Akuluakulu a matenda a shuga a Dr. Bernstein

Richard Bernstein (wobadwa pa June 17, 1934) ndi dotolo waku America yemwe adapanga njira yochizira (kuwongolera) matenda a shuga mellitus potengera zakudya zama carb ochepa. Wakhala akudwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba kwa zaka zoposa 71, komabe, adatha kupewa zovuta zazikulu. Pakadali pano, ali ndi zaka 84, Dr. Bernstein akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito ndi odwala, kuchita maphunziro akuthupi komanso kujambula kanema mwezi ndi mwezi wokhala ndi mayankho a mafunso.

Dr. Bernstein

Katswiriyu amaphunzitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba wa 2 komanso mtundu wa 2 momwe angakhalire shuga wokhazikika pamlingo wa anthu athanzi - 4.0-5,5 mmol / L, komanso glycated hemoglobin HbA1C pansipa 5.5%. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yopewera kukula kwa zovuta mu impso, kupenya, miyendo ndi ziwalo zina zamthupi. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zovuta zovuta za metabolism ya glucose zowonongeka zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ngakhale ndi shuga pamtunda wa 6.0 mmol / L.

Malingaliro a Dr. Bernstein pafupifupi amatsutsana kwathunthu pamankhwala apamwamba ku USA ndi maiko ena. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro ake kumapangitsa kuti pakhale shuga wabwinobwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, mutha kutsimikizira mkati mwa masiku awiri atatu kuti dongosolo loyendetsa matenda a shuga la Bernstein limathandizadi. Osati glucose wokhawo, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha mtima.

Kodi chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a Dr. Bernstein ndi chiyani?

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 ayenera kutsata zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ngati simunafunike zakudya zilizonse zoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zamankhwala, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mlingo wa insulin ndi mapiritsi, ndondomeko ya jakisoni iyenera kusankhidwa payekhapayekha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsata kwa masiku angapo mphamvu za shuga m'magazi tsiku lililonse. Mankhwala odziwika a insulin omwe samaganizira za wodwala ali osavomerezeka. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani njira 2 yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso mtundu wa pulogalamu ya matenda ashuga 1.

Masamba amathanso kukhala othandiza:

Chithandizo cha a Dr. Bernstein a shuga: kuwunika kwa odwala

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda a shuga malinga ndi njira za Dr. Bernstein kumafuna kutsatira masiku onse njira, osapuma kumapeto kwa sabata, tchuthi ndi tchuthi. Komabe, ndizosavuta kusintha ndikazolowera moyo wotere. Mndandanda wazakudya zoletsedwa ndizambiri, koma, ngakhale izi, zakudya zimakhalabe zokoma, zokhutiritsa komanso zosiyanasiyana.

Odwala a shuga a Type 2 ali okondwa kuti sayenera kufa ndi njala. Ngakhale kudya kwambiri kumakhala kosafunika. Ndikofunikira kudziwa njira zowerengera insulin komanso njira ya jakisoni wopanda vuto. Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amatha kusunga shuga wabwinobwino popanda kubayira jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Komabe, nthawi ya chimfine ndi matenda ena, jakisoni amayenera kuchitika mulimonse. Muyenera kukhala okonzekera pasadakhale.

Kodi maubwino owongolera matenda ashuga ndi Dr. Bernstein ndi ati?

Mudzafunika ndalama zambiri pazakudya zama carb otsika, insulin, mizere ya glucose mita ndi zina zofunikira. Komabe, simuyenera kugula mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kulipira ntchito muzipatala za anthu wamba ndi zaboma. Zambiri pa endocrin-patient.com ndi zaulere. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amatha kupulumutsa pamapiritsi okwera mtengo.

Matenda a shuga osokoneza thupi si mphatso yamtsogolo, koma siwonso matenda oopsa. Sizipangitsa kuti munthu akhale wolumala, amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wonse. Odwala onse akudikirira kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zatsopano zopumira. Komabe, asanawonekere palibe njira ina kuposa njira ya Dr. Bernstein yokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi ndi thanzi. Mutha kuyembekezera zam'tsogolo popanda mantha azovuta zovuta.

Kodi cholimbikitsa cha zomwe anapeza chinali chiyani?

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Dr. Bernstein nayenso adadwala matendawa. Komanso, zidamuvuta. Adatenga insulin ngati jakisoni, komanso yambiri. Ndipo pakumenyedwa kwa hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti adalekerera bwino, mpaka kuyambitsa malingaliro ake. Poterepa, zakudya za dotolo zinali ndi chakudya chokha chokha.

