Insulin mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi: zabwino ndi zoyipa, makamaka

Kukonzekera kwa insulini kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuchipatala kumapezeka kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za nkhumba, ng'ombe, ndi mainjiniation. Insulin imayikidwa makamaka pochiza matenda a shuga. Popewa zovuta zomwe zingayambike pakukonzekera insulin, namwino ayenera kudziwa bwino malamulo onse a insulin makonzedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti odwala amadziwa bwino.

Magawo akuluakulu abizinesi:

1. The endocrinologist imasankha muyeso woyamba wa insulin payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, poganizira chithunzi cha matenda, shuga (magazi a hyperglycemia), shuga wa mkodzo (glucosuria).

2. Mankhwala a insulin ayenera kuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko azakudya zopangidwa ndi endocrinologist (tebulo No. 9).

3. Sungani insulin m'malo osungirako firiji pamtunda wa + 2- + 8 ° С. Kutentha kumeneku kumasungidwa patali pakati pachitseko cha firiji, yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki. Kuzizira kwa mankhwalawa sikuloledwa.

4. Cold insulin (kuchokera mufiriji) sangathe kuyigwiritsa ntchito, motero vial ya insulin yomwe wodwalayo akugwiritsa ntchito iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwambiri koma osapitirira 22 ° C), pamalo amdima osapitirira mwezi umodzi.

5. Musanayambe kuperekera insulin, onetsetsani kuti yankho lanu ndi lotani. Vul-insulin vial (yosavuta insulin, SU-insulin, mono-insulin) iyenera kukhala yowonekera kwathunthu. Ngati pali zosafunikira zakunja mu yankho, ndiye kuti insulin imeneyi singagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pali gawo loyera lomwe limakhala pansi pa cholephera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yayitali komanso madzi amadzimadzi pamwamba pake, pankhaniyi, kutsekemera sikukutsutsana ndi insulin.

6. Pofuna kupewa kuyanjana ndi kukonzekera kwa insulin, kuyesedwa kwa matenda amisala kapena kufooka kuyenera kuchitidwa musanachitike mlingo woyamba wa kuzindikira kwa thupi.

7. Ndikofunika kupanga jakisoni wa insulin ndi syringe ya insulin. Pakalibe syringe ya insulin, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe adokotala amupatsa. Mwachitsanzo, adotolo adapereka magawo 28 a insulin yosavuta kwa wodwala. Werengani mosamala pa vial kuchuluka kwa ma UNITS omwe ali mu vial, ndiye kuti, ndi ma UNITS angati a insulin omwe ali ndi 1 ml (mu 1 ml pakhoza kukhala 40 UNITS ndi 80 UNITS). Adzaganiza kuti botolo limati: mu 1 ml - 40 PISCES. Tengani syringe 2 ml. Mtengo wa gawo limodzi wofanana (40:10) - 4 PISCES. Werengani kuchuluka kwa magawikidwe ndikupeza yankho kuti magawo 28 a insulin akwaniritse chizindikiro - 0,7 ml. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupeza 0,7 ml ya yankho la insulin.

Kumbukirani! Mlingo wa insulin uyenera kujambulidwa molondola! Ndi bongo wa insulin, kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia), i.e. hypoglycemic state kapena hypoglycemic coma. Ndi insulin yokwanira, kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic (hyperglycemia, glucosuria), ndiko kuti, matenda a shuga (hyperketonemic).

8. Onetsetsani kuti mwalingalira nthawi yayitali yothandizidwa ndi insulin. Insulin yofikira mwachidule (insulin yosavuta, SU-insulin) imagwira ntchito kwa maola 6-8, insulini wa nthawi yayitali (insulin B, semilent) - maola 16-20, insulin yotalikilapo - zinc-insulin maola.

9. Kukonzekera kwa insulini kosasunthika sikungaperekedwe mu syringe yomweyo ndi insulin yochepa. Ngati ndi kotheka, pofuna kuthamanga kwa vuto la hypoglycemic, njira yochepa yochitira insulin iyenera kuperekedwa mu syringe ina.

10. Asanadzaze kuyimitsidwa mu syringe, vial iyenera kugwedezeka mpaka osakaniza yunifomu apangidwe.

11. Pokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zotupa pakhungu m'matenda a shuga: furunculosis, carbunculosis, trophic zilonda zam'mimba ndi zina zotero, namwino ayenera kutsatira mosamala malamulo a asepsis ndi antiseptics pamene akuchita jakisoni.

