Kuukira kwa matenda ashuga: Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga?

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amapambana mtundu woyamba ndipo amapezeka 80% ya milandu. Amayamba kuphwanya chakudya cha metabolism.

Izi ndichifukwa choti ma cell a pancreatic amakhala insulini (i.e. amataya chidwi chawo chokhazikika cha mahomoni).

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chiwonongeko cha pancreatic kapena kukula kwa pancreatic necrosis, maselo a B amasiya kupanga insulin.

Kunenepa kwambiri komanso kumangokhala moyo wakhanda kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, ma cell a B omwe amapanga insulin amafa.

Pofuna kupewa kufooka kwathunthu kwa maselo a pancreatic komanso kulipiritsa kufooka kwa insulin, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti insulini ikhale. Matenda a insulin a shuga ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ingawongolere kagayidwe kazakudya.

Amayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za kugunda kwa hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga momwe amawonjezera kwambiri shuga. Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa glucose uyenera kukhala 5.5. Hyperglycemia imayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga pamwambowu.

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chitukuko cha hyperglycemia chimachepera insulin m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chodya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta.

Ngakhale kukomoka kwa matenda a shuga kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi. Komanso, matenda opatsirana amatha kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kodi matenda a shuga ndi otani? Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa vuto la hyperglycemic:

1. Pakamwa pakamwa. Chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka mu 100% ya milandu. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, kamwa youma imayendera limodzi ndi ludzu lalikulu. Wodwala amatha kumwa madzi mu malita, koma ludzu la izi silitha.
2. Kuyamwa mwachangu.
3. Masomphenya opanda pake. Wodwala sangathe kuwona bwino zomwe zili pafupi. Masomphenya osazindikira akuwonetsa kukula kwa kuledzera kwambiri kwa thupi. Ngati wodwala sapatsidwa thandizo loyamba, akhoza kukhala ketoacidosis.
4. Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
5. Zowawa m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, ululu wammbuyo ndi paroxysmal mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri ululu umachepa kwa mphindi zochepa, kenako amabwerera mwamphamvu kwambiri.
6. Kubweza Kusungunula kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera mpaka 10-15 mmol l.

Ngati chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga sichikudziwika pakapita nthawi, zizindikirazi zimakulirakulira. Popita nthawi, ketoacidosis iyamba kupita patsogolo.

Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la mutu, akuwuma kuchokera mucous membrane, kusanza kosalekeza, kudula kupweteka kwam'mimba.

Zoyambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic

Hypoglycemia ndi mkhalidwe womwe shuga ya magazi imatsika kwambiri. Kodi kuukira kumayamba bwanji? Nthawi zambiri amakula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati sing'anga wampatsa wodwalayo mwayi wopatsa wodwala kapena mapiritsi kuti achepetse shuga.

Komanso, kusintha kwa ma pharmacokinetics a mankhwala ena angapangitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimachitika ngati munthu wadwala chiwindi kapena impso. Komanso, ma pharmacokinetics amatha kusintha ngati pakhale pakuya kwa jekeseni wolakwika, ndipo insulin idalowa mu minofu. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kukonzekera kokha mosasuntha.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia zimaphatikizapo:

• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zazitali. Ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, minofuyo imayamba kuganizira kwambiri zovuta za insulin, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia.
• Kuphwanya kwa adrenal gland kapena pituitary gland.
• Zolakwika mu zakudya. Ngati munthu sanadye chakudya chokwanira chakudya chokwanira cha insulin, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chodwala chikuwonjezeka nthawi zina.
• Gastroparesis.
• Malabsorption syndrome.
• Mimba
• Nthawi yonyamula.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
• Matenda opatsirana pachimake.
• Kutentha kwanyengo. M'mikhalidwe yanyengo yoopsa, kufunsa kwa insulin kumatha kugwa kwambiri.

Kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake. Madokotala akuti ndi ma anticoagulants, barbiturates, antihistamines kapena Aspirin, kupanga shuga m'magazi kumachepa. Zotsatira zake, mikhalidwe yabwino imapangidwa kuti ikulitse chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemic.

Kuukira kwina, komwe kumayenderana ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, kumayamba chifukwa chosungidwa bwino kwambiri kwa insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komanso, chithandizo chotenga nthawi yayitali ndi gamma globulin imatha kupangitsa hypoglycemia. Pankhaniyi, gawo la maselo a beta akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso.

