Hypercholesterolemia ndi chiyani? Mitundu ya hypercholesterolemia ndi momwe zimakhalira pakukula kwa matenda

Hypercholesterolemia Chithandizo

Chithandizo cha mankhwala a hypercholesterolemia imakhala mu kuperekera kwa ma statins, othandizira a bile acids, michere, mayamwidwe amafuta a cholesterol m'matumbo, mafuta acids.Pakapezeka magazi ogwirizana, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti magazi azigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Pakukonzekera kwa lipid metabolism, xanthomas nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa. Ngati izi sizingachitike, amachotsedwa ndi njira ya opaleshoni, kapena ndi cryodestruction, laser kapena magetsi.

Odwala homozygous okhala ndi hypercholesterolemia, mankhwala othandizira nthawi zambiri amakhala osathandiza. Panthawi imeneyi, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito plasmapheresis pakadutsa milungu iwiri pakati pamachitidwe. Woopsa milandu, kufalikira kwa chiwindi ndikofunikira.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa kwa mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kukonza thupi kwambiri komanso moyo wathanzi: kupuma bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta fodya, komanso kudya.

Zotsatira ndi zovuta

Hypercholesterolemia imatha kutsogola kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Mwakutero, izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Kuphwanya magazi m'zigawo zotsika kumathandizira kuti pakhale zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe muzochuluka kwambiri zingayambitse minofu necrosis komanso kufunika kokadula nthambi.

Ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya carotid, kufalitsidwa kwamatumbo kumasokonezeka, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndikuphwanya ntchito za ubongo, kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira, ndipo kumatha kubweretsa sitiroko.

Ikayala zolembedwa za atherosulinotic pakhoma la aortic, imakhala yocheperachepera ndipo imataya kaso. Potengera maziko awa, kutsika kwa magazi kosalekeza kumatsogolera kutambalala kwa khoma la msempha, kuwonjezereka (aneurysm) kumakhala pachiwopsezo chotumphukira ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha kukha kwamkati kwamkati ndikuwopsa.

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Zambiri Zokhudza Hypercholesterolemia

Cholesterol ndi mankhwala okhala ndi michere, mafuta m'gulu la lipids. . Amagwira nawo machitidwe ambiri omwe amatsimikizira kuti moyo wa munthu: umatsimikiza kuuma, kuchuluka kwa ma membala am'magazi, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi endocrine tiziwalo tambiri kumanga mahomoni ogonana, ndi gawo lofunikira la bile, lofunikira pakudya chimbudzi, ndi zina zambiri.

Cholesterol siyisungunuka m'magazi, chifukwa ndi mafuta. Kuchokera kumwamba imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cha mamolekyulu amapuloteni - chifukwa chake amatchedwa lipoprotein. Pali mitundu inayi ya zinthu izi: otsika kwambiri, otsika, apakati komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Mitundu itatu yoyambirira imayikidwa pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga zolembera za atherosclerotic, awa ndi LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins), kapena "cholesterol" yoyipa. Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri (HDL) ndi "abwino" - amachotsa cholesterol m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikuyiyika ku chiwindi.

Mapangidwe a atherosulinotic, okhala ndi 60% cholesterol, amachepetsa lumen ya mitsempha, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayenderera kudzera mwa iwo, ndipo ndi omwe amayambitsa kwambiri atherosulinosis. Kufalikira kwathunthu kwa mitsempha kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda owopsa a mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, ubongo, miyendo - myocardial infarction, ziwindi, gangrene. Popewa tsoka, matenda ayenera kutsimikizika posachedwa ndipo chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba.

Zoyambitsa Hypercholesterolemia

Kamodzi mu thupi la munthu, mafuta aliwonse, kuphatikiza cholesterol, amawonongeka, amalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yama cell, kenako ndikumawatumiza ku ziwalo ndi minyewa mothandizidwa ndi zotumphukira za m'mimba pogwiritsa ntchito lipoproteins. Ngati LDL ipereka mafuta ochulukirapo kumisempha ya minofu, hypercholesterolemia imachitika. Kupatuka kulikonse pazomwe zimapangidwa pakapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito cholesterol kumathandizira kudwala:

• kaphatikizidwe kwambiri
• kuphwanya lamulo
• kudya kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pathological ndi:

1. Hypercholesterolemia ya pulayimale kapena ya m'mabanja imachitika chifukwa cha cholowa chotengera chibadwa chomwe chimachokera kwa makolo kuchokera kwa makolo. Ndi matenda obadwa nawo, zotsatirazi zimathina:

• kapangidwe ka protein lipoproteins,
• kudziwa kwa maselo am'mimba kupita ku lipoproteins,
• kaphatikizidwe ka michere ya mayendedwe.