China chomwe chimawonetsa wodwalayo chinali chakuti panthawi yomwe akuvutika ndi thanzi lake, akuti, ndikakomoka, adachita zinthu mwankhanza, zomwe zidakhumudwitsa makolo ake, kenako ndidakolola ndi ana awo.

Kwina ali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu, anali kale ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga komanso zizindikiro zovuta za matendawa.

Mlandu woyamba wa mankhwala omwe adokotala anali nawo adadza mosayembekezeka. Monga mukudziwa, anagwirira ntchito kampani yopanga zida zamankhwala. Zipangizozi zidapangidwa kuti zidziwitse zomwe zimayambitsa munthu yemwe akudwala matenda ashuga. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amatha kulephera kudziwa ngati thanzi lake limachepa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito chida ichi, madotolo amatha kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa thanzi - mowa kapena shuga wambiri.

Poyamba, chipangizocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala okha kuti athe kukhazikitsa shuga yeniyeni mwa wodwala wina. Ndipo Bernstein atamuwona, nthawi yomweyo anafuna kuti azigwiritsa ntchito chida chomwechi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito payekha.

Zowona, panthawi imeneyo kunalibe mita ya glucose yakunyumba, chida ichi chimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mwadzidzidzi, popereka thandizo loyamba.

Komabe, chipangizocho chinali chopindulitsa mu mankhwala.

Ubwino Wothandiza Kuchiza matenda a shuga ndi Dr. Bernstein

Dr. Bernstein wakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kwa zaka zoposa 60. Ndi ochepa omwe angadzitamande kuti adakhala ndi matenda oopsawa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso adakwanitsa kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, samadwala matenda a shuga, chifukwa amalamulira bwino shuga. M'buku lake, Bernstein adadzitamandira kuti anali woyamba padziko lapansi kudziwa momwe angathanirane ndi matenda ashuga kuti zovuta zake zisayambike. Sindikudziwa ngati analidi mpainiya, koma kudziwa kuti njira zake zimathandizadi.

Pakupita masiku atatu, mita yanu ikuwonetsa kuti shuga ayamba kuchita bwino. Kwa ife, odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira kusunga shuga wawo bwinobwino, monga anthu athanzi. Werengani zambiri munkhani yakuti “Zolinga za chisamaliro cha matenda ashuga. Zomwe mumayenera kuchita shuga. ” Kusintha kwa shuga kumatha, thanzi limayenda bwino. Kufunika kwa insulini kumachepa, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimachepetsedwa kangapo. Matenda abwinobwino a shuga amatha. Ndipo mudzapeza zabwino zonsezi osatenga zowonjezera zowonjezera zilizonse. Njira zochizira matenda ashuga sizinafike pakudzitamandira. Timapereka chidziwitso kwaulere, sitikugulitsa zogulitsa zamawu.

Momwe odwala matenda a shuga adakhalira zaka za 1980 zisanachitike

Zambiri zomwe zimapanga lingaliro lovomerezeka pakati pa chisamaliro cha matenda ashuga ndi zakudya za shuga ndi nthano. Malangizo omwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka kwa odwala matenda ashuga amalepheretsa odwala mwayi wokhala ndi shuga m'magazi ndipo chifukwa chake ndi lakufa. Dr. Bernstein adatsimikiza izi munjira yakeyokha. Zochitika zodziwika bwino pochiza matenda ashuga zidamupha iye mpaka adatenga udindo pamoyo wake.

Kumbukirani kuti mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga adamupeza mu 1946 ali ndi zaka 12. Kwa zaka 20 zotsatira, anali wodwala matenda ashuga "mosamala, kutsatira malangizo a dotolo ndikuyesera kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino momwe ndingathere. Komabe, m'zaka zapitazi, zovuta za matenda ashuga zikuwonekera kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka zopitilira 30, Richard Bernstein adazindikira kuti, monga odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1, amwalira msanga.

Anali akadali ndi moyo, koma mtundu wa moyo wake udali wopanda pake. Pofuna kuti 'asungunuke mu shuga ndi m'madzi,' Bernstein amafunika kulandira jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse. Mwanjira iyi, palibe chomwe chasintha mpaka lero. Koma mu zaka ziwirizi, kuti mupeze insulini, pamafunika kuthira singano ndi ma syringe ofunika m'madzi otentha komanso kukulitsa singano ya syringe ndi mwala wowonda. Panthawi yovutayi, odwala matenda ashuga amatulutsa mkodzo wawo m'mbale yachitsulo pamoto kuti awone ngati ali ndi shuga. Panalibe ma glucometer, popanda ma insulin otayika omwe anali ndi singano zopyapyala. Palibe amene analimba mtima kulota chisangalalo chotere.

