudzika ndi kulimba kuti ikhalebe momwemo.Ndipo ambiri amadzinyengerera kuti supuni ya shuga, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka keke kapena bun sangathe kuvulaza kwambiri.
• Kusasamala malingaliro a madokotala. Masiku ano pali anthu ambiri masiku ano, omwe amaphunzira masamba pa intaneti nthawi zonse, akukhulupirira kuti aphunzira matendawa mosamala, ndipo amasiya kuchepetsa kumwa mankhwala mosamala kapenaakana kumwa.
• Kuchiritsa ndi ochiritsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapakhomo. Zochita zodziwika bwino zamankhwala ena, ndipo koposa zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito osaphunzira kumabweretsa kukula koopsa. Kunyalanyaza upangiri wa katswiri wovomerezeka, odwala amatenga upangiri wa ochiritsira odziwa komanso osadziwa komanso agogo odziwa-onse, omwe nthawi zambiri amamaliza ndikusintha kwa matendawa kukhala mtundu womwe watsimikizika wa matenda ashuga, komanso kuthekera kwathunthu kubwezeretsa bwino lomwe.
• Kukana kwapadera kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a insulin. Mtundu wina wa kuletsa kwaumunthu komwe madokotala akuyenera kuthana nawo. Poganiza kuti ndizotheka kubwezeretsa boma lakale mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chokhwima, odwala omwe safuna kusinthana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe mfundo zotsutsana ndi endocrinologist zomwe zimayang'aniridwa mpaka mkhalidwe utatha mosamalidwa kwambiri.
• Kusafuna kugawana ndi zizolowezi zoipa. Poyamba pali chikondi cha zonunkhira zotentha, zotsatiridwa ndi uchidakwa, komanso pang'ono fodya. Zakudya zokometsera zimapangitsa kuti zikondamoyo zizibwezera, kubwezeretsa michere yofunika. Mtundu wotere umakhala wovuta kupirira ngakhale ndi chiwalo chathanzi. Ndipo ngati matendawa ali ndi matenda, ndiye kuti zotsalira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri mpaka matenda atatha.

20% yotsala yazomwe zimayambitsa ndizosowa kwenikweni, izi ndi:

• Mankhwala olakwika a dokotala kapena cholakwika Mlingo,
• Kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo kwakatundu kapena kupsinjika pafupipafupi,
• Matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kugawika kwa digiri ya chiphaso

chachikulu choyambitsa matenda ashuga

- kuchepa kwa wachibale kapena mtheradi. Onani zomwe angasankhe matenda ashuga. Timapereka gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi World Health Organisation, omwe adalandiridwa mu 1999.

Kulipira shuga

Ngati ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chotheka chitha kupeza chindapusa chokhazikika, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chokhala ndi zovuta zoyambira ndi zosachedwa za shuga zimachepa kwambiri.

Odwala ayenera kukumbukira kuti kufa kwa ma β-cell a islets a Langerhans kapena kuphwanya mgwirizano wa hypothalamic-pituitary kumabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamitundu yonse ya kagayidwe, mafuta owonongeka, mchere, mapuloteni, mchere wamchere, komanso, chakudya cha metabolism.

Kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwamankhwala kosalekeza, komwe kumayambitsa vuto la hyper- kapena hypoglycemia, lomwe pamapeto pake limatha.

Tsoka ilo, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sazindikira kuopsa kwa vuto lawo, ndipo samatsatira njira yochizira ndi zakudya. Ndipo kuphwanya mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi moyo womwewo kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wophatikizika.

Mkhalidwe wovunda ndizofunikira, chifukwa zimayambitsa chisokonezo chamkati ndi ziwalo zambiri.

Matenda a shuga

Kusungunuka kwa matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe vuto lalikulu limayamba msanga, ndipo shuga satsika, ngakhale atayambitsidwa mankhwala.

Umboni wa momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi magawo a chipukutiro pansi pabwino, kukomoka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kamayimitsidwa. Ngati matenda amtundu wa matenda a 1 apezeka, kulipidwa kumapereka mwayi wopewa zovuta zowonongeka.

Kulephera kwa ziwalo zophatikizidwa mu genitourinary system ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy kumapeweka. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, chiphuphu chimapangitsa kukayikira pakukhazikika kwa kulowerera kwa minofu ya mtima.

Kubwezera zabwino kumathandiza kuti muchepetse kapena kuletsa kwathunthu kukula kwa mavuto a metabolic.

Shuga wophatikizidwa wamitundu iliyonse amasiya mwayi wopanga matenda amtima. Matenda a shuga ophatikizika nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia.

M'dongosolo lino, shuga msanga ali pamlingo wotalikilapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Mafuta ophatikizika amayamba kusokoneza kayendetsedwe kazinthu, motero zimapangitsa matenda a impso ndi maso.

Magawo a shuga

Kudziwa chomwe shuga yopanda shuga ili, muyenera kukambirana za magawo omwe kubwezeretsedwako kuli. Magawo a shuga omwe amalipidwa akuwonetsa momwe amachitidwira achire zotsatira za chithandizo.

Ngati nkotheka kukwaniritsa gawo labwino la chipukuta misozi, momwe zinthu zimapangidwira monga metabolic syndrome sizimayang'aniridwa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba sangawope kukula kwa matenda a impso ndi ziwalo za malingaliro.

Potengera maziko awa, ngati kunali kotheka kubwezeredwa, ndiye kuti mtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda osokoneza bongo amachitika popanda zovuta, mavuto amtundu wamtima amatha kuthetseratu.

Pamene kubwezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga kudachitika theka lokha, ndiye kuti, wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ochulukirapo, chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi mtima sichidalipobe.

Pankhaniyi, shuga wambiri amatsogolera pamavuto ena.

Popita nthawi, mitsempha yamagazi ing'onoing'ono komanso ma capillaries amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amawonongeka, kulephera kwa impso kumawonedwa.

Kuchita zotulukapo kumachitika mwa kupatsa wodwalayo chithandizo chokwanira, pomwe wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zotsatira za chithandizo ndikutsatira mosamalitsa madokotala.

Kubwezera matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kuli kovuta kwambiri kuposa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, chifukwa cha chotupa chachikulu cha pancreatic ndi kufunika kokhazikika kwa insulin kuchokera kunja.

Zikachitika, chiopsezo chotukuka mitsempha kapena mitsempha imachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa moyo wa wodwalayo kumachulukirachulukira, kufikira anthu wamba.

Pali magawo angapo a kubwezera kwa matenda. Kugawikaku kumakhazikitsidwa pazisonyezo za glycemia, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, acetone mu mkodzo, komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose mmenemo. Gawo lachiwiri la matenda a shuga (nawonso amatanthauza mtundu woyamba wa matenda):

• kubwezera
• kulipira
• kubwezera.

Kulipiritsa kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kumatanthauza kuti glycemia wabwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kusowa kwa shuga kapena acetone mkodzo. Kulipira matendawa ndi kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pa magawo awiriwo, ndiye kuti, kuwongolera matendawa sikunachitike, komanso palibe chiwopsezo ku thanzi la wodwalayo.

Pachimake, shuga wothandizidwira sakhala wowopsa kwa wodwalayo (pafupifupi 80% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga samakwanitsa kulipidwa mokhazikika ndikukhala ndi matenda opatsirana), koma kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa, chifukwa amatha kuwonongedwa nthawi iliyonse.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizika amathandizira kwambiri kuyambika kwa hyperglycemic kapena ketoacidotic coma, komanso njira zomwe zimathandizira kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwiya zazing'ono zimayambitsa, ndiko kuti, mabelu oyamba a mavuto a mtima amvekedwa.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukwaniritsa chipukuta misozi kumadalira wodwala, adokotala amangopangira zochizira matenda amisempha ndipo akuwayambitsa.

Kuti mudziwe momwe gawo lakulipirira matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, kulimbikira kwa metabolidi ya lipid ndikofunikira kwambiri. Talingalirani kudalira kwamalipiro a mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga a 2 omwe amayambira kuchuluka kwa milomo yamwazi.

Kuti mupeze kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu chokwanira kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kulabadira mtundu wa glycated hemoglobin ndi fructosamine, yomwe ili m'thupi la munthu. Panthawi yochizira matendawa, chidwi chimakopeka makamaka pamlingo womwe wodwalayo ali nawo.