2. Njira yachiwiri yamatendawa imayambitsidwa ndi matenda ndi mthupi zotsatirazi:

• mavuto, nkhawa,
• kusintha kwa mahomoni,
• nephrotic syndrome - kuwonongeka kwa impso, komwe kumadziwika ndi kutsika kwakanthawi kwamapuloteni mumkodzo ndikuwonetsedwa ndi edema thupi lonse.
• matenda ashuga
• hypothyroidism - kusowa kosatha kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu kwamahomoni a chithokomiro,
• matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kumangokhala.

3. Maonekedwe a alimentary mawonekedwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi njira yolakwika:

• Kumwa mafuta kwambiri m'thupi chifukwa cha chakudya komanso kuchepa kwa thupi kosakwanira chifukwa cha zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kadyedwe koyenera. Mwachitsanzo, kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zopakidwa mafuta anyama kumathandiza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi.
• Nthawi zonse.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena - beta-blockers, okodzetsa, etc.
• Hypodynamia - ntchito yosakwanira yamagalimoto.
• Kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusadya mokwanira.

Chithandizo chovuta cha hypercholesterolemia chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutsatira malamulo a moyo wathanzi, njira zatsopano, ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumatheka pokhapokha ngati kunenepa kwambiri, kukana kumwa mowa ndi kusuta fodya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira komanso kudya. Woopsa mitundu yamatenda, kusintha kusintha kapangidwe ndi magazi amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Magulu otsatirawa a mankhwala ndi othandizadi kuchiza matenda:

• ma statins - tsekani ntchito za ma enzyme omwe amapanga cholesterol, imathandizira njira yowonongeka kwa lipid,
• matumbo cholesterol mayamwidwe - otsika LDL,
• michere - yambitsa zochita za ma enzymesi omwe amalimbikitsa metabolism yamafuta,
• zotsekemera - zimathandizira kupanga mafuta achilengedwe ndi chiwindi, pomwe zimadya mafuta amthupi ndikuchepetsa mulingo wake m'magazi,
• omega-3 polyunsaturated fat acids - sinthani mulingo wa mafuta ena opindulitsa ndi owopsa, pogwiritsa ntchito omaliza.

Chithandizo cha anthu

Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, mutha kukonzekera ma decoctions, infusions, teti yozikidwa pa zitsamba zamankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo za zovuta kuchitira mankhwala kapena zodzithandiza zokha. Chithandizo cha hypercholesterolemia chitha kukhala chothandiza ngati mugwiritsa ntchito muzu wa dandelion, flaxseed, m'chiuno chakumapira, nyemba, nyemba, etc. Njira zomwe zakonzedwa malinga ndi wowerengeka wowerengeka ndiosavuta kukonzekera komanso kupezeka:

1. Thirani mizu 60 ya hemp mizu mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, wiritsani ndi simmer pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi 10. Imwani 100 ga musanadye maola 4 aliwonse. Kwa iwo omwe sangathe kuyimilira fungo la pawindo, mutha kuwonjezera mafuta pang'ono pamtengo msuzi.
2. Supuni 1 ya chowawa pachaka (makamaka masamba) kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, kunena. Tiyi iyenera kukhala yosangalatsa, yowawa pang'ono. Imwani kapu imodzi ya mphindi 20 mutatha kudya katatu patsiku.
3. Ikani 20 g zouma za rosehip mu mbale ya enamel ndi kutsanulira kapu ya madzi owiritsa. Ikani kusamba kwamadzi, kuyika moto pang'ono, simmer kwa mphindi 15, ndiye ozizira komanso mavuto. Imwani kapu theka kawiri patsiku.
4. Phatikizani nyemba za mkaka ndi ufa, tengani supuni imodzi ndi chakudya.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Kuchotsa cholesterol yowonjezereka m'thupi, zakudya ziyenera kutsatiridwa kwa mwezi wopitilira. Zakudya za odwala matenda am'magazi ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana, zamagulu, zopangidwa ndi zinthu komanso zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti metabolism ikhale ndi mphamvu, anti-sclerotic athari, yothandizidwa ndi mavitamini, ma mineral complexes.

Odwala omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia, xanthomas imakonda kuchitika - ma neoplasms a cutaneous ochokera kumaselo osinthika, omwe ali ndi timinofu timene timakhala ndi lipid inclusions. Xanthomas imayendera mitundu yonse ya hypercholesterolemia, kukhala imodzi mwazowonetsa za kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism. Kukula kwawo sikumayendetsedwa ndi zomverera zirizonse, kuphatikiza apo, zimakonda kuyambiranso.

Xanthomas agawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:

• kuphulika - mapepala ang'ono achikasu, otchuka kwambiri m'chiuno ndi matako,
• kwambiri - akhale ndi mawonekedwe akulu kapena zotupa, zomwe, monga lamulo, zimapezekapo matako, mawondo, nsapato, kumbuyo kwa zala, nkhope, scalp. Ma Neoplasms amatha kukhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wa bulauni, malire ofiira kapena a cyanotic,
• tendon - apangidwira makamaka pamalo a extensor tendon ndi Achilles tendon,
• lathyathyathya - nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'makola akhungu, makamaka m'manja
• xanthelasma - xanthomas athyathyathya a eyelids, omwe ndimachikasu achikasu otukulidwa pamwamba pakhungu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa akazi, osakonda kuchita zokha.