Kumbukirani! Mowa umachepetsa ntchito ya insulini, chifukwa chake musalole ngakhale pang'ono Mlingo wambiri wa mowa kuti ulowe munjira ya insulin, izi zimachitika mukamapukusa nkhumba ya botolo kapena khungu la wodwalayo ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa.

12. Jekeseni insulin 15-20 mphindi musanadye.

13. Insulin imatha kubayidwa mosavomerezeka m'malo otsatirawa a thupi: nkhope yonse yam'mimba, kutsogolo ndi mbali zakunja za ntchafu, mbali yakunja ya nkono kuyambira phewa mpaka m'chiuno. Kumbukirani kuti insulini imatengedwa kuchokera kumagawo osiyanasiyana amthupi kuthamanga kosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumadera am'mimba mwachangu ndipo, koposa zonse, mankhwalawo amalowa m'chiwindi nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, poyambitsa insulin m'mimba, momwe amathandizira ndizothandiza kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono, insulin imatengedwa kuchokera pa ntchafu, ndipo mbali zotsala za thupi zimakhala pakati. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuperekera insulin motere: m'mawa - m'mimba, madzulo - ntchafu kapena matako.

Kumbukirani! Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kuyenera kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse, chifukwa nthawi zonse mukamayamwa mankhwala omwewo, mavuto amatha kuchitika - kunenepa kwamafuta a minyewa ya m'mimba (lipodystrophy), osatinso - hypertrophy ya subcutaneous wosanjikiza.

14. Pakuwonekera koyamba kwa hypoglycemia (wodwalayo amasokonezeka ndi nkhawa yamkati, kufooka kwambiri, kumva njala, kugwedezeka manja ndi miyendo, thukuta kwambiri), namwino ayenera kumpatsa wodwalayo tiyi wamphamvu ndi shuga wokwanira, kudya maswiti, mkate Ngati palibe zovuta komanso kutchulidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa kukomoka (kusokonezeka, kukondwerera kwambiri kwa galimoto, kukokana, tachycardia, hypotension), lowetsani 20-40 ml ya njira ya 40% ya shuga mkati kapena kubwereza kulowetsedwa kwa shuga komanso malangizo ena a dokotala akuyenera kutsatiridwa.

Chithandizo cha jekeseni wamba

Analogue yopanga insulin yamunthu idapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazo. Popeza takhala mukukonzanso zinthu zingapo, mankhwalawa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumatenda amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri ndipo ali ndi mitundu ingapo: yayifupi, yayitali komanso yayitali.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala oyenera kumachitika payekhapayekha ndipo m'njira zambiri zimadalira moyo wa wodwala.

Timadzi tomwe timagwira mwachidule timapatsidwa theka la ola lisanadye. Ndikofunikira kuti njira zonse ziwiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Kudumpha chakudya sikuloledwa.

Pakati insulin ikhoza kukhala yothandiza masana. Imayambitsidwa nthawi isanakwane chakudya chamadzulo chamitima chosangalatsa. Nawonso, mankhwala omasulidwa nthawi yayitali amatha kugwira ntchito yoposa tsiku limodzi, nthawi yoyendetsera imakhazikitsidwa payekhapayekha.

Kupereka mankhwalawa masiku ano, ma syringe osawoneka bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso wopereka aliyense payekha kuti athe kukonza kuchuluka kwake. Nthawi zonse azisungidwa nanu kuti muthe kupanga njira zoyenera nthawi iliyonse. Komanso, odwala ayenera kukhala ndi glucometer payekha kuti ayang'anire matendawo.

Zoyambira mapiritsi a insulin

Kafukufuku wazokhudza matenda a shuga ndi mahomoni omwe amapanga glucose adayamba chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pamene ubale wapadera pakati pa insulin ndi shuga m'thupi la munthu wapezeka. Zingwe, zomwe tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala matenda ashuga, zidapangidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Nkhani yopanga insulin monga mapiritsi yakhala ikuchitika kwazaka zambiri. Woyamba kufunsa anali asayansi ochokera ku Denmark ndi Israel. Adayambitsa chitukuko choyambirira m'magulu opanga miyala yamapiritsi ndipo adayesa zingapo zotsimikizira kuthekera kwawo. Komanso, kafukufuku wazaka za m'ma 90 zapitazi zachitika ndi oimira India ndi Russia, zotsatira zake ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zinthu zochokera ku Denmark ndi Israel.