Ngati wodwala wakwanitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mtundu wa metabolic mtunduwo umakula pang'onopang'ono. Potere, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, maonekedwe a ziwonetserozo sangasokonezedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulephera kwa impso sikungakhale mu mawonekedwe osatha. Ngati wodwala anali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, ndiye kuti fomu yolipirira yomwe yakwaniritsidwa imayambitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana, owopsa kwambiri omwe ndi myocardial infarction.

Ngati matenda a shuga sakulipiridwa, wodwala amatha kudwala matenda a hyperglycemia. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga wambiri amadziunjikira m'magazi. Izi zimadzetsa kuti glucose amakumana ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayenda mozungulira ndimagazi ndikuyamba kudziphatika.

Ntchito zoterezi zimakhudza impso (chifukwa zimapopa magazi ambiri patsiku) ndi maso. Mafuta akayamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi glycated hemoglobin.

Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha momwe glucose amafikira ku mamolekyu a hemoglobin omwe amapezeka m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Hemoglobin yamtunduwu imatsogolera ku hyperglycemia kwa miyezi 4.

Nthawi imeneyi amafotokozeredwa ndikuti chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira amwazi omwe amakhala ndi zochuluka kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, ngati khungu lifika kumapeto kwa moyo wake, ndipo hemoglobin yake imakhalabe yosakanikirana, ndiye kuti m'miyezi 4 yotsatira padzakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Izi zimathandiza madokotala kudziwa kukula kwa matenda omwe wodwala ali nawo. Kutengera izi, njira yothandizira matendawa imapangidwa.

Pofuna kudziwa gawo la hemoglobin wa glycated m'magazi, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Wodwala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya immunochemical kapena ion-exchange chromatography. Mu ion-exchange chromatography, hemoglobin yomwe ili mu mawonekedwe a glycolized ndi 4.5-7,5% ya hemoglobin yonse.

Chizindikiro ichi ndichofanana kwa munthu wathanzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira ya immunochemical, chizindikirocho chikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 4.5-5.7 peresenti ya hemoglobin yonse m'magazi a munthu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Wodwala atawerengera shuga, chizindikirochi chimatha kusintha pakati pa 6 ndi 9 peresenti.

Cholinga chachikulu chothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndikuchepetsa mphamvu za glucose.

Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusintha kwa maboma amasana. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kutsatira zonse izi kumadalira.

Ndi malipiro a shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira:

• Amatsatira kwambiri chithandizo chamankhwala. Zinthu zophika ndi mafuta, mafuta, mafuta osenda komanso mchere wambiri, maswiti, omwe amawonongeka msanga kwa zakudya sizikuphatikizidwa ndi chakudya. Muyenera kudya makamaka yophika, yokometsedwa, chakudya chophika, masamba ndi zinthu zina za lactic acid. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti muzichita zolimbitsa thupi,
• Masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse okhala ndi katundu wokwanira thupi,
• Pewani zinthu zomvetsa chisoni
• Gona mokwanira. Kupuma usiku kuyenera kukhala osachepera maola 7, masana pakati pa ntchito muyenera kupuma pang'ono kuti mupumule.

Kusintha kwachilengedwe komwe kumachitika mu gawo logawa chakudya cha shuga sikungalipiridwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Adotolo amulembera wodwala, mtundu wa mankhwalawo ndi mlingo wake munthawi iliyonse amasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Osati kokha kuchuluka kwa thanzi, komanso kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa matendawa kuti awonongeke zimatengera momwe mankhwalawo amayenera kuthandizidwira moyenera.

Mu gawo lowumbidwira, ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala abwino kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo ena onse a dokotala, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Ndiye kuti, odwala omwe ali ndi chiphuphu nthawi zonse amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga nthawi zovuta pomwe zotsatira zakupha zitha.

Mu shuga mellitus wa mtundu wachiwiri, mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zoyeserera popanda mankhwala suwululidwa. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa nthawi ngati kuwonongeka kuli bwino komanso mtsogolo kuti mukwaniritse malingaliro onse omwe aperekedwa ndi endocrinologist.

Ndi cholowa cham'tsogolo, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga chimachepetsa ngati mutakhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kutsatira machitidwe othandizira kudya, ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana komanso osakhazikika panthawi.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amapezeka kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa odwala kwakhala kukuwonjezereka, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, chifukwa cha kupsinjika ndi kuchepa kwa thupi. Mwa kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa kukopa kwa zinthuzi pa thupi lanu, simungapewe matenda a shuga okha, komanso ma pathologies ena ambiri.

Pali magawo atatu a kubwezeretsa matenda: kulipidwa, kulipidwa, kulipidwa.

Pokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga, palibe kusintha kwakukulu pakubwera wodwala. Pankhaniyi, shuga m'magazi amabwerera mwakale, wodwalayo amakhala wokwanitsidwa, zovuta zake zimachepetsedwa mpaka zero.

Gawo lolandililidwa ndi kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pa chinthu chomwe chili pafupi ndi zabwinobwino komanso kutsatana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa matenda. Pakutero, shuga omwe ali m'magazi amangokhala pang'ono kuposa momwe amapitilira (osapitirira 13.9 mm / l).

Pokhala ndi shuga wambiri, mulibe acetone mkodzo, ndipo kuchepa kwa shuga mukamakodza sikudutsa 50. Pakadali pano, zovuta zimatha kuchitika, koma kukula kwake kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuposa matenda ashuga owonongeka.

Gawo lowumbirali ndi vuto lapadera kwa akatswiri, popeza momwe wodwalayo alili ndi magawo a labotale zovuta kuzikonza.

Ngakhale ndi njira zochizira kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga pamagazi nthawi zonse kumachulukitsidwa (kupitirira 13.9 mm / l), kutulutsa kwa mkodzo kumaposa 50. Nthawi yomweyo, acetone imapezekanso mkodzo.

Zizindikiro zotere ndizowopsa osati thanzi, komanso moyo wa munthu, chifukwa zimatha kudwala matenda ashuga, omwe pambuyo pake amatha kufa. Monga lamulo, gawo lowumbirali limachitika pamene matendawa ali osasamalidwa.

Shuga mellitus (DM) agawidwa m'magawo atatu a chindapusa:

• Gawo la malipiro. Gawo losavuta la matenda, momwe amakhalira moyo. Makhalidwe onse a kagayidwe kachakudya ali pafupi kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chabwinobwino.
• Gawo la zopereka. Imakhala ngati gawo lapakati, polemba momwe munthu alili. Tsopano zizindikiro zoyambirira zikuyamba kuwonekera, ndipo chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta chikulembedwanso.
• Gawo la kubwezera. Nthawi ya matendawa imakula, umboni umasokonekera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zingapo zovuta.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, omwe nthawi zambiri samatha. Odwala ena amatha kusintha matendawa kuti akhale athanzi - izi zimatchedwa kubwezerera kwa matenda omwe amapezeka m'mankhwala.

Kupeza zotulukapo zotere kumatheka kokha chifukwa cha zovuta kuchipatala ndikutsatira kwathunthu malangizo onse a dokotala. Kulipidwa kwabwino kwa mtundu woyamba kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 kumateteza pangozi zomwe zingachitike ndipo kumabweretsa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kufupi ndi pafupifupi anthu athanzi.

Kutengera magawo a chiphuphu, mitundu ingapo ya matendawa imasiyanitsidwa:

• Matenda A shuga Olipidwa
• Adawalipitsa,
• Zolipidwa.

Kubweza ndi gawo lapakati pakati pa magawo awiri oyamba. Matenda a shuga ophatikizika ndiwowopsa kwambiri - ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene chiopsezo chotenga zovuta zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa wodwala ndizambiri.

Nchiyani chomwe chikufunika kuchitidwa kuti mufike gawo la chindapusa? Chowonadi ndi chakuti chidziwitso chabwino cha matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse chimadalira wodwalayo yekha.