Chifukwa cha shuga okwanira wodwala, Richard Bernstein wachichepere adakula bwino ndipo adakula pang'onopang'ono. Anakhalabe wokhumudwa moyo wonse. Masiku athu ano, zomwe zimachitika ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ngati amathandizidwa malinga ndi njira zomwe amavomerezeka, ndiye kuti sangathe kuwongolera matenda awo a shuga. Makolo a ana otere amakhala ndi moyo ndikupitiliza kumakhala ndi mantha kuti mwina zinthu zitha kusokonekera, ndipo m'mawa akapeza mwana wawo ali chigonere ali ndi vuto lalikulu.

M'mazaka amenewo, madokotala adayamba kutsatira mfundo yoti cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi imayenderana ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholesterol iwonjezeke. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, ngakhale ana, cholesterol yamagazi inali panthawiyo ndipo ikukwezedwa kwambiri tsopano. Asayansi ndi madotolo apanga kuti kupanikizika kwam'mimba kwa matenda ashuga - kulephera kwa impso, khungu, corteriary arteriosulinosis - zimagwirizananso ndi mafuta omwe odwala amadya. Zotsatira zake, Richard Bernstein adayikidwa zakudya zamafuta ochepa asanafike ku American Diabetes Association atavomereza izi.

Zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo zimachulukitsa shuga m'magazi, ndipo zakudya za shuga zimapereka 45% kapena zopatsa mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya. Chifukwa chake, Bernstein adayenera kubaya jekeseni wamkulu wa insulin. Adadzipatsa jakisoni ndi syringe lalikulu la "kavalo" wokhala ndi 10 ml. Jakisoni anali wosakwiya komanso wowawa, ndipo kumapeto anali wopanda mafuta otsala pansi pakhungu lake m'manja ndi miyendo. Ngakhale kuletsedwa kwamafuta, mafuta a cholesterol ndi triglycerides m'mwazi wake adakwera kwambiri, ndipo izi zimawonekera ngakhale kunja. Muubwana wake, Richard Bernstein anali ndi ma xanthelasms angapo - zikwangwani zazing'ono zachikasu zomwe zimapangira pazowoneka ndipo ndizizindikiro za cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi a shuga.

Mavuto akulu a shuga amawoneka ngati abwinobwino

Pakadutsa zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu zakubadwa, matenda ashuga adayamba kuwononga machitidwe onse mthupi la Bernstein. Iye anali ndi kutentha kosalekeza komanso kumatulutsa (mawonetseredwe a diabetesic gastroparesis), kufooka kwamapazi kunkapita patsogolo, komanso kumva mphamvu m'miyendo ndi mapewa ake kumakulirakulira. Dokotala wake anali munthu yemwe pambuyo pake adzakhala Purezidenti wa American Diabetes Association. Nthawi zonse ankatsimikizira wodwala wake kuti mavutowa sanali okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo pazonse, zinthu zinali kuyenda bwino. Bernstein amadziwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba nawonso amakumana ndi mavuto omwewo, koma anali otsimikiza kuti izi zimawonedwa ngati "zabwinobwino."

Richard Bernstein anakwatirana, anali ndi ana ang'ono. Adapita kukoleji ngati injiniya. Koma, ali mnyamata, ankamverera ngati wokalamba wolephera. Miyendo yake yokhala ndi dazi pansi pa mawondo ake ndi chizindikiro chakuti kufalikira kwa magazi m'mitsempha yam'mphepete kumasokonezeka. Kuphatikizika kwa shuga kumeneku kungayambitse kudula miyendo. Pofufuza mtima, adapezeka kuti ali ndi mtima - ma cell a minofu ya mtima adasinthidwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Kuzindikira kumeneku kunali chifukwa chachikulu cha kulephera kwa mtima ndi kufa pakati pa odwala matenda a shuga.

Dotoloyo adapitilizabe kumutsimikizira Bernstein kuti ali ndi vuto "ndipo panthawiyo zovuta zambiri za matenda ashuga zidayamba. Panali mavuto amawonedwe: khungu khungu, oyamba kubanika, zotupa m'maso, zonse nthawi imodzi. Kusuntha pang'ono manja kumabweretsa kupweteka chifukwa cha zovuta ndi mafupa amapewa. Bernstein adayesa mayeso a mkodzo mapuloteni ndipo adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo wake ndikokwera kwambiri. Amadziwa kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a impso a ashuga "gawo" lotsogola. Chapakati pa 1960s, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyesedwa sichidaposa zaka zisanu. Ku koleji, komwe adaphunzirira ukadaulo, mnzake adanena za momwe mlongo wake adamwalira ndi vuto la impso. Asanamwalire, anali atatupa kwathunthu chifukwa chosungidwa ndi madzi mthupi. Ziloto za Bernstein zidayamba, momwe iye, nayenso, adatupa ngati baluni.

