Zambiri zenizeni za kuchuluka komwe mumakhala ndi matenda ashuga

Kuzindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga sikuti chifukwa cha mantha. Ngakhale nthendayi ndi imodzi mwamankhwala owopsa kwambiri komanso osachiritsika, sibwino kusainira chilango cha imfa pasadakhale. Wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa moyo, koma muyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi malingaliro ake.

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Kukhala ndi moyo wodwala matenda ashuga kumadalira momwe munthu amatsatira malangizo a dokotala. Kuthamanga kwa njira zowonongeka kumalumikizidwanso ndi zomwe munthu payekha ali m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Matenda a shuga amakhudza ziwalo zonse za mthupi ndi machitidwe a thupi. Choyamba, matendawa amakhudza kapamba. Zotsatira zake, kupanga insulin, timadzi timene timapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala m'magazi, amasokonezeka. Pali mavuto ndi metabolism yamkati. Pang'onopang'ono, matendawa amakhudza mtima, chiwindi, kupenya kwamaso ndi ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe ena. Ngati atasiyidwa, mavuto azaumoyo adzachulukana, ndipo pamapeto pake izi zidzakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo.

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso m'magulu atatu: pachimake, mochedwa komanso chovuta. Zovuta zazovuta zimatulukira ndikusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa shuga kumachitika kwakanthawi. Potengera komwe kudumpha, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar ndi lacticidal kukomoka ndikotheka. Ngati simuchita zinthu panthawi yake, matendawa amatha kutha pambuyo pake. Imayendera limodzi ndi angiopathy, retinopathy, phazi la shuga, polyneuropathy.

Mavuto aakulu amatuluka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin. Amakhala ndi vuto la impso, mtima ndi mantha. Zoopsa kwambiri ndizovuta za mochedwa komanso zovuta. Amachepetsa kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo.

Magulu owopsa

Kuti mumvetsetse zaka zingati zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kudziwa ngati munthu ali pachiwopsezo. Anthu ena amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lawo. Pakati pawo, magulu angapo azikhalidwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa.

• Ana ndi achinyamata.
• Anthu omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa.
• Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi atherosulinosis komanso matenda a hyperglycemia.
• Osuta.

Pali odwala ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pakati pa achinyamata ngakhale ana. Matendawa amapezeka kwa odwala azaka zapakati pa 14 ndi 35. Mwa awa, ambiri sakhala zaka 50.

Kuti mupewe zovuta, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa. Mu malo oyamba pakati pazinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa wodwala wokhala ndi matenda ashuga, pali gawo lokwera lamwazi m'magazi. Ngati index ya shuga imasiyanasiyana pakati pa 8 ndi 12 mmol / l tsiku lililonse, izi zimakhudza thupi lonse. Mtundu wa shuga umachitika m machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse. Zotsatira zake, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Munthu akangopezeka ndi matenda ashuga, amakhala bwino. Ngati wodwala sakudziwa za matenda ake ndipo satenga njira zoyenera, chiyembekezo chake cha moyo chimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala zaka 15 kwa munthu wamkulu komanso zaka 3-4 kwa mwana. Udindo wofunikira mu izi umachitika ndi mtundu wa matenda. Mtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2, moyo wa odwala ndi wosiyana kwambiri.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa shuga, kapena amadalira insulini, amayamba chifukwa chosachita bwino kapamba komanso insulin. Chiyembekezo cha moyo pamilandu iyi zimatengera zinthu zambiri: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, insulin, etc.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba nthawi zambiri amakula ali aang'ono. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa unyamata. Zaka zimasiyana kuyambira chaka choyamba cha moyo mpaka zaka 35. Nthawi yayitali yomwe munthu amakhala ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi pafupifupi zaka 30 mpaka 40 mpaka 40. Choyambitsa imfa ndi mavuto akulu a mtima ndi impso. Komabe, ngati odwala amatsatira malangizo a dokotala, nthawi yogwira imatha kukula mpaka zaka 50-60. Ndipo uku sikuti ndi malire. Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kukukulirakulira. Njira zatsopano zochizira matendawa zimawonekera.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, jenda imakhudzanso moyo wautali. Amayi amakhala ndi zaka 20, amuna 12. Ngakhale pano zonse zimatengera mtundu wamatendawo komanso mawonekedwe amunthu. Milandu yalembedwa pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, omwe adapezeka ali aang'ono, adapulumuka zaka 90.

Type 2 shuga

Chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 (osadalira insulini) ndikuti nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40. Odwala otere amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa mtundu woyamba. Kutalika kwa moyo wa matenda ashuga a 2 kumachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi zaka 5 - malinga ngati palibe zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matendawa. Ngati tilingalira za jenda, ndiye kuti azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin amakhala nthawi yayitali. Izi ndichifukwa choti amamvera kwambiri thanzi lawo komanso amatsatira mosamalitsa zomwe dokotala amuuzile.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri amatha kulandira digiri yosavomerezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zambiri matenda amtunduwu amakhala asymptomatic. Kuzindikira koyenera kumakhazikitsidwa zaka zochepa pambuyo poti matendawa atayamba. Munthawi imeneyi, zovuta zazikulu zimapangidwa m'thupi lomwe limakhudza miyendo kapena ziwalo zam'maso. Poyerekeza ndi matendawo omwe amayambitsa matendawa, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mtsempha wamagazi m'miyendo, atherosulinosis imayamba.

Mikhalidwe yayikulu yotalikitsa moyo wa mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi zakudya zabwino, miyezo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya shuga ndi kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Matenda a shuga aubwana

Ana amangokhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha chibadwa chathu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi monga matenda opatsirana komanso chitetezo cha m'thupi. Kutalika kwa moyo wa m'badwo uno kumadalira nthawi yodziwitsa. Matenda akapezeka msanga, ndiye kuti kupewa zovuta zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsa imfayo.

Chitsimikizo chokhala ndi moyo wathanzi kwa mwana chizikhala chisamaliro chokhacho cha njira zochiritsidwira. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala omwe angachiritse matenda ashuga kwathunthu. Koma mankhwala akupangidwa omwe mungakwaniritse shuga yokhazikika yamagazi. Mankhwala osankhidwa bwino a insulin amathandizira mwana kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino: kusewera, kuphunzira ndikupita nawo kumasewera.

Ngati mwanayo amupeza ndi mwana wazaka zosaposa zisanu ndi zitatu, pafupifupi zaka 30 zakubadwa. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa mutakula (zaka 14-16), mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathunthu umachulukirachulukira. Ngati matenda a shuga adapezeka ali ndi zaka 20, ndiye kuti wodwalayo, monga lamulo, amakumana bwinobwino ndi ukalamba (zaka 70 kapena kupitirira).

Momwe mungakulitsire moyo

Kutsatira malamulo ena kumathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse.