Dokotala amatha kupangana ndikuthandizani - koma ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena 2 yekha. Mutha kuwunika momwe mankhwalawa alili opindulitsa poyeza zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Magazi a shuga.
2. Kukhalapo kwa acetone mu mkodzo.
3. Mafuta amkodzo

Ngati zotsatira zake sizili bwino, zosintha ziyenera kuthandizidwa pakudya ndi mankhwalawa a insulin.

Njira Zowerengera Ndalama

Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa nthawi zonse kuti mumvetsetse momwe njira zamankhwala zosankhidwira zimathandizira. Upangiri wotsogola mulingo wa chiphuphu ndi izi:

• mkodzo acetone
• shuga mkodzo ndi magazi,
• glycated hemoglobin,
• mbiri ya lipid
• fructosamine.

Ena mwa iwo ndi ofunika kuwaganizira mwatsatanetsatane.

Glycated Hemoglobin

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimachitika ndikuphwanya mobwerezabwereza boma: zakudya, kuwongolera chakudya chamthupi, nkhawa zilizonse - zokhudzidwa kapena thupi. Kulipiritsa kwa matenda ashuga kumathanso kukhala ndi vuto lochepa kapena losakwanira kuPSSP.

Kuwonetsera ndikothekanso motsutsana ndi maziko a ma pathologies owonjezera omwe asintha kagayidwe m'thupi. Mlingo wolipirira anthu odwala matenda a shuga umachepa ndikuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro zonse (kupatula HDL), mkhalidwe wambiri umakulanso.

Glycemia amasintha nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, ngati njirayi idaphwanyidwa kamodzi kwakanthawi, ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndipo magawo ena amakhala abwinobwino popanda kuwongolera.

Zambiri za shuga zopindulitsa mwa ana

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana kumachitika chifukwa cha moyo wosayenera, womwe umabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoipa nthawi zonse, mwana amakhala ndi vuto lomwe silimadziwonetsa lokha.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana amalembedwa kochepera kwambiri kuposa kwachiwiri. Mtundu wachiwopsezo wa shuga wachiwiri amadziwika nthawi yoyesedwa kusukulu, pambuyo pake muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikupita mndandanda wonse wa mayeso.

Zizindikiro Za Matenda A shuga

Chifukwa chake, timaganizira mawonetsedwe omwewo amitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga:

• polydipsia (ludzu lalikulu)
• polyuria (kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopanda tanthauzo)
• kuwonda
• Khungu
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe

Kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuyenera kumuchenjeza munthuyo. Ngati matendawa atapezeka, ndikofunikira kuwunika matenda ashuga.

Chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu omwe alibe vuto la metabolism. Kutalika kwa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi zaka 7-10.

Pafupifupi, 1-6% ya anthu amadwala matenda a shuga, omwe 10-20% ndiwo mtundu 1 wa shuga ndipo 80-90% ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Nthawi yomweyo, azimayi amadwala kwambiri kuposa amuna, ndipo chiopsezo chokhala ndi vutoli chimakulanso ndi zaka.

Makhalidwe oyerekeza a shuga mellitus mtundu 1 ndi 2.

Chifukwa chakuti mtundu 1 komanso mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu, timawona kuti ndizomveka kuyerekeza zizindikiro zamatenda a mitundu iwiri iyi ya matenda ashuga. Ndiye taganizirani

mawonekedwe ofananizira azizindikiro zamatenda a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga

Monga tikuonera patebulo, mtundu 1 wa shuga umayambitsidwa

kufooka kwathunthu kwa insulin

, ndiye kuti, zomwe zili m'magazi zimachepetsedwa kapena palibe. Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, m'malo mwake,

kuperewera kwa insulin

, chifukwa kuchuluka kwamahomoni awa m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino kapenanso kukweza. Komabe, insulin, yomwe ilipo m'magazi mokwanira, sikukwaniritsa ntchito zake. Chodabwitsachi chimatchedwa

, i.e. insulin.

Kuphatikiza shuga ndi matenda a metabolic. Kodi metabolic syndrome imaphatikizapo chiyani komanso chifukwa chake ikukula?

Ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga, otchedwa

metabolic syndrome "alt =" ">

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi. Glucose imawononga makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, ma cell am'magazi, ma protein a magazi, ndi zina zambiri. Zotsatira zake, izi zonse zokhudzana ndi thupi komanso zinthu zina zogwira ntchito pazamoyo sizingachite ntchito zawo mwachizolowezi, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga mitundu yambiri ya ma pathologies.

Kuchulukitsa kwa kusintha kwamtunduwu kumatchedwanso metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome imaphatikizapo ma pathologies otsatirawa - ochepa matenda oopsa (matenda oopsa).

kuyanʻanila za kuchuluka kwa magazi mapuloteni ndi mapuloteni (dysproteinemia), komanso

Pamaso pa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuphatikizika kwa metabolic m'zaka 5 zoyambirira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, pambuyo pa zaka 10 mpaka 10, monga ulamuliro, kulephera kwa aimpso kumayamba.Ndi nthawi ya mtundu 1 wa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa zaka zopitilira 20, matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima (zilonda zam'mimba, gangrene, ndi zina zambiri) amakula.

d.). Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, matenda amtima (CHD) amawonekera mu 50% ya odwala, akumenyedwa ndi 15%, komanso kulephera kwa aimpso mu 8% ya odwala.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo chabwino cha matenda ashuga ndikuphunzitsa wodwalayo momwe angathanirane ndi vuto lake komanso kuchita zinthu moyenera panthawi ya insulin kapena shuga.

Komanso, odwala ayenera kudziwa bwino momwe alumikizidwe, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi magawo otsatirawa:

• Glycolized hemoglobin kapena kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wophatikizana ndi shuga. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirochi sichiyenera kupitirira 6.5%, ndikamawonjezeka pakuwola, mulingo umakwera pamwamba pa 7.5%.
• Mwazi shuga musanadye komanso pambuyo maola 2,5. Zizindikiro siziyenera kupitirira 6.2 mmol / lita ndi 8.1 mmol / lita.
• Kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo. Ndikulipidwa kwabwinobwino, palibe shuga.
• Mlingo wa matupi a ketone sayenera kupitirira 0,43 mmol / lita.
• Miyezo ya cholesterol sayenera kupitirira 6.5 mmol / lita.
• Kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'mwazi, osaposa 2.2 mmol / lita.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi zimatha kukhala zizindikilo za kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira komanso tonometer. Kuchuluka kwa thupi kumawerengedwa ndi formula - kg / (m) 2. Mwa amuna, chizindikiro chokwanira kupitilira 25 chimaloledwa, mwa akazi 24. Kuthamanga kwa magazi sikupitilira 150/90.

Zachidziwikire, m'moyo weniweni ndizosatheka kuyang'anira mayendedwe onse a magazi ndi mkodzo. Wodwala ayenera kuphunzira momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito glucometer, ndikuwonetsetsa kuwerenga kwa shuga mumagazi nthawi zonse.

Ngati matendawa akuipiraipira, kufooka kwodziwika, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, ludzu lalikulu, ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga zimawonekera. Ndipo manambala akuwonetsa kwa glucometer ndi tonometer akuyandikira zovuta, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kubwezera kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa zovuta, ndipo nthawi zina zosasinthika.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuti mudziwe gawo la matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyeza zingapo zamankhwala ndi zomwe wodwala ali nazo. Mu gawo la chipukuta misozi, zotsatira zoyeserera ndi thanzi la wodwalayo zili pafupi kwambiri.

Kuti mudziwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazomwe matendawa amafunikira, kuwunika kwa izi kukuchitika:

Phunziro lothandiza kwambiri ndikuwunika kwa glycated hemoglobin. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndizotheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi 3 yapitayi. Mwa anthu athanzi, izi ndi 4.5-7,5% ya hemoglobin yonse.

Kudziwitsa magazi ndende

Kodi matenda ashuga angapezeke bwanji? Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimadziwikitsa moyenera matendawa? Tiyeni tisunthiretu ku njira zodziwira matenda ashuga. Chofunika kwambiri ndikulondola pakati pa njira za matenda ashuga ndiko kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (

) Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana (GTT) kumachitidwanso.

Kudziwitsa za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo panjala kwa maola 8-10. Musanayambe kuyesa, simuyenera kumwa tiyi kapena zakumwa zina zotsekemera. Mwazi umatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena kuchokera ku chala.

