Matenda a kapamba > Matenda a shuga

Nthendayi imapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi chiwindi, duodenum. Rancreas - "tray for theanyama", "pilo pamimba." Imapezeka mozungulira pamlingo wa I-II lumbar vertebrae (kumanja - mutu ndi mawonekedwe owumbidwa ndi mbezo zili moyandikana ndi duodenum, kumanzere - mchira umafikira pazipata za ndulu). Kumanzere kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo kwake kuli zombo zapamwamba kwambiri za mesenteric, apa gland imayamba kuonda. Malowa amatchedwa kuti chisumbu, chomwe chimapitilira kumanzere kwa thupi ndi mchira.

Kutsogolo ndi pansi, thupi ndi mchira wa tinthu timeneti timakutidwa ndi peritoneum, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa "kapisozi" komwe minofu yolumikizira imalowa m'matumbo, ndikugawa m'mphepete mwa timatulutsa timene timapangika ziphuphu. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku primordia yayikulu ya dorsal ndi ventral, kapamba imakokedwa kudzera m'makumba awiri omwe amalumikizana mutu. Pambuyo pake, dambo la Wirsung limayenda kulowa mkati mwa gawo lalikulu la duodenal nipple (rapilla vateri), ndipo Santarinov (d. Santorini) limatsika masentimita awiri kukwera kuchokera ku duodenum palokha.

Mu 7% ya milandu, ma ducts samalumikizana, m'malo otere d. Santorini amakoka thupi ndi mchira, ndipo dambo la Wirsung limangokhala ndi mutu komanso mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mbedza.

Kasitomala amatulutsa mahomoni m'magazi (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin ndi ma polypeptides, proteinase inhibitor).

Kuchuluka kwa ma bicarbonate (mpaka 2000 ml) ndi ma pancreatic enzymes amamasulidwa ndikuwunikira kwa duodenum: trypsin, imotrypsin, lipase, amylase, etc. Ngakhale kuti amylase imapangidwanso m'magazi a salivary, mu ma gland mammary, mu lactation, m'chiwindi, ndi m'chiberekero. machubu, kutsimikiza kwa ndende ya amylase m'magazi ndi mkodzo ndiye mayeso ofala kwambiri amtundu uliwonse wa kapamba.

Cancreas: kapangidwe, ntchito, matenda, kuwunika kwawo komanso chithandizo

Cancreas (kapamba) ndi chiwalo cham'mimba chomwe chimagwira ntchito zonse ziwiri mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupanga madzi a pancreatic omwe ali ndi ma enzymes am'mimba, komanso kupanga mahomoni akuluakulu a insulin ndi glucagon, komanso mahomoni ena owonjezera, mwachitsanzo, ghrelin, yomwe imayambitsa chilimbikitso cha kudya. Pokhala zonse zomwe zimapanga chinsinsi chakunja ndi mkati, kapamba amatenga gawo lofunikira osati pakukonza chakudya, komanso mu chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa kapamba amapezeka mu Talmud, pomwe chimbudzi chimatchedwa "chala cha Mulungu." M'mabuku ake, Aristotle adawona kapamba ngati chiwalo chomwe chimateteza mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi, ndipo lingaliro ili lidathandizidwa, mpaka mokulira mpaka m'zaka za XVII. Pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu zapitazo, Vesalius wazachilengedwe waku Italy adalongosola za glandular, ndikuwapatsa gawo lofunikira pakugawa mitsempha yamagazi. Masiku ano, kapamba amaphunziridwa mokwanira, zomwe zimalola kuti madokotala amakono azindikire molondola komanso kupereka mankhwala othandiza.

Zikondamoyo mwa akulu

Udindo wofunikira umaperekedwa kwa kapamba mu thupi la munthu wamkulu. Samachita nawo chimbudzi, komanso amatulutsa mahomoni ofunikira kuti ma metabolic ambiri apangidwe. Chiwalo cham'mimba chimakhala chokhudza thupi, chifukwa chake kuphwanya kulikonse mu ntchito yake kumakhudza thanzi la munthu.

Kulemera kwa kapamba wa munthu wamkulu kumasintha pafupifupi pakati pa 70-80 g.

Zikondamoyo mwa ana

Pafupifupi milungu 4-5 yakukula kwa fetal, kapamba amunthu amayamba kupanga kuchokera ku mesenchyme ndi endoderm. Imasanjidwa pafupi ndi malo omwe chiwindi chimadzakulirakonso. Mesenchyma ndi nyongolosi ya m'mimba yomwe imapangidwa kuti ipange minofu yolumikizana, mafupa, magazi ndi minofu yosalala. Kuchokera pamenepo, ndikupanga kapamba, minyewa yolumikizana imapangidwa. Endoderm ndiye pepala lakumera lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi kupanga epithelium yapakhungu ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Maselo a Endoderm amapanga mapangidwe okongola komanso magawo a kapamba omwe amayang'anira ntchito ya exocrine.

Choyamba, kapamba ndimtundu waung'ono wamatumbo a embryonic. Mwana wakhanda akamakula, ma cell a epithelial Amagawa ndikumapanga zigawo zikuluzikulu za glandular: mutu, thupi ndi mchira. Ntchito za endocrine ndi exocrine pancreatic zimachitika ndi iye kumapeto kwa trimester yoyamba ya mimba. Nthawi yomweyo, ziphuphu zimawoneka (zigawo zogwirira ntchito komanso zogwira ntchito) ndipo zimayamwa. Ma cell a pancreatic islet akuwonetsedwa pafupifupi sabata la 9 la mimba. Mapangidwe awo amapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa pakati.

Pobadwa, kapamba wamunthu amafikira masentimita 3-5 kutalika kwake ndipo amangolemera 2-3 g.Mthupi latsopanolo, chimbudzi chimakhala chambiri kuposa achikulire, pamlingo wa XI-XII thoracic vertebrae. Kuyambira pomwe khanda limabadwa m'thupi, kapamba amakula mwachangu, omwe amakhala pafupifupi ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pazaka zitatu, unyinji wa chiwalocho ndi pafupifupi 20 g, pa 10-12 zaka - 30 g. Zikondamoyo zomwe zangobadwa kumene zimakhala zosefera, chifukwa chosowa kukhazikika kwa thupilo kukhoma lakumbuyo kwam'mimba. Mawonekedwe a thupi la munthu wamkulu, kapamba amatenga pafupifupi zaka 6.