• Chitani kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi, kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutsatira zamankhwala zomwe dokotala wakupatsani.
• Osadzisilira. Onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana ndi endocrinologist mankhwala azikhalidwe omwe mukufuna kulowa nawo.
• Tsatirani zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku: kugona kukagona nthawi, kudya kangapo patsiku nthawi imodzi. Onetsetsani kuti menyu muli zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe sizimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi. Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika.
• Osadumphira jakisoni wa insulin. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika makamaka pakulimbikitsidwa ndi katswiri. Katemera pa nthawi yoyenera, mosasamala kanthu komwe muli: kunyumba, kutali kapena mumsewu.
• Pewani kupsinjika ndi mantha. Zinthu izi zimasokoneza thanzi ndipo zimayambitsa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kumva thandizo ndi kumvetsetsa kwa okondedwa. Palibe chifukwa chochitira odwala ngati olumala. Zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera kwa achibale ndikhale wofunitsitsa kuthandizira komanso kuumirira.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa komanso oopsa omwe ali ndi zovuta zake. Komabe, ngati mumatsatira malangizo azachipatala, onetsetsani momwe mumadyera, kusewera masewera, ndiye kuti malingaliro pazomwe akukhala ndi moyo sangathe kukusangalatsani. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kambiri kwa omwe sanataye mtima, koma anagonjetsa matendawa mwachitsanzo chawo ndipo akutsimikizira kuti kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso watali ndimatha.

Amayi ndi amuna angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga

Pafupifupi, matenda a shuga amachepetsa kukhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 5-9,5 poyerekeza ndi odwala amsinkhu womwewo, koma popanda matenda a shuga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gawo lachitatu lokha la odwala limatsatira mokwanira malingaliro a dokotala. Odwala ophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kukhala ndi anzawo ambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa matenda ashuga a 2.

Pa insulin

Mankhwala a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa matenda a shuga 1. Amawerengera odwala kuyambira tsiku loyamba lodziwika. Kuyambika kwa matendawa kumatha kuubwana, unyamata, amathanso kupezeka mwa achinyamata. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti kuwunika koyamba kwa matenda ashuga ndi kowopsa, chifukwa kumalepheretsa kukula koyenera kwa thupi.

Pafupifupi, odwala insulin amakhala zaka pafupifupi 55 kuchokera pamene amayambitsidwa. Nthawi ya kumwalira imatengera momwe wodwalayo amalamulirira molondola kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amadyedwa ndi chakudya ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri.

Ndi muyeso wokhazikika wa shuga wamagazi, kuchepa kwa ufa, mafuta a nyama m'zakudya, kumachotsa zolimbitsa thupi ndi kukana zizolowezi zoipa, ndizotheka kuwonjezera moyo pofika zaka 7-10. Ndikofunikira kuti mawonekedwe ake azifanane kwathunthu ndi anthu athanzi.

Imfa ya matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa anthu akuluakulu imayambitsidwa ndimagulu awiri amomwe amayambitsa - zovuta kuzungulira kwa magazi (kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko), komanso kulephera kwa impso. Zovuta zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mtima, kuchepa kwa magazi. Coronary matenda a mtima (angina pectoris) ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi yotumphukira (encephalopathy) imapangitsanso matenda a matenda a shuga.

Ndipo pali zambiri za gangore mu shuga.

Mankhwala

Mapiritsi ochepetsera shuga amangowonetsedwa mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri. Magawo awiri mwa atatu a odwala amafa ndi matenda a mtima. Poyamba ndi kulephera kwa mtima, kulowetsedwa mwa mtima. Ziwerengero zatsimikizira:

• odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga amafa pafupipafupi pafupifupi 2,
• Anthu amafa,
• ziwengo zaimfa zimakwera kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka 65.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo ndi izi:

• kunenepa kwambiri, kudya kwambiri mafuta, zakudya zamafuta kwambiri, mafuta m'thupi, komanso mafuta am'magazi.
• kuthamanga kwa magazi pamtunda wa 130/90 mm RT. Art.
• kusuta
• kusachita zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira,
• kudziwa matendawa zaka 10,
• kuwonongeka kwa impso (makamaka kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo) ndi retina,
• shuga wamagazi owonjezera 7.8 mmol / l musanadye,
• kuchuluka kwa shuga, hypoglycemic (kuchepa kwa glucose) ndi hyperglycemic (kuchuluka).

Kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kumapangitsa kuti zotupa zakupha.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo mwa ana

Matenda a shuga, omwe amayambika ali mwana, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuchita zovuta kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti chimba m'mimba ndi chamanjenje sichinapangidwebe mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kuzolowera kusowa kwa glucose ndizochepa.

Popeza kulibe gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, matupi a ketone amapanga mwachangu, ndipo acidity ya magazi imachuluka. Ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic ndi hypoglycemic coma ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mwana wa matenda ashuga osakwana zaka 15.

Ndi kuwunika kochepa kwa chithandizo cha makolo, achinyamata nthawi zambiri amataya jakisoni kapena zakudya, samayeza magazi, kuyamba kumwa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusuta fodya, kudya zakudya zosaloledwa. Zonsezi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Kukula kwa mahomoni, kumaliseche, adrenal cortisol kumathandizanso. Ali ndi katundu woyang'anizana ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, chikomokere chimachitika, kuwonongeka kwa impso kumapita patsogolo, zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri, nthawi zina kusintha kosasintha m'thupi.

Ndi chindapusa chokwanira cha matenda ashuga, momwe mwanayo aliri, kukula kwake ndi chiyembekezo chonse chamoyo chofanana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa zaka. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, ndikofunikira kupewa matenda, zodetsa nkhawa, kutsatira malangizo a zakudya ndi chithandizo.

Zaka zingati zomwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga atadulidwa mwendo

Mu kwambiri matenda a shuga mellitus, gangrene wa m'munsi miyendo kapena osteomyelitis (kutupa kwa m'mmafupa ndi mafupa) omwe amalimbana ndi maantibayotiki amatha. Muzochitika izi, kuchotsedwa kwa gawo la mwendo ndiye mwayi wokha wopulumutsa moyo. Popeza pofika zovuta izi, thupi limakhala ndi zosokoneza zambiri, zolosera zake zimakhala zowopsa.

Zaka ziwiri zoyambirira ndikudula zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuchira. Munthawi imeneyi, ambiri mwa matenda a mtima (thrombosis, blockage of the pulmonary artery, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko), komanso kufalikira kwa matendawa, amawerengedwa. Potsirizira pake, kulowetsedwa kwa ma virus m'magazi ndikutheka - sepsis. Ndi kukula kwamavuto otere, matendawa ndi osauka.

Komanso, chifukwa cha kuchiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa bala la postoperative, kuchepa kwake, magazi otseguka, kubisala mosavomerezeka, kungafunike opareshoni yachiwiri. M'malo mwake, kuduladula mwendo kwambiri kumachitika. Ngati atalandira chithandizo cha opaleshoni palibe zovuta, ndipo wodwalayo amaphunzitsidwa kudziyang'anira yekha shuga, ndiye kuti mwayi wopulumuka ndiwambiri.

