Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi: kuchuluka kwa zamankhwala ambiri

Glucose (chakudya chopepuka, monosaccharide) amalowedwa ndi chakudya. Mukukonzekera saccharide cleavage, mphamvu inayake imatulutsidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti maselo onse, minofu ndi ziwalo za munthu zikhale ndi moyo wawo wabwinobwino.

Kuzindikira kwa glucose m'magazi ndi imodzi mwazofunikira pakuwunika thanzi la munthu. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwinakwake (hyper- kapena hypoglycemia) m'njira zoyipa kwambiri kumakhudza thanzi lathunthu komanso magwiridwe antchito onse amkati ndi machitidwe.

Pokonza chimbudzi, shuga kuchokera ku chakudya amapezeka m'magulu amodzi am'magazi, pomwe shuga ndiye kwenikweni. Mlingo wake wamagazi umayendetsedwa ndi insulin (pancreatic hormone). Mukakhala ndi glucose wokwanira, amapanga insulin kwambiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa insulini komwe amapanga ndi kapamba kumakhala kochepa. Kenako shuga wowonjezera amayikidwa mu chiwindi ndi minofu mu mawonekedwe a "shuga reserve" (glycogen), kapena mawonekedwe a triglycerides m'maselo amafuta.

Mukangodya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhazikika (kwabwinobwino), koma kumakhazikika chifukwa cha insulin. Chizindikirochi chimatha kuchepa pambuyo pakusala nthawi yayitali, kupsinjika kwamthupi komanso m'malingaliro. Pankhaniyi, kapamba amatulutsa mahomoni ena - shuga wa insulin (glucagon), yomwe imakulitsa shuga, ndikupangitsa kuti maselo a chiwindi asinthe glycogen kukhala glucose. Chifukwa chake m'thupi mumakhala njira yodziperekera ndende ya magazi. Zotsatirazi zingathe kuphwanya lamulo:

• kutengera kwa chibadwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga (glucose metabolism),
• kuphwanya ntchito zachinsinsi za kapamba,
• autoimmune kuwonongeka kwa kapamba,
• kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri,
• zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka
• zakudya zosayenera (kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta m'zakudya),
• uchidakwa wambiri,
• kupsinjika

Mkhalidwe wowopsa kwambiri ndi pomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera kwambiri (hyperglycemia) kapena kuchepa (hypoglycemia). Mwakutero, kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe zimayamba: mtima, impso, mitsempha yamagazi, mafupa am'mitsempha, ubongo, womwe ungayambitse imfa.

Hyperglycemia imatha kukhazikikanso nthawi yapakati (matenda a shuga). Ngati simukuzindikira munthawi yake ndikuyesetsa kuti muthane ndi mavutowo, ndiye kuti mzimayi amatha kutenga pakati ndi zovuta.

Kuyesedwa kwa biochemical kwa shuga kumalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike kamodzi mu zaka 3 kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40 ndi nthawi 1 pachaka kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo (cholowa cha matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri). Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kukula kwa matenda oopsa komanso zovuta zawo.

• Prophylactic kuwunika kwa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga,
• Matenda a pituitary gland, chithokomiro, chiwindi, ma adrenal gland,
• Kuwunika momwe mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo, limodzi ndi kuwunika kwa hemoglobin ndi C-peptide,
• Kukula komwe akuyembekezeredwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a gestationalabetes (masabata 24-28),
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a shuga (kulekerera shuga).

Komanso, chizindikiritso cha kusanthula ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro:

• ludzu lalikulu
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• kuchuluka msanga / kuchepa,
• kulakalaka
• thukuta kwambiri (hyperhidrosis),
• kufooka kwathunthu ndi chizungulire, kusazindikira.
• Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
• kuchuluka kwa mtima (tachycardia),
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kuchuluka kwa matenda.

Magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga:

• Zaka 40+
• Kunenepa kwambiri, (kunenepa kwambiri pamimba)
• Kutengera kwa chibadwa cha matenda ashuga.

Dokotala wa endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, akatswiri a zamankhwala, opaleshoni, dokotala komanso akatswiri ena odziwa ntchito kapena akatswiri wamba amatha kumasulira zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga.

Mwazi wamagazi

Miyezo yantchito ya Invitro:

Miyezo ku Helix Lab 1:

ana opitilira zaka 14
amuna
azimayi osakhala oyembekezera

Mitundu ya shuga, malinga ndi zomwe Dr. Danilova, 2014 2:

Mfundo zaumboni zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera ku buku lotchedwa A. Kishkun, 2007 3:

Glucose wamkulu (hyperglycemia)

• Matenda a shuga:
  • 7.0 mmol / L ndi pamwamba pamimba yopanda kanthu
  • 11.1 mmol / L ndipo kupitilira maola awiri mutadya.
• Matenda a shuga pamimba
• Kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la endocrine ndi kapamba,
• Kulephera kwa mahormoni
• Pancreatitis (kutupa kwa kapamba) munthawi yayitali kapena pachimake,
• Pancreatic oncology,
• Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati: chiwindi, impso, matenda a adrenal,
• Kulephera kwa impso
• Hyperthyroidism (hypersecretion ya mahomoni ayodini),
• Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome (kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni a cortisol ndi tiziwalo tamadontho tambiri),
• Acromegaly (kukomoka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta pituitary).

• kupsinjika chifukwa cha kuvulala kwambiri, kuchitidwa opareshoni, vuto la mtima kapena stroko, kuwawa kwa ululu,
• zakudya zopanda thanzi (kuchuluka kwa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri),
• kumwa mankhwala: diuretics, antidepressants, corticosteroids, mahomoni, salicylates, lithiamu, dilantin, epinephrine, etc.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya chiwindi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi prediabetes ndi shuga 4.

Glucose wotsika (hypoglycemia)

• Kusokonezeka kwa kapamba
• Hypothyroidism (kuperewera kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro),
• Insulinoma (nthawi zambiri imakhala yodziyimira bwino yomwe imapangitsa insulin),
• Matenda a chiwindi, impso, adrenal glands, incl. zoyipa
• kuperewera kwa adrenal (matenda a Addison),
• Hypopituitarism (kuphwanya chinsinsi cha mahomoni ndi pituitary gland),
• Glycogenosis (gulu la matenda obadwa nawo obwera chifukwa chophwanya kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa glycogen chifukwa cha zolakwika zingapo za michere).

• kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali, kutsatira zakudya kapena kusala kudya,
• kuphwanya kwam'mimba, mavuto azachuma, zochitika
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga;
• kuledzera wa arsenic (poyizoni),
• uchidakwa
• kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri
• malungo
• kumwa mankhwala: steroids, amphetamine, etc.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

The biomaterial phunziroli ndi venous kapena capillary magazi, omwe masampuli ake amachitika molingana ndi ma algorithms wamba.

• Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika m'mawa (8.00 - 11.00) komanso mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chotsiriza chimayenera kukhala osachepera maola 8-14 musanachitike njirayi.
• Madzulo inu simungagwiritse ntchito maswiti, zakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta,
• Komanso, tsiku lisanafike mayeso, ndikofunikira kupatula kumwa mowa, zakumwa zamphamvu,
• Maola 3-4 asanalandire magazi, osavomerezeka amasuta,
• Patsiku la mayeso, muyenera kudziteteza ku nkhawa zilizonse zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kunyumba

Kunyumba, ndizotheka kuyesa kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Dontho la magazi a capillary kuchokera pachala limayikidwa pachifuwa choyesera, chomwe chimayikidwa mu chipangizo chomwe chimawerengera zambiri ndikutsatira zotsatira zake kwa mphindi zingapo. Matenda amtunduwu ndi abwino kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo okhazikika, chifukwa amakupatsani mwayi wodziimira pawokha shuga wamagazi nthawi iliyonse komanso kulikonse.

Njira ina yothanirana ndi glucose wamagazi ndikuwona ma acetone mumlengalenga wopaka pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chothandiza chomwe chili ndi zotayira zonyansa. Komabe, njirayi ikuwonetsa zotsatira zabodza za omwe amasuta, chifukwa ma acetone amapangidwanso ndi kuphatikiza utsi wa fodya 5.

• 1. Zambiri kuchokera ku labitala ya Invitro ndi Helix.
• 2. L.A. Danilova, MD, prof. Amasanthula magazi, mkodzo ndi zinthu zina zakumadzi za munthu wazaka zingapo, - SpecLit, 2014.
• 3. A.A. Kishkun, MD, prof. Malangizo a njira zodziwira matenda a labotale, - GEOTAR-Media, 2007.
• 4. Han H., Zhang T. Magazi pamagazi ndikuwopseza khansa ya chiwindi: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane komanso kusanthula kwa meta kwa omwe akuyembekezeredwa. - Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 25.8 (30)
• 5. Miriam E Tucker. Kodi Ndi Mpweya wa Matenda A shuga? Acetone mu Breath Amawonetsera Magazi. - Medscape, Nov, 2016.

Kodi glucose ndi ntchito yake pakuwunika za biochemical

Shuga wamagazi amatchedwa glucose. Ndi kristalo, chinthu chowonekera. Mthupi, glucose imagwira ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu. Amapangidwa ndi thupi lomwe limamwa zakudya zam'madzi komanso kusintha masitolo a glycogen m'chiwindi. Kuwongolera kwa ndende ya magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha mahomoni awiri akulu opangidwa ndi kapamba.

Loyamba la izi limatchedwa glucagon. Zimathandizira kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi posintha masitolo a glycogen. Insulin imakhala ngati wotsutsana naye. Ntchito zake zimaphatikizapo kusamutsa glucose ku maselo onse amthupi kuti awakwaniritse ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa cha momwe zimakhalira, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsika komanso kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen m'chiwindi kumapangidwira.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi m'magazi a shuga kumatha kuwonetsa kuphwanya mulingo wake. Pali vuto chifukwa cha izi:

• Kuwonongeka kwa kuzindikira kwa insulin ndi maselo amthupi.
• Kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange insulin kwathunthu.
• Matumbo oyambitsidwa ndi m'mimba, chifukwa cha momwe zimapangidwira chakudya.

Kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya shuga kumapangitsa kuti matenda osiyanasiyana apangidwe. Kuti mupewe izi, kuyezetsa magazi am'magazi a shuga kumachitika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa makamaka pazotsatirazi:

• mawonetseredwe a chithunzi cha matenda azachipatala:
  • ludzu
  • kuwonda kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
  • kukodza pafupipafupi
  • kamwa yowuma.
• Mwachitsanzo, chibadwa chamtundu wina, ngati wachibale wapafupi amakhala ndi matenda ashuga,
• matenda oopsa
• kufooka ponseponse komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi a biochemical kumachitika popanda kuchitika pakam'pezetsa kuchipatala komanso kuti adziwe zoyenera. Pambuyo pa zaka 40, ndikofunikira kuti anthu azichita kamodzi pachaka, makamaka pamakhala zovuta.

Magazi akuperekedwa kuti aunikiridwe mu zasayansi zamakliniki azinsinsi ndi mabungwe azachipatala aboma. Mtundu wa mayesowo umasankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe a wodwalayo komanso matenda omwe akuwakayikira. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya kusanthula kwamomwe amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi zina zogwirizana ndi izi:

• Kafukufuku wama biochemical wama cell a magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati prophylaxis komanso pofuna kudziwa kuti matenda ndi otani. Chifukwa cha kusanthula, katswiriyo azitha kuwona kusintha kulikonse mthupi, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Biomaterial yotengedwa wodwala imakonzedwa mu labotale yama biochemical.

• Mayeso a kulolerana kwa glucose ndi cholinga chofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu madzi a m'magazi. Gawo loyamba la magazi limatengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Wodwalayo amangololedwa kumwa madzi, ndipo masiku awiri asanafike mayeso, muyenera kusiya kumwa mowa ndi kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala zovulaza komanso zovuta kuzimidwa. Pambuyo pa mphindi 5 mpaka 10, munthu amapatsidwa kapu ya mafuta osungunuka osungunuka. M'tsogolomu, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kudzachitidwanso kawiri mosiyana ndi mphindi 60. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika pofuna kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa matenda ashuga.
• Kuyesedwa kwa kulekerera kwa C-peptide kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zochitika za maselo a beta pachingwe cha Langerhans, omwe amapanga insulin. Kutengera ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, munthu akhoza kuweruza mtundu wa matenda ashuga komanso luso la machitidwe othandizira.
• Kafukufuku wa hemoglobin wa glycated amachitika kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi 3 yapitayo. Amapangika pophatikiza shuga osaphatikizika ndi hemoglobin. Kwa miyezi itatu, hemoglobin ya glycated imapereka chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa shuga nthawi imeneyi. Chifukwa cha kutsimikizika kwa zotsatirazi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti onse odwala matenda ashuga apitirize kuyesa kuwongolera matendawa.
• Kuunika kwamankhwala am'magazi kuti achulukane fructosamine amachitidwira cholinga chomwecho monga mayeso a glycated hemoglobin. Komabe, pankhaniyi, zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu masabata awiri apitawa. Chiyeso chogwira mtima ndikusintha njira zochizira matenda ashuga ndikuzindikira mtundu wake wam'mbuyo mwa amayi apakati komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa magazi.

• Kudziwitsa za kuchuluka kwa lactate (lactic acid) kumatha kunena za kupindika kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa lactocytosis (acidization ya magazi). Lactic acid amapangidwa chifukwa cha anaerobic shuga metabolism m'thupi. Kuyeza kumeneku kumathandiza kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga.
• Magazi a biochemistry a shuga mwa amayi apakati amachitika kuti asatengere kwakanthawi mtundu wa matenda osokoneza bongo (martitus). Imachitika, monga mayeso ololera a glucose, koma ngati mulingo wake ukuwonjezeka pamaso pa shuga, ndiye kuti kusanthula kwina kwa masamba sikofunikira. Ngati mukukayikira shuga, mayi woyembekezera amapatsidwa kapu ya shuga wosungunuka. Pambuyo pakugwiritsidwa ntchito, magazi amaperekedwanso kawiri ndi kusiyana kwa mphindi 60.
• Kuwunikira mwachangu kumachitika kunyumba ndi glucometer. Pakuyesererako, mudzafunika dontho limodzi lokha la magazi lomwe limayikidwa mzere ndi masekondi 30-60. kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chipangizocho. Kulondola kwa mayesowo ndi pafupi 10% yotsika mayeso a labotale, koma kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina kumatenga nthawi 10 patsiku kuti mupende.