Masiku ano, mankhwala opatsirana amapitilira ziyeso zofunika pa nyama. Posachedwa akufuna kupanga zochuluka ngati njira yina yobayira jekeseni.

Kusiyana mu njira ya mankhwala

Insulin ndi mapuloteni omwe amapanga kapamba m'thupi. Ndi kuchepa kwake, shuga samafika m'maselo, chifukwa chomwe ntchito ya ziwalo zonse zamkati imasokonekera ndipo matenda a shuga amapezeka.

Mafuta a m'magazi amadzuka akangotha ​​kudya. Mu thupi lathanzi, kapamba panthawi yazovuta zowonjezereka amayamba kupanga mwachangu mahomoni omwe amalowa m'chiwindi kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi. Amawongolera kuchuluka kwake. Akabayidwa, insulin nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'magazi, kudutsa chiwindi.

Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti kumwa mankhwala a insulin m'mapiritsi kumakhala kotetezeka kwambiri chifukwa pamenepa chiwindi chizichita nawo ntchito yake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi thandizo lawo, mutha kuchotsa jakisoni opweteka tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Chimodzi mwamaubwino akuluakulu a insulin m'mapiritsi poyerekeza ndi jakisoni ndi chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mahomoni achilengedwe omwe amapangidwa amathandizira kukonza chiwindi; akaphatikizidwa, satenga nawo gawo pokonzekera. Zotsatira zake, zovuta za matendawa, kusokonezeka kwa mtima wama mtima, komanso kuwonekera kwa kufinya kwa ma capillaries kumatha kuchitika.

Mukamamwa, mankhwalawo nthawi zonse amalowa m'chiwindi ndikuwongolera mothandizidwa. Chifukwa chake, pali makonzedwe ofanana ndi dongosolo lachilengedwe la mahomoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin ya piritsi ili ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Imatsitsa njira zopweteka, mabala ndi mabala pambuyo pawo,
2. Sichifuna kuchuluka kwakukulu,
3. Mwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi chiwindi pakukonzanso, chiopsezo cha bongo chimachepa kwambiri,
4. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa jakisoni.

Kuti mudziwe chomwe chiri bwino, insulini kapena mapiritsi, ndikofunikira kuti muzolowere zolakwitsa zakutsogolo. Imatha kukhala ndi mphindi imodzi yofunika, yomwe imagwirizana ndi ntchito ya kapamba. Chowonadi ndichakuti mukamamwa mankhwala mkati, thupi limagwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu.

Komabe, pakadali pano pankhani yothetsa nkhaniyi, zomwe zikuchitika zikuchitika. Kuphatikiza apo, kapambayu azigwira ntchito akangomaliza kudya, osatinso, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kutsitsa shuga.

Chovuta china cha chida ichi ndi kusatheka komanso mtengo wokwera. Komabe, tsopano zimalumikizidwa ndi kupitiliza kwa kafukufuku ndipo zidzathetsedwa posachedwa.

Contraindication

Ngakhale ndikufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ali ndi malire. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala matenda a chiwindi ndi mtima matenda a urolithiasis ndi zilonda zam'mimba.

Chifukwa chiyani ana sayenera kumwa insulin pamapiritsi? Kuphwanya kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa chidziwitso pazotsatira za maphunziro pazogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi ndizotheka kusintha kuchokera ku yankho kupita pamapiritsi?

Popeza mapiritsi a insulin pakadali pano akupanga chitukuko ndikuyesera, kafukufuku wolondola komanso wokwanira sanapezebe. Komabe, zotsatira zomwe zilipo zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ndikomveka bwino komanso kotetezeka, chifukwa sikuvulaza thupi kuposa jakisoni.

Popanga mapiritsi, asayansi m'mbuyomu adakumana ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi njira komanso liwiro la timadzi timene timalowa m'magazi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuyesa kwakanthawi kambiri.

Mosiyana ndi jakisoni, zinthu zochokera m'mapiritsiwo zimakumwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zotsatira za kutsika kwa shuga sizinakhalitse. M'mimba, Komano, imazindikira kuti mapuloteniwo ndi amino acid ndipo amamugaya m'njira yoyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, podutsa m'mimba, timadzi timene timatha kulowa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Pofuna kuti mahomoni akhale mu mawonekedwe ake mpaka atalowa m'magazi, asayansi adakulitsa muyeso, ndipo chipolopolocho chidapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimalola kuti madzi am'mimba awonongeke. Piritsi yatsopanoyi, ikalowa m'mimba, sinagwe, ndipo italowa m'matumbo aang'ono idatulutsa hydrogel, yomwe idakhazikika pamakoma ake.