Kodi ndizotheka kukhala opanda chithandizo

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba amawonongeka chifukwa cha kutupa kwa autoimmune. Insulini siyipangidwa kapena yaying'ono kwambiri pakuyamwa kwa chakudya chamafuta. Pankhaniyi, ndizosatheka popanda jakisoni wa mahomoni. Ketoacidosis imayamba, ndipo patatha masiku 1-5 imayamba kusokonekera. Wodwalayo sazindikira, kupuma mwamphamvu komanso kopanda phokoso, fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Popanda chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa, zimachitika.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mumapezeka insulini m'magazi, koma maselo satha kuzimva. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, mapiritsi amafunika omwe amathandizira kuyamwa kwa shuga. Mavuto samachitika msanga monga mtundu 1 wa anthu ashuga. Pakuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, chikomokere chimayamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose, kapangidwe ka khoma lamasamba kamasintha.

Izi zimabweretsa:

• stroke, kugunda kwamtima,
• zigawenga zam'munsi zokhala ndi sepsis,
• matenda ashuga nephropathy ndi aimpso kulephera.

Izi zitha kuchititsa kuti wodwalayo afe msanga. Popanda chithandizo, kapena ngati sichikuchitika molondola, kuwonongeka kwa retina kumachitika, ndikuwopseza khungu, kuwonongeka kwa minofu yamtima ndikulephera kwazungulira.

Onani vidiyo yokhudza momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda ashuga:

Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wonse wa mankhwala. Kuti muwonetsetse kutsimikizika kwa lingaliro ili kwa onse odwala matenda ashuga, ndikokwanira kuti wodwalayo amayeze shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu, maola awiri atatha kudya, asanagone, werengani ndi glycated hemoglobin.

Popanda chithandizo, sangakhalebe ndi matenda amtundu 1, ndipo chachiwiri pamakhala mwayi wokhawo wokhala ndi matenda omwe angopezeka kumene.Ngati mutsatira zakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, odwala angapo amatha kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwalawa. Izi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimachepetsa kufa kwa matenda ashuga

Zotsatira zamaphunziro pazakukhudzidwa kwa zinthu panjira ya matendawa ndi zotsatira zake, zinali zotheka kudziwa tanthauzo lake losiyana.

Zakhazikitsidwa kuti chiopsezo cha kufa msanga chimachepetsedwa ndi:

• pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kwa mankhwala omwe atengedwa,
• kugwiritsa ntchito antiplatelet agents (Aspirin, Plavix) kuti muchepetse magazi,
• kusungabe kuthamanga kwa magazi pamlingo wa 120-125 / 80-85 mm RT. Art. kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa,
• kugwiritsa ntchito kwa angiotensin-kutembenuza enzyme (lisinopril, prestarium) kapena angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (Teveten, Lorista, Mikardis),
• zolimbitsa insulin makonzedwe (nthawi 1-2 pa tsiku ndi kufupikitsa mpaka theka la ola musanadye),
• Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi metformin,
• kuwonda pang'ono.

Zowonadi zina zapezedwa zomwe zimasankhidwa kuti ndizotsutsana; zimafunikira kufufuza kwina. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa 75 ml ya vinyo wofiira wouma patsiku ndi makapu awiri a khofi wopangidwa anali otsika kuposa omwe anali pagululi chifukwa chosakhalapo menyu. Komanso, kuwonjezeka pang'ono pa milingo ya zakumwa izi kunali ndi vuto lililonse.

Ndipo izi ndizokhudza kukhudzidwa kwa matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga amachepetsa kukhala ndi moyo. Poyamba pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi (matenda a mtima, stroke, gangrene ya malekezero), kulephera kwaimpso chifukwa cha nephropathy. Mu ana aang'ono, zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika ndi ketoacidotic ndi hypoglycemic coma. Ndikudula miyendo, zaka ziwiri zoyambirira zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndikunyalanyaza chisamaliro cha matenda a shuga.

Matenda monga shuga mellitus mwa akazi amatha kupezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a kupsinjika, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi ludzu, kukodza kwambiri, kutulutsa. Koma matenda ashuga, ngakhale atatha zaka 50, amatha kubisika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zili m'magazi, momwe mungapewere. Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga?

Ngakhale nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 1% ya odwala amakhala ndi matenda oopsa a shuga. Imayenda m'magawo, yotetezeka ndiye yoyamba, zosintha zala zisinthanso. Litha kukhala louma komanso lonyowa. Chithandizo chamankhwala cham'munsi chofunikira chikufunika. Nthawi zina, kudula kokha kungapulumutse. Ndi angati akukhala ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi gangrene? Kodi matendawa ndi otani?

Kulephera ndi matenda a shuga kumapangidwa, kutali ndi odwala onse. Apatseni, ngati pali vuto lodzithandiza nokha, mutha kulipeza ndi kuyenda kochepa. Kuchotsedwa kwa ana, ngakhale ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, ndi kotheka pazaka za 14. Gulu liti ndipo amalembetsa kuti?

Kuti mumvetsetse mitundu ya shuga yomwe ilipo, kudziwa kusiyana kwawo kungakhale molingana ndi zomwe munthu amatenga - amadalira insulin kapena pamapiritsi. Ndi mtundu uti wowopsa kwambiri?

Ngati wodwala ali ndi cholecystitis ndi matenda a shuga nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyambiranso kudya, ngati matenda oyambawo atakula. Zomwe zimachitika zimagona mu insulin yowonjezera, uchidakwa komanso ena. Ngati pachimake kuwerengetsa kwambiri cholecystitis kwayamba ndi matenda a shuga, kungafunike opaleshoni.

Kodi matendawa amachokera kuti?

Kusiyana pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikochepa: m'magawo onse awiri, shuga ya magazi imakwera. Koma zifukwa zomwe izi zimachitikira. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, matenda a chitetezo cha m'thupi, komanso maselo a kapamba amayesedwa ngati ndi achilendo.

Mwanjira ina, kusatetemera kwanu “kumapha” chiwalo. Izi zimayambitsa kusayenda bwino kwa kapamba ndi kuchepa kwa insulin.

Vutoli limadziwika ndi ana komanso achinyamata ndipo amatchedwa kuperewera kwambiri kwa insulin. Kwa odwala oterowo, jakisoni wa insulin amapatsidwa moyo.

Ndizosatheka kutchula chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, koma asayansi ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amavomereza kuti idatengera.

Zina zomwe zimakonzedweratu ndi izi:

1. Kupsinjika Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amakula mwa ana atatha kusudzulana ndi makolo awo.
2. Matenda a ma virus - fuluwenza, chikuku, rubella ndi ena.
3. Matenda enanso mahomoni m'thupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusowa kwa insulini kumachitika.

Amayamba motere:

1. Maselo amataya insulin.
2. Glucose sangalowe mwa iwo ndipo samangokhala wosadziwika m'magazi ambiri.
3. Pakadali pano, maselo amapereka chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti sanalandire insulin.
4. Zikondazo zimayamba kutulutsa insulini yambiri, koma maselo sawazindikira.

Chifukwa chake, zimapezeka kuti kapamba amapanga insulin yachilendo kapena yowonjezera, koma samamwetsa, ndipo glucose m'magazi amakula.

Zifukwa zofala izi:

• moyo wolakwika
• kunenepa
• zizolowezi zoipa.