Kutola kwa biomaterial kwa ma labotale kafukufuku kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, ndizoletsedwa kumwa kwambiri kapena kumwa mowa mwachindunji masiku awiri asanafike mayeso. Tsiku lisanafike choperekacho, ndikofunikira kupewa kupsinjika m'malingaliro ndi thupi ndipo ndikofunikira kuti mugone bwino usiku. Ngati ndi kotheka, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusiya kumwa masiku awiri musanamwe mankhwala.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mita sikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro enieni. Kuyesaku kutha kuchitika mosatengera nthawi ya tsiku kapena momwe wodwala alili.

Kuchita mayeso a shuga

Kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi kumalimbikitsidwa kuti azitenga kamodzi pachaka kwa anthu omwe:

• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Cholowa chamtsogolo
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Muyenera kuonanso shuga yanu m'magazi mukawona zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Pakamwa pang'onopang'ono pakamwa pouma, kamene kamayambitsa ludzu,
• Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chakudya choyenera,
• Kufooka ndi kutopa popanda kuwonjezera nkhawa,
• Maonekedwe a pustular mawonekedwe pakhungu ndi kumverera kuyabwa,
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi, komwe kumasonyezedwa kuzizira komanso kuperewera kwam bala.

Kuti mupeze chidziwitso chokwanira cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zofunika zingapo musanatenge sampuli ya magazi. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chotsiriza sichikhala choyambirira kuposa maola 12. Kuphatikiza apo, musamamwe mowa osachepera masiku angapo musanawunike.

Mutha kudziwa pawokha kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi magazi ndi chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zotsatira zake zitha kupezeka patadutsa ola limodzi.

Uphungu! Muyenera kudziwa kuti mwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kuyenera kukhala kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Kuwunikiranso kwachiwiri kumayikidwa ngati chizindikirocho chiri pamwamba pa 6.0 mmol / L. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa shuga pamtunda wa 7.0 mmol / L kumawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa matenda a shuga.

Zolinga za Misinkhu Sewu

Pali zifukwa zingapo zoyambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Izi zitha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono munthawi zosiyanasiyana zolimbitsa thupi. Madokotala amasiyanitsa izi:

• Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi,
• Zinthu zovuta
• Kudya chakudya chochuluka.

Komanso, munthawi zina zamatenda, kuwonjezereka kwa shuga kochepa kungawonedwe. Zikatero, zifukwa zake zitha kukhala chifukwa cha izi:

• Ma virus kapena bakiteriya omwe amayambitsa malungo,
• Chizindikiro chopweteketsa chamtundu uliwonse,
• Kuvulala kwamtima

• Kuwotcha kwa madera akulu pakhungu,
• Kuvulala kwamtundu wamtundu wamavuto m'malo owonongeka a ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti mayamwidwe azikhala ndi glucose,
• Matenda a khunyu.

Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa glucose m'magazi, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza, kumatha kupezeka m'matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amaopseza thanzi la munthu. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda ena, monga:

• Matumbo dongosolo
• Matenda a chiwindi,
• Vutoli
• Mavuto ndi ziwalo za endocrine system.

Njira Zochepetsera Shuga

Ngati, pambuyo pofufuza mobwerezabwereza, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwatsimikiziridwa, ndiye njira zofunikira kwambiri zimayenera kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse. Dokotala nthawi zonse amapereka mankhwala othandizira, ndipo zimatengera momwe wodwalayo amayambira:

• Ngati atazindikira, motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwa glucose, palibe matenda omwe adapezeka, ndiye kuti zakudya zama-carbon ochepa zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Potsimikizira kukula kwa matenda a shuga kapena matenda ena ofooka a ziwalo ndi machitidwe, mankhwala apadera adzafunika kuti achepetse shuga.

Masiku ano, pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amathandizira kuti shuga azikhala bwino. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo mothandizidwa ndi glucometer.

Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zoyenera ndikusiya kusuta ndi mowa. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amawonongeranso mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, zomwe zimachulukitsa zotsatira zoyipa za kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi.

Uphungu! Ngati kusanthula kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, simungathe kudzilimbitsa. Zochita zonse ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi adokotala.

Potsimikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikofunikira kusintha zolimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kusiya moyo wokhalitsa, onetsetsani kuti mukuchita zolimbitsa thupi m'mawa, komanso gwiritsani ntchito zolimbitsa thupi molingana ndi zaka komanso momwe thupi lanu lilili.

Kuti muchepetse shuga, muyenera kufufuza kaye kokwanira. Izi zipangitsa kuti adotolo akhazikitse zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, chifukwa chake, kupereka mankhwala moyenera.

Malangizo a shuga

Mutha kutsitsa shuga wanu pang'onopang'ono powerengera zakudya zanu. Choyamba, muyenera kupatula pamenyu osavuta azakudya, omwe ali mu:

• maswiti, zamphepo ndi zinthu zingapo zodzikongoletsera,
• zipatso zokoma, mwachitsanzo, mu mphesa, vwende, nkhuyu, nthochi,
• nyama zamafuta, komanso masoseji,
• timadziti tam'makampani ndi timadzi tokoma,
• ketchups wama mafakitale ndi mayonesi.

Zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya ziyenera kukhala ndi mavitamini okwanira ndi fiber. Zothandiza komanso zoyenera kuphatikizidwa muzosankha zamagulu a shuga kwambiri ndi:

• Nyama yophika yophika
• Skim mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa,
• Buckwheat, barele, oat ndi pearl barele,
• Zipatso ndi zipatso,
• Madzi opukusa kumene
• Masamba otentha, osaphika komanso owiritsa, kupatula mbatata.

Ndikofunikanso kutsatira zotsatirazi pokonza phwando:

• Chakudya chizichitika nthawi yomweyo,
• Muyenera kudya pafupipafupi, nthawi zosachepera 5 patsiku, koma nthawi yomweyo magawo azikhala ochepa,
• Ndikofunika kutsatira calorie zomwe zili mbale osati kudya kwambiri.

Mosachedwa, mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pophatikiza masamba azakudya. Njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ndi madzi ochokera ku mbatata, beets, kabichi, art artoke. Pankhaniyi, ziwonetserozo zimatha kutengedwa mosiyanasiyana motsutsana.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuyenera kukhala koopsa. Chachikulu sichikhala chosakhudzana ndi matenda, koma kutenga njira zonse zochizira matendawa, kutsatira malangizo ndi malangizo a dokotala.

Kodi kukonzekera kusanthula kwamitundu iwiri kumachitika bwanji?