Mayeso a kulolera kwa glucose - zimachitika bwanji? Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Kuyeserera kwa glucose kumachitika ngati malingaliro okayika a glycemia amveketse bwino matendawa. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndikutsimikiza kusala ndende yamagazi ndi maora awiri mutatsitsa shuga.

Chiyeso chololera glucose sichichita ngati magazi othamanga a glucose apamwamba kuposa 6.1 mmol / L. Kuchuluka kwa glucose kwa ana ndi akulu ndizosiyana.

Kwa akuluakulu, 75 g ya shuga imasungunuka mu 300 ml ya madzi, ndipo yankho lake limamwa kwa mphindi 3-5. Kwa ana, shuga okwanira 1.75 g pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa mwanayo (koma osapitirira 75 g) amasungunuka mu 300 ml ya madzi.

Njira yothetsera vutoli imafunanso kuledzera kwa mphindi 3-5. Mukamayesa mayeso okhudzika ndi shuga, zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika:

1. magazi othamanga amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha ndipo magazi amatsimikizika
2. perekani njira yothetsera shuga
3. Pakatha maola awiri atamwa njira ya shuga, magazi amawachotsanso kuchokera ku chala kapena m'mitsempha ndipo m'magazi mumatseguka magazi

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi patatha maola awiri kuchokera pakubweza kwa glucose kumakhala kosakwana 7.8 mmol / L.

Pomwe kuyesa kwa glucose kumachitika

Kufufuza kwa glycemia sikuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda omwe ali pachimake, myocardial infarction, zoopsa kapena opaleshoni yolowerera, komanso cirrhosis. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi sikumatsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi maziko ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwakanthawi omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mankhwalawa amaphatikiza ndi glucocorticoids, mahomoni a chithokomiro, blockers adrenergic.

Mitsempha yamafungo am'mimba ophatikizika imaphatikizira kusungunuka kwa glucose, kulekerera kwa glucose, komanso shuga.

Kugawika kwa mavuto a kagayidwe kazakudya malinga ndi zizindikiro za kusala kwa glucose komanso mayeso a kulolera kwa glucose

Komanso, malinga ndi mfundo za ndende ya magazi m'magazi ndi mayesedwe a glucose kuloza kuchuluka kwa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazinthu. Mpaka pano, magawo atatu a carbohydrate metabolism amadziwika:

• glucose wosokonezeka (IHN)
• kulolerana kwa shuga m'thupi (NTG)
• shuga mellitus (shuga)

Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga samakula nthawi yomweyo, koma amapita m'magawo angapo. Pamagawo awa - kusala kudya kwa glucose komanso kusungunuka kwa glucose, mutha kuyimitsa kukula kwa matenda oopsa.

Ngati matenda a shuga adayamba kale, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pochiza matenda awa. Chifukwa chake, tiona momwe magawo azisokonezo a carbohydrate metabolism amasiyanikirana.

Kugawika kwa milingo yodwala kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamayambira kusala kudya kwa mtima wamagazi ndikuyesa mayeso a glucose (kuchuluka kwa shuga patatha maola awiri mutatulutsa shuga).

Kodi kusala kudya kwa glucose komwe kumadziwika ndi chiyani (ndizowerengera zam'magazi a shuga ndi mayeso obvumizira glucose)?

Chifukwa chake, shuga wambiri wosala pang'ono amavumbulutsa kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa magazi. Komabe, insulin ikadali ndi ntchito yokwanira kuthana ndi shuga ndikupanganso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi patatha maola awiri mutatha shuga.

Kodi kulekerera kwa glucose komwe kumadziwika ndi chiyani (ndizowerengera zamtundu wa glucose ndi mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga)?

Mlingo wotsatira komanso woopsa wazakudya zopatsa mphamvu za m'mimba zimachepetsa shuga. Ndi matenda awa, kuthamanga kwa glucose kumatha kukhala kwabwinobwino kapena kuwonjezeka pang'ono - mpaka 7.0 mmol / L.

Komabe, maora awiri mutatha kulongedza shuga, ndende ya magazi imakulitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti insulini m'magazi sigwirizana ndi shuga amene analandila.

Ndiye kuti, insulini singagwire ntchito yake mwachizolowezi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosunga nthawi yayitali. Kugwiritsa ntchito "insulin" kochepa kwambiri kumatha kukhala chifukwa chosakwanira m'magazi kapena kutsutsana ndi insulini yokhala ndi mahomoni okwanira.

Kodi matenda a shuga amadziwika bwanji (ndizotsalira za kuyeserera kwa glucose ndi glucose)? Pomaliza, kufooketsa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamatha kufika pamlingo wotsiriza kwambiri - matenda ashuga. Matenda a shuga ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, komwe kusala kudya glucose komanso shuga kumachepa.

Kusamala kwa glucose kosaposa kupitirira 7.0 mmol / L, ndipo ndende ya magazi ndende maola awiri pambuyo poti kuthana ndi shuga kuposa 11 mmol / L.

Matenda a prediabetes - kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies kuma β-cell a kapamba. Kodi matenda a prediabetes angathe kupezeka liti?

Njira yayikulu yodziwira matenda ashuga itha kutchedwa mayeso a labotale a shuga. Monga lamulo, maphunziro oterewa amaphatikizidwa akamadutsa mabungwe azachipatala.

Komanso, maphunziro ngati awa atha kuchitika kunyumba. Mankhwala ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya mayeso kapena zida zamagetsi zoyezera shuga.

Pozindikira za labotale, zofunikira zazikulu ndi izi:

• Mwazi wamagazi
• Shuga wa mkodzo
• Mimbulu acetone
• Kupezeka kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.

Mwazi wamagazi m'thupi labwinobwino sapitirira 3.3-5,5 mmol / L. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwewo amachepetsedwa pang'ono ndipo zolembedwa pafupifupi 8 mmol / l zimaloledwa. Mu gawo lolipiridwa, chizindikirocho chikhoza kukhala chabwinobwino kapena osapitirira 8 mmol / L.

Shuga mumkodzo amawonekera pambuyo pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose (zopitilira 14 mmol / l) ndikuwonetsa kukulira kwa njira ya pathological. Kusanthula kwabwino kumawonetsa gawo la matenda.

Maonekedwe a mkodzo wa acetone amachitika pambuyo pa ketoacidosis m'magazi. Ketoacidosis kapena kapangidwe ka matupi a ketone kumachitika pamene njira yogawa mafuta ndi mapangidwe a matupi a ketone ikayambitsidwa.

Ndi ketoacidosis, kuyabwa kwa khungu ndi fungo lochokera mkamwa. Kuchita koteroko kumadziwika ndi gawo la decomproll ndi shuga wambiri.

Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri yopezera matenda ndi kufufuza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi. Ichi ndi chiyani

Glycosylated hemoglobin imapangidwa mwa kuphatikiza hemoglobin ndi molekyu ya glucose. Pulogalamu yotereyi imakhala yosasintha ndipo imangokhala m'magazi moyo wonse wa hemoglobin (masiku 120 mpaka 125).

Chizindikiro ichi chimapangitsa kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa miyezi inayi ndikuwunikira mozama momwe kudumpha kwake kulili.

Chifukwa chake, pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane, kuti mupeze gawo la matendawa kapena kusintha chithandizo, magazi amatsogozedwa kuti adziwe glycosylated hemoglobin.

Chiyeso chololera cha glucose chimagwiritsidwa ntchito magawo oyamba a matendawa. Kutsutsa kwa glucose kumatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika pamlingo wa 75 g pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi.

Mlingo wa shuga umayezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pa ola lachiwiri mutatenga yankho. Ngati mulingo wa glucose sioposa 8.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti amayesa mayeso osalimbikitsa.

Miyezo ya 8, 1 mmol / L mpaka 11.2 mmol / L imawonetsa kulekerera kwa glucose. Chifukwa chake, kuyeseza kuloleza kumathandizira kuzindikira matendawa mu gawo loperewera la shuga.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo

Kuchiza moyenera matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anira shuga mumkodzo ndi magazi, komanso kuyang'ana phindu la mkodzo mumkodzo. Kuyeza kwa shuga kumachitika kangapo kasanu masana.