Odwala oterewa amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amasintha mphamvu ya khungu. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunika kuti achepetse kulemera kwawo mwachangu momwe angathere. Nthawi zina kutsika kwa ma kilogalamu ochepa kumathandiza kuti wodwalayo akhale bwino.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Asayansi apeza kuti amuna omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi zaka 12, ndipo akazi azaka 20.

Komabe, ziwerengero tsopano zimatipatsa deta ina. Kutalika kwa zaka zomwe odwala ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 akwera mpaka zaka 70.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwala amakono opanga mankhwala amakono amakhala ndi zotupa za insulin ya anthu. Pa insulini yotere, kuchuluka kwa moyo kumachuluka.

Palinso njira zambiri zothandizira kudziletsa. Awa ndi ma glucometer osiyanasiyana, mizere yoyesera yodziwira ma ketones ndi shuga mumkodzo, pampu ya insulin.

Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa nthawi zonse shuga m'magazi amakhudza ziwalo za "chandamale".

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• maso
• impso
• zotengera ndi mitsempha ya m'munsi yam'munsi.

Mavuto akulu obwera ndi chilema ndi:

1. Kubwezeretsanso kwina.
2. Kulephera kwa impso.
3. Matumbo a miyendo.
4. Hypoglycemic coma ndi mkhalidwe womwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amatsika kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha jakisoni wosayenera wa insulin kapena kulephera kudya. Zotsatira za kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic zitha kukhala imfa.
5. Hyperglycemic kapena ketoacidotic chikomachi ndiofala. Zifukwa zake ndikukana jakisoni wa insulin, kuphwanya malamulo azakudya. Ngati mtundu woyamba wa chikomokere umathandizidwa ndi njira ya 40% ya shuga ndipo wodwalayo amadzazindikira yomweyo, ndiye kuti kudwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Matupi a Ketone amakhudza thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo ubongo.

Kutuluka kwa zovuta zovuta izi kumafupikitsa moyo nthawi zina. Wodwala ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kukana insulin ndi njira yotsimikizika yofera.

Munthu yemwe amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi, amasewera masewera ndikutsatira zakudya, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wokhutiritsa.

Zoyambitsa kufa

Anthu samafa ndi matenda omwewo, imfa imabwera chifukwa cha zovuta zake.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 80% ya milandu, odwala amafa chifukwa cha zovuta ndi mtima. Matendawa ndi monga kugunda kwa mtima, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arrhythmias.

Choyambitsa chotsatira cha imfa ndi sitiroko.

Choyambitsa chachitatu chomwe chimatsogolera ndikuphedwa ndi gangren. Mafuta ochulukirapo nthawi zonse amatsogolera kuti magazi azisokonekera komanso kuti malo otsika azikhala ochepa. Chilonda chilichonse, chaching'ono, chimatha kuthandizira komanso kukhudza dzanja. Nthawi zina ngakhale kuchotsedwa kwa gawo la miyendo sikumabweretsa kusintha. Mashuga apamwamba amalepheretsa bala kuti ichiritse, ndipo imayambanso kuvunda.

Chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa munthu kufa ndi matenda a hypoglycemic.

Tsoka ilo, anthu omwe satsatira malangizo a dokotala samakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Mphoto ya Jocelyn

Mu 1948, a Elliot Proector Joslin, a American endocrinologist, adakhazikitsa mendulo ya Victory. Adapatsidwa odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi zaka 25 zodziwa.

Mu 1970, panali anthu ambiri otere, chifukwa mankhwala adapita patsogolo, njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake zidawonekera.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake utsogoleri wa Dzhoslinsky Diabetes Center adaganiza zodalitsa odwala matenda ashuga omwe akhala ndi matendawa kwa zaka 50 kapena kupitilira.

Izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndikupambana kwambiri. Kuyambira 1970, mphothoyi yalandira anthu 4,000 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. 40 mwa iwo amakhala ku Russia.

Mu 1996, mphotho yatsopano idakhazikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zaka 75 zodziwa. Zikuwoneka ngati zosatheka, koma ndi za anthu 65 padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo mu 2013, a Jocelyn Center adalandira mayi Spencer Wallace, yemwe wakhala ndi matenda ashuga kwa zaka 90.

Kodi ndingakhale ndi ana?

Nthawi zambiri funsoli limafunsidwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba. Popeza adwala ali mwana kapena achinyamata, odwala omwewo komanso abale awo sakhala ndi chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi moyo wathunthu.

Amuna, okhala ndi chidziwitso cha matendawa kwa zaka zopitilira 10, nthawi zambiri amadandaula za kuchepa kwa potency, kusapezeka kwa umuna m'mabisidwe achinsinsi. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga wambiri amakhudza matendawa am'mitsempha, zomwe zimakhudza kuphwanya magazi m'magazi.

Funso lotsatira ndilakuti ngati mwana wobadwa kwa makolo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azikhala ndi matendawa. Palibe yankho lenileni la funsoli. Matendawa pawokha sapereka kwa mwana. Amatha kudziwa zam'tsogolo.

Mwanjira ina, mothandizidwa ndi zina zakunyinyirika, mwana akhoza kudwala matenda a shuga. Amakhulupirira kuti chiopsezo chotenga matendawa nchachikulu ngati bambo ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, msambo umayamba kusokonekera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukhala woyembekezera ndi kovuta kwambiri. Kuphwanya maziko a mahomoni kumabweretsa kubala. Koma ngati wodwala amene ali ndi matenda opunduka, zimavuta kutenga pakati.

Njira ya kubereka pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga ndi yovuta. Mzimayi amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi shuga amkati ndi acetone mkodzo wake. Kutengera ndi trimester ya mimba, mlingo wa insulin umasintha.

Mu trimester yoyamba, imachepa, kenako imakula kwambiri kangapo ndipo kumapeto kwa mimba mlingo umatsanso. Mayi woyembekezera azisunga shuga. Mitengo yapamwamba imatsogolera ku fetal diabetesic fetopathy.

Ana kuchokera kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amabadwa ndi kulemera kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri ziwalo zawo zimagwira ntchito, mwana amazindikira kuti ndi mtima. Pofuna kupewa kubadwa kwa mwana wodwala, mkazi ayenera kukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati, nthawi yonseyo imawonedwa ndi endocrinologist ndi gynecologist. Kangapo m'miyezi 9 mkazi ayenera kuchipatala mu dipatimenti ya endocrinology kuti asinthe mlingo wa insulin.

Kupereka kwa amayi odwala kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la cesarean. Kubadwa kwachilengedwe sikuloledwa kwa odwala chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kutaya magazi kwa retinal panthawi yovutikira.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji osangalala ndi matenda ashuga?

Mtundu 1 umakula, monga lamulo, muubwana kapena unyamata. Makolo a ana oterewa adadzidzimuka, kuyesa kupeza ochiritsa kapena zitsamba zamatsenga zomwe zingathandize kuchiritsa matenda awa. Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala ochiritsa matendawa. Kuti mumvetsetse izi, muyenera kungoganiza: chitetezo cha mthupi "chapha" maselo a kapamba, ndipo thupi silitulutsanso insulini.