Musanapereke magazi, muyenera kukonzekera bwino njirayi. Iwo amene akufuna kudziwa momwe angakwaniritsire kusanthula moyenera ayenera kulingalira zinthu zingapo zosavuta:

• perekani magazi okha pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• Madzulo, patsiku lachiwonetsero chomwe chikubwera, simungamwe khofi wamphamvu, tiyi, kudya zakudya zamafuta, zakumwa zoledzeretsa (zotsalazo ndi bwino osamwa kwa masiku atatu),
• kusuta osachepera ola limodzi chisanachitike kusanthula,
• tsiku limodzi mayeso asanachitike, sikofunika kuchita njira iliyonse yamafuta - kupita ku sauna, bafa, komanso munthu sayenera kudzipereka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• muyenera kupititsa mayeso a labotale m'mawa, musanagwiritse ntchito njira zamankhwala zilizonse,
• munthu amene akukonzekera kusanthula, atabwera ku labotale, ayenera kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono, kukhala kwa mphindi zochepa ndikugwira mpweya,
• Yankho lafunso ndikuti ngati kuli kotheka kutsuka mano musanayambe kuyesa: kuti mupeze shuga moyenera, m'mawa musanayambe kuphunzira, muyenera kupewa njira zamtunduwu, komanso osamwa tiyi ndi khofi.
• sayenera kumwedwa musanatengere magazi maantibayotikimankhwala a mahomoni, okodzetsa, etc.,
• masabata awiri musanayambe phunziroli, muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza lipidsm'magazi makamaka ma statins,
• ngati mukufuna kupatsanso kusanthula kwathunthu, izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, labotale iyeneranso kukhala yomweyo.

Decoding of biochemical magazi mayeso

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwachipatala kunachitika, kutanthauzira kwa zizindikiro kumachitika ndi katswiri. Komanso, kutanthauzira kwa chizindikiro cha kupenda kwamomwe am'magazi kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera, lomwe limawonetsa chizindikiro chodziwika cha zoyeserera mwa akulu ndi ana. Ngati chizindikiro chilichonse chimasiyana ndi chizolowezi, ndikofunikira kulabadira izi ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala yemwe "amatha kuwerenga" bwino zotsatira zonse ndikupereka malangizo. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuphatikiza kwamwazi kumayikidwa: mbiri yowonjezera.

Decoding tebulo la biochemical kusanthula magazi akulu

ma globulins (α1, α2, γ, β)

21.2-34.9 g / l

Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa magazi osiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti athe kufufuza bwino za ntchito zamkati. Kuunikira zotsatira kumakupatsaninso "kuwerenga" mokwanira mavitamini, macro- ndi ma microelements, michere, mahomoni thupi limasowa. Kuphatikiza kwa magazi kumatha kuzindikira kupezeka kwa ma pathologies kagayidwe.

Ngati muona molondola zomwe mwapeza, ndizosavuta kuzidziwikitsa. Biochemistry ndi kafukufuku wambiri kuposa OAC. Zowonadi, kusindikiza kwa zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyesedwa kwa magazi ambiri sikuloleza kupeza tsatanetsataneyu.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchititsa maphunziro ngati wa mimba. Kupatula apo, kusanthula kwathunthu panthawi yapakati sikupereka mwayi wopeza chidziwitso chonse. Chifukwa chake, biochemistry mwa amayi apakati ndi mankhwala, monga lamulo, m'miyezi yoyambirira ndi wachitatu trimester. Pamaso pa pathologies ena komanso thanzi labwino, kuwunika kumeneku kumachitika pafupipafupi.

M'mabotolo amakono, amatha kufufuza ndi kuwunikira zizindikiro zomwe zapezeka kwa maola angapo. Wodwalayo amapatsidwa tebulo momwe zimasonyezedwera zonse. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuyang'anira palokha kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe ali abwinobwino mwa akulu ndi ana.

Onse piritsi lokhazikika loyezetsa magazi ambiri mwa akulu ndi kuwunika kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo amapangidwanso kuti azikumbukira zaka ndi jenda la wodwalayo. Kupatula apo, muyezo wamaubongo wamagazi, monga chizolowezi chowunika magazi, amatha kusiyanasiyana mwa azimayi ndi abambo, mwa achinyamata ndi achikulire odwala.

Hemogram- Uku ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa akulu ndi ana, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zamagazi, komanso momwe zimapangidwira, maselo oyerazili hemoglobin ndi ena

Popeza biochemistry yamagazi ndi kafukufuku wovuta, amaphatikizanso kuyesa kwa chiwindi. Kuwongolera kusantaku kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza ngati chiwindi chikugwira bwino. Hepatic indices ndikofunikira pakudziwitsa matenda a pathologies a chiwalo ichi. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimapangitsa kuyesa kuyang'ana ndi kakhalidwe ka chiwindi: ALT, GGTP (chizolowezi cha GGTP mwa akazi ndizotsika pang'ono), michere alkaline phosphatase mulingo bilirubin ndi mapuloteni onse. Kuyesa kwa hepatatic kumachitika ngati kuli kofunikira kukhazikitsa kapena kutsimikizira matenda.

Cholinesteraseofunitsitsa kudziwa zovuta kuledzera ndi chiwindi, komanso ntchito zake.

Mwazi wamagazi mtima wofufuza ntchito za endocrine dongosolo. Dzinalo loyesedwa magazi limapezeka mwachindunji mu labotale. Mawonekedwe a shuga amatha kupezeka mufomu yazotsatira. Kodi shuga amawonetsedwa bwanji? Amadziwika ndi mawu akuti "glucose" kapena "GLU" mu Chingerezi.

Zofunikira ndizofunikira CRP, popeza kulumpha mu izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa kutupa. Chizindikiro AST ikuwonetsa njira za pathological zogwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu.

Chizindikiro MIDmu kuyezetsa magazi kumatsimikiziridwa pakuwunikiridwa kawirikawiri. Kuchuluka kwa MID kumakupatsani mwayi wofotokozera chitukuko chifuwa, matenda opatsirana, kuchepa magazi, etc. Chizindikiro cha MID chimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza momwe chitetezo cha m'thupi chimagwirira ntchito.

ICSUChizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa anthu hemoglobin mu khungu lam magazi ofiira. Ngati ICSU ndi yokwera, zifukwa zake zimachitika chifukwa chosowa Vitamini B12 kapena folic acidkomanso prgenital spherocytosis.

MPV - kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yoyesedwa kuchuluka kwa mapulateleti.

Lipidogramimapereka kutsimikiza kwa zizindikiro cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides. Mawonekedwe a lipid amatsimikiza kuti athe kuzindikira zovuta za lipid metabolism m'thupi.

Norm ma electrolyte amwazi imawonetsa njira yokhazikika ya kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

SeromucoidNdi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapuloteni magazi a m'magazizomwe zimaphatikizapo gulu la glycoproteins. Pofotokoza za seromucoid ndizomwe zili, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ngati minofu yolumikizana iwonongedwa, itasokonekera kapena kuwonongeka, ma seromucoids amalowa m'madzi a m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ma seromucoids atsimikiza kuneneratu za chitukuko chifuwa chachikulu.

LDH, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) Ndiye chidwinawo oxidation wa shuga ndi kupanga lactic acid.

Kafukufuku pa osteocalcinkuchitikira matenda matenda a mafupa.

Tanthauzo Mapuloteni othandizira (CRP, PSA) mu wamkulu ndi mwana zimapangitsa kudziwa kukula kwa pachimake parasitic kapena bakiteriya matenda, njira yotupa, neoplasms.