Chifukwa cha izi, kufunika kwa insulin kumatsika kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za kuukira kwa hypoglycemia

Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu, magwiridwe antchito a endocrine ndi machitidwe amanjenje amasokonezedwa. Zotsatira zake, kumakhala njala yayikulu, limodzi ndi thukuta, khungu, nkhawa.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia zimaphatikizapo nseru ndi mtima. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa mawonetsedwe azachipatala kumawonjezeka. Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Kudzanjenjemera. Munthu amagwedeza miyendo yonse. Kutentha kumamveka kuti wodwalayo sangakhale ndi foloko kapena supuni m'manja mwake.
2. Mutu waukulu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala limodzi ndi chizungulire.
3. Kuchepetsa maonedwe owoneka. Mkulu kwambiri komanso motsika kwambiri shuga m'magazi amasonyezedwa ndikuphwanya ziwalo zam'maganizo. Munthu sangathe kupanga zinthu zomwe zili pafupi naye. Nthawi zambiri kutsika kwamawonedwe ophatikizika kumayendera limodzi ndi mawu opuwala.
4. Kusokonezeka m'malo.
5. Minofu yolimba. Nthawi zina amayamba kukopeka.

Ngati simuletsa kugwidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mumayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, zizindikiro za shuga wamagazi zimachepa. Pakakhala chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi, wodwalayo amatha.

Mukaletsa kuukira, ndiye kuti kumachitika imfa.

Thandizo loyamba mukamakomoka

Zoyenera kuchita ngati munthu wadwala matenda a hyperglycemia? Poyamba, muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ali ndi 14 mmol / l, kuyendetsedwa mwachangu kwa insulin yocheperako kumasonyezedwa. Jakisoni wotsatira amaloledwa kuchitika osati kale kuposa mumaora awiri.

Ngati shuga sichitha ngakhale jakisoni, ndiye kuti kuchipatala kumafotokozedwa, chifukwa chiopsezo chokhala ndi ketoacidosis chikuwonjezeka. M'chipatala, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi insulin.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mavitamini apadera amasonyezedwanso. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikubwezeretsa mulingo woyambira acid. Ndi chitukuko cha ketoacidosis, wodwalayo amapatsidwa enema yokhala ndi sodium solution.

Woletsa kuukira, wodwalayo ayenera:

• Imwani madzi ambiri. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere, chifukwa amathandizira kuchepetsa acid-base moyenera kwambiri mwachangu.
• Tsatirani zakudya. Zakudya zamafuta othamanga, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndi zophika zatsopano ziyenera kuchotsedwa muzakudya.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Kuyenda mumlengalenga ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapewetsa chiwopsezo cha hyperglycemic.

Kodi mungatani ndi vuto la hypoglycemic? Poyamba, muyenera kuyeza shuga. Ngati ndi yocheperapo, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupatsa wodwalayo yankho ndi shuga. Kuphika kwa glucose kumathandizanso kukulitsa shuga. Iyenera kuzilowera m'mkamwa.

Palibe phindu kupatsa wodwalayo chakudya chochuluka chifukwa cha shuga akamadwala sangathe kutafuna chakudya. Koma bwanji ngati wodwala ataya chikumbumtima chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga? Pankhaniyi, muyenera:

1. Imbani ambulansi.
2. Lowetsani glucagon kwa wodwala. Hormone iyi imathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Glucagon zida zadzidzidzi zimapezeka ku pharmacy iliyonse. Aliyense wodutsapo amatha kugula, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti akhale ndi njira yabwino. Kuyambitsa mahomoni tikulimbikitsidwa intramuscularly.
3. Ikani wodwala kumbali yake. Izi ndizofunikira kuti malovu amatuluka mkamwa ndipo wodwalayo sangathe kutsamwitsidwa.
4. Ikani ndodo pamano. Njirayi ithandiza kuchepetsa ngozi yoti wodwala alume lilime lake.
5. Ndi kusanza, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa zamkamwa za wodwalayo kuti zisanza.