Ochiritsa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba sangathandize kubwezeretsa thupi ndikupangitsa kuti hormone yofunikira ikhalenso yofunikira. Makolo muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti palibe chifukwa chothana ndi matendawa, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungakhalirebe ndi matenda.

Nthawi yoyamba atazindikira m'mutu wa makolo ndi mwana mwiniyo adzakhala chidziwitso chochuluka:

• kuwerengedwa kwamoto wama mkate ndi mndandanda wa glycemic,
• kuwerengetsa kolondola kwa mankhwala a insulin,
• chakudya chabwino ndi cholakwika.

Musaope nazo zonsezi. Kuti achikulire ndi ana amve bwino, banja lonse liyenera kupita kusukulu ya matenda ashuga.

Ndipo kenako kunyumba khalani ndi zolemba zodziletsa, zomwe zingasonyeze:

• chakudya chilichonse
• jakisoni wopangidwa
• shuga m'magazi
• Zizindikiro za acetone mkodzo.

Kanema kuchokera kwa Dr. Komarovsky onena za matenda a shuga kwa ana:

Makolo sayenera kuletsa mwana wawo mnyumbamo: kumuletsa kukumana ndi abwenzi, kuyenda, kupita kusukulu. Kuti muthandizike m'banjamo, muyenera kukhala mutasindikiza magome amiyeso ya mkate ndi mndandanda wamatumbo Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugula masikelo apakhitchini omwe mungawerengere mosavuta kuchuluka kwa XE mu mbale.

Nthawi iliyonse shuga akamatuluka kapena kugwa, mwana ayenera kukumbukira zomwe akumva. Mwachitsanzo, shuga wambiri amatha kupweteketsa mutu kapena pakamwa pouma. Ndi shuga wotsika, thukuta, manja akunjenjemera, kumverera kwanjala. Kukumbukila izi kumathandizira mwana mtsogolo kuzindikira tsogolo lake popanda glucometer.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kulandira thandizo kuchokera kwa makolo. Ayenera kuthandiza mwana kuthetsa mavutowo limodzi. Achibale, abwenzi komanso anzanu, aphunzitsi amasukulu - aliyense ayenera kudziwa za kukhalapo kwa matenda mwa mwana.

Izi ndizofunikira kuti pachitika ngozi, mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, anthu amuthandize.

Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala moyo wonse:

• pitani kusukulu
• khalani ndi abwenzi
• kuyenda
• kusewera masewera.

Pokhapokha pokhapokha amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kuzindikiritsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 kumapangidwa ndi anthu okalamba, kotero cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa thupi, kukana zizolowezi zoyipa, zakudya zoyenera.

Kutsatira malamulo onse kumakupatsani mwayi kulipira matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali pokhapokha mutamwa mapiritsi. Kupanda kutero, insulin imayikidwa mwachangu, zovuta zimayamba mwachangu kwambiri. Moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga umangodalira iye ndi banja lake. Matenda a shuga si chiganizo koma njira ya moyo.

Chiwopsezo chake ndi chiani?

Ngati matenda ashuga amakhudza machitidwe a thupi, choyambirira komanso champhamvu kwambiri chimakhala kapamba - izi zimadziwika ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse. Zotsatira zake, zovuta zina zimachitika m'ntchito ya chiwalochi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa mapangidwe a insulin - timadzi tambiri tambiri tokhala ndi puloteni timene timafunika kunyamula shuga m'maselo a thupi, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri.

Pankhani ya "kuzimiririka" kwa kapamba, shuga amalowerera m'madzi am'magazi, ndipo machitidwe samalandira recharge yovomerezeka kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito, amabweza shuga m'magulu osagwira ntchito a thupi, omwe pamapeto pake amayamba kutsika ndi chiwonongeko.

Matenda a shuga amaphatikizika ndi zotupa zotsatirazi:

• Mtima wam'thupi ukukulirakulira
• Pali zovuta ndi gawo la endocrine,
• Masomphenya akutsikira
• Chiwindi sichitha kugwira bwino ntchito.

Ngati chithandizo sichinayambike munthawi yake, ndiye kuti matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi thupi lonse. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chakufupika kwakanthawi kochepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wamatenda poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ma pathologies ena.

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti moyo wonse wamtsogolo udzasinthidwa kwambiri - muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe sanatengedwe kuti ndi ofunika asanayambike matendawa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngati simutsatira malangizo a dotolo, omwe cholinga chake ndi kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi, pamapeto pake zovuta zambiri zimakhudza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Muyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti kuyambira wazaka 25, thupi limayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, koma mosalephera limayamba kukalamba.Zomwe zimachitika posachedwa zimatengera mawonekedwe a munthu aliyense, koma mulimonsemo, matenda ashuga amathandizira kwambiri njira zowonongeka, kusokoneza maselo obwezeretsanso maselo.

Chifukwa chake, matendawa amapanga zifukwa zokwanira zolimbitsa matenda opha ziwalo ndi gangore - zovuta zotere nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa imfa. Mukazindikira matenda awa, nthawi yamoyo imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zamakono zochizira, ndizotheka kukhalabe ndizolimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi, koma kumapeto thupi sizingathe kupirira.

Malinga ndi machitidwe a matendawa, mankhwala amakono akusanthula mitundu iwiri ya shuga. Iliyonse mwazomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera komanso zovuta zake, motero muyenera kuzidziwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga: kuchuluka kwake momwe mungakhalire

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amatchedwanso insulin, chifukwa munthu amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse moyo wonse. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yamoyo ya mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga imadalira makamaka momwe munthu angakhazikitsire chakudya chake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa mankhwala ofunikira ndikuchita insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, ukazindikira kuti wapezeka ndi matenda, mutha kukhala ndi moyo osachepera zaka makumi atatu. Munthawi imeneyi, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a mtima ndi impso, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri chiyembekezo chamoyo ndipo amatsogolera kuimfa.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira kuti amadwala matenda amtundu woyamba asanakwane zaka 30. Chifukwa chake, ngati mumatsatira molondola malingaliro onse a dokotala ndikuwongolera moyo wathanzi, mutha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 60.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, m'zaka zaposachedwa, nthawi yayitali ya matenda ashuga 1 yawonjezeka mpaka zaka 70 kapena kuposerapo. Anthu otere amasiyanitsidwa ndikuti amadya molondola, amatanganidwa ndi thanzi lawo, musaiwale kuwongolera zikwangwani zamagazi ndikumwa mankhwala.

Ngati titenga ziwerengero zomwe zikuwoneka, ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi anthu angati aamuna kapena akazi omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti zinthu zina zitha kudziwika. Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa moyo kumatsika ndi zaka 12, ndipo mwa akazi pofika zaka 20. Komabe, ndizosatheka kunena ndendende kuchuluka komwe mungakhale ndi matenda a shuga 1. popeza zonse zimatengera momwe thupi limakhalira komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa. Pakadali pano. Malinga ndi madokotala, munthu amatha kuwonjezera chiyembekezo chamoyo. ngati azisamalira ndi thanzi lake.