The inhibitor sanasungunuke m'matumbo, koma adaletsa machitidwe a ma enzyme pamankhwala. Chifukwa cha chiwembuchi, mankhwalawo sanawonongedwe, koma adalowa kwathunthu m'magazi. Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa thupi kunachitika mwachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chake, ngati zitheka kusinthana ndi cholowa m'malo mwa insulin, muyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mutsatira maulamulirowa ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, kulandira chithandizo ndi mankhwalawa kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwambiri.

Kodi insulin ingakhalenso m'mitundu iti?

Zomwe adaganizapo m'mbuyomu momwe amasuliridwe insulin mu mawonekedwe a njira yokhazikitsira mphuno. Komabe, kukulitsa ndi kuyesa sizinaphule kanthu chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa mahomoni mu yankho sikungakhazikike chifukwa chovuta ndi kulowetsedwa kwa gawo kulowa m'magazi kudzera mucous membrane.

Komanso, kuyeserera kunachitika pa nyama komanso kuyamwa kwamankhwala mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndi chithandizo chake, makoswe oyesera adachotsa msanga vuto la kuperewera kwamafuta ndi glucose pakapita mphindi.

Maiko angapo otukuka padziko lapansi ali okonzeka kutulutsidwa kwa piritsi. Kupanga zochuluka kumathandizira kuthetsa kusowa kwa mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi ndikuchepetsa mtengo wake wamsika. Zotsatira zake, mabungwe ena azachipatala ku Russia amachitanso kale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndipo amawona kuti matendawo amathandizira.

Pomaliza

Insulini m'mapiritsi ilibe dzina pakadali pano, chifukwa kafukufuku wamderali sanamalizebe. Pakadali pano, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyesera. Komabe, zabwino zake zambiri zadziwika poyerekeza ndi mankhwala wamba. Koma palinso zovuta zomwe ndizofunikanso kuziganizira. Chifukwa chake, insulin m'mapiritsi imakhala ndi mtengo wokwera, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuti ikhale nayo.

Maonekedwe a insulin mu piritsi

Pothetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, odwala amakakamizidwa kubayidwa nthawi zonse pokonzekera insulin. Chifukwa chosakwanira kaphatikizidwe kameneka, mapuloteniwa samapereka glucose ku minofu, chifukwa chomwe zochita za ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe zimasokonekera. Mukangodya, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za glycosylating kumawonjezeka. Ngati kapamba ayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndikupanga insulin mthupi lathanzi panthawi yazakudya zawo zochulukirapo, ndiye kuti njirayi imasokonekera mu odwala matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala a insulin amathandizira kulipirira kuchepa kwa mahomoni, kupewa hyperglycemia komanso kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Kukhazikika kwa insulin ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu 1 ndipo nthawi zina amalemba mtundu wa 2 shuga. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi, tsopano pali insulin mwa mapiritsi, omwe amatha kukhala moyo wosalira zambiri komanso kupewa jakisoni tsiku lililonse.

Dziwani kuti kutenga mahomoni mu piritsi sikuchitika limodzi ndi jakisoni. Mankhwalawa, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Komabe, samawerengedwa ngati insulinic ndipo ali m'gulu lina la mankhwala, omwe amayenera kumvetsedwa ndi odwala.

Zotsatira ndi mwayi wa mapiritsi

Panthawi yomwe mumayeserera mankhwala atsopano, onse omwe adamwa mapiritsi a insulin adazindikira zambiri zothandiza mwanjira iyi:

• kusowa kwa zowawa
• Kuchotsa ma jakisoni, zipsera, kutupa, hematomas pamalo opangira jekeseni wa madzi,
• chitetezo chogwiritsira ntchito,
• kuthekera kotenga insulin pakafunika, mosasamala malo ndi nthawi,
• kusungidwa kosavuta (mapiritsi amatha kuyikidwa bwino mchikwama, chikwama, ndi zina),
• kusowa kofunikira kunyamula Chalk cha jakisoni.

Kukhala bwino kwa ophunzirawo sikunawonjezeke pamene asintha piritsi lamankhwala, popeza mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa jakisoni.