Chowonetsera china cha hypercholesterolemia ndi mawonekedwe a cholesterol pamtunda wa ziphuphu za diso (lipoid arc of the cornea), yomwe imawoneka ngati mkombero wa utoto woyera kapena wonyereza. Lipoid arc ya cornea imawonedwa nthawi zambiri mwa omwe amasuta ndipo pafupifupi sangasinthe. Kukhalapo kwake kukuwonetsa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a mtima.

Ndi mawonekedwe a homozygous a mabanja a hypercholesterolemia, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwamankhwala a cholesterol kumawonedwa, komwe kumawonetsedwa mwa kupangika kwa xanthomas ndi lechid cornea yomwe ili kale paubwana. Mu nthawi ya kutha msambo, odwala oterewa amatha kuwonongeka kwa ma atteric orifice ndi stenosis yamitsempha yama mtima ndikukula kwa chiwonetsero cha matenda a mtima. Pankhaniyi, kuperewera kwa mphamvu pachimake, komwe kumatha kupangitsa kuti afe, sikuchotsedwa.

Mtundu wa heterozygous wa mabanja a hypercholesterolemia, monga lamulo, suwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali, kumawonekera ngati kukanika mtima kwamtima komwe kumakula kale. Komanso, mwa akazi, zizindikiro zoyambira zam'mimba zimakula pafupifupi zaka 10 m'mbuyomu kuposa amuna.

Hypercholesterolemia imatha kutsogola kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Mwakutero, izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yamagazi kumapangitsa mkwiyo wa atherosulinosis, womwe, umawonekeranso ndi mtima wam'magazi (makamaka zotupa za mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi yam'munsi, koma kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi ziwiya zam'mimba, etc., ndizothekanso).

Hypercholesterolemia ndi chiyani?

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a zamizerezi zimatha kukhala mwa majini. Njira yofananira yamatumbo imayikidwa ngati hypercholesterolemia, kapena SG, mwanjira ina - seminal hypercholesterolemia. Kulandila jini lolemala kuchokera kwa bambo wa mayi kapena makolo awiri nthawi imodzi, mwana atha kukhala ndi matenda ofotokozedwera pobadwa.

Komabe, SG muubwana simapezeka kwenikweni, popeza vutoli limawonekera pokhapokha ngati nthawi ikudziwonekera lokha, pomwe mawonekedwe awonetsedwe amakhala osadziwika.

Gawoli lomwe limavomerezedwa kwambiri limawerengedwa kuti limadzipatula malinga ndi Frederickson, ngakhale kuti zovuta zina zamtundu wa lipid kuchokera pamenepo zitha kumveka kwa katswiri wazomwezi. Malinga ndi ICD 10, komwe ndi gulu lachipatala lomwe limavomerezedwa kwambiri, mkhalidwe wam'magazi, ndiye kuti, hypercholesterolemia yolandila, walandila code E78.0 ndipo wayimirira m'gulu la kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la endocrine ndi vuto la metabolic.

Zofunika! Ngati hypercholesterolemia yapezeka, chakudya cha wodwalayo chiyenera kutsatiridwa mogwirizana ndi malingaliro onse a dokotala.

Mphamvu yachiwiri ya hypercholesterolemia imayamba pang'onopang'ono pomwe pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimandilowetsa m'magazi. Kuphatikiza pa momwe zinthu ziliri komanso zifukwa zake, kuphatikiza komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala komwe kumapangitsa kuti matenda a zamatsenga akhalepo, pali zinthu zina zomwe zitha kuwopsa. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera nkhaniyi mpaka kumapeto kuti mudziwe chomwe chakudyacho chili ndi hypercholesterolemia.

Kugawika kwakukulu kwa matenda a pathological kumakhazikitsidwa pazomwe zimayambitsa kuyambika ndi kupitilira, komabe, alibe chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane wa maphunzirowa kapena mawonekedwe akunja owonetsa mawonekedwe a hypercholesterolemia.

Gawoli lili ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali patebulopo.

Hypercholesterolemia ya pulayimale imagawidwa m'mabanja osagwirizana, omwe amapita patsogolo komanso amapezeka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa munthu wamitundu yodziwika yomwe idatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo awiri, komanso cholowa kwa heterozygous, pomwe ndi kholo limodzi lokha lomwe linali ndi jini. Mitundu yotsirizayi imapezeka mu 90% ya odwala, pomwe homozygous matenda oopsa ndi vuto limodzi pa 1,000,000.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a hypercholesterolemia ndi chiyani?