Amabala

Malinga ndi ziwonetsero, pafupifupi anthu 627,00 wazaka 20-99 adamwalira ndi matenda ashuga ku Europe mu 2015. Pafupifupi kotala limodzi lokha la iwo (26.3%) ndi omwe adakwanitsa zaka 60. Zizindikiro zotere sizosiyana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba.

Imfa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga mu 2015

Izi zikutanthauza kuti pazifukwa zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi anthu omwewo amafa popanda matenda ashuga. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikukula kwabwino kwa mankhwala komanso kupezeka kwa mankhwala othandizira. Tsoka ilo, zigawo zikadalirabe mdziko lapansi, ngakhale masiku ano, ndizovuta kupeza insulini ndikuwongolera shuga.

Amadziwika kuti amuna amadwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kuposa azimayi. Komabe, amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'maiko ena ku Europe amakhala ndi moyo wautali poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe alibe insulini. Mwambiri, kupezeka kwa matendawa kumawalimbikitsa kupita kwa dokotala, kukayezetsa ndi kumwa mankhwala.

Malinga ndi ziwonetserozo, imfa za akazi ndizochulukirapo kuposa amuna (315,000 ndi 312,000, motsatana).

Imfa chifukwa cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Europe

Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa azimayi ambiri amakhala motalikirapo komanso mochulukira.

Tiyeni tiyambire ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Monga lamulo, zimachitika mwa anthu atatha zaka 45 omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kumangokhala. Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, odwala otere samafa kawirikawiri, ndipo mikwingwirima ndi matenda a mtima zimachitika kangapo kangapo. Matenda a shuga ndi maziko omwe matenda omwe alipo kale akuipa kwambiri.

Pomwe 1 kg imodzi itayika mwa wodwala wonenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi kudzachepa ndipo chiyembekezo chamoyo chiziwonjezeka ndi miyezi 3-4. Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri akhazikitsidwa posachedwa, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwamakilogalamu 10 kumathandizira shuga m'magazi mu milandu 50%.

Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga sungasokoneze kuchuluka kwa moyo mwanjira iliyonse ngati watsimikizika munthawi yake, chithandizo choyenera chimaperekedwa, ndipo wodwalayo amachita zonse.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, mwanjira ina, shuga wodalira insulin, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda omwe amaperekedwa pochiritsa moyenera. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa matendawa, muyenera:

• Tsatirani zakudya zabwino
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi mwadongosolo,
• Imwani mankhwala ofunikira
• Muzipita insulini.

Komabe, ngakhale ndi njira zingapo zamankhwala ndikukhazikitsanso, funso loti ndi zaka zingati 1 odwala matenda ashuga akukhala ndi matenda ashuga akadali othandizabe.

Ndi matenda apanthawi yake, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi insulini chitha kupitirira zaka 30 kuyambira pomwe matendawa apezeka. Munthawi imeneyi, wodwalayo amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana amthupi omwe amakhudza mtima ndi impso, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira kuti munthu akhale wathanzi.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira kuti amadwala ndi mtundu woyamba kwambiri - asanakwanitse zaka 30. Chifukwa chake, pokhapokha pazofunikira zonse, wodwala ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kuti azitha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino wazaka 60.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, m'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi moyo zaka 70, ndipo nthawi zina chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba.

Zochita za anthu otere zimangodalira chakudya choyenera chatsiku ndi tsiku. Amathera nthawi yochulukirapo ku thanzi lawo, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ofunikira.

Ngati tilingalira ziwerengero wamba, titha kunena kuti pali mitundu ina kutengera mtundu wa wodwalayo. Mwachitsanzo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mwa abambo chimachepetsedwa ndi zaka 12. Koma akazi, kupezeka kwawo kukuchepa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu - pafupifupi zaka 20.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ziwerengero zenizeni sizinganenedwe nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa zambiri zimatengera momwe thupi limakhalira komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Koma akatswiri onse amati nthawi yomwe apatsidwa kuti adziwe matendawa imadalira momwe munthu amadziwonera yekha ndi momwe aliri.

Type 2 shuga

Funso la kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2 sangayankhidwe mosagwirizana, chifukwa izi zimatengera nthawi yovumbulutsa matendawa komanso kutha kusintha moyo wawo watsopano.

M'malo mwake, zoopsa zake sizikhala chifukwa cha matenda omwe, koma kuchokera pazovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa. Ponena mwachindunji momwe munthu angakhalire ndi zotupa zotere, malinga ndi ziwerengero, mwayi wofika paukalamba ndi wocheperapo ndi 1.6 kuposa kwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zaka zaposachedwa zabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu ku njira zamankhwala, kotero, kufa kwa nthawi ino kwatsika kwambiri.

Mwachiwonekere, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga chimakonzedwa makamaka ndi zoyesayesa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe amatsatira chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikitsidwa komanso kukonza, zinthu zimasintha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Chifukwa chake, musakhale ndi mantha, monga ma endocrinologists amawona malingaliro osalimbikitsa ngati chida chokha chothandizira kukulitsa matenda: nkhawa, kupsinjika, kupsinjika - zonsezi zimathandizira kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa vutolo ndikupanga zovuta zazikulu.

Ndi zovuta zomwe zili pamenepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuwopsa kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, magawo atatu a anthu omwe amamwalira ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi chifukwa cha dongosolo la mtima. Chilichonse chimafotokozedwa mophweka: magazi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose, amakhala viscous ndi wandiweyani, kotero mtima umakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri. Mavuto otsatirawa ayenera kuganiziridwanso:

• Chiwopsezo cha mikwingwirima ndi matenda a mtima achulukitsidwa,
• Impso zimakhudzidwa, chifukwa chomwe satha kuthana ndi ntchito yawo yofunika,
• Mafuta a hepatosis amapangidwa - kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka metabolic m'maselo. Pambuyo pake imasandulika kukhala hepatitis ndi cirrhosis,
• Kulimbitsa minofu, kufooka kwambiri, kukokana komanso kuwonongeka.
• Matendawa omwe amapezeka kumbuyo kwa kuvulala kwamapazi kapena zotupa za bowa,
• Kuwonongeka kwa retina - retinopathy - kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwathunthu,

Mwachiwonekere, zovuta zotere ndizovuta kuzilamulira komanso kuchiza, motero ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti njira zodzitetezera zimatengedwa kuti akhale athanzi.

Momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a shuga

Kuti muwonjezere mwayi wokhala ndi ukalamba, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Zambiri zimafunikanso momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba.

Makamaka, zochitika zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa zomwe zimathandizira kukulira kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo:

• Muyezo wa tsiku ndi tsiku shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• Imwani mankhwala
• Tsatirani zakudya
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi mopepuka
• Pewani kupanikizika ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa kupsinjika pakumwalira koyambirira - kuthana nawo, thupi limatulutsa mphamvu zomwe ziyenera kupita kukakumana ndi matendawa.

Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe kupezeka kwa zinthu zoterezi, timalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti muphunzire kuthana ndi zovuta zina zilizonse - izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse nkhawa komanso kupsinjika kwa malingaliro.