Kuyambira mu 1967, ali ndi zaka 33, anali ndi zovuta zonse za matenda ashuga zomwe tafotokozazi. Ankadwala matenda okalamba komanso asanamwalire. Anali ndi ana atatu ang'ono, wamkulu ali ndi zaka 6 zokha, ndipo palibe chiyembekezo chowawona. Malinga ndi upangiri wa abambo ake, Bernstein adayamba kugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Tateyo adakhulupirira kuti ngati mwana wake wamwamuna azichita bwino kwambiri makina olimbitsa thupi, azikhala bwino. Zowonadi, mkhalidwe wake wamaganizidwe udayenda bwino, koma ziribe kanthu momwe Bernstein adayesera, sanathe kukhala wamphamvu kapena kumanga minofu. Pambuyo pakuphunzitsidwa kwamphamvu zaka ziwiri, adakhalabe wofooka, wolemera 52 kg.

Anayamba kukhala ndi hypoglycemia - shuga wochepa kwambiri wamagazi - ndipo kutuluka m'matendawo kudali kovuta komanso nthawi zonse. Hypoglycemia idayambitsa mutu komanso kutopa. Cholinga chake chinali milingo yayikulu ya insulin yomwe Bernstein adadzibaya kuti adye chakudya chake, chomwe makamaka chinali chakudya. Hypoglycemia ikachitika, anali ndi chikumbumtima chambiri, ndipo anali kuchitira nkhanza anthu ena. Poyamba, izi zidabweretsa mavuto kwa makolo ake, ndipo pambuyo pake kwa mkazi wake ndi ana. Kusamvana m'banjamo kunakulirakulira, ndipo zinthu zinawopsa kutuluka.

Momwe mainjiniya Bernstein Momwe Amachitikira Mosadwala

Moyo wa Richard Bernstein, wodwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba "wazaka 25", adasintha modzidzimutsa mu Okutobala 1969. Adagwira ntchito ngatiofesi yofufuza pakampani yochitira ziwonetsero zakuchipatala. Panthawiyo, anasintha ntchito posintha kumene ndipo anasamukira ku kampani yopanga zanyumba. Komabe, adalandirabe ndikuwerenga mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano kuchokera pantchito yapitayi. Mu umodzi mwazomwezi, Bernstein adawona kulengeza kachipangizo chatsopano. Chipangizochi chimalola ogwira ntchito kuchipatala kusiyanitsa odwala omwe anasiya kudziwa chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi zidakwa zakufa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipinda chodzidzimutsa ngakhale usiku pamene chipatala chachipatala chatsekedwa. Chipangizocho chawonetsa kufunikira kwa shuga m'magazi. Zikadapezeka kuti munthu ali ndi shuga wambiri, tsopano madokotala amatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikupulumutsa moyo wake.

Panthawiyo, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuyesa okha shuga mu mkodzo, koma osati m'magazi. Monga mukudziwa, shuga amapezeka mumkodzo pokhapokha magazi ake ali okwera kwambiri. Komanso, pakamapezeka shuga mkodzo, magazi ake amatha kuchepa, chifukwa impso zimachotsa glucose wambiri mumkodzo. Kuyang'ana mkodzo wa shuga sikupereka mpata uliwonse wodziwa kuwopsa kwa hypoglycemia. Kuwerenga kutsatsa kwachipangizo chatsopano, a Richard Bernstein adazindikira kuti chipangizochi chimapangitsa kuzindikira hypoglycemia koyambilira ndikuyimitsa chisanayambitse mkwiyo kapena kusokonezeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Bernstein anali wofunitsitsa kugula chida chozizwitsa.Mwa masiku ano, inali galvanometer yakale. Analemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg ndipo adatenga $ 650. Kampani yopanga sanafune kuzigulitsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, koma kuzipatala zokha. Monga tikumbukirira, Richard Bernstein nthawi imeneyo anali akugwirabe ntchito ngati injiniya, koma mkazi wake anali dokotala. Adalamula chipangizochi m'dzina la mkazi wake, ndipo Bernstein adayamba kuyeza shuga wake wamagazi kasanu patsiku. Posakhalitsa, adawona kuti shuga limadumphira ndi matalikidwe ochulukirapo, ngati pamphero yoyenda.