Pali zochitika zingapo za pathological zomwe zimakonda kupangitsa kuti hypercholesterolemia ichuluke.

Mavuto azaumoyo monga awa:

• matenda ashuga,
• hypothyroidism
• nephrotic syndrome,
• matenda a chiwindi,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane kukonzekera kwina kwa mankhwala.

Zowopsa zake ndi izi:

• majini - SG
• Zizindikiro zochuluka za kulemera kwa thupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'thupi,
• chisokonezo cha kagayidwe kachakudya,
• chisonkhezero chambiri cha zopsinjika,
• kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi
• matenda oopsa
• mosalekeza
• Zakudya zopanda pake.

Pansi pa kuphatikiza zingapo mwazinthu izi, mwayi wa hypercholesterolemia umachulukana nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimafunikira kuti awonjezere chidwi chawo komanso kusintha momwe amakhalanso ndi moyo wabwino.

Hypercholesterolemia ndi chiyani?

Hypercholesterolemia ndi lingaliro Lachi Greek lomwe limatanthawuza cholesterol yamagazi yambiri. Chodabwitsachi sichitha kutchedwa kuti kumvetsetsa kwamatenda, m'malo mwake, ndi matenda, omwe, komabe, ndi owopsa kwa anthu.

Chimakhala chofala kwambiri mu gawo la amuna ndipo chimayambitsa matenda:

• matenda ashuga
• mtima ischemia
• matenda a ndulu
• cholesterol amana
• atherosulinosis
• onenepa kwambiri.

Hypercholesterolemia yoyera imatha kupezeka ngati 1 lita imodzi ya cholesterol yamagazi ili ndi 200 mg kapena kuposa. Anapatsidwa nambala ya mkb 10 - E78.0.

Kodi cholesterol yochuluka imachokera kuti?

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mafuta, ambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi palokha ndipo pafupifupi 20% yokha amachokera ku chakudya. Pamafunika popanga vitamini D, kulengedwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugaya chakudya komanso kupanga mahomoni.

Pamaso pa hypercholesterolemia, thupi silingathe kupanga kuchuluka konse kwamafuta. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa kwambiri, munthu akamadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri komanso zakudya zotere ndizomwe zimakhalapo pachakudya.

Komanso, cholesterol yochulukirapo imatha kuonedwa ndi matenda ndi zovuta zina zotsatirazi:

• matenda a chiwindi
• hypothyroidism (chithokomiro chosasunthika),
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali (progestins, steroids, diuretics),
• zovuta zamavuto ndi nkhawa,
• kusintha kwa mahomoni,
• nephrotic syndrome.

Mu gawo loyambalo, zizindikiro sizipezeka konse, zimayamba kuonekera kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawo. Pambuyo pake, izi zimasandulika kukhala zizindikiritso za matenda oopsa kapena atherosulinosis, zomalizirazi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi matenda.

Mitundu yamatenda ndi kusiyana kwawo

Izi zamtundu wa gulu zimafotokozedwa potengera zifukwa zomwe adayambira.

Mwambiri, pali mitundu itatu yamatendawa, iyi ndi:

Fomu yoyambirira sinaphunziridwe pang'ono, kotero lero pakadalibe njira yotsimikizira kuti ithe. Koma, molingana ndi lingaliro la Fredrickson, ndichabadwa ndipo mwina chimayamba chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa majini. Fomo la homozygous ndiye kufalitsa kwa matenda opatsirana kwa mwana kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri, heterozygous - jini lomwe linaphwanyidwa limachokera kwa mmodzi wa makolo.

Pali zifukwa zinanso zitatu:

• lipoproteins zosalongosoka,
• minyewa yamatsenga,
• kapangidwe kosalongosoka ka michere ya mayendedwe.

Yachiwiri mawonekedwe a hypercholesterolemia amapezeka kale ndi zovuta zina ndi ma pathologies m'thupi, atha kuphatikizira:

Fomu lachitatu, alimentary, limatuluka chifukwa cha moyo wopanda pake, zizolowezi zoyipa komanso kusowa kwa masewera.

Zoyambitsa zake zitha kukhala motere:

• kusuta
• kumwa kwambiri
• kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zamafuta,
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
• zakudya zopanda pake ndi zowonjezera zamankhwala.

Njira yakunja ya mawonekedwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, popanda mawonekedwe akunja. Matendawa atha kupangidwa chifukwa cha kuyezetsa magazi ngati mulingo wa cholesterol uposa 5.18 mmol pa lita imodzi.

Zambiri za banja hypercholesterolemia

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabanja imayamba pakubadwa ndipo imayenda limodzi ndi moyo wonse. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka mu mawonekedwe oyamba, omwe amadzilamulira okha, amatuluka kuchokera kwa kholo (mawonekedwe a heterozygous) kapena onse awiri (homozygous).

Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya heterozygous, theka lokha la B E receptors limagwira ntchito kwa wodwala, ndipo pafupipafupi milandu imagwera pa munthu m'modzi mwa 500. Mwa anthu otere, cholesterol yamagazi imakhala pafupifupi 2 mochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse, kuyambira 9 mpaka 12 mmol / lita.

Mtundu wa heterozygous wa hypercholesterolemia wa mabanja ungadziwike ngati:

• mafuta a cholesterol m'misempha, kuwapangitsa kukhala ochulukirapo,
• corneal lipid arch (sangaoneke),
• mtima ischemia (mwa amuna pambuyo pa 40, mwa akazi ngakhale pambuyo pake).

Ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda kuyambira ubwana, kuchititsa prophylaxis ndi kutsatira zakudya. Ndikofunika kuti usaiwale za izi mu moyo wonse.

Mavuto a mtima ayamba asanakwanitse zaka 20, sangathe kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala, choncho kuyika chiwindi ndikofunikira.

Ndi homozygous achibale hypercholesterolemia, kuphwanya kumawonedwa osati m'chigawo cha tendon, komanso matako, mawondo, mikono, ngakhale nembanemba yamkamwa.

Pakhalapo nthawi zina odwala matenda amtima wamtima ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Mankhwala, njira monga plasmapheresis kapena plasmosorption amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwoneka koyambirira kwa myocardial infarction kumatha kunena za cholowa cha hypercholesterolemia, pomwe zinthu monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo siziphatikizidwa.

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala

Hypercholesterolemia ndi njira yolunjika pakukula kwa atherosulinosis, kusiyana kumangokhala kwakanthawi kochepa, kamatengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Ndi hypercholesterolemia yam'banja, lipoproteins imalephera kuphatikiza ndi cholesterol, imatumiza kwa chiwalo chilichonse.

Zolemba za cholesterol zimawonekeranso, zimayambitsa mavuto monga:

• mtima
• mavuto mu ntchito yamitsempha yamagazi,
• magazi osakwanira mbali zonse za thupi.

Zonsezi zimayambitsa matenda ena, koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba kubadwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ngakhale adakali ana. Milingo ya cholesterol imalumikizidwa ndi matenda owonekeratu. Magulu onse omwe ali ndi vuto la hypercholesterolemia ali ndi chiwopsezo cha zovuta zake.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala otsatirawa ndi a mankhwala othana ndi matenda:

• Madera (cholesterol yotsika, muchepetse kutupa, imapereka chitetezo ku ziwiya zolimba, koma zitha kuvulaza chiwindi, choncho mankhwalawo sioyenera matenda a chiwalo ichi),
• Ezetimibe (mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol ndi maselo, koma magwiridwe ake siwofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chakuti cholesterol yambiri imapangidwa ndi thupi lomwe),
• Ma fimu (kuchepetsa triglycerides komanso munthawi yomweyo kumachulukitsa lipoproteins yapamwamba),
• Omwe amachokera (kutsuka cholesterol kuchokera ku mafuta acids, koma chopanda ndikuti amatha kuthana ndi digestibility ya chakudya ndi masamba).

Milandu yayikulu ya matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa magazi, kuyang'anira mawonekedwe ake ndi katundu wake, chifukwa amatengedwa kunja kwa thupi.

Makanema aku Dr. Malysheva okhudzana ndi cholowa cha matenda obadwa nawo:

Momwe mungasinthire zinthu popanda mankhwala?

Komanso, osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe wodwalayo ayenera kuchita atakambirana ndi adokotala, amatenga gawo laling'ono.

• kulimbitsa thupi mulingo woyenera,
• dosed masewera
• kukanidwa kwamafuta a nyama,
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Pali mankhwala wowerengeka omwe amathandiza polimbana ndi hypercholesterolemia, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mukakambirana ndi adokotala, kuti musadzivulaze.

Zizindikiro zakunja ndi mawonekedwe owonetsa a mkhalidwe wamatsenga

Kuyankhula ngati chizindikiro chokhacho, chomwe chimatsimikizika pokhapokha mayeso ena a labotale, makamaka lipidograms, hypercholesterolemia imawulula cholesterol yamagazi, zotsatira zake zonse sizogwirizana, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri:

• triglycerides
• milingo yapamwamba
• otsika osalimba lipoproteins.

Ntchito yayikulu yothandizira labotale ndikulekanitsa kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa cholesterol yomwe ili m'magawo ndi kudziwa zomwe lipoproteins yokhala ndi zizindikiro zotsika zam'munsi pazitsekerezo za mtima.

Muzochitika zina zotsogola bwino, matenda a zam'mimba amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera, malinga ndi pomwe katswiriyo ali ndi mwayi wokhazikitsa kuzindikira koyenera. Pali zisonyezo zingapo zingapo zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa kukula ndi kukhudzika kwa gawo la sekondale kapena cholowa cha hypercholesterolemia.