Zojambula zamatumbo ndi ma pancreas

Ziwalo ziwiri zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa michere yofunika ndi chiwindi ndi kapamba. Pancreas ndi gawo lotalika la utoto wamtambo-wa pinki, wokhala pachipupa chakumaso kwa peritoneum ndikufikira pang'ono m'dera la hypochondrium yamanzere. Zigawo zitatu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake: mutu, thupi, mchira.

Chachikulu kwambiri komanso chofunikira pakugwira ntchito yofanana ndi thupi, chitsulo chimagwira ntchito zakunja ndi zina. Gawo lake la procrine lili ndi ma department achinsinsi komanso gawo loyambira. Pano, madzi a pancreatic amapangidwa, opangidwira chimbudzi cha chakudya, kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Gawo la endocrine la kapamba limapangidwa ndi ma pancreatic islets omwe amachititsa kuti mahomoni azikhala komanso azitha kuyendetsa mafuta m'thupi.

Mwa munthu wamkulu, mutu wa kapamba umakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5 kapena kuposerapo, makulidwe amtunduwu amasiyanasiyana masentimita 1.5 mpaka 13. Kutalika kwa kapamba kumakhala pafupifupi 1.75-2.5 cm. Mchira wa chiwalo umatha kufika 3.5 kutalika masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake pafupifupi masentimita 1.5. Kunja, kapamba umakutidwa ndi chifuwa tating'ono tating'ono.

Kodi kapamba amapezeka kuti?

Kuti muzitha kuzindikira zizindikiritso za kapamba pakapita nthawi, muyenera kumvetsetsa komwe ndi momwe thupi limakhalira. Chifukwa chake, kapamba amapangidwira pang'onopang'ono pamlingo wa vertebra yoyamba kapena yachiwiri. Poterepa, mchira wa chiwalo umakhala wapamwamba pang'ono kuposa mutu wake. Mwachidule, chiwalocho chimakhala cha 5-10 masentimita kuyambira mchombo kupita m'mwamba. Mutu wa chiwalocho moyandikana ndi duodenum, womwe umachiphimba ngati chovala akavalo. Zikondamoyo zimaperekedwa ndi magazi kudzera m'mitsempha ya pancreas-duodenal. Kutembenuka kwam magazi kumachitika kudzera m'mitsempha yama portal.

Kuseri kwa kapamba, msana, malo okugwa a kumanzere ndi kumanzere, komanso msempha, ndiwotulutsidwa. Pamaso pake pali m'mimba. Kuyankha funso loti kapamba amapezeka pati, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbali ya thupi lake imagawanika kukhala mbali yakutsogolo / kumbuyo / kumbuyo:

mbali yakutsogolo ili pafupi ndi khoma lakumbuyo kwa chida china chofunikira kwambiri cha m'mimba - m'mimba,
mmbuyo - polumikizana ndi msana komanso m'mimba,
malo apansi ali pansi pa muzu wa chopingasa (gawo lachiwiri) la koloni.

Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka chiwalo, kutsogolo / chapamwamba / m'munsi m'munsi mumasiyanitsidwa. Mchira wa gland umafika pachipata chokhala ndi ma spleen kutalika kwake ndipo umakhala pamwamba kumanzere.

Ntchito ya pancreatic

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zam'mimba zimagwira ntchito yosakanikirana. Chifukwa chake, mbali inayo, kapamba ndimtundu wankhanza, winayo - kutulutsa kwina. Ntchito za Exocrine (exocrine) ndikupanga ma enzymes (ma enzymes) am'mimba ndi chinsinsi chawo mu duodenum. Ntchito yayikulu ya michere ya pancreatic ndikuphwanya komanso kufinya kwa chakudya / mapuloteni / mafuta. Monga chamba cha kapamba, kapamba amapanga insulin, glucagon ndi mahomoni ena ofunikira.

Ma hormone a pancreatic amaphwanya mafuta acids ofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa impso, mtima ndi minofu ina. Mahomoni a pancreatic siwofunikiranso chiwindi, chomwe chimawagwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu zowonjezera.

Ntchito zoyeserera ndi kutulutsa ziwalo za glandular sizimayenderana. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda a shuga, matenda ammimba mwa odwala samawonedwa. Komanso, m'malo mwake, kufalikira kwamphamvu kwambiri mu minyewa ya chiwalo sikumapangitsa nthawi zonse kukula kwa hypoglycemia. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusintha kulikonse kwamatenda am'mimba kumapazi kumakhudzanso mafuta ndi mphamvu ya metabolism.

Pancreatic michere

Kupanga kwamadzi am'mimba ndi ma enzymes ndi ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba. Maselo opanga amapanga zomwe zimatchedwa "proenzymes", zomwe sizigwira ntchito mpaka nthawi inayake. Amatulutsa pafupifupi 0,5-1 l a chakudya chogaya patsiku. Kutulutsa kwake kumachitika chakudya chikalowa m'mimba. Nthawi yomweyo, mahomoni amatulutsidwa mu duodenum, yomwe imathandizanso michere ya pancreatic kunja kwa tiziwalo tokha. Ntchito yopanga enzyme imatengera secretin ndi pancreosimine, zomwe zimasungidwa ndi mucous membrane wamatumbo ang'onoang'ono pomwe madzi a m'mimba amalowa. Chomwe chimakwiyitsa kwambiri pamenepa ndi ma hydrochloric acid omwe amapezeka m'madzi a m'mimba.

Ma enzymes akuluakulu opangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amathandizira kugaya ndi awa:

amylase, amene amachititsa kuti mafuta amene amabwera m'thupi azikhala ndi chakudya,
lipase, yopangidwira chimbudzi cha mafuta zitatha kupanga ndi bile,
trypsin ndi chymotrypsin, omwe amaphwanya mapuloteni omwe wadutsa magawo oyamba okumba, ali kale m'mimba.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti enzyme yotere monga trypsin imangopangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic. Nthawi yomweyo, lipase imapangidwa osati ndi kapamba, komanso chiwindi, mapapu ndi matumbo. Ndipo kapangidwe ka amylase kamatengeka pang'ono ndi tiziwalo tating'ono. Lipase ndi enzyme yosungunuka yamadzi yopangidwa kuti igwetse mafuta osaloledwa. Enzyme iyi imachita mbali yofunika pakupanga mphamvu, yomwe imayendetsa ma protein a polyunsaturated mafuta komanso kuyamwa kwa mavitamini ena osasintha a mafuta.

"Choyambitsa" kupanga ma michere ndi chakudya chomwe chimalowa m'thupi. Mphamvu ya pancreatic michere, monga tafotokozera kale, imachitika mchikakamizo cha bile.