Insulin palokha ndi mapuloteni omwe amapangika m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Vuto lalikulu lamapiritsi, omwe opanga akukumana nawo, anali kuwononga msuzi wawo. Asayansi adaganizira izi ndipo adapanga chipolopolo mu kapisozi, osagwidwa ndi m'mimba, koma amapita mwachindunji m'matumbo ang'ono, komwe amayamba kugwira ntchito.

Popewa insulin kuti isungunuke posachedwa ndi michere yamatumbo, mapiritsiwo amakhala ndi ma enzyme zoletsa ndi ma polysaccharides. Kuchita ndi ma pectins, amalola kuti insulini ikhale okhazikika pamakoma a matumbo. Inali mphindi iyi yomwe idalola insulin kulowa m'magazi ndikufikira ziwalo zofunika (mwachitsanzo, chiwindi) m'malo osasinthika.

Mukamamwa mapiritsi a insulin, mumalowa ziwindi za chiwindi momwe zimafunikira. Amatengedwa kulowa m'magazi, monga mwa anthu athanzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake insulin mwa mapiritsi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe imathandizira munthu kulimbana ndi matenda okoma mwanjira yachilengedwe.

Kodi ndizotheka kukana jakisoni wa insulin

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti mankhwala azakudya komanso kukonza nthawi inayake amasiya kuchepetsa shuga. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anira zochitika zanu nthawi zonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Kusungidwa kwa ma B-cell mu kapamba, omwe amapanga kuchuluka kwake, kumatha pang'onopang'ono, komwe kumakhudza indices za glycosylation. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi glycogemoglobin, yemwe magawo amomwe amachititsa michere amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi miyezi itatu). Onse odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesedwa kangapo kuti awone mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi.

Ndi magawo apamwamba a shuga, odwala amathandizidwa ndi insulin. Mutha kukana jakisoni, koma izi zimabweretsa hyperglycemia ndi zovuta zingapo zovuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa wodwalayo chitonthozo chachikulu panthawi ya chithandizo. Mapiritsi amtundu wa mahomoni ofunikira a peptide amatha kuthandizira ndi izi.

Pakadali pano, mapiritsi a insulini piritsi lalikulu amapangidwa. Popeza palibe chidziwitso chokwanira pokhudzana ndi zovuta za mankhwalawa pa thupi la munthu. Koma malinga ndi kuyesera komwe kunachitika kale pa zinyama ndi anthu, titha kunena kuti ndizotheka kusintha kuchokera ku mankhwala amadzimadzi kupita pamapiritsi, popeza amawonedwa ngati osavulaza.

Njira yofananira yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana sizinaphule kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, m'mbuyomu adapanga mankhwala omwe amafunikira kuti aloowe m'mphuno. Koma malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesaku, zinaonekeratu kuti kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa insulini mu mphuno ya mphuno sikungathe kuwerengedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zolowa mkati mwa gawo lomwe limatulutsa gawo la m'mphuno.

Ngati tikulankhula za kukonzekera kwa pakamwa, komwe kumayesedwa kwa odwala, ndiye kuti jakisoni wa insulin adachitapo kanthu, ndipo mukalowetsa insulin ndi mapiritsi, wodwalayo amakumana ndi vuto la mayamwidwe ake osakwiya. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangidwira shuga zidachepa pang'onopang'ono osati zochuluka momwe zimafunikira. Mlingo wa insulin m'mapiritsi utachulukidwa kangapo ndikukulunga ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera, mawonekedwe a piritsiwo anali opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa amadzimadzi. Kufunika kwa kuyamwa mapiritsi ochuluka zedi kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha, zomwe zayika udindo wa mankhwalawa patsogolo pakati pa onse omwe amachepetsa shuga. Thupi la wodwalayo linayamba kulandira ndendende kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amafunikira, ndipo zochulukazo zimatuluka ndikugulitsa zinthu zina mwanjira yachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chake, kusinthika kwa njira yofananira yamankhwala kumakhala kowona komanso kotheka. Chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa zomwe zili mumtsinje ndikuwonetsetsa ndi katswiri.

Doctor of Medical Science, Mutu wa Institute of Diabetesology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russia Academy of Medical Science idatha kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 98%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipira mtengo wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia, odwala matenda ashuga mpaka Meyi 18 (kuphatikiza) nditha kuipeza - Kwa ma ruble 147 okha!