Tsopano anali ndi zomwe anali nazo, ndipo adatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamasamu zomwe adaphunzitsidwa ku koleji kuti athetse vuto la kuyang'anira matenda a shuga. Kumbukirani kuti muyezo wama shuga a magazi kwa munthu wathanzi ndi pafupifupi 4.6 mmol / L. Bernstein anawona kuti magazi ake osachepera kawiri patsiku amachokera ku 2.2 mmol / L mpaka 22 mmol / L, i.e. nthawi 10. Zosadabwitsa kuti anali ndi kutopa kosatha, kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe, komanso kupsa mtima kwamtundu wa hypoglycemia.

Asanakhale ndi mwayi woyeza shuga m'magazi katatu patsiku, Bernstein adadzibaya ndi jakisoni imodzi yokha ya insulin tsiku lililonse. Tsopano adasinthira jakisoni awiri a insulin patsiku. Koma zopambana zenizeni zidadza pomwe adazindikira kuti ngati mumadya zakudya zochepa, ndiye kuti shuga yamagazi imakhazikika. Shuga wake adayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono ndikuyandikira zachilendo, ngakhale ndizosatheka kuti ndizoyenera kuti zimayambitsa shuga masiku ano.

Kodi shuga azikhala ndi chiyani?

Patatha zaka zitatu Bernstein atayamba kuyeza shuga wake wamagazi, ngakhale kuti zinthu zinkamuyendera bwino, anapitilizabe kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga. Kulemera kwake kwakanali 52 kg. Kenako adaganiza zowerengera mabuku akatswiri kuti adziwe ngati zingatheke kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi. M'masiku amenewo, kugwira ntchito ndi mabuku komanso magazini m'malaibulale kunali kovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe ziliri masiku ano. Bernstein anapempha ku laibulale yachipatala yakomweko. Pemphelo lidatumizidwa ku Washington, komwe adakakonza ndikukutumiziranso zithunzi za zomwe zidapezeka. Yankho linabwera patatha milungu iwiri. Ntchito yonse yopeza chidziwitso munkhokwe yachidziwitso cha dziko, kuphatikizapo kutumiza mayankho ndi makalata, idawononga $ 75.

Tsoka ilo, palibe mawu amodzi omwe amafotokoza momwe angapewere zovuta za matenda a shuga kudzera mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zida zophunzitsira mwakuthupi zomwe zimabwera chifukwa chofunsirazi zinali zochokera kumagazini zokhazokha komanso kukula kwa uzimu. Mu envulopu mudalinso zolemba zingapo kuchokera m'magazini azachipatala omwe amafotokoza kuyesa kwa nyama. Kuchokera pamalemba awa, Bernstein adaphunzira kuti mu nyama, zovuta za shuga zimaletsedwa komanso kubwezeretsedwa. Koma izi sizinachitike ndi zolimbitsa thupi, koma chifukwa chokhala ndi shuga wokhazikika wamwazi.

Panthawiyo anali malingaliro ofuna kusintha. Chifukwa m'mbuyomu, kupatula apo, palibe amene adaganiza kuti zinali zotheka kukhala ndi shuga wamagazi pofuna kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Kuyesa konse ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga zayang'ana mbali zina: kudya mafuta ochepa, kupewa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis, kupewa ndi kupumula kwa hypoglycemia yayikulu. Bernstein adawonetsa dotolo zamakopewo. Adayang'ana ndikuti nyama sizanthu, ndipo koposa zonse, palibe njira zothandizira kuti pakhale shuga wodalirika wamagulu a shuga.

Mavuto a shuga amachepetsa shuga atatha kukula

Bernstein akuti: anali ndi mwayi kuti anali asanaphunzire zamankhwala. Chifukwa sanaphunzire ku yunivesite ya zamankhwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe amene angamutsimikizire kuti sizingatheke kukhala ndi shuga yokhazikika yokhazikika m'magazi a shuga. Adayamba ngati injiniya kuthana ndi vuto la kuwongolera shuga m'magazi. Anali ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu chogwira ntchito molimbika pamavuto awa, chifukwa amafuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali, makamaka makamaka popanda zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Chaka chotsatira adatha kuyeza shuga ake kasanu ndi kawiri patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito chida chomwe tidalemba pamwambapa. Masiku ochepa aliwonse, Bernstein adabweretsa kusintha kwakang'ono mu chakudya chake kapena njira ya insulin, kenako amawona momwe izi zimawonekera m'mawerengero ake a shuga. Ngati magazi a shuga ayandikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukupitirirabe. Ngati chizindikiro cha shuga chikaipiraipira, ndiye kuti kusinthaku sikunaphule kanthu, ndikuyenera kutayidwa. Pang'onopang'ono, Bernstein adapeza kuti 1 gramu ya chakudya chambiri imachulukitsa shuga wake wamagazi ndi 0.28 mmol / L, ndi 1 unit ya nkhumba kapena insulin ya ng'ombe, yomwe panthawiyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, idachepetsa shuga ndi 0.83 mmol / L.