Ntchito ya pancreas exocrine: mahomoni ndi gawo lawo

Kuchepetsa / kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi ntchito yayikulu yomwe insulin ndi glucagon imachita. Ma cell a lets is-lched otchedwa Langerhans, omwe amakhala mchira wa chiwalo, ndi omwe amapanga insulin. Insulin imalowetsa shuga m'magazi, imathandizira kuti iwayamwa komanso kuchepa kwa chizindikiritso cha shuga m'magazi. Horm yachiwiri, glucagon, m'malo mwake, imawonjezera shuga, kuthetsa hypoglycemia. Amapangidwa ndi ma α-cell, omwe amapanganso zisumbu za Langerhans. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti maselo a alpha ndi omwe amachititsa kuti glucagon aphatikizidwe, komanso amatulutsa lipocaine - chinthu chomwe chimateteza chiwindi kuti chisawononge mafuta.

Kuphatikiza pa maselo a alpha ndi beta, ma islets a Langerhans ali pafupi 1% yopangidwa ndi maselo a delta ndi 5% ya maselo a PP. Zoyambazo ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma ghrelin, omwe amatchedwa kuti chilakolako cha kudya. Awiriwo amapanga pancreatic polypeptide yopanga ma amino acid 36 osiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera chinsinsi cha kapamba. Njira zovuta zoterezi zikusonyeza kuti chiwindi ndi kapamba, komanso ziwalo zina zingapo zimalumikizana bwino, komanso kusokonezeka m'matumbo mosakayikira kumayambitsa mavuto kuchokera ku machitidwe ena.

Mawonekedwe a zopweteka

Cholinga chodandaulira mwachangu kwa dokotala wa gastroenterologist ndimapweteka amitundu yonse yam'mimba, chifukwa chomwe munthu sangadziwe yekha. Ndikumva kupweteka komwe ndiko chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kapamba, miyala m'miyala, minofu necrosis, etc.

Kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba wam'mimba) nthawi zambiri kumayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwa hypochondrium yamanzere, kumathandizidwa ndi kupweteka kwa mtima, thukuta kwambiri, kufooka kwapafupipafupi, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza. Ndi kukula kwa njira yotupa yotupa, kupweteka kwa kapamba kumatchulidwa ndipo kumatha kukhala lamba. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosatheka kukhutiritsa ululu ndi mankhwala a antispasmodic. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala ndikukhala ndi chidwi kumathandizira kufooketsa mawonekedwe ake kwa wodwalayo. Ululu wa kapamba mu kutupa kwapakhungu uyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za osteochondrosis, pyelonephritis ndi shingles:

osteochondrosis ya dera lumbar imayendera limodzi ndi zopweteka zomwe zimachitika pamene mukufufuza dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo,
herpes zoster yoyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka herpes imawonekanso ngati zotupa pakhungu,
ndi kuukira kwa pyelonephritis kumatha kutsimikizika pang'onopang'ono kumbuyo kwa dera la impso, momwe zopweteka zimangokulira.

Kutupa kosalekeza kwa kapamba, mosiyana ndi pachimake, kumawonekera mu ululu wofowoka. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pambuyo podyera chakudya choletsedwa mu matendawa. Nthawi zambiri kupweteka kwamatumbo a pancreatitis kumakhala kodziwika kwa wodwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achedze mochedwa kwa dokotala komanso kuti matendawo apitirire.

Khansa yapakansa

Ma tumor omwe amapanga minofu ya ziwalo zam'mimba omwe amakhala m'malo achitatu omwe amapezeka. Mwa amuna, khansa ya pancreatic ali pachinayi pachiwopsezo cha kufa, mwa akazi - achisanu. Komanso, mwa amuna, matendawa amapezeka pafupipafupi 1.5. Ndipo izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, munthawi ya zaka 60-80.

Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale khansa yapakansa ndi:

kutupa kosatha kwa kapamba,
uchidakwa komanso kusuta,
matenda ashuga
kudya kwambiri nyama yokazinga ndi mafuta,
kukhudzana ndi zakumwa zanyama m'thupi,
kunenepa kwambiri kwa malamulo
Kusintha kwa mtundu wa p53, K-ras oncogene.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pafupifupi 95% ya odwala omwe amapezeka ndi pancreatic adenocarcinoma, kusintha kwamitundu ya banja la K-ras kumawonedwa, komwe kumawongolera kukula kwa maselo owopsa.

Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya kapamba imadziwika m'mutu wa chimbudzi. Kusintha kwawomweku kumatsimikiziridwa pafupifupi milandu 80%.Nthawi zina zapezeka zotupa m'minyezi ndi thupi la chithokomiro. Zowonongeka zazikulu zamatumbo onse (zimayambitsa khansa) komanso kupezeka kwa ma neoplasms ndizowonjezera zazidziwitso.

Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa khansa ya pancreatic ndimaselo a epithelial maselo a chimbudzi. Mitundu yoyipa yopangidwa ndi ma acinar cell ndi squamous cell carcinoma imapezekanso. Metastases imatha kuwonedwa mu backoperitoneal lymph node ndi ma lymph node a hepatoduodenal ligament. Kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi, metastases imatha kufalikira kwa minofu ya mafupa, chiwindi, impso ndi adrenal gland, mapapu.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba zimadziwoneka bwanji zimatengera komwe chotupacho chili ndi kukula kwake.

Pakumayambika, zizindikiritso za matendawa zimatha kufooka, kutopa, kusokonezeka kwa magazi ndi chizindikiro cham'mimba.
Matendawa akamakula, odwala amatha kumva ululu wosakhazikika mu epigastrium ndi kumanja kwapamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zina kumverera kowawa kumatha kukhala ngati lamba, kupereka kumbuyo ndi kutsika kumbuyo.

Zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa za khansa ya kapamba sizodziwika. Zizindikiro zomwezo zimawonedwa limodzi ndi matenda ena a kapamba, mwachitsanzo, ndi kapamba, yemwe amapezeka mu mawonekedwe owopsa komanso osakhazikika.

Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikuwoneka, pitani kuchipatala. Posankha khansa ya kapamba, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa matendawa ndi matenda amtundu wa biliary, neignlasops ndi kapamba.