Poganizira kuti sizotheka nthawi zonse kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiye kuti miyeso iwiri imatengedwa ngati ndalama zochepa, zomwe zimachitika m'mawa ndi madzulo. Glucometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita njirayi kunyumba ..

Kusanthula kwa acetone kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapadera, polumikizana ndi mkodzo, amasintha mtundu.Mtundu ukadzaza, ndiye kuti zomwe zimapangidwazo ndi zapamwamba ndipo, mosiyana, ngati mzereyo ndi wotuwa, ndiye kuti zotsalazo ndizochepa. Mellitus wosapangidwira shuga amawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi acetone pazowunikira.

Kufotokozera kwazomwe zikuwunikira komanso kusanthula

Kuti mupeze shuga kunyumba, gwiritsani ntchito glucometer kapena zingwe zoyeserera. Amathandizira kuyang'anira zizindikiritso ziwiri nthawi imodzi: izi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso chizindikiro cha 1.5-2 mawola atatha kudya chakudya (postprandial glycemia).

Njira yoyamba ndiyofunika kuyang'ana tsiku lililonse m'mawa, nthawi yachiwiri 4-5 tsiku lonse. Njira zoterezi zimathandizira kukhazikika pamlingo wa glucose, komanso pakupatuka pang'ono - kukonza ndi chakudya kapena mankhwala.

Wodwala aliyense amasankha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ayenera kudya patsiku, koma mulimonse, ndikofunikira kuchita mankhwalawa katatu - m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya koyamba.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano a shuga, kapena zolakwika m'zakudya, ndikofunikira kuti muthidwe monga momwe mungathere.

Ndi muyezo Zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi, n`zotheka kudziwa shuga mu mkodzo osapitirira 1-2 pa mwezi. Koma ngati shuga ali pamwamba pa 12 mmol / L, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo nthawi yomweyo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi shuga yemwe amalipidwa shuga ayenera kusowa, ndipo ngati alipo, izi zikuwonetsa gawo la kulipidwa, kapena kuwonongeka.

Zikatero, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi ochepetsera shuga kapena insulini. Pakudzipenda nokha mkodzo, timizere ta mayeso apadera okhala ndi chizindikiro cha utoto timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu woyambira wa mzere woyerekezera umayerekezeredwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera amtundu (womwe umayikidwa pakuyika mayeso).

Ngati pali shuga mumkodzo, muyenera kuyezetsa kuti mupeze kupezeka kwa matupi a acetone (matupi a ketone). Zida zopimidwa mwapadera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito powunikira (mtundu wokhazikika umatanthawuza zambiri za acetone, njira zochepa zokhala zochepa). Kudzinyenga kotereku kumangotenga mphindi zochepa, koma zizindikiro zake zimakupatsani mwayi woti muyambe kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndikuletsa zovuta zambiri.

Mtundu wobwezeretsedwako wa shuga uli ndi njira yofatsa ya pathological process. Zosintha kuchokera ku ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe sizikupezeka. Shuga wamagazi amatha kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Nthawi zambiri matenda amtunduwu amapezeka m'mitundu yachiwiri ya anthu ashuga, chifukwa matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pozindikira koyambirira, ndizotheka kusintha kuchuluka kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya choyenera.

Njira yayikulu yakuchiritsira shuga

Kupewa kwa Mavuto

Pofuna kupewa kusinthika kwa shuga wambiri kuti awonongeke, ndikofunikira kuti adziyang'anira pawokha komanso kuti adziwe mayeso mwatsatanetsatane. Mitundu 2 yothandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amafunika kudya.

Kuzindikira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la glucose. Kulemba mwatsatanetsatane ndikofunikanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo. Zoterezi zimachitikanso kwa azimayi omwe abereka mwana wakufa kapena mwana wokhala ndi thupi lolemera.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kupenda impso mwadongosolo, kuwunika momwe zotengera zilili komanso kugwira ntchito yake pachifuwa. Kufunsidwa pafupipafupi ndi cardiologist, dermatologist, ndi mano ndikufunikanso. Izi zikuthandizani kupewa zovuta.

Kulipira matenda a shuga ndi chinthu chapakati pomwe thanzi la munthu limakhalabe lokwanira.

Kuti mupewe mavuto akulu komanso kukhazikika kwa gawo loyambira, ndikofunikira kuti mukamayesedwa mwadongosolo ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo azachipatala.

Poyerekeza ndi maziko osakwanira kubwezeretsa kapena osakhalapo, zovuta zonse zovuta komanso zovuta kapena zovuta za insulin zokwanira ndikuwonjezeka kwa shuga osanenedwa.

Zowopsa

Kuchita kwakuthupi kwa thupi kumawonetsedwa m'mikhalidwe yovuta yomwe imayamba patangopita maola ochepa kapena mphindi. Thandizo mwadzidzidzi pankhaniyi liyenera kukhala lachangu, apo ayi wodwalayo azikhala zovuta kupulumutsa.

Mavuto owopsa amatha pakanthawi kochepa, patangopita mphindi zochepa kapena maola. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti musatenge zotsatira zakupha: ichi ndi hypoglycemia - kuyambaku kumachitika mwachangu, wodwalayo akudandaula za kufooka kwakukulu ndikumverera kwanjala. Kulephera kuthandiza kumadzetsa kukomoka, ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira mungachotse wodwalayo ndi chakudya chochepa cha mafuta.

Hyperglycemia ndi mwadzidzidzi shuga m'magazi. Wodwalayo amamva kufooka, ludzu komanso njala. Kufunika kwa insulin mwachangu.

Matenda a matenda ashuga - ophatikizidwa ndi kusazindikira ndipo amafuna kuchipatala mwachangu pachipatala cholandiracho.

Mavuto osokonezeka monga: retino-, nephro-, neuro-, Cardio-, encephalo- ndi angiopathies.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwunika momwe thanzi limakhalira, wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kupita ku endocrinologist ndikupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Choyamba, ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi odwala omwe kulowererapo kwa glucose (chitetezo chokwanira) amakhala ndi vuto.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera, makolo omwe ali ndi mwana wakufa, kapena mwana wolemera kwambiri (makilogalamu 4). Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi kupindika kwa impso, ECG yamtima, kuyang'anira momwe zotengera zilili, ndikukhala ndi ma ray a pachifuwa.

Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwonedwa osati ndi endocrinologist, komanso akatswiri ena opanikizika - a mtima, dotolo wamano, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana, ndi dermatologist.

Malipiro Okhazikitsa

* M'magawo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zidziwitso za gululo zimatha kusintha pang'ono.

Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji bwino?

• siyani konse zakudya zokhala ndi shuga, zonunkhira, ufa (kupatula wholemeal), mafuta ndi zakudya zamchere zazakudya.
• Zakudya zophika ndizosafunika kwenikweni, ndikofunikira kudya makamaka yophika, yophika kapena yophika mikate,
• Idyani pafupipafupi komanso pang'ono,
• sungani ma calorie osatha ndikuwonongeka,
• dzipatseni katundu moyenera,
• pewani zovuta
• musayesetse kugwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, samalani kugona komanso kukhala maso.

Mwachiwonekere, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda a shuga, komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (omwe apezeka ndi kulolera kwa glucose kapena cholowa chowonjezereka), ayenera kuyang'anira pawokha thanzi lawo, kuyeserera pafupipafupi ndikuyang'ana ndi adokotala.

Kuphatikiza pa othandizira ndi endocrinologist, ndikofunikira kuyendera pafupipafupi maofesi a zamankhwala, zamankhwala ndi mano kuti muchepetse kapena kuzindikira panthawi yake kukula kwa zovuta zowopsa.

Kumbukirani kuti kuzindikira za matenda ashuga kwasiya kale kumveka ngati chiganizo. Zowonadi, amaletsa zoletsa zingapo pa wodwala, komabe, zonsezi ndizotheka.Potsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa, kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe odwala akukhalabe pamlingo wokwanira.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizidwa: ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ophatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa shuga womwe mulingo wamagazi m'magazi umakhala pafupi ndi wa munthu wathanzi.

Mwachizolowezi, izi zimachitika pambuyo pa njira zochizira, chifukwa chotsatira kudya komanso kusungabe zolimbitsa thupi zoyenera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amalankhula za kukhazikitsa msonkho.