Kuchipatala, kuukiridwa kumayimitsidwa ndi glucose wamkati. Thupi la shuga litayamba kukhala labwinobwino, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaperekedwa kwa wodwala. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a shuga ndi zakudya zapadera. Wodwala amafunika kuyeza shuga wamagazi maola 2,5 aliwonse kuti asadzayambenso. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuthandizani ndi matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Magazi a shuga m'magazi amakwera mwachangu kwambiri ndipo pali chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Koma wodwalayo sangadziwe momwe matendawo amayambira. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala ngozi yoti osatenga nthawi pa nthawi yake. Mkhalidwe waumoyo udzakulira, koma popanda kuyesedwa kwachipatalacho, kupezako sikunakhazikike. Matenda a shuga amatha kubwerezedwa komanso kubweretsa zovuta.

Shuga amalowa mthupi kudzera mu chakudya. Mukamadya zakudya zama protein kapena mapuloteni, muyenera kukumbukira kuti amatha kuwola kukhala mashuga ndi amino acid. Panthawi yovomerezeka ya pancreatic, shuga imakonzedwa. Chiwindi ndi impso zimagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi. Thupi limafunikira kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe thupi limafunikira pamoyo.

Zizindikiro zitha kuchitika poganizira za munthu payekha. Madokotala amati mu thupi la munthu mumachitika njira ina yolembera shuga yemwe amapangidwa ndi insulin. Koma pochitika kuti kuphwanya njirayi kumachitika, shuga wamagazi amakwera. Insulin siyipangidwe mokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito glucose kapena timadzi timadzi timene timakanidwa. Poterepa, matenda a shuga amtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 amayamba kukula.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga 1, wodwalayo adzafunika insulin yowonjezera. Matendawa amatchedwa insulin- amadalira. Matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 awonekera, simukufunika kuti mupeze insulin, imatchedwa yosadalira insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amaonedwa kuti ndi osasunthika pakuwukira mwadzidzidzi komanso kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi unyamata kuyambira wazaka 12. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, ndizotheka kuti kukulira kuwonongeka msanga mu thanzi komanso kuwukira kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga komanso zizindikiro za kuukira

Anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zingawonetsetse kuti matenda a shuga azikula. Koma kumayambiriro kwa matendawa kumakhala kovuta kudziwa matendawa. Ngakhale endocrinologist nthawi zonse samatha kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Koma pali zifukwa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana:

• kukhalapo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pakati pa abale amwazi, ndipo munthu atha kukhala ndi chizolowezi cha matendawa pamlingo wakubadwa ndipo pazinthu zina izi zikhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri,
• kuphwanya kapamba, imatha kukhala yotupa, zotupa za m'mimba, kukula kwa zotupa zopweteka,
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kudya kwambiri,
• chikondi chachikulu pa zonse zotsekemera
• uchidakwa
• kuphwanya maziko am'maganizo,
• kuledzera kwa thupi.

Dokotala wodziwa zambiri atha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga ndi zizindikiro zomwe zawoneka. Koma mulimonsemo, muyenera kudutsa mkodzo ndi kuyezetsa magazi, momwe mulinso shuga ya magazi. Ndi zotsatira za kufufuza koteroko, muyenera kufunsa uphungu wa endocrinologist. Kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo kukuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pa kufufuza kwathunthu, njira yofunikira ya chithandizo imatsimikiziridwa. Ndikulakwitsa komanso mosayenera chithandizo, matupi a ketone amatha kuyamba kupanga, ndipo amatha kutsogola kugwidwa bwino kwa impso kapena ngakhale kulephera kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi, ketoocytosis imapezeka. Vutoli limatha kuchitika ngati thupi latha ntchito kwambiri kapena matenda akayamba m'thupi lake.

Mukazindikira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, chiwonetsero cha matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri chimachitika. Pankhaniyi, kukulitsa khunyu komanso kusintha kwa wodwala kupita kumalo ovuta kuli kofanana.

Kwa odwala awa, shuga wokwanira amamuona ngati wabwinobwino. Koma matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu okalamba. Amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ovuta.

Matenda a shuga amatha kupezeka ndi shuga okwanira m'magazi, koma m'malo mwake, kufalikira kumachitika. Kukula kwakumakula kwa kuwukira sikungaganizike. M'njira zonsezi, wodwalayo amafunikira thandizo lofunikira mwachangu. Ndikwabwino kuti akaperekedwe kuchipatala. Chifukwa chake, ndikusintha kwawukadaulo kwa odwala matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi.

Njira ya matenda a shuga imadziwika ndi kukokoloka kwakanthawi komanso nthawi yokhazikika. Koma zotulukapo zake zimakhudza ntchito ya thupi lonse. Kuwona pang'onopang'ono kuwonongeka, kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a impso ndi chiwindi, dongosolo lamanjenje.