M'chaka cha kuyesera koteroko, adazindikira kuti shuga yake yamwazi imakhala yofanana ndi maola 24 tsiku lililonse. Zotsatira zake, kutopa kwakanthawi kunazimiririka, komwe kwa zaka zambiri kunawononga moyo wa Bernstein. Kupita patsogolo kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga kutha. Mlingo wa cholesterol ndi triglycerides m'magazi unagwa kwambiri kotero kuti unayandikira malire apansi a zonse, ndipo zonsezi popanda kumwa mankhwala. Mapiritsi a anti-cholesterol - ma statins - analibe panthawiyo. Xanthelasma pansi pamaso anazimiririka.

Tsopano Bernstein, mothandizidwa ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu, pomaliza anatha kupanga minofu. Kufunika kwake kwa insulini kunachepa katatu, poyerekeza ndi momwe zidalili chaka chapitacho. Pambuyo pake, nyama zitalowa m'malo mwa insulin ndi anthu pochiza matenda ashuga, imagwa nthawi zina ziwiri, ndipo ndizosakwanira ⅙ zoyambirira. M'mbuyomu jakisoni wa Mlingo waukulu wa insulin adasiya malembedwe opweteka pakhungu lake, lomwe limayamba kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wa insulin utachepa, ndiye kuti izi zitha, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ma hillock akale onsewo adasowa. Popita nthawi, kutentha kwapakhosi ndikuthothoka mutatha kudya kunazimiririka, ndipo koposa zonse, mapuloteniwa adalephera kutulutsidwa mkodzo, mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya impso idabwezeretseka.

Mitsempha yamagazi ya Bernstein idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis kotero kuti ma calcium a calcium amawonekera. Ali ndi zaka zopitilira 70, adayang'ananso ndikupeza kuti madipozitiwo adasowa, ngakhale madokotala amakhulupirira kuti izi sizingatheke. Mu bukuli, Bernstein adadzitamandira kuti ali ndi zaka 74 anali ndi calcium yochepa pamakoma amitsempha kuposa achinyamata ambiri. Tsoka ilo, zina mwazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda osagonjetseka a shuga sizinasinthe. Mapazi ake ndi opunduka, ndipo tsitsi kumiyendo yake silikufuna kuti libwerere kumbuyo.

Njira yothanirana ndi matenda a shuga idapezeka mwamwayi

Bernstein adawona kuti amawongolera kagayidwe kake kokwanira. Tsopano amatha kuwongolera magazi ake ndikuwasunga pamlingo womwe akufuna. Zinali ngati kuthetsa vuto laukadaulo. Mu 1973, adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuchita bwino. Atafufuza m'mabuku, zomwe tidalemba pamwambapa, Bernstein adalembetsa m'magazini onse azachingerezi othandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Sanatchule kwina kulikonse kuti shuga yabwinobwino yamagazi amayenera kupitilizidwa kuti apewe zovuta za matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, miyezi ingapo iliyonse, panabukanso nkhani ina pomwe olemba adanena kuti sizotheka kutulutsa shuga m'magazi a shuga.

Bernstein, monga mainjiniya, adathetsa vuto lofunika kwambiri lomwe akatswiri azachipatala amawona ngati lopanda chiyembekezo. Komabe, sanadzinyadire kwambiri chifukwa anamvetsetsa: anali ndi mwayi waukulu. Ndibwino kuti zinthu zinali monga choncho, ndipo tsopano ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino, komabe akanatha kukhala osiyana. Osati thanzi lake lokhalokha, komanso maubwenzi apabanja lake pamene kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kudaleka. Bernstein adawona kuti akukakamizidwa kugawana zomwe apeza ndi anthu ena. Inde, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri odwala matenda ashuga adavutika pachabe, monga momwe adavutikira m'mbuyomu. Ankaganiza kuti madokotala angasangalale akamawaphunzitsa momwe angathanirane ndi shuga komanso kuthana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Madokotala samakonda kusintha kwambiri ngati anthu onse

Bernstein adalemba nkhani yokhudza kuthana ndi shuga m'magazi a shuga ndipo adatumiza kwa mnzake kuti ayambe nayo. Mnzake dzina lake anali Charlie Suther, ndipo anali kugulitsa zinthu za matenda ashuga ku Miles Laboratores Ames. Kampaniyi inali yopanga glucometer yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito Bernstein kunyumba. A Charlie Suther adavomereza nkhaniyi ndipo adapempha m'modzi mwa olemba zamankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito pakampaniyo kuti ayisinthe.