Kutupa kwa kapamba

Kutupa kwa kapamba - kapamba - matenda omwe amapezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa parenchyma ndi zimakhala zomwe zimazungulira mbali ya glandular. Pamodzi ndi pachimake appendicitis ndi cholecystitis, kapamba imakhala matenda atatu apamwamba omwe amafunikira opaleshoni yodzidzimutsa. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kapamba ndi kufunika kwa ntchito zake, zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutupa zimayambitsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi ndi moyo wa wodwalayo.

Ma enzyme osagwira omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba, limodzi ndi madzi a pancreatic, amatulutsidwa kudzera mumkati mutumbo mutangodya. Njira yotupa yomwe imakhudza minyewa ya glandular limalepheretsa kuwala kwa pancreatic duct, ndipo, motero, kapamba amataya kutaya ma enzymes, ndipo adayambitsidwa momwemo. Chifukwa chake, ma pancreatic enzymes opangidwa kuti apukutse mapuloteni, mafuta, ndi michere amayamba kuwononga maselo a ziwalo.

Pachimake kapamba

Kutupa, komwe kumayamba ndi kapamba ndipo amakhala mwaukali, kumakhala pachiwopsezo cha thanzi komanso moyo wa wodwalayo. Pachimake kapamba limodzi ndi necrosis ndi zotupa. Amayamba chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakale kwa ma enzyme omwe amayamba kuwononga maselo a ziwalo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya malamulo zingakhale:

kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo, okazinga, zakudya zokometsera kapena mowa,
nthenda ya ndulu, yomwe ingayambitse chotupa chamimba.
zotupa zama metabolic ndi mankhwala,
Kulephera kwaimpso ndi matenda opatsirana, mwachitsanzo, chiwindi B,
kuwonongeka kwa kapamba chifukwa cha opareshoni.

Zoyambilira ziwiri zoyambirira za matenda opatsirana owopsa a kapamba ndizofala kwambiri, zina zonse ndizosowa.

Zowonekera zazamankhwala pazovuta za pancreatitis pachimake ndizopweteka komanso dyspeptic syndrome, komanso zizindikiro za endo- ndi exocrine kusakwanira. Zowawa pakukhumudwa kwamatenda zimatulutsidwa pamimba kumtunda, kumanzere ndi mbali zamanja. Ikhoza kukhala lamba, kupatsanso m'munsi kumbuyo ndikamanzere. Kulimbitsa kwa ululu kumawonedwa mutatha kudya. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndikalandira chakudya, kapamba amayamba kupanga michere yochulukirapo, yomwe, ikagwidwa mkati mwake, imakhudzanso ziwalo za thupilo. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha pancreatitis pachimake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala chete, kukana kudya zakudya zilizonse. Ndikofunikanso kuyika pepala lozizira kapena botolo lamadzi kumalo komwe kapamba amapezeka. Izi zikuthandizira kuti muchepetse njira yotupa pang'ono. Yomweyo ndi isanayambike zizindikiro za kuukira kwa kapamba kapamba, pamafunika kuyimbira ambulansi.

Zizindikiro za dyspeptic syndrome zimaphatikizira mawonekedwe a mseru, kusanza mobwerezabwereza, komwe sikubweretsa mpumulo ndipo kungakhale ndi malingaliro a bile, komanso kutulutsa.

Matenda a kapamba

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi anthu 27.4-50 mwa 100000 ku Russia amapezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha khansa. Mwa ana, chiwerengerochi sichochepa ndipo ndi 9-25 milandu pa anthu 100,000. Masiku ano m'maiko otukuka pali "kukonzanso" kwa chifuwa chachikulu. Ngati m'mbuyomu pafupifupi odwala ali ndi matenda amenewa anali ndi zaka 50, lero ali ndi zaka 39. Kuphatikiza apo, panali azimayi ena 30% mwa odwala.

Mwa aakulu kapamba amatanthauza matenda opatsirana a kapamba, momwe mumakhala zosinthika zowonongeka mu parenchyma ndipo, molakwika, kuphwanya kwamkati kwa chinsinsi cha ntchito ya ziwalo.

Zizolowezi zoipa monga kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokonekera a pancreatic. Palinso ubale wapamtima pakati pa njira zomwe zimapangidwira kukula kwa kapamba ndi njira zina za m'mimba, m'mimba, ndi duodenum. Zosafunikira ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda a kapamba:

kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kudya kwambiri,
kusowa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma antioxidants, mapuloteni ndi mavitamini pazakudya,
kudya kosawerengeka kwamankhwala ena
mphamvu zamagetsi pazakudya zam'mimba,
chibadwa.

Kwenikweni, chithunzi cha matendawa chimayimiriridwa ndi kupweteka komanso kugaya chakudya. Matenda aliwonse amatha kuwonekera, yekha kapena osakanikirana ndi enanso. Ululuwu umatha kukhala wobwereza kapena wopitilira. Itha kukhala padera kumtunda ndi pakati pamimba kapena pakati. Ululu umatha kuwonekera kumbuyo ndikukhala lamba.

Kupweteka kwamatenda a kapamba kumakhala kovuta ndipo kumatha kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali. Tikatha kudya, chimakula pambuyo pa theka la ola. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukulitsa ululu mutatha kudya sikuwonedwa mwa odwala onse.

Matenda otupa a pancreatic, omwe amapezeka mwa mawonekedwe osakhazikika, amatha kutsagana ndi belching, nseru, ndi kutentha kwamtima kosiyanasiyana ndi zakudya. Komanso, odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa cham'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, chiwonetsero chazironda, kuchepa kwa thupi, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kukula kwa matendawa kungagawike magawo awiri:

zoyambirira, zokhalitsa, monga lamulo, mpaka zaka 10 ndipo zimaphatikizidwa ndi nthawi zosinthika komanso kufalikira kwa matendawo,
exocrine kusowa, kukula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa pancreatic minofu.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi iliyonse pakukonzekera matenda a kapamba angayambe.

Kubadwa kwatsopano kwa kapamba

Anomali mukukula kwa kapamba ndizomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi. Ngati alipo, pali zochitika ziwiri zomwe zingachitike. Mu anomaly woyamba wa chiwalocho samabweretsa vuto lililonse ndipo samayambitsa thanzi. Mutha kuwazindikira mukamafufuza zikondamoyo. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pomwe wodwala amakupimidwa pamaso pa madandaulo okhudzana ndi ziwalo zina zam'mimba zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Mu chachiwiri, zodwala pakukula kwa kapamba zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda ena mtsogolo.

