Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga

Bungwe la International Diabetes Federation likuti masiku ano anthu pafupifupi 366 miliyoni amadwala matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo theka la iwo sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono matenda awo. Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri samadzikongoletsa pakalipano. Zachidziwikire kuti tsopano mukuganiza zomwe zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimawonekera mwa wodwala. Munkhaniyi tiyesera kunena zambiri momwe tingathere pankhaniyi.

Mwa anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndi 5% yokha mwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 shuga, otsala 95% ali ndi matenda ashuga 2. Matendawa, makamaka, ndi osiyana ndi osiyana pazifukwa za chitukuko, kuphwanya kwawo kwakukulu ndikuphwanya wamba - kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina, matenda a shuga sangawonekere konse, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumatsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo, pakuyang'ana kwa fundus ku ophthalmologist. Komabe, pali mawonekedwe ena a shuga omwe ali ndi mitundu yonseyo:

kumverera kwa ludzu losakwanira ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa thupi;
kuwonda msanga
masomphenya osalala (otchedwa "chophimba choyera" chomwe chimachitika pamaso),
kumva wotopa kapena kufooka mosalekeza
kutopa,
zovuta zogonana,
kumva kulemera m'miyendo
dzanzi ndi miyendo ndi chidwi mwa iwo.
pafupipafupi kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe
dontho kutentha kwa thupi
mabala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amachiritsa pang'onopang'ono,
wodwala kuchiritsa matenda opatsirana,
chizungulire pafupipafupi.

Kukula kwa zizindikirozi kumatengera nthawi yayitali ya matendawa, kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa insulin komanso, makamaka, pamikhalidwe ya wodwalayo.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Mwa zina mwazomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu 1, omwe ali osiyana ndi zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda onsewa, zotsatirazi ziyenera kufotokozeredwa:

kusanza ndi kusanza
kusakhazikika
kumangokhalira kumva njala.

Chizindikiro chimodzi cha matendawa ndi ana.

Mchigawo chomwe chimayambitsa chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga 1, nthawi zina pamachitika kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwambiri. Zizindikiro izi za matenda ashuga zimayambitsa kufunikira kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa, ndipo zimatha kuchitika munthu asanayambe kubaya insulin.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Awiri A shuga

Kodi matenda ashuga a 2 amawoneka bwanji? Onani zizindikiro zake zazikulu:

Matendawa amayamba atakula ndipo amalumikizidwa, monga lamulo, ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2, wodwalayo amakhalanso ndi zofanana ndi chimfine, kukula kwa tsitsi lakumaso, kuchepa kwa tsitsi pamiyendo, ndikuwoneka ngati kakulidwe kazikasu kakang'ono thupi - xanthomas.

Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda a shuga ndimatupi a khungu, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kukodza pafupipafupi ngati ukhondo suwonedwa.

Mavuto a shuga

Choyamba, ndi matenda ashuga, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi imavutika. Anthu omwe samatsatira thanzi lawo amakhala ndi matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Pafupifupi 65% ya anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa cha stroke kapena kugunda kwa mtima. Matendawa amatha kupangitsa kuti matenda azisokonezeka thupi lonse, makamaka m'miyendo.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta za matenda ashuga, monga gangrene, omwe pamapeto pake amatha kudula. Dziwani kuti zoposa 60% ya milandu yonse yomwe imadulidwa imachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda ashuga, osati chifukwa chovulala.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha khungu. Amatha kuyambitsa matenda ena amaso, kuphatikizapo matenda amtundu wamatumbo, glaucoma, komanso matenda ashuga retinopathy.

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda a impso. Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha matendawa, muyenera kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ngakhale wodwalayo alibe kuthamanga magazi.

Matenda a shuga amachititsanso matenda osiyanasiyana amanjenje. Nthawi zambiri, mitsempha yam'mphepete imawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti manja ndi miyendo itayike, kapena kumva kupweteka ndi kuwotchedwa. Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje kumatha kupangitsanso kukomoka kwa gonads komanso kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chotenga periodontitis. Popewa matendawa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mano, muyenera kuyang'anira mano anu mosamala ndikuyendera mano nthawi zonse.