Mayina a mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mtengo wake

Mapiritsi a insulin, omwe adaphunziridwa kwathunthu komanso okonzekera kupanga, alibe dzina, popeza maphunzirowo sanakwaniritsidwe. Tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oyesera, koma mwayi wawo pamitundu yodziwika kale waziwika kale. Pali zovuta zoyipa - mtengo wokwera komanso kusatheka kwa wodwala wamba. Kupanga kwamasamba ikayamba, kusowa kwa mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi kudzatha ndipo mtengo wake udzatsika. Mabungwe ena azachipatala ku Russia amachitapo kale mankhwala otere ndipo amawona zabwino.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda a shuga amayamba kulembedwa m'maiko onse. Kupanga mankhwala atsopano a pharmacotechnologies kumathandizira kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga azichiritsidwapo bwino komanso mopweteka posachedwa. Maonekedwe a insulin m'mapiritsi amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pazopindulitsa odwala. Ngati mutsata zakudya ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose, chithandizo chamankhwala chimapereka bwino.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga m'manja? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito. werengani zambiri >>

Mapiritsi a insulin: chiyambi

Makampani omwe akupanga mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali amaganiza za mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala omwe amatha kubaya matenda a shuga popanda jakisoni.

Mapiritsi a insulin adapangidwa koyamba ndi ofufuza aku Australia ndi Israeli. Anthu omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu adatsimikizira kuti mapiritsi ndi osavuta komanso abwino kuposa jakisoni. Kumwa insulin pakamwa kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta, pomwe magwiridwe ake samachepa konse.

Pambuyo poyesera nyama, ofufuza amakonzekera kuyesa kulowetsedwa kwa insulin m'mapiritsi komanso pakati pa anthu. Pambuyo pake, kupanga zochuluka kudzayamba. Tsopano India ndi Russia ali okonzeka kwathunthu kupanga mankhwala.

Kupanga mapiritsi a insulin

Insulin amatanthauza mtundu wina wa mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba. Pokhala kuti mulibe insulin mthupi, glucose sangathe kufikira minyewa. Pafupifupi ziwalo zonse za anthu ndi machitidwe ake amavutika ndi izi, ndipo matenda amapangidwe - shuga mellitus.

Ofufuzawo ku Russia adayamba kupanga mapiritsi a insulin m'ma 90s. Ransulin tsopano yakonzeka kupanga. Mayina a mapiritsi a insulin ndi osangalatsa kwa ambiri.

Mu shuga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin yamadzimadzi imapezeka ngati jakisoni. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumayambitsa zovuta kwa wodwalayo, ngakhale singano zochotseka komanso ma insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zimakhalapo pakuyerekeza kwa insulin mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi mkati mwa thupi la munthu. Hormayo imakhala ndi mapuloteni, ndiye kuti, m'mimba imatenga ngati chakudya wamba, chifukwa chomwe chimatha kuwonongeka kwa ma amino acid komanso kugawa ma enzymes ena mwanjira imeneyi.

Choyamba, asayansi amayenera kuteteza insulini ku ma enzymes kuti ilowe m'magazi athunthu, osapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pasapezeke kulumikizana kwa insulin ndi chilengedwe cha m'mimba ndipo osalowa mu mawonekedwe ake apachiberekero. Chifukwa chake, thunthu liyenera kukhala lovala ndi nembanemba lomwe limateteza motsutsana ndi michere. Chipolopolochi chimafunikiranso kupasuka m'matumbo mwachangu kwambiri.

Asayansi aku Russia apanga ubale pakati pa mamolekyulu a inhibitor ndi polymer hydrogel. Kuphatikiza apo, ma polysaccharides adawonjezeredwa ku hydrogel kuti athandize kuyamwa kwa chinthucho m'matumbo aang'ono.

Pectins amapezeka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Amayang'anira ntchito yolimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa zinthu zogwirizana ndi polysaccharides. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, insulin idayambitsidwanso mu hydrogel. Zinthu izi sizinalumikizane. Kulumikizana kochokera kumwamba kwaphimbidwa, cholinga chake ndikupewa kusungunuka m'chipinda cha gastric acidic.

Kamodzi m'mimba mwa munthu, hydrogel yomwe ili ndi insulin idamasulidwa. Polysaccharides adayamba kumangiriza kwa ma pectins, pomwe ma hydrogel adakhazikika pamakoma a matumbo.