Ndi KSD, chiwopsezo cha zovuta zimachepetsedwa, chifukwa chomwe chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wodwalayo chimakulitsidwa. Ndi chipepeso chabwino, ndizotheka kuchepetsa ziwonetsero za matendawa kukhala pafupifupi zero zero.

Makamaka ovuta kuchipatala, kutsatira kadyedwe ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikokwanira. Pankhaniyi, jakisoni wa insulin amalimbikitsidwa kuti akonze vutoli ndikuwasunga bwino kwambiri.

Pali magawo atatu a kubwezeretsa matenda: kulipidwa, kulipidwa, kulipidwa.

Pokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga, palibe kusintha kwakukulu pakubwera wodwala. Pankhaniyi, shuga m'magazi amabwerera mwakale, wodwalayo amakhala wokwanitsidwa, zovuta zake zimachepetsedwa mpaka zero.

Gawo lolandililidwa ndi kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pa chinthu chomwe chili pafupi ndi zabwinobwino komanso kutsatana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa matenda. Pakutero, shuga omwe ali m'magazi amangokhala pang'ono kuposa momwe amapitilira (osapitirira 13.9 mm / l).

Pokhala ndi shuga wambiri, mulibe acetone mkodzo, ndipo kuchepa kwa shuga mukamakodza sikudutsa 50. Pakadali pano, zovuta zimatha kuchitika, koma kukula kwake kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuposa matenda ashuga owonongeka.

Gawo lowumbirali ndi vuto lapadera kwa akatswiri, popeza momwe wodwalayo alili ndi magawo a labotale zovuta kuzikonza.

Ngakhale ndi njira zochizira kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga pamagazi nthawi zonse kumachulukitsidwa (kupitirira 13.9 mm / l), kutulutsa kwa mkodzo kumaposa 50. Nthawi yomweyo, acetone imapezekanso mkodzo.

Zizindikiro zotere ndizowopsa osati thanzi, komanso moyo wa munthu, chifukwa zimatha kudwala matenda ashuga, omwe pambuyo pake amatha kufa. Monga lamulo, gawo lowumbirali limachitika pamene matendawa ali osasamalidwa.

Zojambula pamakina

Wodwala akakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala ndikupereka mphamvu zake zonse kukhazikitsa chizindikirochi kuti akwaniritse chindapusa chachikulu. Zowonadi, ndi matenda a shuga, kupambana kwamankhwala 80% kumadalira wodwalayo, ndipo 20% yokha imagwera pamankhwala ndi kuthandizidwa ndi dokotala.

Kubwerera kuzizindikiro wamba sikungongole thanzi, komanso kupewa zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda akulu, kulumala, ngakhale kufa. Ndiye, ndi ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi zomwe muyenera kutsata kuti mulitse shuga?

Choyamba, muyenera kudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe muyenera kutsatira kutsatira:

• siyani zopaka zophika mkate ndi ufa wa tirigu,
• kukana zonunkhira, mchere, zakudya yokazinga, makeke ndi maswiti,
• Sankhani chakudya chophika ndi chakudya,
• zizolowerani magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso zakudya zazing'ono (mpaka katatu pa tsiku),
• lawani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta chakudya masana,
• osamadya mchere woposa 12 g pa tsiku,
• Musapitirire kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zoperekedwa patsiku.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa ndikuyenera kuyambitsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyenda mlengalenga mutatha kudya chakudya chamadzulo, kuyendetsa njinga, kusambira ndi zina zambiri zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kwa inu.

Kuphatikiza apo, wodwala, poyesera kuti apeze chindapusa, ayenera kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo chapadera.

Wodwala akafika pamlingo wolipirira, pambuyo pa mayeso a labotale, adzalandira zotsatirazi:

• shuga yosala kudya sudzapitirira mayunitsi 5.5,
• HELL - zosaposa 140/90,
• kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikupitilira magawo 5.2,
• glycated hemoglobin sioposa 6.5%,
• Maola 2 mutatha kudya, mulingo wamwazi sukudutsa mayunitsi 8.

Kutsatira kwa zomwe zapezeka pambuyo pa phunziroli ndi mfundo zomwe zalembedwazo ndi chizindikiro chabwino. M'tsogolomu, kuti tisunge zotsatira, ndikofunikira kupitilizabe kudya komanso kutsatira njira zolimbitsa thupi. Potere, zitheka kubwezeretsanso chipepeso ndi kupewa zonse zomwe zingakhale zovuta.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Njira zisanu zowalipirira matenda a mtundu woyamba 1:

Ngati zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zapezeka, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchitapo kanthu munthawi ndikulipirira. Kupanda kutero, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a hyperglycemia, omwe mwina simungathe kuwachotsa ngakhale zofunikira zonse za dokotala zimawonedwa.

Kukwaniritsa dziko lobwezeretsa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha matenda si ntchito yovuta. Komabe, mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa ndiwovuta popeza kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwonekera ndikuwonekeranso kwa zovuta zowonjezereka.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->

Fructosamine

Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chotsatira chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mulipiri waziphuphu kwa matenda amitundu iliyonse. Izi zimapangidwa ndi kumangiriza kwa mapuloteni a plasma ku glucose. Ngati plasma ndende ya fructosamine yachuluka, izi zikuwonetsa kuti masabata aposachedwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kwadutsa monga momwe zimakhalira.

Ndiye kuti, zomwe zikuwonetsa zomwe zili mu fructosamine zimathandiza osati kungoyesa molondola momwe wodwalayo aliri matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu 2, komanso kudziwa komwe kumayambira matendawa.

Ndende yokhazikika ya fructosamine m'magazi siopitilira 285 μmol / L. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amatha kuyamikiridwa - adapeza chiphuphu chabwino cha matendawa.

Ngati chizindikirocho chili chokwera, titha kulankhula za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga kapena matenda opatsika shuga. M'pofunika kukumbukira kuwonjezeka kwa myocardial infarction ndi zina za pathological system.

Lipidogram

Chizindikirochi sichofunikira kwambiri, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira mtundu wa chipepeso cha matendawa. Zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa lipids (mafuta) m'magawo osiyanasiyana a magazi. Popereka kusanthula, mawonekedwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zomwe adotolo adachita. Pa kusanthula, njira ya patometricometomet imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Magawo ndi mamililitale pa lita.

Kuti apange mtundu wamtunduwu, nyemba zamwazi zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Pamaso pa izi simungathe:

• Idyani kwa maola 12
• Kusuta
• Khalani ndi mantha komanso nkhawa.

Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, ndibwino kuchedwetsa kuwunikaku. Kuyeseraku kumathandizanso kudziwa monga cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, cohero ndi okwera, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri.

Ngati mfundo zovomerezeka zitha kupitirira, chiwopsezo cha matenda monga atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and dnessfunction ikuwonjezeka.

Shuga mkodzo ndi magazi

Kuwunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi magazi, komanso acetone mumkodzo, ndikofunikira kuti mankhwala azitha bwino. Mwazi wamagazi ungayesedwe kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera, muyenera kuchita izi osachepera 5 patsiku.

Ngati izi sizingatheke, muyenera kuyeza miyezo osachepera kawiri patsiku: mutadzuka m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, musanadye, komanso musanagone, mutadya chakudya chamadzulo.

Ngakhale kutakhala kotheka kukwaniritsa zopweteketsa za matenda a shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kupitilizabe kuyendera akatswiri monga a mtima, endocrinologist, mano, matenda opatsirana pakufufuza pafupipafupi.

Malipiro a matendawa

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi shuga wambiri amakhala ndi shuga wamagazi pafupi ndi masiku onse. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mutatsata zakudya, njira ya matenda ashuga komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosamala. Chakudya cha wodwala aliyense chimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, poganizira zolimbitsa thupi ndi ntchito. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuphimba ndalama zowonjezera mphamvu. Ndikofunikira kudya pang'ono - nthawi 5-6 patsiku, kudya gawo laling'ono nthawi imodzi. Shuga ndi chakudya chamafuta amachotsedwa kwathunthu.