Mawonekedwe akunja ali ndi izi:

1. Lipoid arc ya cornea, yomwe imagwira ntchito monga umboni wa kukhalapo kwa LH, pomwe m'badwo wa wodwalayo sufika pazaka 50.
2. Xanthelasma, yomwe ndi yauve wachikasu pamiyala yapamwamba kwambiri ya malekezero a eyel, koma matani sangawonekere akaonedwa ndi munthu wamba.
3. Xanthomas (wojambulidwa), yemwe amaimiridwa ndi timinofu ta cholesterol yomwe ili pansi pa tendons.

Xanthomas ndi xanthelasms zimatha kudziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuuma komanso kuuma. Lingaliro la kudziwa njira yothetsera kuchotsa liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.

Unyinji waukulu wa mawonetseredwe amphongo ndi zotsatira za kupita patsogolo kwa mkhalidwe wamatumbo, womwe pang'onopang'ono umayamba kukhala ndi koopsa ndipo umakulira ndi matenda ena ambiri. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokoza za maphunziro a hypercholesterolemia.

Njira zodziwira hypercholesterolemia

Zimakhala zokhazikika kuti zitheke pambuyo pofufuza wapadera wa lipid, pomwe zowonetsa za cholesterol zonse zigawidwa m'magawo awiri - zoyipa komanso zothandiza pakuwerengera atherogenicity.

Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa hypercholesterolemia, njira zothandiza zodziwikiratu zamankhwala zingathe kulembedwera, zomwe zikuphatikiza mitundu yotsatirayi ya maphunziro:

• chisangalalo
• zamankhwala amwazi
• mbiri ya lipid
• kuyezetsa magazi konse
• kuyeserera kwa immunological
• kuyesa kwa chibadwa cha magazi a mabanja.

Mtengo wa kuyesedwa mu labotale yabwinobwino ndiwokwera pang'ono kuposa pamalo apakati a boma.

Ngati matenda akunyalanyazidwa, mavuto atha kukhala, osasangalatsa kwambiri omwe ndi atherosulinosis. Pofuna kupewa kutukuka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zakudya zina.

Kodi zakudya zingathandize kuthana ndi hypercholesterolemia?

Ndizotheka kuchepetsa cholesterol osati kokha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a pharmacological, komanso mukamatsatira zakudya zina, momwe mumaletsedwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri. Kusankhidwa kwa chakudya choyenera kumakhudzanso akatswiri azakudya zambiri, chifukwa vuto la cholesterol yokwanira ndilofala.

Zotsatira zake, adapangidwira dongosolo lina la zopatsa thanzi lomwe limakwaniritsa zoyenera kutsata mu zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia.

Zofunika! Ndi nthenda yotere, kupatsa thanzi kumatha kukhala ngati njira yothandizira kwa chithandizo chachikulu kapena ngati njira yodzitetezera popewa kupitilira kwa mkhalidwe wamatumbo.

Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zotere zimasankhidwa kuti azisintha njira za metabolic, komanso kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Kodi ndizomwe zimawonetsa kudya ndi hypercholesterolemia?

Chakudya chopanda cholesterol sichofunikira nthawi zonse. Katswiri yemwe wakupezekapo amakakamizidwa kuti apange chisankho potsatira upangiri wake malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.

Malangizowo amayang'anira izi:

1. Khunyu kudziwiratu kupezeka kwa atherosulinosis, makamaka coronary chikhalidwe ndi ochepa matenda oopsa.
2. Pokhala ndi chizolowezi chowonjezera thupi.
3. Ndi matenda a gout kapena matenda a shuga.
4. Pakachulukira cholesterolemia ndipo ikakhazikitsidwa ndi maphunziro owonjezereka obwereza.
5. Ndi kuyamba kuwonetseredwa kwa chizindikiro cha matenda.

Pamaso pa choyambirira kapena chachiwiri, chakudya chomwe chimasowa cholesterol sichofunikira kwenikweni, komabe, ndikuyenera kuchitsatira pambuyo pa zaka 40. Njira zotsalazo, kuphatikiza zingapo zingapo, ndi chisonyezo chachindunji chotsata izi.

Malamulo oyamba azakudya ndi hypercholesterolemia

Ngati Hypercholesterolemia yapezeka, chakudyacho chikutanthauza mfundo izi:

1. Ndikofunikira pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa zopatsa mphamvu, makamaka ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi - osapitilira zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimakhala zachilendo kwa jenda komanso zaka.
2. Ndikofunikira kukana chakudya nthawi yogona komanso kuyang'anira zowonetsa thupi, osazilola kupitilira momwe zimakhalira BMI.
3. Ndikofunikira kuthetseratu mafuta a nyama muzakudya.
4. Ndikofunika kusintha theka la mafuta ndi mafuta a masamba omwe amadzaza ndi mafuta acids.
5. Pamafunika kuti zakudya zomwe zili bwino zili ndi mavitamini B12 ndi B6.
6. Ndikothekanso kusiya mitundu yamchere yochepa yamafuta pang'ono pakudya, koma pokhapokha pazoyenera komanso osazunza.
7. Kuchuluka kwamchere m'zakudya kuyenera kukhala kochepa, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Koma, izi zimayenera kuchitidwa popanda kutaya chilimbikitso ndi zizindikiritso zapamwamba. Zomwezi zikuyenera kufotokozedwanso zamadzi.
8. Mukamasankha "magome odyetsa" amafunikira kuzindikira zomwe aliyense amakonda zomwe amakonda komanso osatembenuza njira zodzitchinjiriza.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuumirira mopitirira muyeso mukamatsatira malangizo azakudya pamavulaza kuposa zabwino. Kufunika kotsatira zonse zofunikira mpaka pazinthu zazing'ono komanso zoletsa zomwe ndizoyenera matenda am'mimba, ndi hypercholesterolemia ndi zotupa za atherosranceotic zimangokulitsa kukula kwa vuto la neurotic.

Mwa zina, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kudya zakudya monga izi ndikofunikira pamoyo wonse ndipo pachifukwa ichi zoletsa mosamalitsa ndizosavomerezeka, popeza malingaliro abwino a wodwala samakhalanso osafunika pamakhalidwe azithandizo kuposa zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Hypercholesterolemia ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimawonetsa cholesterol yayikulu ya magazi. Chosiyana ndi mtundu wobadwa nawo wa hypercholesterolemia, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi gawo lodziimira palokha.

Cholesterol ndi lipophilic mowa wopezeka m'madzi. Zambiri mwa izo (80%) zimapangidwa ndi chiwindi, zotsalazo zimadza ndi chakudya. Organic pawiri imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• ndizofunikira pakupanga kwa vitamini D, mahomoni a steroid,
• maziko a mafuta acids,
• imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa maselo,
• amateteza maselo ofiira a magazi ku ziphe za hemolytic.

Cholesterol sitha kuyenda payokha kudzera m'magazi, omwe amakhala pamadzi. Kuyendetsa kwake kunakhudza ma lipoprotein - maofesi opangidwa ndi molekyulu ndi mafuta. Mafuta ochulukirapo pakupanga kwawo, amachepetsa mphamvu zawo. Chizindikirochi chimasiyanitsa lipoprotein a otsika kwambiri (VLDL), otsika (LDL), apakati (LPSP), apamwamba kwambiri (HDL), komanso mamolekyulu akulu kwambiri - ma chylomicrons. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya lipoprotein ndi "cholesterol yathunthu", yomwe ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zamankhwala omwe amadziwika ndi metabolism.

LDL, VLDL amaonedwa kuti ndi atherogenic - amathandizira pakukula kwa atherosulinosis. Cholesterol yomwe amaphatikizidwa ndi "yoyipa." HDL motsutsana ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi atherogenic, ndiye kuti, zomwe zimalepheretsa ma atherosulinotic amana. Sterol yoyanjana ndi lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri imatchedwa "zabwino."

Pa mulingo wabwinobwino, kuchuluka kwa zinthu izi, chiopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis sichidziwika. Chilichonse chimasintha pamene ndalama zidaswedwa. Zowonjezera atherogenic lipoproteins "zimamatira" kuzinthu zilizonse zopanda pake, kusakhazikika kwa khoma la chotengera. Zatsopano zimamatirana ndi timabala tating'onoting'ono, zimakula, pang'onopang'ono zimalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pamapeto pake, mapangidwewo amatha kufikira kukula kotero kuti amatchinga kuunikira kwa chotengera.

Zimayambitsa matenda a pathological

Hypercholisterinemia ya pulayimale (matenda) ndi matenda omwe sanafufuzidwebe bwino. Chifukwa chake, palibe chida choterocho chomwe chitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti chitha kupewa.

Zifukwa zazikulu zowonekera kwambiri za hypercholisterinemia zimawerengedwa kuti ndi:

• Zofooka mu kapangidwe ka mapuloteni a lipoprotein.Satha kuyanjana ndi maselo a ziwalo, cholesterol sangathe kulowa mkati mwake,
• Kukula kwa michere ya "mayendedwe". Kupanga kuperewera kwa cholesterol m'malo amodzi ndi kuchuluka kwina pamalo ena,
• Kusokonezeka m'maselo a minyewa. Amalephera kulumikizana ndi lipoproteins.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri ikhoza kukhala:

• Hypothyroidism (zovuta mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro),
• Matenda a shuga (matenda osokonezeka mu "kuperekera" kwa glucose m'maselo a thupi),
• Kuchepetsa hepatic matenda (kuphwanya ma bile a chiwindi),
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena (okodzetsa, beta-blockers).

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nyama zamafuta ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakuchitikira kwa hypercholesterolemia mwa odwala ambiri.