Pakakhala zovuta za matenda ashuga m'mayambiriro a kukula kwawo, palibe zovuta zapadera zowongolera. Chithandizo cha zovuta zamatenda a shuga zimayang'ana pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa matenda omwe akutuluka mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena opaleshoni. Chofunikira kwambiri pa matenda ashuga ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kukhalabe ndi magazi komanso kupewa kutulutsa mafuta m'thupi.

Makhalidwe a matenda

Pazovuta zambirizi pamakhala nthano zambiri, zabodza komanso zikhulupiriro zambiri. Inde, matenda ashuga amawerengedwa kuti ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri ndipo amafunika njira yayikulu yothandizira, kutsatira malangizo onse a endocrinologists ndi akatswiri azakudya. Wodwala amayenera kusintha zambiri m'moyo wake: zizolowezi, zakudya, malingaliro kuti agwire ntchito. Komabe, ndikukhazikitsa zofunika kuchita, mutha kuthana ndi matendawa ndikusangalala ndi zinthu zazing'ono pamoyo.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka mu milandu iwiri:

kapamba amasiya kutulutsa insulin (mtundu 1),
insulin imapangidwa, koma maselo sazindikira kwenikweni (mtundu 2).

Pali zifukwa zambiri zolakwika zotere m'thupi. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda amawoneka kuti ndiowopsa. Wodwala amafunika jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse. Hemeni wa insulin ndi amene amachititsa kuti shuga asungidwe. Popanda kuchuluka kwamahomoni amenewa, kusintha kwa shuga kukhala glucose kumakhala kosatheka. Zotsatira zake, shuga amatuluka m'magazi ndipo amamuchotsa pamiyendo yambiri. Ndi matenda a shuga, njira zonse za metabolic zimasokonekera:

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kapamba amapanga magawo 200 a insulin tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa cha kuperewera bwino kwa chinthu chofunikira ichi, kupanga insulini kungachedwetse kapena kusiya kwathunthu. Kutengera ndi zomwe zimachitika mthupi, matenda a shuga amawerengedwa ngati mtundu 1 kapena 2. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ungathenso kumatchedwa kuti mwana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawo amadalira insulin chifukwa cha achinyamata ngakhale ana aang'ono. Matenda a shuga amatha kubereka kapena kutengeka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 zimakhala zambiri. Komabe, madokotala sanganene motsimikiza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa wodwala aliyense. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga chimayesedwa kuti chimayambitsa chibadwa. Mwana amalandila chibadwa kuchokera kwa makolo om'bereka. Ili ndi "malangizo" opangira mapuloteni, chifukwa njira zingapo mthupi ndizotheka. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Chiwopsezochi chimakulitsidwa kwambiri ngati agogo kapena agogo aakazi anali ndi matenda ashuga. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha kubadwa kwa ana mwa ana chimaposa 60%.

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi izi:

zikondamoyo
kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
zizolowezi zoipa (kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa),
matenda a autoimmune
kupsinjika
kumangokhala
matenda endocrine
matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus
matenda oopsa
zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka
chakudya chamafuta,
matenda am'mimba thirakiti
kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala.

Pali malingaliro akuti ngati pali zokoma zambiri, ndiye kuti matendawo amatha. Koma izi sizowona konse. Ngakhale maswiti amawonedwa ngati zakudya zopanda pake, iwo eniwo samayambitsa matenda ashuga. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsekemera - maswiti, makeke, makeke, makeke - kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudza ntchito ya ziwalo zonse, kuphatikizapo kapamba.

Mwa zina mwa ma virus omwe amatha kukhala oyambitsa kukulitsa matenda a shuga ndi awa: ma mumps, chikuku, chikuku, rubella, hepatitis, ma mumps virus. Matenda a Endocrine, omwe amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga mwa akulu, ndi:

Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumatha chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha mphumu, nyamakazi, lupus, ulcerative colitis. Ma stereoid mahomoni ndi corticosteroids amatha kufooketsa insulin kapena kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta omwe amayambitsa kukhudzidwa kwa ma cell.

