Mimbulu Acetone
Mphindi 8 Wolemba Lyubov Dobretsova 1614
Mawu akuti acetone mu mkodzo amakhala ndi zotanthauzira zambiri - "acetonuria", "matupi a acetone", "ketones", "ketonuria", "matupi a ketone mumkodzo", koma ndi machitidwe onse amthupi limodzi. Kuwonetsedwa uku kukuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma ketoni m'madzi omwe impso zimapangidwa.
Zambiri za acetonuria
Gawo loyamba ndikuwona mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a matupi a ketone - izi zikuthandizira kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwazowopsa za acetonuria. Ikufotokozanso chifukwa chake kupendekera kwakukulu kumafunikira kuchipatala msanga. Mawu ofanana kwambiri ndi ma ketones, makamaka pakati pa madokotala (ngakhale amafanana ndi akatswiri a jargon (slang)), ndi acetone. Liwuli limatenga mizu yake kuchokera ku Latin "acetum", yomwe imamasulira kuti acid.
Zowona zakale! Leopold Gmelin (Leopold Gmelin) - pulofesa wa sayansi yamatenda ndi zamankhwala ku Germany kuyambira 1848 adayambitsa mawuwa pakugwiritsidwa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito liwu lakale lachijeremani "aketon", lomwe limachokera ku Latin "acetum". Mawuwa pambuyo pake adadzakhala dzina limodzi lalikulu la ma ketones kapena acetone mu mankhwala.
Matupi a Ketone (awa akuphatikizapo acetone, acetoacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid) ndi mankhwala omwe amawonongeka ndi ma enzymes a chiwindi kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zimalowa m'thupi. Pafupifupi ma lipids onse (mafuta), komanso mapuloteni ena, amatenga nawo gawo pazomwe amapereka.
Mpaka posachedwa, ketonuria inali yosowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri inkapezeka mu mkodzo wa ana kapena amayi oyembekezera. Izi ndichifukwa cha magawo a mapangidwe a ziwalo zina (mwachitsanzo, kapamba) mwa ana ndi amayi apakati omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu mthupi la mayi. Koma tsopano kupatuka kofananako ku chizolowezi nthawi zambiri kumapezeka mwa abambo akuluakulu ndi amayi omwe si amayi oyembekezera.
Mwa anthu ambiri, matupi a ketone amapezeka mthupi laling'ono - ndi mtundu wina wamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa chidwi chawo kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo za anthu ndi machitidwe awo, ndikuwadzetsa kuwawa. Kwenikweni, ndi chapakati acetonuria, dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati limavutika, ngakhale monga chimbudzi, kupuma kapena kwamikodzo sizimacheperako, ndipo chotulukapo chake, mkhalidwe wa munthu ukuipiraipira.
Nthawi zina, njirayi imatha kuchitika mwachangu komanso imayambitsa imfa. Izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a zamadzimadzi kagayidwe kachakudya matenda. Chofunikira kwambiri chakumapeto kwake ndi shuga (shuga), mosasamala kanthu komwe amalowa m'thupi - kuchokera kuzakudya, zowonjezera zakudya, mankhwala kapena njira yamapangidwe a ma cell.
Kuzindikira kwathunthu kumachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe kokwanira ka insulin ya kapamba, komwe ndikofunikira pakuchita kwa shuga. Ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya pancreatic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulini, shuga amalowa m'maselo osakwana kofunikira, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwawo ndi njala.
Kubwezeretsanso kuperekera kwa chakudya m'maselo, mapuloteni ndi lipids zimawonongeka, chifukwa cha chomwe matupi a ketone amasulidwa. Ngati zomwe akambirana zipitilira muyeso wovomerezeka (20-50 mg / tsiku), ndiye kuti izi zimafanana ndi zoopsa pakugwirira ntchito kwa thupi ndipo akufunika chithandizo choyenera.
Chifukwa chiyani acetonuria imayamba?
Zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe a acetone mu mkodzo zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, koma kufanana kwawo kumagona m'zakudya zosayenera (zopanda malire), zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi. Izi zimaphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri amtundu wa nyama, komanso kunyalanyaza mankhwalawa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zoyipa za kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya (nyengo yotentha) komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zitha kudziwika. Kuchulukitsa kwa acetone mu mkodzo mwa anthu akuluakulu kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha chakudya chopanda chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chomanga thupi chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mapuloteni ena.
Ketonuria pamwambapa imakula msanga, koma nthawi zambiri patatha masiku 2-3, ndipo kupangika kwa mkodzo kumabwereranso ku mawonekedwe. Ngati matupi a acetone akatsimikiza mkati mwa masiku 5 kapena kuposerapo, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala kuti akuuzeni malangizo ndi kuwunikira kwathupi lonse.
Matupi a Ketone mu mkodzo amatha kukhala mawonetseredwe oyambilira a kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, ndipo amatha kukhala zotsatira za kusintha kwa pathological. Acetonuria, monga lamulo, imawonedwa likufanana ndi acetonemia (acetone m'magazi), popeza ma ketoni ochokera m'magazi amayamba kuchotsedwa mwamphamvu chifukwa cha impso yomaliza, ndipo amatumizidwa kumkodzo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda achilengedwe omwe amakulitsa acetone mu mkodzo ndi awa:
- magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha zotupa za m'mimba ndi matumbo aang'ono,
- khansa, leukemia (matenda oopsa a hematopoietic system),
- chithokomiro (kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro),
- kuvulala, ntchito limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa shuga,
- kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi parenchyma chifukwa cha uchidakwa,
- stenosis (kupendekera kwa lumen) kwam'mero kapena m'mimba,
- kuchepa magazi kwambiri (kuchepa hemoglobin),
- cachexia wamphamvu (wotopa kwambiri),
- kupsinjika, mantha, kulimbitsa thupi,
- shuga wowonjezera,
- neoplasms mu ubongo,
- toxicosis pa nthawi yapakati,
- matenda amtundu
- kukangana
- chifuwa chachikulu.
Komanso ketonuria imatha kuwoneka ndi poyizoni wokhala ndi mchere wazitsulo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali (maantibayotiki kapena atropine). Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za mawonekedwe a acetone mu mkodzo mwa ana m'nkhaniyi.
Mawonetsero akuluakulu a acetone okwera mumkodzo
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ketonuria poyamba, nthawi zambiri, zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo fungo lokhazikika la mkamwa kuchokera pakamwa lingatanthauze kuti panali zovuta zina mthupi. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zowonjezera monga:
- kudya kwakachepa, komwe kumayambitsa kukanidwa kwa zakudya ndi zakumwa,
- zimachitika mseru pambuyo kudya kapena kusanza,
- Fungo la acetone lochokera mkodzo pokodza,
- kuphwanya ntchito yogaya chakudya (kudzimbidwa, kutsekula m'mimba),
- kupweteka kwamankhwala m'dera lachiwombolo,
- pallor ndi kuuma kwa khungu ndi mucous nembanemba.
Kwa mawonekedwe apamwamba a matendawa, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika, zomwe zimayamba pang'onopang'ono kapena kuwonjezeka mofulumira:
- chisokonezo tulo, kugona tulo,
- kukulitsa chiwindi
- kuledzera thupi
- kusowa kwamadzi kwambiri
- chikomokere.
Mawonekedwe oterewa amafunikira kuchipatala msanga, komwe amafunikira kuyesa mkodzo chifukwa cha acetone, komanso mayeso ena onse kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake matendawa adayamba komanso momwe ayenera kulandira chithandizo. Werengani zambiri za mawonekedwe a acetone mu mkodzo panthawi yapakati mutha kuwerengera m'nkhaniyi.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi ketonuria
Ngati vuto la munthu silili lovuta, ndiye kuti, kupha thupi kwa matupi a ketone sikunadziwonetse okha mwa zisonyezo zazikulu, ndiye kuti choyambirira kuchita ndikuchezera dokotala kuti mukawone. An anamnesis adzasonkhanitsidwa munjira, yomwe ikhoza kuwunikira pazomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa ketonuria. Kenako, malingana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwake, njira yolandirira yoyenera imapangika - chithandizo pamaziko apadera kapena kuchipatala.