Nthawi zina njirazi sizokwanira kukhathamiritsa shuga. Kenako, kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa glycemia, insulin imaperekedwa kwa wodwala kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi omwe amapatsidwa.

Kuchulukitsa kwamalipiro

Njira zoyeserera matenda opatsirana a shuga ndi fructosamine ndi glycated hemoglobin. Pochiza matenda, cholinga chake chimakhala pa mulingo womwe amalipiridwa. Popeza kagayidwe kachakudya monga kupindika kumayamba pang'onopang'ono mu mawonekedwe a matenda, ndiye kuti mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga suyambitsa kusokonezeka kwamaso komanso kulephera kwa aimpso. Ndipo fomu yolipira yomwe imapezeka mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga imathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha myocardial infarction.

Ndikadwala matenda osawerengeka, matenda a hyperglycemia amakula, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake, glucose amamangirira kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayendayenda m'magazi. Mawonetseredwe amtundu wa mankhwala a glucose amasonyezedwa makamaka m'maso ndi impso.

Kupanga kwa glucose wogwira ntchito ndi glycated hemoglobin. Ndizotsatira zakumanga kwa glucose ndi molekyulu ya hemoglobin yomwe imapezeka m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Glycated hemoglobin imalumikizana ndi hyperglycemia kwa miyezi inayi. Umu ndi momwe maselo ofiira amwazi amakhala. Ndiye kuti, kumapeto kwa moyo wawo, hemoglobin anakhalabe glycosylated, izi zikutanthauza kuti kwa miyezi inayi yogonera glucose amawonekera m'magazi.

Chizindikirochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza kuwonongeka kwa matendawa, kuthandizira kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated, njira yosinthira ma chionatografia kapena njira ya immunochemical imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mu kafukufuku woyamba, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated mwa anthu athanzi lathunthu ndi 4.5-7,5% ya hemoglobin yonse. Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, zizindikiro izi ndi 4.5-5.7%.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 6% glycated hemoglobin. Ngati chizindikiro ichi chikuposa 9%, izi zikuwonetsa kuti shuga wowonongeka akupanga. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikungasungidwe mwanjira iliyonse. Gawo lowongolera limatha kukhala cholakwika chifukwa chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosiyanasiyana, etc.

Carbohydrate kagayidwe kachakudya njira:

1. chiŵerengero cha hemoglobin cha glycated ndi chipukuta ndi 6-7%, chokwanira - 7.1-7.5%, ndi kuwonongeka - oposa 7.5%,
2. kuchuluka kwa kusala kudya kwa glycemia ndi chipukutira ndi 5.0-6.0%, ndi gawo lochulukirapo - 6.1-6.5%, ndi kuwonongeka - kopitilira 6.5%,
3. kuchuluka kwa glycemia ya postprandial ndi chipukuta ndi 7.5-8%, ndi gawo lochulukirapo - 8.1-9.0%, ndi kuwonongeka - oposa 9.0%,
4. kuchuluka kwa glycemia asanagone pakubwezeredwa ndi 6.0-7.0%, ndi gawo lochulukirapo - 7.1-7.5%, ndi kuwonongeka - oposa 7.5%.

Chizindikiro chachiwiri chomwe kuchuluka kwa chindapusa cha shuga kumakhazikitsidwa ndi fructosamine. Thupi limapangidwa pakumanga kwa glucose ndi mapuloteni a plasma. Ngati kuchuluka kwa fructosamine m'madzi a m'magazi kumachuluka, izi zikutanthauza kuti m'masiku 14 mpaka 14, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonedwa m'magazi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa fructosamine, momwe wodwalayo angayang'anire.

Nthawi zambiri, fructosamine m'magazi sapitilira 285 μmol / L. Mwa kuchuluka kwa fructosamine ndi glycated hemoglobin m'magazi, munthu angadziwe zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima. Ndi gawo loperewera la matenda ashuga, chiwopsezochi ndi chocheperako, ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako amakhala apakati, ndipo ndi mawonekedwe opindika amakhala okwera.

Kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo

Mkhalidwe wa thanzi lake zimatengera momwe wodwalayo amaphunzirira bwino kuwongolera matenda ake. Wodwala amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo komanso kuchuluka kwa acetone mu mkodzo.

Magazi a m'magazi amayendera ma 4-5 patsiku. Koma izi ndizabwino. Sikuti munthu aliyense amatha kusanthula kangapo, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kafukufuku wocheperako amayenera kuchitika kawiri pa tsiku: m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso madzulo. A glucometer ndi zingwe zoyeserera zitha kuthandiza wodwala pamenepa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda abwino a shuga amabweza shuga mkodzo kamodzi pamwezi. Komabe, ngati zingwe zoyeserera zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo pakuwonekera kwa 12-15 mmol / l, maphunziro otere ayenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Moyenera, shuga mumkodzo sayenera kukhala konse, kupezeka kwake kukuwonetsa chitukuko cha gawo la matenda a shuga. Ngati shuga wa mkodzo wapezeka, wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika zakudya zomwe amadya komanso zakudya, ndipo adotolo amayenera kukupatsani mtundu wina wa insulin kapena asinthe piritsi lomwe adalemberatu

Ngati shuga wapezeka mumkodzo, kuwunikira kowonjezereka ndikofunikira kuthandiza kuzindikira matupi a ketone (acetone) mumkodzo. Phunziroli, mzere wapadera wama test umagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Potsitsa mzerewo mkodzo, mutha kuwona momwe umasinthira mtundu. Kutengera mtundu wa machulukidwe, zomwe ma acetone mumkodzo amatsimikiza. Malinga ndi zizindikirozi, adotolo amafotokozera chithandizo chomwe chithandizire kukonza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Ndi mankhwala a shuga a mellitus omwe amalipira, zotsatirazi zikuwonetsedwa:

• shuga wa magazi 3.5-8 mmol / l,
• mkodzo wa shuga mu 0-0.5%,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi osaposa 130/80 mm Hg,
• Kulemera kwa thupi kumadutsa malire.

Matenda olipidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake

Wodwala akapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1, chinthu choyamba kuchita pamenepa ndi kusiya kuyesetsa konse kuti akhazikitse shuga la wodwala pamlingo wofunikira. Tsoka ilo, ngakhale mankhwala amtundu wa matenda ashuga angagawiridwe, mtundu woyamba umafuna kuperekedwa kwa timadzi ta insulin.

Komabe, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, insulin nthawi zina imaperekedwa. Koma pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo samvera malangizo a dokotala: sanasinthe chakudya chake, samachita zolimbitsa thupi.

Monga lamulo, adokotala nthawi zonse amauza payekha kuti ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zingathe kudyedwa, ayenera kudya kangati patsiku. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe ali nawo odwala matenda ashuga, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi omwe amaperekedwa.

Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga wodwala ali nalo, ndikofunikira kuti mfundo zotsatirazi zopatsa thanzi zizisamalidwa:

• Zinthu zophika buledi zomwe zimaphatikizira ufa wa tirigu sizimachotsedwa.
• Simungadye zophika za confectionery, zakudya zotsekemera, ma pickles, zokometsera komanso mafuta amafuta.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukana zakudya zophika ndi kuwaza. Amaloledwa kudya chakudya chokha chophika kapena chopatsidwa.
• Muyenera kudya magawo ochepa, mpaka sikisi patsiku.
• Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta sizingathe kudya, muyenera kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta tsiku lililonse.
• Ndikofunikira kuthira mchere m'malo ochepa, mulingo woyenera tsiku lililonse wa sodium chloride sayenera kupitirira 12 magalamu.
• Zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu zophika chakudya zizigwirizana ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku, osatinso.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti malingaliro onse ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa. Ndipo izi sizongosintha m'zakudya zawo, komanso pamachitidwe amoyo onse. Tsoka ilo, matenda ashuga ndi njira yabwino komanso yosachiritsika, chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa amayenera kulemekezedwa kwa moyo wonse.

Kuti musunge shuga m'magawo a chiphuphu, muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula chipangizo chapadera choyezera shuga m'magazi - mwachitsanzo mita ya One Touch Ultra.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zitha kusokoneza matendawa, komanso zimatha kuyipitsa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zochitika zonse zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kukhala zopanda malire.

Zoyenera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi m'mawa.