Zaka zingapo zotsatira, thanzi la Bernstein lidapitilirabe kuyenda bwino, ndipo pamapeto pake adakhulupirira kuti njira yake yothandizira matenda a shuga ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, adalemba nkhaniyo kangapo poganizira zotsatira za zoyesa zatsopanozi. Nkhaniyi idatumizidwa m'magazini onse azachipatala. Tsoka ilo, akonzi a magazini ndi akatswiri azachipatala adatenga izi molakwika. Zidapezeka kuti anthu amakana zoonadi ngati zikutsutsana ndi zomwe adaphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ya zamankhwala.

Magazini yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, New England Journal of Medicine, idakana kusindikiza nkhani ndi mawu otsatirawa: "Palibe kafukufuku wokwanira amene angatsimikizire kuti ndikofunika kupititsa shuga m'magazi a anthu odwala matenda ashuga, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi anthu athanzi." Nyuzipepala ya American Medical Association inanena kuti "ndi odwala ochepa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi kuti adziwe shuga, insulini, mkodzo, ndi zina, kunyumba." Mamita a glucose anyumba adakhazikitsidwa koyamba pamsika mu 1980. Tsopano chaka chilichonse, ma glucometer, zingwe zoyesera ndi zingwe za iwo zimagulitsidwa $ 4 biliyoni. Ndikukhulupirira kuti inunso muli ndi glucometer, ndipo mwayang'ana kale ngati ndi lolondola kapena ayi (momwe mungachitire). Zikuwoneka kuti akatswiri kuchokera mu magazini ya American Medical Association anali olakwika.

Kodi kudziletsa kwa magazi a shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga kunalimbikitsa bwanji?

Bernstein adasaina Association of Diabetes Association, akuyembekeza kukumana ndi madotolo ndi asayansi omwe adafufuza za chisamaliro cha matenda ashuga. Anapita kumisonkhano ndi misonkhano yamakomiti osiyanasiyana, komwe adakumana ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino a matenda ashuga. Ambiri aiwo anawonetsa kuti alibe chidwi ndi malingaliro ake. Mu bukuli, alemba kuti ku USA konse kunali madokotala atatu okha omwe amafuna kupatsa odwala awo odwala matenda ashuga mwayi wokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino.

Pakadali pano, a Charlie Suther adayendayenda kuzungulira mdziko lonse lapansi ndikugawa zolemba za Bernstein mwa abwenzi ake asayansi komanso asayansi. Zidapezeka kuti azachipatala amadana ndi lingaliro lodziyang'anira ndendende m'magazi a shuga. Kampani yomwe Charlie Suther adagwira inali yoyamba kukhazikitsa mita ya shuga m'magazi ndikupanga ndalama zambiri pakugulitsa chipangizocho, komanso zingwe zoyesera. Mitsempha yamagazi a kunyumba imatha kugulitsidwa zaka zingapo zisanachitike. Koma oyang'anira kampani adasiya ntchitoyi atapanikizika ndi achipatala.

Madokotala sanazengereze kulola odwala matenda ashuga kuti azidzichitira okha. Kupatula apo, odwala matenda a shuga sanamvetse chilichonse chamankhwala. Ndipo koposa zonse: ngati ali ndi njira yodzithandizira pakokha, ndiye kuti madokotala azikhala ndi chiyani? M'masiku amenewo, odwala matenda a shuga amayendera dokotala mwezi uliwonse kuti athe kuyeza shuga m'magazi. Ngati odwala anali ndi mwayi wochita izi kunyumba chifukwa cha mtengo wa masenti 25, ndiye kuti ndalama zomwe madokotala akanalandira zikanagwa kwambiri, monga momwe zimachitikira. Pazifukwa zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, anthu azachipatala adalepheretsa mwayi wogulitsa msika wamagazi a nyumba. Ngakhale vuto lalikulu lidatsalira ochepa omwe adamvetsetsa kufunika kokhala ndi shuga wamagazi kuti apewe zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Tsopano ndi zakudya zotsika mtima za chakudya chamagulu, zomwe zimachitika monga momwe zinakhalira m'ma 1970 ndi glucometer apanyumba. Chithandizo chamankhwala chimakana mokakamira kufunikira ndikuyenera kwa zakudya izi kuti ziziwongoletsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Chifukwa chakuti ngati anthu odwala matenda ashuga atayamba kuletsa zakudya zamagulu m'zakudya zawo, ndalama za akatswiri a endocrinologists ndi akatswiri okhudzana nazo zimatsika kwambiri. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi omwe amapanga "makasitomala" ambiri opanga mankhwala am'maso, madokotala ochita kudula mwendo, komanso akatswiri othandiza kulephera impso.