Chosabisa china chosowa kwambiri ndi chida chowonjezera, chomwe chimatchedwa kuti chosabereka. Zomwe zimapangidwa zimapangidwa ndi minofu ya chakudya chamagaya chokha. Koma nthawi yomweyo, gland yowonjezera imayamba kukhala ziwalo zina, mwachitsanzo, m'mimba, duodenum, ndi zina. Mizere yake imatha kukhala 0.5-6 masentimita. Pakapangidwa ndulu “ziwiri”, mchira, thupi ndi mutu zimathanso kuonekera, kapena kokha ma ducts. Zina zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha kapamba zimaphatikizapo:

kapamba woboola pakati,
kuwirikiza kawiri ka zimbudzi,
papilla yowonjezeranso kapangidwe kake ka glandular organ,
kobadwa nako hypoplasia.

Zikondamoyo zooneka ngati mphete ndizosowa kwambiri. Ndi anomatic yotere, gawo lam'munsi la duodenum pang'ono kapena limakumana ndi ziwalo za mutu wa pancreatic. Pankhaniyi, duodenum ikucheperachepera, komwe kumabweretsa kukula kwamtundu wa duodenal, kutsekeka kwakanthawi. Nthawi zambiri, kapamba wooneka ngati mphete amatsimikizika pakukonzekera mayeso kapena kuchitapo kanthu pochita opaleshoni. Nthawi zina mukatha kudya, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lotere amakhala kusanza, komwe ma bile akhoza kutulutsidwanso.

Pathology ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mukufufuza kwa x-ray. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikuwonetsedwa ngati kuphwanya kutuluka kwa zam'mimba komanso mawonekedwe a chipatala omwe amayambitsa kusapeza bwino kapena kuvulaza thanzi la odwala.

Kusintha kwa kapamba

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha kwa kapamba, yotsimikiziridwa ndi ultrasound, nthawi zambiri ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena. Chifukwa chake:

Ngati kuchepa kwakanika kwa minofu kumapezeka, edema yawo imatsimikiza, yomwe ingasonyeze kukula kwa kapamba,
kusokoneza zosintha, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa ma pancreatic zimakhala ndi mafuta, zitha kuwonedwa mwa odwala okalamba kapena anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus,
posankha pancreatic minofu ya m'mimba mwa wodwalayo yemwe wapimidwa, amatha kuzindikira kutukusira kwa chimbudzi.

Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kapamba kumachitikanso chifukwa cha kupsinjika pafupipafupi, kusakhazikika kwa zakudya komanso kusakhazikika kwa zakudya. Kuti awachotse, dokotala atha kulimbikitsa wodwalayo kuti achotse zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa kapamba m'moyo wake.

Kusintha kwakanenedwa pancreas kumatha kuwonetsa njira yotupa mu minyewa ya chiwalo, yomwe, monga lamulo, imayendera limodzi ndi zopweteka. Kuti adziwe bwino, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mayeso okwanira. Nthawi zambiri chomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwa kapamba ndi kapamba. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo adalandira mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa. Nthawi zina opaleshoni imafunika kuti vutoli lithe.

Kuzindikira kwa kusinthasintha kwakakang'ono kwa kapamba kungasonyeze kukula kwa fibrosis, kapamba kapena lipomatosis. Kusintha kwamphamvu ndi dystrophic mu kapamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa miyala ndi cysts, kukula kwa chotupa. Chofunika kwambiri pakuwazindikira ndikusintha kwa kusintha kwa mndandanda wamatenda am'mimba ndi mawonekedwe a ecoscopic:

mutazindikira zosintha zotere komanso kuwonjezereka pang'ono kwa kapamba, kapangidwe ka kapamba ka pachimake kungaganiziridwe,
Kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa thupi ndi kukula kwa chiwalo kumatha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa kapamba,
kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zikondamoyo ndi chizindikiro cha lipomatosis,
kuchuluka kuchulukana, kuchepa kwa kukula kwa chiwalo kapena kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kake kukuwonetsa chitukuko cha fibrosis.

Ndi mawonekedwe osokoneza a parenchyma, kutengera malo omwe ali nawo, wodwalayo amatha kupezeka ndi matenda a kapamba komanso matenda a ziwalo zina zomwe parenchyma imalumikizirana.

Pankhaniyi, kutupa ndi necrosis ya minofu yapakansa, komanso njira yotupa, imatha kuwonedwa.

Kodi matenda a kapamba amadziwika bwanji?

Ulendo wopita kwa dokotala ndikuwonekera kwa zisonyezo zamatenda aliwonse kuchokera ku kapamba amayamba, monga lamulo, ndi kafukufuku komanso kufufuza kwa wodwalayo. Pankhaniyi, katswiri woyamba amafotokoza za khungu ndi zimagwira pakhungu, komanso amawunika momwe ndi komwe kumamveka kuwawa. Kuzindikira kwawonetsedwe kowawa kumatengera gawo lomwe gawo logaya chakudya limakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka matenda:

kupweteka mu hypochondrium yoyenera pamwamba pa msomali ikuwonetsa kuti njira ya pathological imayamba m'misempha ya mutu wapa pancreatic,
kupweteka kwa hypochondrium pamwamba pa msomali kumanzere kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuti matendawa anakhudza mchira wa chimbudzi.
kupweteka m'chiuno kumimba ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa njira ya pathological yomweyo ya mutu, thupi ndi mchira wa chiwalo.

Mukazindikira matenda a kapamba, ndikofunikira kupatula kuwonongeka kwa colon yopingasa. Kusiyanitsa kosiyanasiyana kumachitika ndi palpation. Kuti muchite izi, adokotala amafufuza mosamala madera omwe kupweteka kumawonekera, pamalo apamwamba komanso kumanzere. Ngati kupweteka kumachepera atagona kumbali yanu, titha kunena kuti njira ya pathological yakhudza kapamba.

Njira zolembetsera matenda

Ziyeso zazikuluzikulu za matenda opezeka pancreatic ndikutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa ma pancreatic enzymes mu seramu yamagazi. Komanso, odwala amadziwika kuti ayesedwe magazi ambiri. Ndi zotupa za pancreatic, kusanthula koteroko kumawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwama cell oyera. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kutumizidwa:

kuwerenga ntchito za michere yopangidwa ndi chiwindi,
Kutsimikiza kwa bilirubin, kuchuluka komwe kungasonyeze kukulira kwa chiwopsezo cha kapamba,
urinalysis pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a RAVA, omwe amasankha kupezeka kwa amylase,
kusanthula ndowe zomwe zili mu chymotrypsin, trypsin ndi mafuta.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism.