Zofunika kudziwa:

• Mantha omwe amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amangokulitsa zinthu,
• Nthawi zina munthu amatha kuyamba kumwa mankhwala ambiri. Koma mankhwala osokoneza bongo oopsa kwambiri - angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakuthwa,
• Kudzichitira nokha mankhwala sikovomerezeka. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kokha ku shuga, komanso zovuta zake,
• Mafunso onse okhudza matendawa ayenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Chifukwa chake, choyambirira, wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kungogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti njira zodzitetezera zimatengedwa popewa zovuta. Chinsinsi cha izi ndi zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala amaletsa zakudya, kupatula zakudya zochepa kapena zonenepa kwambiri, zotsekemera, zokometsera komanso zosuta.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mutsatira nthawi zonse zoikidwa kwa akatswiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera nthawi yayitali.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga a 2?

Nthawi zambiri umatha kumva: -"Matenda a shuga ndi otani? Ndikumva bwino. Ndinangopita ku chipatala kuti andithandize, kenako shuga "inatuluka".

"Kunenepa kwambiri?" Inde, ndili ndi zaka 20 tsopano, ndipo zili bwino! ”

Kulingalira koteroko nkofala kwa munthu amene safuna kuvomereza kuti ali ndi mavuto ndipo ayenera kusamalira thanzi lake. Komabe, zosungirako zamthupi sizikhala zopanda malire. Posachedwa, kagayidweko kangasokonekere mwadzidzidzi, komwe kudzawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika, cholesterol ndi glucose wamagazi.

Matenda a shuga akuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• kuyang'anira mosalekeza misempha yamagazi,
• kulimbitsa thupi
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kuyang'anira cholesterol.

Magazi amawongolera

Pa magawo oyamba a matenda ashuga, pamene dokotala amasankha mtundu wa mankhwala, shuga wa magazi amawayeza mpaka maulendo a 4-6 patsiku, zizindikiritso zikatha kudya zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ziyang'aniridwa. Madzi akakhala kuti akhazikika, ndikokwanira kuyeza shuga kawiri pa tsiku, kusinthanitsa miyeso pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Zachidziwikire, kudziletsa pakhomo ndikokwera mtengo. Komabe, chowonadi chotsimikizika ndikuti kupindulitsa kwambiri kudzigulira nokha kuyambira pachiyambi cha matenda kuposa kuthana ndi zovuta za matendawa.

Kuchepetsa thupi

Zakudya zabwino zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

Kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda osachiritsika. Sitha kuchiritsidwa m'miyezi iwiri. Kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa thupi ndi 5-10% ya koyamba kwa miyezi 3-6.

Kupsinjika kwa magazi ndi kuwongolera kwa cholesterol

Ngati mphamvu zasintha, magawo omwe awonetsedwa nawonso adzasintha. Komabe, kupanikizika kuyenera kuyesedwa pakuyendera kulikonse kwa dokotala. Ngati kuchuluka - tsiku ndi tsiku.

Pali zolakwika zingapo ndi cholesterol:

• "Mafuta ophikira alibe mafuta m'thupi, motero amatha kuwonongeka mopanda malire." Ndipo zopatsa mphamvu zamasamba sizochepa kuposa zonona.
• - "Mtedza, njere zimatha kudyedwa pakati pazinthu, poyang'ana TV, chifukwa ichi si chakudya". Onse mbewu ndi mtedza ndi chakudya. Ayenera kukumbukiridwa mu zakudya zamasiku onse, chifukwa zimakhala ndizambiri zamafuta ndi zopatsa mphamvu.

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi shuga yodalira matenda a shuga?

Yankho lake silikudziwika bwino ngati mtundu wa 2 shuga. Ndipo izi sizimalumikizana ndi kuwoneka bwino kwamatenda, koma ndi kusayembekezeka kwake mwadzidzidzi, ndi kusakonzekera kwake.

Zaka zambiri zapitazo, katswiri wotchuka wa endocrin, Eliot Joslin, anati: "Kuchepetsa maphunziro ndi ngozi monga kusowa kwa insulini."

Kugwiritsa ntchito moyo wake wonse kuchiritsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, mu 1948 adapereka mtengo, womwe amalandila odwala omwe anali ndi matenda a zaka 25 kapena kupitilira. Mphoto ngati imeneyo ndi umboni wopambana polimbana ndi matendawa.

Mwamwayi, kuchuluka kwa akatswiri azachipatala kunali kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo patatha zaka 22 (mu 1970) adaganiza zodzalandira mendulo kwa iwo omwe akhala ndi matenda ashuga kwa zaka zoposa 50.

Mendulo za zokumana nazo matendawa

Mendulo yoyamba ikuwonetsa munthu yemwe ali ndi nyali ndi siginecha: "Kupambana kwa munthu ndi mankhwala", yachiwiri - "Kwa zaka 50 olimba mtima ndi matenda a shuga."

Mendulo ya zaka 50 za moyo wokhala ndi matenda a shuga idalandiridwa ndi anthu opitilira 4000 m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Russia (lero kuli anthu ngati 40).

Mu 1996, kusankha kwatsopano kunapangidwa - mphotho ya zaka 75 za moyo ndi matenda ashuga. Mdziko lapansi pali anthu 65 omwe ali ndi mendulo.

Ndipo mu 2013, mendulo ya zaka 80 za moyo wokhala ndi matenda a shuga idalandiridwa, idalandiridwa ndi munthu m'modzi yekha.

Zachidziwikire kuti insulin idapangidwa zaka zoposa 90 zapitazo, koma kodi tingayerekezere ndi mankhwala amakono? Ku Russia zaka 10 mpaka 15 zapitazo, nkhumba zosungira nkhumba ndi ma syringe obwezeretsanso zinagwiritsidwabe ntchito. Zinali zosatheka kuyendetsa shuga m'magazi ndi glucometer yachilendo masiku ano.

Kukhala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi Jocelyn Medal ndiye umboni wabwino kwambiri kuti matenda a shuga si chiganizo, koma njira ya moyo.Pakanakhala zochulukitsa zochulukirapo ngati sikukakamizidwa kupereka zikalata zoyambirira zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, kutsimikizira zomwe zidatichitikira matendawa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto.

Chifukwa chake, aliyense amasankha payekha kukhala ndi insulin. Ngakhale mutasiya jakisoni kwathunthu (yemwe kwathunthu sangathe kuchita !!), malo osungirako thupi atha kukhala zaka 1-1,5. Pakadali pano, ziwalo zonse zidzasintha, kenako chikomokere chimayamba.

Anthu onse amazindikira izi mosiyanasiyana, koma zimalumikizana bwino ndi matenda ashuga monga mbali ya thupi, yowonekera mwa munthu.

Momwe mungaphunzirire kukhala ndi matenda ashuga?