Pofuna kuti tisapangitse chitukuko cha ma pathologies oterowo, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwunika zakudya komanso kumwa mankhwala. Ndi kusowa kwa insulin, odwala ayenera kubayidwa. Zikatero, matendawa amayamba ndipo sawayika thanzi lawo pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Zizindikiro zakuwoneka ndi matenda ashuga

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse:

• wodwalayo ayamba kumva ludzu lomwe sangathe kuzimitsa,
• wodwala amakhala ndi chikumbumtima chambiri,
• wodwalayo atha kukhala wowopsa,
• kuyamba kwa nseru,
• kupuma movutikira
• dongosolo la mtima siligwira ntchito moyenera ndipo zizindikiro za angina pectoris ziyamba kuwonekera,
• kukumbukira kukukulira
• mwa azimayi pamakhala kuphwanya kwa msambo,
• Zizindikiro za pyelonephritis zingaoneke,
• zilonda zam'miyendo zomwe zimayamba kukhala zilonda ndi zilonda.

Malinga ndi zikhalidwe zawo, madotolo amatha kusiyanitsa magawo a matenda a shuga:

• boma la prediabetes
• Njira zamatenda zamakono,
• kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu wake.

Zizindikiro zokhala ndi shuga wochepa wamagazi:

• munthu amakhala wokwiya popanda chifukwa chomveka,
• sangakhale wokwanira
• phokoso ndi kunjenjemera,
• mutu ndi kufooka wamba,
• kuyang'ana m'mlengalenga kwatayika ndipo kulumikizana kumayipa.
• kutsika kwachilendo kumawonekera
• Zinthu zonse ndi zachifundo,
• milomo ndi lilime zitha kuzimiririka,
• ndizovuta kuti munthu azikhala ndi chidwi.

Kudzifufuza kwakanthawi ndi kupenda pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira matendawa ndikusankha njira yoyenera yamankhwala. Simungadziwike nokha ndikumalandira chithandizo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kukomoka, chikomokere ndi kufa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kuti odwala matenda ashuga apatsidwe? Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachitika molingana ndi mtundu wokhazikitsidwa wa matenda a shuga. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mankhwala omwe ali nawo. Izi zikuthandizira kuthetsa kuukira kapena kupewa.

Achibale apafupi a wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuphunzira momwe angathandizire isanachitike. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti mutha kuchita popanda kufunsa dokotala. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri yemwe amayang'ana wodwalayo. Chithandizo chothandizira. Ilinso mfundo yofunika. Kukula kwa kuukira kumatha kuchitika mwachangu, chifukwa chake, thandizo liyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu. Kotero mutha kupewa zovuta komanso kukula kwa chikomokere.

Ndi chikhalidwe choyenera cha munthu yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za m'mitsempha umatha kuchepetsedwa. Munthu wodwala matenda a shuga sangataye moyo wake wamasiku onse ndipo sadzatopetsa matendawa. Ngakhale kuthandizira kwakanthawi komanso kupumula kwa kuwukira kumatha kukhala chiyambi cha chitukuko cha ma pathologies ndikuwongolera kuwonongeka m'moyo wabwino. Chifukwa chake, pazisonyezo zilizonse, ngakhale chimodzi mwazomwe zimawonedwa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa.

Zovuta za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus kukhalapo kwa zisonyezo zamtunduwu zikuwonetsa kupitilira kwa matendawa.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga omwe mumabayidwa ndi insulin?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kayendetsedwe ka insulini ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, chithandizo chokhacho ndichithandizo cha insulin. Zimaphatikizaponso njira zochizira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa chakudya m'mthupi, mapuloteni komanso metabolism yamafuta. Ndi iyo, mutha kukwaniritsa chikhululukiro chokhazikika (chilipiro) cha matenda osokoneza bongo, ndikuchotsa zovuta za matendawa. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala a insulin ndikukwaniritsa zofunika za glycemia, momwe wodwalayo angamve kukhala wokhutira. Kwa wodwala aliyense, mankhwala a insulin amasankhidwa payekha.

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, palibe kusowa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni kumayambiriro kwa matenda. Koma amakula pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe ka insulin kumachepa. Kuperewera kwathunthu kumatheka patadutsa zaka 7000 kutatha kwa matenda. Mankhwala obwera omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matenda ashuga m'mbuyomu, sangathe kulipirira kuchepa kwa mahomoni, chifukwa, amasintha kupita ku insulin. Ili ndi mphamvu yayitali komanso yopindulitsa pachuma.