Mapeto ake, Bernstein adakwanitsa kuyambitsa kafukufuku woyamba wazachipatala zatsopano zomwe zidathandizidwa ndi mayunivesite ku New York mu 1977. Kafukufuku awiri adachitika omwe adamaliza bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti angathe kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga kale. Zotsatira zake, mitu yoyamba yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idachitika pa kudziletsa kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, Bernstein nthawi zambiri ankapemphedwa kuti azilankhula pamisonkhano yapadziko lonse, koma ku United States kokha. Madokotala kunja kwa United States awonetsa chidwi chochuluka ndi njira yatsopano yodziwonera shuga wamagazi kuposa anthu aku America.

Mu 1978, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pa Bernstein ndi Charlie Suther, ofufuza ena angapo aku America anayesa njira yatsopano yothandizira anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Ndipo mu 1980 pomwe ma glucometer apakhomo adapezeka pamsika, omwe odwala matenda ashuga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito okha. Bernstein adakhumudwitsidwa kuti kupita patsogolo kumeneku kunayamba pang'ono. Ngakhale okonda kuthana ndikulimbana ndi madokotala, odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amafa, omwe miyoyo yawo ikhoza kupulumutsidwa.

Chifukwa chani Bernstein adasiya kuyimbira kwa udokotala

Mu 1977, Bernstein adaganiza zosiya kudzipereka kuti akhale dokotala. Nthawi imeneyo anali atakwanitsa zaka 43. Sanathe kuthana ndi adotolo, motero adaganiza zolowa nawo. Zinalingaliridwa kuti atakhala dokotala mwalamulo, akatswiri azachipatala angalolere kufalitsa zolemba zake. Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso panjira yokhazikika yogwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi a shuga chikufalikira kwambiri komanso mwachangu.

Bernstein anamaliza maphunziro okonzekera, kenako anakakamizidwa kudikirira chaka china ndipo mu 1979, ali ndi zaka 45, adalowa Albert Einstein College of Medicine. M'chaka chake choyamba ku yunivesite ya zamankhwala, adalemba buku lake loyamba lonena za matenda a shuga m'magazi a shuga. Idafotokozeranso chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a 1 omwe amadalira insulin. Pambuyo pake, adasindikanso mabuku ena 8 komanso nkhani zambiri m'magazini zasayansi ndi zotchuka. Mwezi uliwonse, Bernstein amayankha mafunso kuchokera kwa owerenga ake pa askdrbernstein.net (misonkhano yamawu, mu Chingerezi).

Mu 1983, Dr. Bernstein pomaliza pake adatsegula njira yake yachipatala, kutali ndi kwawo ku New York. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, anali atakhala kale kwa zaka zambiri zaka zakubadwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mwana woyamba. Tsopano aphunzira kuthandiza bwino odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1. Odwala ake adazindikira kuti zaka zawo zabwino kwambiri sizotsalira, koma akuyembekezerabe mtsogolo. Dr. Bernstein amatiphunzitsa momwe tingawongolere matenda anu a shuga kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali, wathanzi komanso wopindulitsa. Pa Diabetes-Med.Com mupezapo zambiri za njira za Dr. Bernstein pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda amtundu wa 2, komanso kuchokera kuzinthu zina zomwe wolemba adawona kuti ndizothandiza.

Mukatha kuwerenga tsambali, simudzadabwerenso chifukwa chiyani mankhwala ovomerezeka amakana kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa kuti azilamulira matenda ashuga 1 ndi mtundu 2. Tikuwona kuti mu 1970s zinali chimodzimodzi ndi glucometer. Kukula kwa ukadaulo kukuyenda, koma mikhalidwe ya anthu sikuyenda bwino. Ndi izi muyenera kusintha ndikuchita zomwe tingathe. Tsatirani pulogalamu ya matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2. Mukatsimikiza kuti malingaliro athu amathandizira, gawani izi ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Chonde funsani mafunso ndi / kapena fotokozani zomwe mwakumana nazo mu ndemanga zathu.Mwanjira imeneyi muthandizira gulu lolankhula Chirasha la odwala matenda a shuga, omwe ali ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.