Kusanthula pa ferritin(protein protein, main intracellular iron depot) imagwiridwa ndi hemochromatosis, matenda osakhazikika komanso matenda opatsirana, zotupa.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa ASO ndikofunikira kuzindikira zovuta zingapo mutatha kutenga matenda a streptococcal.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zina zimatsimikiziridwa, ndikutsatira kwina kumachitika (protein electrophoresis, etc.). Chiyeso choyesa cha biochemical cha magazi chimawonetsedwa m'matafura apadera. Imawonetsa chizolowezi cha kuyesa kwamwazi m'mwazi mwa akazi, tebulo limaperekanso chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa abambo. Komabe, za momwe mungadziwire kuyesa kwa magazi ndi momwe mungawerengere zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zamankhwala osiyanasiyana, ndibwino kufunsa katswiri yemwe atiunikize zotsatira zake mu zovuta ndikupereka mankhwala oyenera.

Kulingalira zamankhwala amwazi mu ana kumachitika ndi katswiri yemwe adayambitsa maphunziro. Pazomwezi, tebulo limagwiritsidwanso ntchito momwe chikhalidwe cha ana onse amasonyezera.

Mu mankhwala Chowona Zanyama, palinso miyeso yamagazi ammagazi a agalu ndi amphaka - mawonekedwe a biochemical a magazi a nyama akuwonetsedwa pama tebulo.

Zomwe Zizindikiro zina zimatanthawuza kuyezetsa magazi zimakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Mapuloteni athunthu a seramu, zigawo zonse za mapuloteni

Mapuloteni amatanthauza zambiri mthupi la munthu, chifukwa zimatenga gawo polenga maselo atsopano, kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zochititsa manyazi chitetezo chokwanira.

Mapuloteni ali ndi 20 zofunikira ma amino acid, mulinso zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini, lipid ndi zotsalira za chakudya.

Gawo lamadzi limakhala ndi mapuloteni pafupifupi 165, kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe kake ndi gawo lawo m'thupi ndizosiyana. Mapuloteni amagawika magawo atatu osiyana a protein:

Popeza kupanga mapuloteni kumachitika makamaka m'chiwindi, msambo wawo umawonetsa ntchito zake zopanga.

Ngati proteinogram ikusonyeza kuti thupi limawonetsa kuchepa kwa mapuloteni onse, izi zimadziwika kuti hypoproteinemia. Zomwezi zimachitikanso mu milandu yotsatirayi:

• ndi njala yamapuloteni - ngati munthu akuwona zina chakudyakuchita zamasamba
• ngati pali kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo - ndi proteinuriamatenda a impso wa mimba,
• ngati munthu wataya magazi ambiri - ndikutuluka magazi, nthawi yayitali,
• pakuwopsa kwambiri,
• ndi exudative prurisy, exudative pericarditis, ascites,
• ndi kukula kwa neoplasms yoyipa,
• Ngati mapangidwe a mapuloteni amakhala osalimba - matenda amatsengachiwindi
• ndi kuchepa mayamwidwe a zinthu - ndi kapamba, prick, enteritis, etc.,
• pambuyo kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticosteroids nthawi yayitali.

Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'thupi hyperproteinemia. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtheradi ndi hyperproteinemia.

Kukula kwamapuloteni kumayamba ngati madzi atayika m'madzi am'madzi. Izi zimachitika ngati kusanza kosalekeza kumavutitsidwa ndi kolera.

Kuwonjezeka kwathunthu kwa mapuloteni kumadziwika ngati njira zotupa zimachitika, myeloma.

Mphamvu za thunthu ndi 10% zimasintha ndikusintha kwa thupi, komanso munthawi ya masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani magawo a protein amapezeka?

Zigawo zamapuloteni - ma globulins, albin, fibrinogen.

Bioassay yofunikira ya magazi sikutanthauza kutsimikiza kwa fibrinogen, yomwe imawonetsa njira yopanga magazi. Coagulogram- kusanthula momwe chizindikirocho chikutsimikizidwira.

Kodi magawo azigawo za mapuloteni amakwera liti?

Mlingo wa Albumini:

• Ngati kuchepa kwamadzi kumachitika pa matenda opatsirana,
• Ndi zoyaka.

Ma-globulins:

• ndi zokhudza matenda matenda a connective minofunyamakazi, dermatomyositis, scleroderma),
• ndi purulent kutupa mu pachimake mawonekedwe,
• Kutentha mkati mwakukonzanso,
• nephrotic syndrome odwala glomerulonephritis.

Β- ma globulins:

• ndi hyperlipoproteinemia mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, atherosulinosis,
• wokhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba m'mimba kapena m'matumbo,
• ndi nephrotic syndrome,
• at hypothyroidism.

Ma globulins a Gamma amakhala okwera m'magazi:

• ndi ma virus ndi mabakiteriya,
• ndi zokhudza matenda matenda a connective minofu (nyamakazi, dermatomyositis, scleroderma),
• ndi chifuwa
• chifukwa cha kuyaka
• ndi nkhondo ya helminthic.

Kodi kachigawo kakang'ono kamapulogalamu kamachepetsedwa?

• makanda chifukwa chakukula kwa maselo a chiwindi,
• at edema mapapu
• pa mimba
• ndi matenda a chiwindi,
• ndi magazi
• vuto la plasma m'mitsempha yathupi,
• Ndi zotupa zoyipa.

Nitrogen metabolism level

Mu thupi sikuti ndimapangidwe amaselo okha. Zimawonongeka, ndipo nthaka za nayitrogeni zimadziunjikira. Mapangidwe ake amapezeka m'chiwindi cha munthu, amathandizidwa kudzera impso. Chifukwa chake, ngati zizindikironayitrogeni kagayidwe kukwera, mwina imalepheretsa chiwindi kapena impso ntchito, komanso kuwonongeka kwamapuloteni ambiri. Zizindikiro zazikulu za metabolism ya nayitrogeni - creatinine, urea. Chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa kwambiri ndi ammonia, creatine, nitrogen yotsalira, uric acid.

Urea (urea)

Zifukwa zakuchulukira:

• glomerulonephritis, pachimake komanso aakulu,
• nephrossteosis,
• pyelonephritis,
• poyizoni wazinthu zosiyanasiyana - dichloroethane, ethylene glycol, mchere wa zeb,
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• matenda amisala
• polycystic kapena chifuwa chachikuluimpso
• kulephera kwa aimpso.

Zifukwa zochepetsera:

• kuchuluka kwamkodzo
• shuga makonzedwe
• kulephera kwa chiwindi
• hemodialysis,
• kutsika kwa kagayidwe kachakudya,
• kusala
• hypothyroidism.

Zifukwa zakuchulukira:

• kulephera kwa aimpso mu mawonekedwe owopsa komanso aakulu,
• zopindika matenda ashuga,
• hyperthyroidism,
• acromegaly
• matumbo,
• minofu dystrophy
• amayaka.

Uric acid

Zifukwa zakuchulukira:

• khansa
• gout,
• Vitamini B-12 akusowa
• matenda opatsirana okhalitsa,
• Matenda a Wakez
• matenda a chiwindi
• shuga yayikulu
• matenda a pakhungu,
• poizoni wa monoxide, barbiturates.

Glucose imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo chisonyezo chachikulu cha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Ndiye chinthu champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chimalowa m'chipindacho, chifukwa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya selo imatengera mpweya komanso glucose. Munthu akadya, glucose amalowa m'chiwindi, ndipo pomwepo amawagwiritsa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe glycogen. Sinthani njirazi mahomoni kapamba - insulinndi glucagon. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, hypoglycemia imayamba, kuphatikiza kwake kumaonetsa kuti hyperglycemia imachitika.

Kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika motere:

Hypoglycemia

• ndi kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali,
• vuto malabsorption wa chakudya - tsabola, enteritis, etc.,
• ndi hypothyroidism,
• ndi matenda a chiwindi
• ndi matenda acrenal cortex osakwanira,
• ndi hypopituitarism,
• vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena hypoglycemic omwe amakamwa pakamwa,
• at meningitis, encephalitis, insuloma, meningoencephalitis, sarcoidosis.

Hyperglycemia

• ndi matenda a shuga a mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri,
• ndi chithokomiro,
• vuto la chotupa zodabwisa,
• ndi kukula kwa neoplasms ya adrenal kotekisi,
• ndi pheochromocytoma,
• mwa anthu omwe amachita glucocorticoid chithandizo,
• at khunyu,
• Zovulala ndi zotupa za muubongo,
• ndi chisangalalo cha m'maganizo,
• ngati poyizoni wa carbon monoxide wapezeka.

Kusokonezeka kwa pigment kagayidwe m'thupi

Mapuloteni ena achikuda ndi ma peptides omwe amakhala ndi zitsulo (mkuwa, chitsulo). Awa ndi myoglobin, hemoglobin, cytochrome, cerulloplasmin, etc. BilirubinNdi chinthu chotsiriza cha kusweka kwa mapuloteni oterewa. Pamene kukhalapo kwa erythrocyte kumapazi kumatha, bilirubin reductase imapangidwa ndi biliverdin reductase, yomwe imatchedwa yosalunjika kapena yaulere. Bilirubin uyu ndi poizoni, motero, imapweteketsa thupi. Komabe, popeza kulumikizana kwake mwachangu ndi albumin ya magazi kumachitika, poyizoni wa thupi samachitika.

Nthawi yomweyo, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la cirrhosis, hepatitis, palibe kulumikizana ndi glucuronic acid mthupi, chifukwa chake kuwunikira kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa bilirubin. Kenako, bilirubin yosalunjika imamangidwa ndi glucuronic acid m'maselo a chiwindi, ndipo imasandulika kukhala bilirubin (DBil) yomangidwa, kapena yopanda poizoni. Mulingo wake wapamwamba umadziwika pa Matenda a Gilbert, biliary dyskinesia. Ngati kuyesedwa kwa chiwindi kumachitidwa, kuzizindikira kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa bilirubin ngati maselo a chiwindi awonongeka.

Komanso bile bilirubin imatengedwa kuchokera ku ma hepatic ducts kupita ku ndulu, ndiye kupita ku duodenum, komwe mapangidwe amachitika urobilinogen. Nawonso, umatengedwa m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo aang'ono, mpaka impso. Zotsatira zake, mkodzo umakhala wachikasu. Gawo lina la chinthu ichi m'matumbo amadziwika ndi ma enzymes, amasandulika serkobilinMadontho ndowe.

Jaundice: bwanji zimachitika?

Pali njira zitatu zachitukuko mthupi la jaundice:

• Kusweka kwambiri kwa hemoglobin, komanso mapuloteni ena a pigment. Izi zimachitika ndi hemolytic anemia, kulumidwa ndi njoka, komanso kufooka kwa mafupa a ndulu. Munthawi imeneyi, kupanga bilirubin kumachitika mwachangu, kotero chiwindi sichikhala ndi nthawi yopanga bilirubin yambiri.
• Matenda a chiwindi - cirrhosis, zotupa, chiwindi. Kupanga kwamatumba kumachitika modabwitsa, koma ma cell a chiwindi omwe amafika pamatendawa sangathe kugwira ntchito yochepa.
• Kuphwanya kwa kutuluka kwa bile. Izi zimachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, pachimake cholangitis, etc. Chifukwa chokakamira kwa biliary, kutuluka kwa ndulu m'matumbo kumatha, ndipo kumadzikomera m'chiwindi. Zotsatira zake, bilirubin imalowa m'magazi.

Kwa thupi, zinthu zonsezi ndizowopsa, ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu.

Ma bilirubin athunthu mwa amayi ndi abambo, komanso magawo ake, amawunikira motere:

Lipid metabolism kapena cholesterol

Pa ntchito yachilengedwe, maselo ndi ofunika kwambiri. lipids. Amagwira nawo ntchito yomanga khoma la maselo, pakupanga mahomoni ambiri ndi bile, vitamini D. Fatty acids ndi gwero lamphamvu kwa minofu ndi ziwalo.

Mafuta m'thupi amagawika m'magulu atatu:

• triglycerides (zomwe triglycerides ndi mafuta opanda mbali),
• wamba cholesterol ndi zigawo zake,
• phospholipids.

Lipids m'magazi amatsimikiza mawonekedwe a mankhwala awa:

• ma chylomicr (m'mapangidwe awo makamaka triglycerides),
• HDL (HDL, lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri, cholesterol "yabwino"),
• LDL (VLP, lipoproteins ochepa, "cholesterol" yoyipa),
• VLDL (lipoproteins otsika kwambiri).

Mphamvu ya cholesterol imakhalapo pakuwunika kwa magazi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati kuwunika kwa cholesterol kumachitika, kusindikiza kumakhala ndi zisonyezo zonse, komabe, zisonyezo za cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, LDL, ndi HDL ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kupereka magazi a biochemistry, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngati wodwalayo adaphwanya malamulo okonzekera kusanthula, ngati adya zakudya zamafuta, zikuwonetsa kuti sizolondola. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kuyang'ananso cholesterol. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuganizira momwe mungapereke bwino mayeso a magazi a cholesterol. Kuti achepetse kugwira ntchito, dokotala adzalembanso dongosolo labwino la mankhwala.

Chifukwa chiyani lipid metabolism imalephera ndipo imatsogolera?

Cholesterol chonse chimakwera ngati:

C cholesterol chonse chimachepetsedwa ngati:

• matenda amatsenga
• mitundu ya chiwindi
• nyamakazi,
• kusala
• Matenda a chithokomiro komanso matenda a parathyroid,
• COPD
• malabsorption wa zinthu.

Triglycerides achulukitsidwa ngati:

• matenda oledzeretsa,
• matenda a chiwindi,
• uchidakwa
• biliary cirrhosis,
• cholelithiasis
• kapamba, pachimake komanso matenda,
• kulephera kwa aimpso,
• matenda oopsa
• Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic, myocardial infaration,
• matenda a shuga, hypothyroidism,
• matenda am'mimba,
• mimba
• gout
• Down syndrome
• pachimake porphyria.

Triglycerides amachepetsa ngati:

• chithokomiro,
• COPD
• malabsorption wa zinthu
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

• pa 5.2-6.5 mmol / l pali kuchuluka pang'ono kwa cholesterol, komabe, pali chiwopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis,
• pa 6.5-8.0 mmol / L, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumakhazikika, komwe kumatha kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya,
• 8,0 mmol / L kapena kuposerapo - mitengo yayikulu yomwe chithandizo chofunikira, chiwembu chake chotsitsa cholesterol, adokotala amatsimikiza.