Chimayambitsa kupweteka kwapancreatic ndi chiyani?

Pali matenda ambiri omwe amayambitsa thupi la munthu, omwe ali ndi matenda a kapamba. Ngati pali kupweteka kosalekeza kumbali yakumanja - ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti chofufumimba chikugwira ntchito ndi kuphwanya malamulo.

Zovuta zachilengedwe, kusowa bwino kwa chakudya, kupezeka kwa utoto wosiyanasiyana mu confectionery ndi zakumwa kumakhudza boma.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto, mpaka kapamba. Ziwalo zaumunthu zimakhala ndi malire komanso zimatha kudzichiritsa nokha, ngati simumakulitsa vutolo, zonse zitha popanda kuchitira kapena kutulutsa kofatsa m'matupi.

Zinthu zonse zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale matenda a kapamba amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pancreatic ndi:

Kuchuluka kwamafuta m'magazi.
Kuchulukitsa kwa pancreatic juisi kupanga.
Kusuta fodya komanso uchidakwa.
Matenda a kachilombo komanso kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa kapamba, kumayambitsa chisokonezo pakugwira ntchito kwake.
Kutupa kwa ndulu, momwe miyala imapangidwira, yomwe imatha kubowola chimbulu chachikulu, ndikupanga chisokonezo mu ntchito yake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale ndi mphamvu, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito.

Mosasamala za etiology, matendawa amawonekeranso ndi kupweteka mu hypochondrium.

Kukula kwa matenda a kapamba kumabweretsa zovuta m'mimba.

Chida chozindikira

Kufufuza kwazida pakupeza matenda a pancreatic ndikofunikira. Ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, yomwe imalola kudziwa mamangidwe a ziwalo, kufotokozeredwa kwa ma contour, kuwunika momwe zimalowera ndikuwona miyala mu chikhodzodzo. Kuphatikiza apo, X-ray ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kukula kwa chiwalo. Makina owerengera ndi maginito a resonance amapatsidwa payokha. Maphunziro oterewa amatha kufotokozera za matendawa, kudziwa kukula kwa pancreatic necrosis komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi m'mimba.

Mitundu yayikulu yamatenda

M'matenda ambiri omwe amapha kapamba, zazikulu zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Ngati kaphatikizidwe kamene kamapika madzi mu khola, koma kutulutsa kwake mu duodenum kumadzaza, kudzimbidwa kwa kapamba kumayambira - uku ndi kupweteka kwa pancreatitis.

Gland parenchyma imayatsidwa ndikuyambitsa kupanikizika. Matendawa amakula msanga, omwe amayenda ndi ululu waukulu. Nthawi zambiri chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi kumwa mowa kwambiri kapena zakudya zamafuta, kupezeka kwa miyala mu chikhodzodzo.

Kuphatikiza pa pancreatitis yachilendo, pakhoza kukhala ndi matenda, omwe amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:

ndi kumwa mopitirira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali, kudya kosayenera, vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya, matenda oyamba a pancreatitis amatha,
yachiwiri kapamba imatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda ena,
post-traumatic pancreatitis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chovulala kapena njira za endoscopic.

Kaya ndi mtundu wa pancreatopathy, chiwonetsero chake chachikulu ndi chimodzi - kusakwanira kwa procrine gland secretion ya michere yomwe imagaya chakudya. Anazindikira kuti ali m'chipatala ndipo ali ndi chosinira ndi ma scan.

Zotsatira za thupi chifukwa cha nthendayi ndizowopsa - kuphwanya kachitidwe ka thupi lonse, makamaka ma endocrine ndi machitidwe am'mimba.

Mtundu wotsatira wa matenda ukhoza kukhala wobadwa nawo kapena wotengedwa - chotupa cha kapamba. Chifukwa cha kuvulala, pachimake komanso chifuwa cham'mimba, chotupa chotchedwa "chotengera" chitha kuonekera. Ma neoplasms omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha matenda a echinococcal - cysts parasitic amaima patokha. Zilonda zitha kudwala chifukwa cholumikizana ndi nyama kapena kumwa madzi akuda. Ma tumor mu kapamba ali ndi mawonekedwe awiri - wogwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso osagwira ntchito.

Zotupa zokhudzana ndi mahormoni zimaphatikizapo:

Hystinoma ndi chotupa chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba za jejunum polimbikitsa kupanga kwa hydrochloric acid.

Insulinoma ndi chotupa champhamvu cha β-cell chomwe chimayambitsa secretion wa insulin.

Glucoganoma ndi chotupa cha ma α-cell, owonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a dermatitis, kuchepa magazi ndi matenda ashuga.

Amapezeka msanga kwambiri, popanda zovuta zilizonse, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwawo kwachitatu, ndikupanga matenda oyambira.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa chotupa uli ndi dzina limodzi lokha - iyi ndi khansa ya kapamba. Ngati chotupa chiwoneka m'mutu, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri chimakhala limodzi ndi jaundice. Nthawi zina, kupweteka kwa epigastric, kuchepa thupi, kukhumudwa m'mimba ndikotheka.

Mitundu yonse yamatumbo, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo, amathandizidwa ndikuchotsa thupi kudzera pakuchita maopaleshoni.

Chithandizo cha Matenda a Pancreatic

Ngati mwadzidzidzi muli ndi vuto la pancreatitis pachimake, ndiye kuti muyenera kukana chakudya masiku angapo: kusowa kwa chakudya kumachepetsa kupanga juwisi, kumasula katundu ku gland.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chisangalalo chisanayambike matenda amachepa kapena kutha konse. Pamasiku oterewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timwe madzi ndi koloko osungunuka mkati mwake ndi decoction wa rosehip zipatso.

Ngati muli ndi ululu pamimba, kusanza kwambiri, kapena ululu wopitilira womwe suyenda kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye muyenera kufunsa dokotala - izi ndi zotheka zizindikiro za matenda monga apendenditis, zilonda kapena kutsekeka kwa duodenum.

Mu chilonda chachikulu cha pancreatitis, kulandira chithandizo kuchipatala ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri ndikofunikira. Njira zotsatirazi zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Wotsitsa pofuna kupewa kusowa kwamadzi m'thupi.
Zopweteka.
Amatanthawuza kuti amatithandizanso kupanga michere.

Pakumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, kenako amapatsidwa mapiritsi.

Mankhwala otchuka komanso ogwira mtima ndi awa:

Pafupipafupi, Aspirin ndi Paracetamol amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza. Pangakhale zosankha pamene Diphenhydramine, Atropine, kapena Platifillin adalembedwa.