Ma ketoni akapezeka mumkodzo, mankhwalawa adzachitika mbali zingapo. Pamaso pa matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi acetonuria, njira zimayenera kuchitidwa kuti zithetsedwe kapena kukhazikika pakati pa wodwalayo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ayenera kumamwa mankhwala nthawi zonse, komanso kupereka magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira zakudya.
Fungo la acetone limawonetsa kukhalapo kwa poizoni woposa omwe amatchulidwa kuti ndi abwinobwino, chifukwa chake ayenera kuchotsedwa. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito adsorbents - Polysorb, Enterosgel kapena ochiritsira kukonzanso kaboni.
Komanso pazolinga izi, enemas yoyeretsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati izi zimachitika mwa mayi wapakati motsutsana ndi poyizoni, ndiye kuti muchepetse poyizoni mwachangu, kulowetsedwa kwamankhwala kumachitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kulakalaka kusanza kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mumwe madzi pang'ono, ndiye kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kumwa pang'ono pokha osati tiyi wotsekemera kapena shuga. Matupi a ketone akapezeka mkodzo, odwala amapatsidwa madzi amchere ndi zinthu zamchere, komanso njira zothetsera madzi amkamwa, monga Regidron, Chlorazole ndi ena. Ngati wodwala akudwala malungo, mankhwala othandizira antiretretic ndi mankhwala ena amtundu wa mankhwala amakhazikika.
Mfundo yofunikira kwambiri pochiritsa wodwalayo kapena kukhazikika pamatenda ake ndi ketonuria ndikutsatira njira zazikulu zopezera zakudya zoyenera. Msuzi wamafuta onenepa, zakudya yokazinga, zipatso za malalanje, zipatso ndi maswiti siziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusankha zokonda zamasamba, chimanga, mitundu yamafuta ndi nsomba.
Ngati palibe zabwino pamanthawi othandizira odwala kwa masiku 4-5, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amagonekedwa kuchipatala ndipo odwala amakulimbikitsani kwambiri. Zimaphatikizanso kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala ndi Drip, komanso njira zovuta zomwe zimathandizira kuthandizira kwa mankhwalawa.
Kudzisankhira nokha mulingo wa matupi a ketone
Milingo ya ketone ya urin ndiyosavuta kudziwa kunyumba, ndipo uwu ndi mwayi wabwino, makamaka kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Pali zingwe zapadera zodziwira acetone, zomwe zitha kugulidwa mosavuta pafupi ndi mankhwala aliwonse. Ndikosavuta kuyesa kotere, ndipo kwa amayi omwe asankha mobwerezabwereza kuti adziwe njira yotere, sizivuta konse.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga gawo la mkodzo m'mawa, mutagwira chimbudzi chamtunduwu ndikulowetsa khomo la kumaliseche ndi swab ya thonje. Kenako yambitsani chingwe ndi gawo lomaliza mwamkati ndi mkodzo, gwiritsitsani masekondi angapo. Kenako gwedezani zotsalira za mkodzo, dikirani pang'ono ndikufanizira mthunziwo ndi mitundu yomwe ikuwoneka pamayeso oyeserera.
Ngati zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi pinki kulocha, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti kupezeka kwa ma ketones ndikwapamwamba kuposa kwawonekera, koma pang'ono. Mtundu wa violet umawonetsa zinthu zambiri za acetone, zomwe zimafunikira kupita ku chipatala mwachangu.
Dokotala wodziwika bwino wa ana komanso otsogolera Komarovsky amalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti makolo omwe ali ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azikhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyesera kunyumba kuti adziwe ngati ali mumkodzo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzilamulira khansa ya mwana, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti mupewe zovuta pakapita nthawi, monga hyperglycemic coma.