Nthawi zina, zimachitika kuti wodwalayo amatsatira nthawi zonse zomwe dokotala amupangira komanso zomwe akuwayimbira, koma chiphuphu cha matenda a shuga sichimachitika. Tsoka ilo, njira yokha yomwe imathandizira kusintha chithunzicho ndi kuyambitsa insulini.

Ngati nkotheka kufikira gawo la chiphuphu, ndiye kuti wodwalayo azisamalira zotsatirazi:

1. Shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu sapitirira mayunitsi 5.5.
2. Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi sizoposa 140/90.
3. Mlingo wa cholesterol wa wodwalayo uli mpaka magawo 5.2.
4. Gawo la hemoglobin wa glycated sioposa 6.5%.
5. Kuzunzika kwa shuga m'thupi maola awiri mutatha kudya sikupitirira mayunitsi 8.

Nawonso, muzochitika zamankhwala, kuchuluka kwamalipiro amtundu wa 2 shuga kumathandizidwanso, komwe kumadalira zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi matenda ashuga ali pati?

ShugaManWomanSanizani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jambulani kuti mupeze ndemangaLevel0.58 Kuyang'ana osapezedwaTchulani zaka za manAge45 KusakaNot anapezaYambirani zaka za mkaziAge45

Kudziwa chomwe shuga yopanda shuga ili, muyenera kukambirana za magawo omwe kubwezeretsedwako kuli. Magawo a shuga omwe amalipidwa akuwonetsa momwe amachitidwira achire zotsatira za chithandizo.

Ngati nkotheka kukwaniritsa gawo labwino la chipukuta misozi, momwe zinthu zimapangidwira monga metabolic syndrome sizimayang'aniridwa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba sangawope kukula kwa matenda a impso ndi ziwalo za malingaliro.

Potengera maziko awa, ngati kunali kotheka kubwezeredwa, ndiye kuti mtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda osokoneza bongo amachitika popanda zovuta, mavuto amtundu wamtima amatha kuthetseratu.

Pamene kubwezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga kudachitika theka lokha, ndiye kuti, wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ochulukirapo, chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi mtima sichidalipobe.

Pankhaniyi, shuga wambiri amatsogolera pamavuto ena.

Popita nthawi, mitsempha yamagazi ing'onoing'ono komanso ma capillaries amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amawonongeka, kulephera kwa impso kumawonedwa.

Kodi hemoglobin ya glycated ikuwonetsa chiyani?

Hemoglobin ndi puloteni yomwe ndi gawo la magazi, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikumayendetsa mpweya m'mthupi mwa munthu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mapuloteni awa ndikuti "amatha kujambula" mamolekyulu a okosijeni, ndikuwathandiziranso komwe ikayenera.

Komabe, mapuloteniwa amatha kugwira mamolekyulu a shuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, phula longa shuga - glucose limapangidwa (m'zochita zamankhwala, kuphatikiza uku kumatchedwa glycated hemoglobin).

Pulogalamuyi ndi yolimba mokwanira, kotero nthawi ya kukhalapo kwayo imawerengeredwa osati mphindi, masiku kapena masabata, komanso miyezi.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake zomwe zili mu glycated hemoglobin m'thupi la wodwalayo zitha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu shuga m'miyezi ingapo. Chizindikiro ichi chimakupatsani mwayi wowunika magawo a matenda:

• Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumayesedwa.
• Kuchita bwino kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kumayesedwa.
• Mlingo wa kubwezera wa matenda a mtima umatsimikizika.

Wodwala yemwe amalipira bwino matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni amtunduwu kumasiyana kuyambira 6 mpaka 9 peresenti. Kusanthula kukawonetsa mitengo yapamwamba, izi zikuwonetsa kuti chithandizo chamankhwala sichothandiza.

Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi la wodwalayo kumakhalabe okwera, chifukwa chomwe chinganenedwe kuti wodwalayo ali ndi mawonekedwe osakwanira a matenda.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwa chipukuta misozi kungakhale kusayendetsa bwino kwa mahomoni, osagwirizana ndi mlingo wa insulin kapena amasankhidwa molakwika, kuphwanya zakudya zabwino, kusachita bwino zolimbitsa thupi.

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani?

Ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu yamatendawa:

• Gawo la malipiro
• Fomu yolipidwa
• Gawo lowongoleredwa.

Matenda a shuga opatsirana ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mashuga amwazi amayandikira kwambiri ndipo, motero, palibe chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe atchulidwa, kutsatira zakudya komanso kutsatira njira zina.

Gawo lowonongeka la matenda ashuga limachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kuchiritsa kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu. Pa nthawi iyi ya matendawa, mwayi wokhala ndi ketacidosis, hyperglycemic coma.

Zinthu zokhala ndi glucose m'magazi zochuluka zimapangitsa kuti minyewa iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa ikhale yovuta, mawonekedwe a ntchito, ndipo mtima wake umavutika. Kubwezera kumakhala kovuta kusintha chitukuko, odwala ali ndi thanzi lofooka, kudalirika kwa matenda ndiosavomerezeka.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizika ndi gawo lamalire pakati pamalipiro ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda. Zizindikiro za matendawa kumapita patsogolo, chiopsezo cha zovuta zapachuma chikuwonjezeka.

Pokhala nthawi yayitali osalowa mu fomu yolipiridwa, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ochulukirapo umakula. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amayamwa amafunika kuwunika chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zakudya.

Kubwezeretsa shuga kumakhala kosavuta kukwaniritsa ndi mtundu wachiwiri womwe sukudalira insulin. Matenda a Type 1 amabweretsa kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin, motero chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga ndizovuta kwambiri.

Ndi odwala shuga ochulukirapo, oposa theka la odwala amakhala. Pofuna kupewa kutembenuka kwa matendawa mgawo lokonzedwa, ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi ndipo potengera kusanthula, sinthani mankhwalawo.

Njira zoyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga

Mukafuna kudziwa momwe gawo la ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga limayendera, kuyesedwa kwa labotale komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaku thupi kumawerengedwa.

Mayeso a Laborator ndi awa:

• Kuthamanga shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, chizindikirochi chimayenera kukhala pamtunda kuchokera 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / g. Ngati odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akuwonetsa zofunika pang'ono, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kulipira kwakumwa kwa matenda,
• Kupenda kulekerera kwa glucose. Chitani maola awiri mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga ndi wodwalayo. Zomwezo ndi 7.7 mmol / l. Kuphatikiza pa kulipirira matenda ashuga, kuwunika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa tsogolo la matenda ashuga,
• Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Amawonetsa kuchuluka pakati pa mamolekyulu a hemoglobin omwe agwirizana ndi mamolekyulu a glucose ndi hemoglobin yonse. Kukula kwake kumachokera 3 mpaka 6%, HbA1c imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga pafupi miyezi 3 kusanthula kusanachitike.
• Shuga mkodzo. Nthawi zambiri, m'magazi mulibe shuga. Mulingo wovomerezeka ndi 8.9 mmol / L, pomwe ntchito ya impso kusefa imasungidwa.
• Cholesterol. "Choipa" cholesterol chatsimikizika, mtengo wake suyenera kupitirira 4 mmol / l. Zizindikiro zowonjezera zikuwonetsa chiyambi cha kusintha kwa ma pathological m'matumbo,
• Triglycerides. Kusanthula kumayikidwa kuti mudziwe momwe masinthidwe amitsempha ya matenda ashuga. Mu matenda a shuga, triglycerides yoyenera imakwana 1,7 mmol / L.

Kubwezera anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumadaliranso kulemera kwa munthu. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, mndandanda wam'mimba umayenera kukhala pamtunda wa 24-25, amawerengedwa ndi njira yomwe kulemera kwa kilogalamu amagawika ndi kutalika kwa mita.

Zofunikanso kwambiri ndizofunika zamankhwala othamanga. Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino ndi malire mpaka 140/90 mm. Hg. Art. Hypertension imawonetsa kusayenda bwino kwa ziwiya.

Matenda a shuga omwe amapindulira amati ndi pomwe mayeso omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa sapitirira zomwe zili zenizeni kapena kuwayandikira. Kulipira kungathe kutsimikizika kuchokera pagome pansipa.