Ngati wodwala akumva kupweteka kwambiri komanso kuyimitsidwa ndi ma gels amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuletsa kupanga kwa hydrochloric acid. Ena mwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Kontraluk, Ocid, Omeprazole. Pochiza kuchipatala, mankhwala ena amathandizidwa:

Kuti muchepetse kupanga kwa michere ya pancreatic, Aprotinin ndi Contrical angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Vutoli litadutsa, wodwalayo amafunika chithandizo cha enzyme, chomwe chimachitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala monga Pancreatin, Mezim, Creon.

Popeza zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mapuloteni a nkhumba, pali zolakwika zina za anthu omwe amakonda kuchita ziwengo. Mwa ana, mwachitsanzo, ziwopsezo zamankhwala izi zimayambitsa matumbo.

Pofuna kupewa kupezeka ndi zovuta komanso zovuta, kufananizira kwa mankhwalawa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito - Unienzyme, Somilase, Pepphys.

Malangizo azithandizo

Mankhwala a enzymatic amatengedwa mukatha kudya, ndi dokotala wokhayo amene angapereke mankhwala, aliyense payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina moyo wonse.

M'madera ovuta kwambiri, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kufinya kwa ma kapamba, kuwoneka kwa neoplasm ngati cyst, kapena cholelithiasis, kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira. Izi ndizosafunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kapamba ndi chiwalo chovuta, koma pali nthawi zina momwe mungapulumutsire moyo wa wodwalayo ndikuchotsa ndulu kapena gawo la chindayo chake, mwachitsanzo, pancreatic necrosis ikayamba.

Pofuna kukonzanso mukadwala komanso munthawi ya chithandizo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zoyenera. Nthawi zambiri, njira yabwino yachipatala imasankhidwa ndikunyalanyaza zakudya. Ndizofunikira kusamala pakati pa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa ndikuwunika makalori omwe amamwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito patsiku. Ma calorie omwe amadyedwa sayenera kupitilira omwe amwedwa. Chisankho cholondola ndikusinthanitsa ndi zakudya, ndizoletsedwa kudya kwambiri.

Zakudya monga soseji, ma pickles, nyama yowotcha, phula ziyenera kuiwalika kwamuyaya. Ice cream, makeke, tiyi wamphamvu komanso khofi, mowa uliwonse ndi zonunkhira ndizoletsedwa.

Zovomerezeka ndizophatikiza mbale zam'madzi - cod, pike, bream ndi pike perch, maeleeleti, nkhuku, kalulu, Turkey. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi adokotala.

Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kofotokozedwera kanema mu nkhaniyi.

Kuyesedwa kwa kapamba: ultrasound

Monga lamulo, ndi ultrasound ya m'mimba yogaya chakudya imalembedwa kuti:

kuwonekera kwakanthawi kapena kawirikawiri kubwereza kupweteka kwa epigastrium,
ululu pa palpation yam'madera,
kutupa kapena kudwala kovuta,
cysts, hematomas, zotupa, kapena zotupa,
kusintha kwa khoma lakumaso kwa m'mimba,
Kusintha kwa duodenal kuzungulira.

Kafukufuku wa ultrasound amakupatsani mwayi kuti mufufuze momwe ziphuphu zimapezekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ultrasound ya kapamba imapereka mwayi wofufuza mphamvu zakukula kwa matendawa. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka ziwalo, ma ultrasound a kapamba ndi njira yowononga nthawi.

Kapangidwe kabwinobwino ka kapamba kumakhala kofanana ndi kapangidwe kake ka chiwindi komwe kamayalidwa pang'ono paliponse lachiwalo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka mthupi kumathandizira mawonekedwe a kapamba. Zosintha mu kapangidwe ka kapamba, kotchulidwa ndi ultrasound, kumatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa njira zosiyanasiyana za pathological. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe ndi edema ya chiwalo, chifuwa chachikulu cha pancreatitis chitha kupezeka. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa echostosition ndi heterogeneity kumawonetsa kutupa kapena khansa ya chiwalo.

Zizindikiro zachilendo pakamayesedwa pamiyeso sayenera kupitirira chizindikiro cha 1.5-2 mm. Kukula kwa duct kukhala 2,5-5 mm kumatha kudziwika mu njira yotupa, yomwe imachitika mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika.

Zolemba pamakompyuta

Pakuwunika kolondola kwambiri kapangidwe ka kapamba, matumizidwe ophatikizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pochita kafukufukuyu, wodwalayo amakhala pagome lolumikizidwa ndi sikani yapadera. Zotsirizirazo zimapangidwa malinga ndi gawo lomwe likuyang'aniridwa. Makina ojambula a compact tomography amawongolera ma x-ray kumalo komwe kapamba amapezeka. Chithunzichi chikuwonekera pakompyuta.

Ngati mukukayikira kukhalapo kwa zotupa m'matumba a kapamba, mukamachita ntchito yopangidwa ndi tomography, penti yosiyanitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutengedwa pakamwa kapena kutumikiridwa. CT ndi yofunikira pakuzindikira neoplasms yoyipa kapena kutupa kwa minofu ya pancreatic.

Magnetic resonance imaging

Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda a kapamba ndi kuwunika kwa MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti adziwe zotupa, kuwunika kukula kwake, kutulutsa kwawoko, ndi machitidwe ena ofunikira pakuthandizira. Kuwerenga kwa limba mwa njirayi kumatenga mphindi 10-30. Kuti mupeze zambiri mwatsatanetsatane pamaso pa zovuta za pathologies mu MRI, othandizira owonjezera angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Chithandizo cha Matenda a Pancreatic

Matenda a kapamba, ngakhale atakhala kuti akuvuta, amafunikira chithandizo chanthawi yake. Izi zitha kukhala zakudya, kapena kumwa mankhwala kapena chithandizo kudzera opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, kuukira kwa pachimake kapamba kumafunika kuchipatala mwachangu, ndipo chifuwa chachikulu pakukhululuka kumaphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala kunyumba.