Etiology yamatenda mwa amuna

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zakukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa amuna. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ungawonekere ali mwana. Mtundu wachiwiri umapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 45. Pamaso pa matenda ashuga, abale apamtima amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi, popeza ngozi imeneyi ndiyabwino. Amuna amakonda matendawa pafupipafupi chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito moyenera zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso zakudya zosafunikira monga azungu, pasties ndi agalu otentha.

Amuna ambiri omwe amakhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika (madalaivala, oyang'anira mapulogalamu, ogwira ntchito muofesi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kunenepa kwambiri. Zakudya zazosakhazikika zomwe zimadya mwachangu ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, kugwiritsa ntchito moledzera kwamphamvu kumabweretsa kuyika mafuta m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa shuga kwa amuna omwe ali ndi m'mimba mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika pafupipafupi. Kupsinjika kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi la abambo. Kutulutsa kwamkwiyo, chisangalalo kumayendetsedwa ndi kupanga adrenaline. Mitundu yachifundo komanso parasympathetic imathandizira pochita izi.

Mphamvu yamanjenje imalepheretsa kubisika kwa insulin, ndipo parasympathetic - imakulitsa. Chifukwa chopanga insulin yokwanira, mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic umayamba. Kupanga kwa insulin kumatha kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha njala, minyewa kapena kupsinjika kwamanjenje. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu amadya mosapuma ndi nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya, njira zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo onse zimasokonezeka.

Kuwoneka kwa matenda ashuga mwa amuna kumatha kubweretsa:

matenda a chithokomiro
opaleshoni yamapamba
kumwa mankhwala okodzetsa ndi antihypertensive,
matenda aakulu am'mimba thirakiti (kapamba, cholecystitis),
fibrosis (kusintha kwa minofu),
Kapangidwe kamiyala,
vuto la autoimmune.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, kupewa, amuna opitilira 40 ayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kukayezetsa magazi mwachangu. Chizolowezi chimawonedwa ngati chisonyezo mpaka 6 mmol / l. Ngati ndizokwera kuposa chiwerengero ichi, bambo ayenera kupimidwa. Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kungachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maswiti m'mawa kusanthula, kupsinjika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso.

Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa amuna, monga akazi, kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 sangawonetse zizindikiro zapadera pazaka. Matenda a shuga, omwe amadziwika kuti amangotsala pang'ono kumwalira, ali ndi dzina loti "wakupha mwakachetechete". Inde, munthu sangakayikire matenda kwa zaka zambiri. Kutopa, kukwiya kumalongosoledwa ndi kuthamanga kwa moyo, ndi ludzu losatha - ndi chakudya.

Ndikofunika kulumikizana ndi dokotala ndi mawonekedwe:

mabala amachiritsa bwino, chisangalalo,
mutu umachitika
kukumbukira ndi kuwona,
kuzunzidwa ndi ludzu losalekeza
kuda nkhawa pokoka pafupipafupi (makamaka usiku),
Fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwanga
kuwonda kumawonedwa.

Ndi matenda ashuga, kusintha komweku kungachitike. Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa chithokomiro, munthu amatha kulemera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukwiya chifukwa chokhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, koma kulemera sikukula. Izi ndichifukwa njira za metabolic zimasokonekera. Mwamuna akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la potency. Ndi kumwa mowa, kuchuluka kwa malekezero nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Ngakhale wodwalayo amamwa madzi ambiri, khungu limasweka ndikutayika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kamadzi.

Kuphwanya ambiri kagayidwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa tsitsi, maonekedwe a kuyabwa kwa ziwalo za thupi. Mwa odwala ena, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mtima kumachitika, kugona kumasokonezeka, ndipo mphamvu yogwira ntchito imachepetsedwa. Pamaso pa zizindikiro zotere, kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kuyenera kuchitidwa, komanso ndi ultrasound ya peritoneum. Ngati matenda a shuga amakayikiridwa, madokotala amapereka mayeso ololera a glucose.