Ndikofunikira kudutsa magawo angapo:

1. Kudziwitsa. Aliyense amadutsa pamavuto mpaka kukhumudwa mpaka kukonzanso. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti masiku ano palibe njira yoletsa matendawa. Palibe amene anganene kuti mtundu 1 wa shuga wafika.
2. Kuzindikira dziko latsopano. Munthu angaganize kuti chilichonse chomwe chimachitika ndimasewera pomwe malamulo ndi zofunikira kudya, zida ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Ma bonasi owonjezera - ntchito yokhazikika pamasewera omwe mumakonda. Pabedi limodzi, mumasewera nthawi zonse.
3. Kuphunzitsa. Pano mwambiwu ndi woyenera bwino kwambiri: "Ngati mukufuna kuchita bwino, zichiteni nokha." Ndikofunikira kutenga maphunziro kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe, chifukwa wodwalayo payekha ayenera kuthana ndi kayendedwe ka matendawa.

M'mayiko omwe odwala amakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mwachipambano, adokotala amangogwira zamaphunziro komanso kupatula mayeso. Odwala pawokha amayang'ana shuga wa magazi, sankhani kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi chakudya.

Mankhwala a insulin ndiye njira yokhayo yodalirika ya matenda a shuga 1. M'malo mwake, izi ndizosintha m'malo mwa kusowa kwa mahomoni.

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo:

1. Palibe zizindikiro kapena zosasangalatsa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
2. Thanzi labwino.
3. Kukula mwachizolowezi ndi chitukuko.
4. Kutha msanga ndi ubale ndi anzawo.
5. Sukulu yabwinobwino komanso moyo waluso.
6. Moyo wabanja wabwinobwino, kuphatikizapo mwayi wokhala ndi pakati.
7. Kupewa mochedwa zovuta.

Nkhani zotsatirazi zitha kukhala umboni wa moyo wautali komanso wopambana ndi matenda ashuga.

Holly mabulosi

Wotchuka wotchuka Holly Berry. Ali ndi zaka 23, adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Koma izi sizinamulepheretse kuchita nawo masewera mu mafilimu opitilira 50, kuti alandire mphoto zapamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikizapo Oscars ndi Golden Globes.

Mu 2010, kwa nthawi ya 14, anali pamndandanda wa People Magazine Otchuka Kwambiri 2010.

Ali ndi zaka 51, Holly amavomereza kuti matenda ake adakhala chipulumutso chake. Anayamba kusamalira thanzi lake, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Edson Arantis do Nascimento, wodziwika mdziko lapansi ngati Pele

Ngakhale ali ndi zaka 13, anapezeka ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

Pele amatenga malo oyamba pamndandanda wa osewera akulu kwambiri pa mpira wa XX malinga ndi magazini ya World Soccer, osewera wazaka zam'tsogolo malinga ndi IOC, wosewera wazaka malinga ndi FIFA.

Anayamba nkhani yake ndi matenda ashuga kuposa zaka 60 zapitazo pomwe insulini idalibe.

Zakudya zoopsa komanso masewera anali ochiritsira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.

Wosewera waku America komanso wopanga Tom Hanks ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Kwa zaka zingapo asanatulukire, anali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, koma ochita masewerowa sanapereke chidwi ndi izi.

Wogulitsayo adapeza mapaundi owonjezera, ndipo izi zidathandizira kukulitsa matendawa.

Tom Hanks adataya 22,5 kg., Komabe, izi sizinali zokwanira.

Wochita seweroli sanataye mtima, ndikugogomezera kuti shuga tsopano ili m'manja.

Chitsanzo chachikulu pakuphatikizidwa kwa ntchito yamasewera ndi matenda ashuga ndi nkhani ya Kate Hall. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 mwa mtsikana amapezeka ali aang'ono kwambiri, koma izi sizinamuletse kupitiliza kuphunzitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, Kate ali ndi mphotho yayikulu yolumpha yayitali, akupitiliza kuwongolera kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi wopambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha chizolowezi chatsiku ndi tsiku, chakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa kwambiri.

Steve Redgrave

Steve Redgrave ndi wowombera yemwe adapambana mendulo zagolide pa Olimpiki zisanu motsatira. Anapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ali ndi zaka 35. Nthawi yomweyo adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndipo adayilowetsa isanadye.

Amavomereza kuti adaganiza zosiya mpikisanowu ataphunzira za matenda ashuga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanachitike masewera a Olimpiki a ku Sydney.

"Poyamba, ndidalowa gawo lokana, sindikufuna kupirira zomwe zandichitikira, ndikubaya insulin yaying'ono momwe ndingathere. Koma patatha miyezi yochepa, ndidaphunzira kuperekera mlingo woyenera ndipo nthawi zonse ndimawusunga m'mutu mwanga. Izi si sayansi yachilengedwe - zonse ndizomveka komanso zosavuta. ”

Pali anthu ena ambiri odziwika padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Onsewa amatsimikizira kuti mutha kuthana ndi matenda anuwo molimba mtima komanso kuwalimbikitsa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo

Monga lamulo, anthu odwala matenda ashuga kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Nthawi yawo yokhala ndi moyo imachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta.

Gulu lowopsa lachitukuko cha matendawa limaphatikizapo:

• Ana ndi achinyamata
• Anthu omwe amamwa mowa wambiri
• Kusuta anthu
• Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda a atherosulinosis.

Mwa ana ndi achinyamata, matenda oyamba amadziwika, motero amayenera kupaka jekeseni wa insulin nthawi zonse kuti thupi likhale labwinobwino. Mavuto angabuke pazifukwa zingapo:

• Matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse mwa ana samapezeka nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake, nthawi ikapezeka, matendawa amakhala ndi nthawi yofooka.
• Makolo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana sangathe nthawi zonse kuwongolera ana awo, kotero amatha kudumphira kuyambitsa kwa insulin m'thupi.
• Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse, ndizoletsedwa kudya zotsekemera, zotsekemera, madzi a sopo ndi zinthu zina zoyipa, zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri kwa ana, ndipo sangawakane nthawi zonse.

Izi ndi zifukwa zina zambiri zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mwa ana.

Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amamwa mowa ndipo nthawi zambiri amasuta amachepetsa mikhalidwe yawo chifukwa cha zizolowezi zawo zoyipa. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri, ndikofunikira kusiyiratu kusuta ndi mowa, pokhapokha ngati mutatha kukhalabe ndi thanzi ndikukhalanso ndi nthawi yayitali.

Ngati simusiya zizolowezi zoyipa pakapita nthawi, mutha kumwalira ndi zaka 40, ngakhale mumalandira mankhwala pafupipafupi ndi insulin.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la atherosulinosis ali pangozi yapadera, chifukwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda ofananawo amatha kupeza zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa kufa msanga. Matenda amtunduwu amaphatikizapo gangrene, omwe nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, koma amawonjezera moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga pakatha zaka ziwiri zokha. Komanso, stroko nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kufa koyambirira.

Mwambiri, ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kukonzanso kwa zomwe zimadzetsa vuto. Ndikudwala matenda ashuga. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka 14 mpaka 35. Mosiyana ndi onsewa amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 50. Malinga ndi kafukufuku amene wachitika pakati pa wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Anthu ambiri amawona kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ukalamba ndi kufa msanga. Pakadali pano, mankhwala amakono chaka chilichonse amasintha njira zothanirana ndi matendawa.

Zaka 50 zapitazo, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala theka. zomwe odwala angachite pano. Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chiwopsezo cha anthu oyamba kufa pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga chatsika katatu.