Madigiri asanu a dyslipoproteinemia amatsimikiza kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa metabolidi a lipid. Matendawa ndi harbinger wa kukula kwa matenda oopsa (atherosulinosis, shuga, etc.).

Ma enzyme a magazi

Lilabotale yamtundu uliwonse imapanganso ma enzymes, mapuloteni apadera omwe amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa thupi mthupi.

Ma enzymes akulu a magazi:

• aspartate aminotransferase (AST, AST),
• alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALT),
• gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, LDL),
• zamchere phosphatase (zamchere phosphatase),
• creatine kinase (QC),
• alpha amylase.

Zinthu zomwe zalembedwazo zimapezeka mkati mwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, m'magazi awo ndizochepa kwambiri. Enzymes m'magazi amayeza mu U / L (mayunitsi apadziko lonse lapansi).

Aspartate aminotransferase (ACAT) ndi alanine aminotransferase

Enzymes omwe amasunthira aspartate ndi alanine mu zochita zamtundu wa mankhwala. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ALT ndi AST chimapezeka m'misempha ya mtima, chiwindi, ndi mafupa. Ngati pali kuwonjezeka kwa AST ndi ALT m'magazi, izi zikuwonetsa kuti maselo a ziwalo awonongedwa. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa michere iyi ndi gawo la magazi a munthu, maselo ambiri amafa, motero, kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo chilichonse. Momwe mungachepetse ALT ndi AST zimatengera kupezeka kwa dokotala komanso mankhwala omwe madokotala amapereka.

Madigiri atatu a kuchuluka kwa michere atsimikiza:

• Nthawi 1.5-5 - kuwala,
• Nthawi 6-10 - pafupifupi,
• 10 nthawi kapena kuposerapo - kukwera.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa AST ndi ALT?

• myocardial infarction (zambiri ALT zadziwika),
• pachimake viral hepatitis (zambiri AST),
• zotupa zoyipa ndipo ma metastasesmu chiwindi
• kuwonongeka kwa maselo a chiwindi,
• matenda amisala.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Enzyme iyi imatsimikiza kuchotsedwa kwa phosphoric acid pazinthu zama mankhwala, komanso kuperekera phosphorous mkati mwa maselo. Mafupa ndi chiwindi mitundu ya zamchere phosphatase ndi otsimikiza.

Mlingo wa enzyme umakwera ndi matenda otere:

• myeloma
• nyamakazi sarcoma,
• lymphogranulomatosis,
• chiwindi
• mafupa metastasis
• mankhwala owopsa a chiwindi,
• njira yochiritsa
• osteomalacia, mafupa am'mimba,
• matenda a cytomegalovirus.

Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT, glutamyl transpeptidase)

Tiyenera kudziwa, pokambirana za GGT, kuti chinthu ichi chimakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe ka mafuta, chimanyamula triglycerides ndi cholesterol. Kuchuluka kwa enzyme kumeneku kumapezeka mu impso, prostate, chiwindi, kapamba.

Ngati GGT imakwezedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a chiwindi. Enzyme gammaglutamine transferase (GGT) imakwezekanso mu shuga mellitus. The enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase imachulukanso pamene matenda mononucleosiskuledzera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima. Zambiri za GGT - ndi chiyani, auza katswiri yemwe amatsutsa zotsatira za kusanthula kwake. Ngati GGTP ikukweza, zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimatha kutsimikiziridwa ndikuchititsa maphunziro owonjezera.

Creatine kinase (kupangaine phosphokinase)

Iyenera kuganiziridwanso mukamayesa magazi a CPK kuti iyi ndi puloteni yomwe yozama kwambiri imayang'anidwa m'matumbo otupa, mu myocardium, gawo yaying'ono ili mu ubongo. Ngati pali kuwonjezeka kwa enzine phosphokinase enzyme, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka zimayenderana ndi matenda ena.

Enzyme iyi imakhudzidwa pakupanga kutembenuka kwa metaboline, komanso imawonetsetsa kuti kagayidwe kamphamvu mu cell. Ma subtypes atatu a QC amatanthauziridwa:

• MM - minofu,
• MV - mu minofu ya mtima
• BB - muubongo.

Ngati magazi a creatine kinase achulukitsidwa, zifukwa za izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ziwalo zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa. Ngati creatine kinase m'magazi adakwezedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa zingakhale motere:

Zizindikiro zakusanthula

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuyang'ana shuga wa magazi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 45, ndikupanga biochemistry yamagazi kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Kuwongolera kotereku sikungavulaze anthu pachiwopsezo. Kuwongolera kotereku kumathandizira pakapita nthawi kudziwa matenda komanso kupewa zovuta. Izi zimapangitsa kufunikira kowunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zizindikiro za kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi ndi monga:

• kufunikira kosalekeza, ludzu,
• kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi
• osati kuchuluka kwa thukuta,
• palpitations, kukula kwa tachycardia,
• kuchepa kowoneka bwino,
• kufunika kokodza pafupipafupi,
• mawonekedwe a chizungulire, kufooka,
• fungo lamphamvu la acetone akapuma.

Pangozi ndi anthu:

• zaka zake ndizoposa zaka 45,
• onenepa kwambiri
• kukhala ndi abale apamtima odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, okhala ndi chibadwa chodziwika bwino pakukula kwa matendawa.

Muthanso kuunikanso mikhalidwe yomwe pamafunika kumvetsetsa kukula kwa magazi a magazi, mwa kuwunika:

• ndi matenda ashuga, mosasamala mtundu,
• muli ndi mwana,
• kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo,
• mukuchita mantha.
• kukula kwa sepsis,
• ndi mavuto a chiwindi
• ndi matenda a endocrine system,
• matenda a pituitary gland.

Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kusintha kulikonse m'thupi kumatha kuonekera kuchokera kunja, koma kofunikira kwambiri pazinthu komanso ziwalo zambiri.

Poyambirira, kusintha koteroko kumatha kupezeka ndikudutsa kuyezetsa magazi kwa glucose.

Mlingo wa glucose

Mlingo wabwinobwino wamagazi womwe umadziwika ndi biochemistry ungasiyane, kutengera zaka za wodwalayo.

Zizindikiro zakubadwa:

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Kudumpha kwa glucose pa nthawi yoyembekezera kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 6.6 mmol / lita imawoneka ngati yachilendo. Komanso, mlingo ungasinthe panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukwera mpaka 7.8 mmol / L. Ndikofunikira kuti lactic acid index pa nthawi ya mayeso isapitirire 2.2 mmol / L.

Fructosamine Yachilendo:

• mwa amuna - mpaka 282 μmol / l,
• kwa akazi - 351 μmol / l.

Mulingo wa hemoglobin wa mibadwo yonse sayenera kupitirira 5.7%.

Asanadzipereke

Pofufuza, capillary pang'ono kapena venous magazi ndikokwanira. Kuyambira madzulo, madzi okha ndi omwe amayenera kumamwa tsiku lisanafike. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musamwe mankhwala.