Mankhwala

Zochizira matenda ena kapamba pambuyo kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane, wodwalayo angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

mankhwala a antispasmodic, mwachitsanzo, Baralgin, Papaverine ndi No-Shpa,
Ibuprofen ndi Acetaminophen, ofunikira mawonetsedwe owawa kwambiri,
analgesics, mwachitsanzo, Paracetamol kapena Aspirin,
antihistamines ndi mankhwala a anticholinergic (diphenhydramine, atropine, etc.),
kuyimitsidwa kwa maacidid ndi ma gels kuti athetse ululu, kuthetsa mkwiyo ndi kuwonongeka kwa mucosa wam'mimba,
kukonzekera kwa enzyme komwe kumachepetsa kupanga kwa ma pancreatic enzyme (Kontrikal, Aprotinin),
kukonzekera kwa enzyme kukonzekera, mwachitsanzo, Pancreatinum, Festal, Panzinorm, ndi zina zambiri.

Ponena za mfundo yomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amapangidwa pamaziko a mapuloteni a nkhumba, omwe angayambitse zovuta zina mwa odwala ena. Pofuna kupewa zovuta pamenepa, kukonzekera kwazitsamba kumayikidwa, monga fungus ya mpunga kapena papain. Kukhalitsa pancreatic ntchito, mankhwala omwe ali ndi pilocarpine, morphine, vitamini A, magnesium sulfate, ndi ena angathe kuikidwa.

Mankhwala othandizira

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni yamapamba ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafunikira madokotala ambiri. Chiwalo cholumikizachi chimazunguliridwa ndimitsempha yamagazi yambiri komanso ma ducts am'mimba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa minofu yolumikizana sikokwanira. Malangizo a momwe angachitire opaleshoni zimatengera mtundu wamatendawo komanso njira zake zoyenera kuchitira mankhwalawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pakufunika kuchotsa pang'ono kapamba, opaleshoni imachitidwa kudzera m'matumbo am'mimba. Chojambula chojambula ngati cha T kapena chowongolera kwapakatikati chapakati chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Chithandizo cha Fistula: opaleshoni

Fistula ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka pamalo omwe anaphulika ma cysts, kuvulala, madera omwe biopsy idachitidwa kale kapena opaleshoni idachitidwa. Kuti mupeze chiwalo, laparotomy yayitali kapena yopingasa imachitika. Ndikofunikira kuti pakati pakuwonekera kugwere komwe kuli fistula. Fistula imapangidwa pansi. Pankhaniyi, njira yolimba siyowonongeka. Ndi chidziwitso cha fistula m'dera la thupi kapena mchira wa chiwalo pakachotsa, gawo la kapamba limapangidwanso.

Opaleshoni yokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu

Ndi chiwopsezo cha pancreatitis pachimake, tsiku loyamba litadutsa. Ngati panthawiyi wodwalayo sakudziwa bwino mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, dokotala angaganize kuti achite opareshoni. Ngati ndi kotheka, kufotokozeranso za matendawo kungachitike ndi matenda a laparoscopy. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, chithandizo chitha kusintha:

Ngati kutupika kwa ziwalo kwapezeka, ntchito yachedwa kapena yathetsedwa,
pamaso pa malo a hemorrhagic ndi malo a minofu yakufa, yoyenera kwambiri ndiyokhalanso mwamakhalidwe.

Ngati minyewa yonse yamchiberekero imakhudzidwa ndi necrosis, pancreatectomy yathunthu imachitika.

Kuchotsa pang'ono komanso kwathunthu

Kuchotsa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono mbali inayake yam'mimba kumachitika ndi kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa minofu yake. Kwa izi, hemipancreatectomy yakumanzere kapena kupindika kwathunthu kakhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu woyamba wa ntchito umakhudza kuchotsa thupi kapena mchira wa chiwalo. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yotere, palibe chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Mtundu wachiwiri wa ntchito umakhudza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa chiwalo. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa gwero lenileni la insulin, shuga imayamba.

Kupewa kwa Matenda a Pancreatic

Kupewa matenda a pancreatic makamaka kumakhala kupatula zinthu zomwe zingawononge moyo wawo. Chifukwa chake, njira zazikulu zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa (kusuta, kumwa mowa), kusintha zakudya zanu komanso, pakuwonekera koyamba kwa mavuto a pancreatic, kutsatira zakudya. Inde, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wa gastroenterologist nthawi yoyamba pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatumbo zikuwoneka.

Zaumoyo Pancreatic ndi Zakudya

Ndi njira iliyonse ya m'magazi momwe kapamba amakhalako, zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchiritsa moyenera.Kuphatikiza apo, kutsatira zakudya zapadera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera yomwe ingachepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'mimba. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa michere ya kapamba yomwe amatulutsidwa ndi kapamba zimatengera mtundu wa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa pachakudya chimodzi. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupatula zakudya, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pamimba. Ngati kuphwanya kwazindikirika m'thupi monga kapamba, zakudya zimatanthauzanso kuti kuthetseratu kudya kwambiri. Mwa zinthu zoletsedwa ndikuyenera kudziwa:

zakudya zamafuta ndi zonunkhira
mbale yophika ndi yokazinga,
zakumwa zoledzeretsa
masoseji ndi zinthu zomalizidwa,
tiyi wamphamvu ndi khofi wakuda,
juwisi wowawasa, makeke ndi zinthu zina za confectionery zomwe ndizovuta kugaya.

Mikhalidwe ya zakudya zamatenda a kapamba amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito:

tiyi wofooka, mwina ndi mandimu, shuga pang'ono kapena malo ake, mkaka,
Kujambula kwa m'chiuno kwamaluwa, zipatso ndi mabulosi omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi madzi koma osakhala ndi shuga,
zakumwa zonona za mkaka wowawasa (yogati, kefir), tchizi chamafuta ochepa, mkaka, ma puddings, etc.
supu zamasamba, makamaka zosenda ndi mafuta pang'ono kapena kirimu wowawasa wopanda mafuta.
buledi wowuma wa tirigu wokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa giredi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, zopaka, mabisiketi osakhala batala
nyama zamafuta ochepa (nyama yamkati, nkhuku, kalulu, nkhuku),
nsomba zowonda
zitsulo zochapidwa, semolina, mpunga, oatmeal,
ma omele amaproteni okhala ndi zinthu zazing'ono za ulk,
masamba omwe ali ndi wowuma, kolifulawa, kaloti, zukini, beets, maungu, nandolo wobiriwira,
zipatso ndi zipatso zosafunikira asidi, makamaka wopanda shuga, maapulo osaphika,
zipatso zosenda ndi mabulosi compotes, jellies, mousses.

Zakudya zonse ziyenera kuwotchera kapena kuphika. Mutha kudzaza mbale ndi batala (pazipita 30 g patsiku) ndi mafuta oyeretsa masamba (pazipita 10-15 g).