Inhibitor sanasungunuke m'matumbo. Adateteza kwathunthu insulini ku kuwonongeka koyambirira komanso zotsatira za asidi. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zofunikira zidakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti, insulin yomwe ili koyambirira idalowa m'magazi amunthu kwathunthu. Ma polima ndi ntchito yake yosungira, komanso zinthu zowola, adazichotsa m'thupi.

Zinadziwika kuti kufunikira kuyenera kuwonjezereka, tsopano pali insulin yowonjezereka kanayi piritsi la shuga. Chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, shuga amachepetsedwa koposa jakisoni. Komanso, funso lofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri a insulin silinayankhidwe.

Thupi, motero, adangolandira kuchuluka kwa insulin, yomwe amafunikira. Zowonjezera zonse zimachotsedwa limodzi ndi zinthu zina mwanjira yachilengedwe.

Kodi pali ndemanga zamapiritsi a insulin?

Zowonjezera ndi zowunikira ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin mwa mapiritsi kungathe kusankhidwa m'malo mwa jakisoni, ndipo mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawo udzakhala wolondola kwakanthawi. Koma ndemanga za madokotala zikusonyeza kuti mapiritsi nthawi zina amatha kusiya kutsika magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mita ya glucose kunyumba.

Popita nthawi, malo osungira a pancreatic beta amachepa, omwe amakhudza shuga a magazi nthawi yomweyo. Makamaka, hemoglobin ya glycated imachitira umboni izi, ikuwonetsa kwa miyezi itatu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Onse odwala matenda ashuga amafunikira mayeso ndi insulin pafupipafupi.

Ngati mitengo yovomerezeka itaperekedwa, muyenera kuganizira zakupeza mankhwala a insulin. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti ku Russia, pafupifupi 23% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amalandila insulin - odwala omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri ndi hemoglobin ya glycated, yomwe imayamba pa 10% kapena kupitirira.

Mankhwalawa, malinga ndi ambiri, ndi chizolowezi cha moyo wa jakisoni wa insulin. Inde, mutha kukana insulini, koma izi zikuwopseza kuti mubwerenso shuga komanso kutuluka kwa zovuta zingapo.

Ndi chithandizo cha insulin choyenera, wodwalayo amatha kukhala wolimba komanso wakhama.

Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Munthu akapezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, zizindikilo ndi chithandizo chake zimakhala m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi zizindikiro komanso chithandizo cha mtundu woyamba. Nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa zisonyezo zoyambirira kumawonedwa pakatha miyezi yochepa kapena zaka (matenda apambuyo).

Pakupanga matenda a shuga a 2, munthu amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• ludzu lalikuru ndi kufunitsitsa kopitilira zosowa,
• chizungulire, kukwiya, kutopa,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe komwe kumapangitsa kukula kwa matendawa - matenda ashuga retinopathy,
• njala, ngakhale chakudya chochuluka chitatha.
• kuyanika kwamkamwa,
• kuchepa kwamisempha,
• zotupa ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu.

Ngati matendawa atapitirira nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti matendawa amatha kukulirakulira. Odwala amatha kudandaula za matenda a shuga, monga kutupa ndi kupweteka kwam'munsi, matenda a yisiti, kuchiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali mabala, dzanzi m'manja ndi m'miyendo. Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 zimayenderana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe amwe mankhwala. Katswiri angathe kulemba kuti:

• Kukonzekera komwe kumapangitsa kupanga insulin ndi Glipizid, Novonorm, Tolbutamide, Amaril, ndi Diabeteson. Odwala okhwima kwambiri komanso achinyamata nthawi zambiri amalekerera ndalamazi, komabe, kuwunika kwa anthu okalamba sikungabwino konse. Mankhwala kuchokera munkhanizi nthawi zina amatha kuyambitsa matenda a adrenal gland komanso chifuwa.
• Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa m'matumbo. Piritsi lirilonse la ndalama zomwe zatsatidwapo pali metformin ngati chinthu chogwira ntchito. Izi zikuphatikiza Diaformin, Fomu Pliva, Insufor, Gliformin. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha minyewa ya insulin ndikukhazikitsa kuphatikiza shuga mu chiwindi.
• Glycosidase inhibitors, omwe amaphatikizapo "Acarbose". Chida ichi chimagwira ntchito pa ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kugwetsa mafuta ochulukitsa a glucose, kuwaletsa. Njira za mayamwidwe za glucose zimayamba kuchepa ngati chotsatira.
• "Fenofibrate" ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti alpha receptors achepetse kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis. Mankhwalawa amalimbitsa mitsempha ya m'magazi, amasintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa zovuta zowopsa, monga nephropathy ndi retinopathy. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.