Zithandizo za anthu

Chithandizo cha hypercholesterolemia imapereka njira yolumikizira. Kuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto a cholesterol, mankhwala achikhalidwe amapezeka, okwera mtengo komanso otetezeka.

Ndi hypercholesterolemia, zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi:

• Rosehip. 20 g wa zipatso zouma zosenda kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha. Kuphika kwa mphindi 15, fyuluta. Imwani kapu theka kawiri patsiku,
• Immortelle. 10 g ya maluwa osankhidwa kutsanulira kapu yamadzi. Kuphika kwa mphindi 30. Imwani pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi supuni yotsekemera katatu patsiku. Maphunzirowa ndi mwezi. Pambuyo pakupuma kwamasiku 10, chithandizo chitha kupitilizidwa,
• Ulonda wa masamba atatu. Finyani masamba osankhidwa muzakudya zophika monga zokometsera,
  Nthula wamkaka. Pukutani mbewu kuti zikhale ufa. Tengani supuni ya tiyi ndi chakudya,
• Adyo. 350 g wosadulidwa amathira chikho cha mowa. Ikani kwa tsiku m'malo amdima, fyuluta. Imwani katatu patsiku: madontho 20 pa kapu imodzi ya mkaka,
• Mphesa Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, kuwaza osenda bwino, kuwonjezera kaloti wowotcha, supuni ziwiri za uchi, walnuts awiri osankhidwa ndi theka la kapu ya kefir (yopanda mafuta). Muziganiza bwino, imwani kamodzi patsiku.

Zolembera tsiku limodzi

Zakudya za hypercholesterolemia ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zosavuta. Menyu sikuyenera kuyambitsa zovuta zilizonse. Wodwala sangathe kudya popanda nyama, iye azidya mosangalala. Chachikulu ndikuti siziyenera kukhala zamafuta komanso yokazinga.

Mwachitsanzo, chakudya cha tsiku limodzi chimakhala ndi:

1. Chakudya cham'mawa: oatmeal ndi zoumba, tiyi wobiriwira,
2. Chakudya chamadzulo: zipatso za mphesa,
3. Chakudya chamasana: msuzi wamasamba, mpunga wowiritsa ndi chidutswa cha nyama yamchere yophika ndi mafuta ochepa, msuzi wa apulo,
4. Zakudya zazikulu: chokongoletsera cha m'chiuno cha rose, zipatso zatsopano,
5. Chakudya chamadzulo: kanyumba tchizi casserole, tiyi wa zitsamba,
6. Usiku mutha kumwa kapu ya kefir. Mtengo wonse wa mkate patsiku suyenera kupitilira 120 g.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Familial hypercholesterolemia ndizotsatira zamasinthidwe amtundu omwe amayendetsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol.

Fomu yachiwiri imayamba ngati chizindikiro chogwirizana ndi matenda a chiwindi, momwe kutuluka kwa bile, matenda a shuga kapena hypothyroidism kumakhalira kovuta. Nthawi zina vuto la lipid metabolism limakhala iatrogenic mwachilengedwe ndipo limagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira yayitali ya chithandizo ndi mankhwala ena.

Zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri hypercholesterolemia ndizolakwika za zakudya. Mafuta ochulukirapo a nyama amachititsa kuti magazi a magazi achuluke. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi pa zakudya zamafuta ambiri kumatsatana ndi kufupika (kuchepa) kwa hypercholesterolemia, ndimamwa pafupipafupi zakudya zamafuta, cholesterol yayikulu imakhala yosalekeza.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha kukula ndi kupitilira kwa hypercholesterolemia ndizofanana ndi atherosulinosis. Zina mwa izo ndizosintha. Choyamba, iyi ndi njira yamoyo, zikhalidwe, kudya, kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoipa. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba, kunenepa komanso kuwonetsa matenda oopsa kwambiri.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la lipid metabolism mwa amuna ndiwochuluka kuposa azimayi, chimawonjezeka ndi zaka. Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu limaphatikizapo anthu omwe adabadwa ndi hypercholesterolemia, milandu yamwadzidzidzi yamtima, kuphedwa kwa myocardial, ndi stroko.

Zotheka ndi zovuta

Hypercholesterolemia yoyera mwachilengedwe imakhazikika ku atherosulinosis, matenda omwe amatsogolera pakugwirizana kwa mitsempha ya mtima ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen yamitsempha yamagazi chifukwa cha mapangidwe a cholesterol amana. Kutengera komwe kuli lesion, ochepa matenda oopsa, matenda amtima, komanso kulankhulira kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a atherosulinosis. Ndi zilonda zam'mimba kwambiri, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi ischemic stroke chikukula. Kuphatikiza matenda ischemia limodzi ndi kupendekera pang'onopang'ono kwa zotupa zam'mimba, zovuta zotumphukira ndizotheka: thrombosis ndi mtima thromboembolism, komanso vasoconstriction ya spastic.