Momwe mawonekedwe a ana amakulira

Dzinali lomwe ana amatchedwa shuga limawonetsa kuti ana kapena achinyamata akuvutika ndi vutoli. Kodi ndimayani omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga mu achinyamata? Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Chifukwa choyamba ndikubadwa. Pali nthawi zina pomwe makolo adazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga mwana atawonekera. Matenda a shuga opezekera amakula chifukwa cha:

ma virus mthupi
zoopsa zamankhwala
matenda a kapamba (chifuwa chachikulu kapena kapamba),
kufooka chitetezo
kubadwa kulemera kuposa 4 kg
kumwa mankhwala osokoneza ntchito za kapamba.

Ana, ngati akuluakulu, amatha kudwala kunenepa kwambiri, kudya zakudya zopanda pake, kukhala ndi moyo wokhala chete. Popewa, ndikofunikira kupatula ana opaka, tchipisi, zakudya mwachangu, zakumwa zochokera mu mpweya kuchokera ku zakudya za ana. Kuonera TV komanso kuphunzira pakompyuta sikuyenera kusintha malo oyenda mlengalenga.

Mukawona mwana, mutha kuzindikira zomwe zimachitika munthu akamadwala matenda ashuga, zomwe:

kulakalaka
kusachita bwino kusukulu
kusakhazikika
kuwodzera popanda chifukwa
ludzu pafupipafupi (ngakhale pakati pausiku)
Maonekedwe a chimbudzi (mu makanda),
zotupa pakhungu
Kusintha kwa mkodzo
vulvitis (mwa atsikana),
matenda oyamba ndi fungus
chimfine pafupipafupi.

Ngati, pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga, mankhwalawa sayambika, ndiye pambuyo pa milungu itatu mwana adzayamba ketoacidosis, yomwe imayenderana ndi kupweteka, mseru, ndi kusanza. Mavuto akuluakulu, mwana amatha kudwala matenda ashuga.

Kaya zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa ana kapena akulu, chithandizo sichimawachotsera onse. Zomwe wodwala angachite ndikusintha njira yazakudya, moyo komanso zovuta zina.

Ndi matenda awa, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzitse wodwala kudya pafupipafupi, koma dziwani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.

Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, akatswiri azakudya amapanga menyu yomwe muyenera kutsatira pamoyo wanu wonse.

Njira zopewera

Akuluakulu ndi ana ali ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Heri sangasinthidwe, koma zinthu zina zimayikidwa mwa munthu. Chifukwa chake, ngati njira yoletsera ndiyofunikira

Chotsani zakudya zopanda pake
kuchita masewera kawiri pa sabata,
chiritsani matenda opatsirana komanso ma virus,
kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira
sinthani mkhalidwe wanu kukhala wopanikizika,
lekani zizolowezi zoyipa,
phatikizani masamba ndi zipatso zambiri m'zakudya,
kupewa kunenepa.

Kwa ana, kuyamwitsa ndiko njira yabwino yopewera. Tikuthokoza, mwana amakula chitetezo chokwanira - njira yoteteza ku matenda ambiri. Mukamakula, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Atsikana saloledwa kudya mosamalitsa. Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la mantha, amakhala wokhumudwa komanso kuda nkhawa, kufunsira ndi psychotherapist ndikofunikira. Ndikofunika kuphunzitsa munthu momwe angatithandizire kuthana ndimavuto am'moyo kwinaku bata.

Ngati, mwa njira zonse zodzitetezera, munthu akukumana ndi matendawa, ndiye kumwa mankhwala omwe amayambitsa shuga m'magazi amakhala yankho. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe sangasiyidwe mwangozi. Mavuto a matenda ashuga angayambitse kuchepa kwa miyendo, zilonda zam'mimba, matenda ashuga, kusowa pang'ono pang'ono m'maso, mano, komanso kulephera kwa impso. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chikuyenera kuyambika mutazindikira kuti mwazindikira.