Mapiritsi a insulin posachedwapa adzagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira odwala. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumachepa pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, adotolo amatha kupatsa wodwala mankhwala a insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri, chifukwa chake insulin imayikiridwa kuti izilipira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mankhwala aulere

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti si mankhwala onse omwe amafunikira kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a shuga omwe adzapatsidwe kwaulere. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wapadera, womwe umapangidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo. Mndandandandawu umaphatikizapo mankhwala aulere a odwala matenda ashuga ofunikira. Ngati munthu akufuna chida chomwe sichiri pamndandanda, amalumikizana ndi bungwe lachipatala kuti lithandizidwe. Mwinanso angaganize za vuto linalake ndikusankha kupereka mankhwalawo kwaulere kapena kuchotsera kwakukulu.

Kodi boma limapereka chiyani?

Akalandira kulemala ndikulembetsa ndi endocrinologist, wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu kulandira insulin yaulere. M'madera ena, simungayembekezere kulandira mankhwala ochepetsa shuga awa, chifukwa kulibe ndalama ku bajeti ya boma. Komabe, nthawi zina insulin imalowetsedwa kunja kwambiri, ndipo mutha kuchita kuti mulandire.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti odwala ena amakana jakisoni wa insulin, akunena kuti mtsogolomo adzadalira kwathunthu.Koma insulini ndi mankhwala ofunika kwambiri, makamaka ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, imapangitsa shuga yokhala ndi shuga komanso kupewa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala aulere amaphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera shuga wamagazi a wodwalayo. Mapiritsi okhala ndi mtundu woyamba samathandizira, koma ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amapezeka othandiza ngati kapamba kamadzipaka payokha.

Ma cholembera a insulin kapena ma syringe amathanso kuperekedwa. Kuti mupange jakisoni wa matenda, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera zapadera (zosavuta kwambiri komanso zothandiza) kapena syringes. Malinga ndi lamulo, munthu ali ndi ufulu kulandira ma syringe ndi ma syringe ndi singano kwaulere.

Boma lakonzeka kupereka ndalama zodziwitsa matendawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo mizere yoyesera ndi mita yamagazi. Mothandizidwa ndi zida zoyezera izi, munthu amawongolera zomwe zili ndi shuga. Zipangizo zimaperekedwa kuti wodwalayo azichita mayeso a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mankhwalawo omwe amaperekedwa monga amtundu woyamba. Ngati mukukana kupereka mankhwala kwaulere, muyenera kufunsa olamulira omwe ali ndi izi ndikuyesetsa kutsatira malamulo ndi chilungamo.

Insulin ya ana

Pochiza matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata, ma ultrashort amalowetsa - NovoRapid ndi Humalog - atenga malo apadera.

Mukamayambitsidwa pansi pa khungu, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mphamvu yoyambira komanso mphamvu yokwanira, ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu pambuyo pake, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mulowetse ndalamazi musanadye, kupewa kudya pafupipafupi, ngati mukufuna.

Kupeza kwaposachedwa kwambiri pantchito ya mankhwala a insulin ndiko kuyambitsa kwa Lantus insulin muzochita zamankhwala. Ndiwonetsero woyamba wopanda pake wa insulin waumunthu wokhala ndi maola 24.

"Detemir" ndi analogue yopanda tanthauzo yokhala ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa, kuphatikiza kwake kumakwaniritsidwa ndikupeza zotsalira khumi ndi zinayi za mafuta a B-chain mafuta achuma cha 29. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku.

Palibe mapiritsi a insulin a ana omwe akugulitsidwa pano.

Zophatikiza izi zimaphatikizanso ma insulin osakhalitsa komanso apakatikati mosiyanasiyana - 50 mpaka 50 kapena 90 mpaka 10. Amawerengedwa kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumapangitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni. Koma m'magulu a ana sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa chofunikira kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin yayifupi mwa wodwala, kutengera mtundu wa glycemia. Ndi khola mellitus wokhazikika (makamaka zaka zoyambirira), kubwezeredwa kwabwino kumatheka kudzera mu insulin yosakanikirana.

Insulini mu mankhwala amapanga 350 mpaka 8000 rubles. kutengera wopanga ndi mlingo.