Biochemistry imachitika molingana ndi algorithm yomweyo:

• Zinthu zoyeserera za glucose zimangotengedwa m'mawa zokha. Moyenera pamimba yopanda kanthu, chakudya chomaliza chikhala pafupifupi maola 8 musanabadwe.
• Musanayambe kuyesa, simungathe kudya maswiti, mafuta ndi okazinga wambiri.
• Tsiku lisanafike mayeso amaletsedwa kumwa mowa ndi zakumwa zamphamvu.
• Asanabadwe, sibwino kusuta osachepera maola angapo.
• Sikulimbikitsidwa kulemetsa thupi patsiku loperekera. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha m'maganizo.

Kupatuka kwina kulikonse kungasonyeze kusowa kwa ma pathologies aliwonse mthupi.

Kupenda kwazinthu zam'thupi

Kutengera ndikuzindikira, mungathe kusankha mayeso osiyanasiyana.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi izi, mawunikidwe otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano:

• Kuphatikiza kwamwazi ndi njira yofufuzira. Mothandizidwa ndi ma diagnostics amenewa, ndizotheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zigawo zingapo zofunika pa minofu ndi thupi. Kuzindikira kumachitika mu ma biochemical Laboratories.
• Glucose kulolerana mayeso ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kafukufukuyu amalemba shuga wa m'magazi. Mwazi umaperekedwa kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo mphindi 5, wodwalayo amamwa madzi ndi shuga wosungunuka. Mpanda wotsatira uli theka lililonse la maola awiri.
• Kulekerera kwa glucose pa C-peptide. Pogwiritsa ntchito mayesowa, ndikotheka kuyang'ana momwe magawo a beta amapangira mahomoni. Phunziroli limathandizira kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa njira zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ake kutengera mtundu.
• Kafukufuku wa glycated hemoglobin. Kuzindikira kumeneku kukuwonetsa ubale wa shuga ndi hemoglobin. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kutha kuchitika kuchipatala chilichonse, chawekha kapena chapagulu, chokhala ndi ma laboratories okhala ndi zida.

Kulemba zotsatira

Mutha kukayezetsa magazi kulikonse, koma kudziwa ndikusankha koyenera ndikofunikira, komwe adokotala amachita. Zizindikiro zofananira zidaperekedwa pamwambapa, motero ndikofunikira kulingalira milandu yokhala ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera.

Amanena za prediabetes ngati shuga amaposa 7.8 mmol / L. Chidziwitso cha matenda a shuga amellitus chimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe shuga yawo imaposa 11.1 mmol / lita. Kuphatikiza apo, chisonyezo chowonjezereka cha lactic acid chimatha kutsimikizira matendawa. Kutsimikiza kwazidziwitso koyenera kumakhudzidwa ndi chizindikiro cha fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Alpha amylase

Ntchito ma amylase- kugawa zakudya zovuta kukhala zosavuta. Amylase (diastasis) amapezeka mu malovu ndi kapamba. Mukamayesa mayeso pa intaneti kapena ndi dokotala, chidwi chimakopeka ndikuwonjezera ndikuchepetsa chizindikirochi.

Alfa amylase imawonjezereka ngati tanena:

• pachimake kapamba
• khansa ya kapamba
• mumps
• matenda a chiwindi,
• pachimake aimpso kulephera
• kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso glucocorticosteroids, mchiyama.

Alfa amylase yafupika mukazindikira:

• myocardial infaration
• thyrotoxicosis,
• toxicosispa mimba
• wathunthu pancreatic necrosis.

Ma elekitironi pamagazi - ndi chiyani?

Sodium ndi potaziyamu ndiye ma electrolyte apamwamba m'magazi a anthu. Palibe mankhwala amodzi mthupi omwe amatha popanda iwo. Magazi ion - kusanthula, pomwe zovuta zamagazi m'magazi zimatsimikiziridwa - potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kagayidwe kazakudya ndi michere.

Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyendetsa zikutulutsa zamagetsi mumtima. Chifukwa chake, ngati chikhalidwe cha chinthuchi mthupi chaphwanyidwa, izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu atha kukhala wopanda ntchito myocardial. Hyperkalemia ndi mkhalidwe momwe milingo ya potaziyamu imakwezedwa, hypokalemia imachepa.

Ngati potaziyamu adakwezedwa m'magazi, katswiri ayenera kupeza zifukwa ndikuzichotsa. Kupatula apo, zinthu ngati izi zitha kuwopseza kukula kwa zinthu zoopsa mthupi:

• arrhythmias(intracardiac block, atrive fibrillation),
• kuphwanya zamkati
• kugwa HERE,
• zimachitika kuchepetsa
• chikumbumtima.

Zinthu zoterezi ndizotheka ngati mulingo wa potaziyamu ukuwonjezeka kufika pa 7.15 mmol / L kapena kupitilira. Chifukwa chake, potaziyamu mwa amayi ndi abambo amayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ngati magazi a bioassay atulutsa potaziyamu osakwana 3.05 mmol / L, magawo otere amakhalanso ovulaza thupi. Mwanjira imeneyi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zidadziwika:

• kusanza ndi kusanza
• kuvutika kupuma
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kufooka kwa mtima
• kutaya kwamadzi pachimake ndi ndowe.

Ndikofunikanso kuchuluka kwa sodium m'thupi, ngakhale kuti chinthuchi sichikhudzidwa mwachindunji. Sodium ali mu madzi akunja kwama madzi. Imasunga kupanikizika kwa osmotic ndi pH.

Sodium amuchotsa mkodzo, njirayi imawongolera aldosterone - mahomoni a adrenal cortex.

Hypernatremia, ndiye kuti, mphamvu zambiri za sodium, zimayambitsa chidwi cha ludzu, kusakwiya, kunjenjemera kwa minofu ndi zopindika, kugwidwa ndi kutsekemera.

Kuyesa kosavuta

Kuyesa kosavuta- kuyesa kwathunthu kwa magazi a immunochemical, komwe kumaphatikizapo kafukufuku kuti adziwe rheumatoid factor, kusanthula kwa ma cell a immune immune, kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies a o-streptolysin. Kuyeserera kwa rheumatic kumatha kuchitika palokha, komanso gawo la maphunziro lomwe limakhudza ma immunochemistry. Kuyeserera koyeserera kuyenera kuchitika ngati pali zodandaula za kupweteka m'malo.

Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa kwatsatanetsatane kwamagazi owerengeka ndizofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza. Ndikofunikira kuti iwo amene akufuna kuchita kuchuluka kwa magazi kapena kuyezetsa magazi ku polyclinic kapena ku labotale kuti azindikire kuti labotale lililonse limagwiritsa ntchito ma reagents, owunikira komanso zida zina. Chifukwa chake, muyezo wazizindikiro ungasiyane, womwe uyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamawunika zomwe mayeso azachipatala amaonetsa. Musanawerenge zotsatirazi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe omwe amaperekedwa ku chipatala amawonetsa zomwe ayenera kudziwa kuti adziwe zoyenera molondola. Chikhalidwe cha UAC mwa ana chimawonetsedwanso pamafomu, koma adotolo ayenera kuwunika zotsatira zake.

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi: fomu yoyesa magazi 50 - ndi chiyani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuyamwa? Uku ndikuwunikira kuti muwone ma antibodies omwe ali mthupi ngati ali ndi kachilomboka. HIV. Kuwunikira kwa f50 kumachitika zonse limodzi ndikukayikira za HIV komanso cholinga chopewa munthu wathanzi. Ndikofunikiranso kukonzekera phunzirolo moyenera.