Poyamba, mankhwala a insulini amadziwika kuti mapiritsi omwe mankhwalawa sayambitsa zotsatira zoyenera, kapena mapiritsi amatsutsana (zolakwika zamtima, kulephera kwa mtima).

Nthawi zina, insulini imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena pakachitika matenda oyambitsidwa (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutupa, opareshoni, mimba).

Zomwe zimayikidwa ndi shuga

Ndi shuga wodalira insulin, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa ndi kutalika kwa zotsatira zazikulu.

Tsopano insulin ya nyama sigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba, insulin yochokera kwa anthu idapangidwa m'njira yopangira.

Chromatography yamakono imapanga kaphatikizidwe ka insulin ndi kuyeretsa kwambiri. Insulin yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'maiko onse padziko lapansi.

Kupanga njira ya insulin yothandizira, insulin yochepa ndi yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amayamba kuchita pakatha mphindi 15-45, ndipo nthawi yawo imatha mpaka maola 4.

Ma insulin omwe amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali amayamba kuchita pambuyo pa maola 3-4, ndipo nthawi yochitikayo imatha kufika maola 10.

Mankhwala ochita kupanga mwachidule ndi monga:

• Actrapid NM
• Humulin R,
• Monoinsulin waku Czech Republic.

Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali akuphatikizapo:

Momwe mungapangire jakisoni

Insulin imatha kuperekedwa pansi pakhungu, intramuscularly komanso kudzera m'mitsempha. Intramuscularly komanso intravenous amapanga jakisoni kuchipatala pamene wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lalikulu (hyperglycemic coma, ketoacidosis, etc.).

Odwala amadzipangira okha jakisoni wokha. Pamaso jakisoni, muyenera kuyeza mulingo wa shuga ndi glucometer.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo ena:

• Insulin iyenera kusungidwa mufiriji. Asanalowe, jakisoni ayenera kutulutsidwadi ndi firiji pasadakhale kwa mphindi 30. Kuti mupeze jakisoni, chilichonse chimayenera kukonzekera: syringe ya insulin, ubweya wa thonje, mowa, insulini, thirayi yotaya. Insulin iyenera kukhala firiji. Musanatenge insulini kuchokera ku vial, muyenera kuyang'ana tsiku lotha ntchito. Ngati masiku 28 kapena kuposapo atadutsa kuchokera pakutsegulidwa kwa insulin vial, ndiye kuti insulin iyi ndi yoletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Pamaso jakisoni, sambani m'manja ndi sopo kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malowo a jekeseni ayenera kukhala osabala komanso owuma. Ngati ndi kotheka, sambani jakisoni ndi sopo ndi youma ndi thaulo loyera.
• Mutha kulowetsa insulin m'dera lachiwonetsero (masentimita 2-3 kuchokera ku navel kumanja ndi kumanzere), pamalo a ntchafu yotsatira, phewa ndi mkono.
• Malowo a jekeseni amayenera kusinthidwa: nkono-mwendo, nkono-dzanja, mwendo-mwendo.
• Asanayambitse insulin, simungathe kupukuta tsamba la jakisoni ndi Mowa (mowa), chifukwa imawononga mahomoni.
• Syringe iyenera kutembenuzidwa nthawi 2-4 kuti musakanikize mankhwala.
• Kubayira insulin nthawi iliyonse mukafuna kugwiritsa ntchito singano yatsopano ndi syringe yatsopano, ngati si cholembera.
• Insulin imayang'aniridwa pamtunda wa 45-60 °, mutatha kutenga khungu khola.
• Singano ya syringe iyenera kukhala pakhungu kwa masekondi 10, insulin imalowetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
• Pambuyo pa jekeseni, khungu silimapukutidwa ndi mowa chifukwa chakuti khola lomwe insulin imalowetsedwa limabweleranso momwe limakhalira.

Mukamachita insulin mankhwala motsatira mfundo ziwiri. Choyamba ndi kupatsa insulin yochepa kwambiri. Mfundo yachiwiri - kuphatikiza - kuphatikiza kwa insulin mwachidule komanso kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pamaso mankhwala a insulin, madokotala pawokha amasankha Mlingo wa insulin. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira zamafuta omwe amadya, omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwapeza, mutha kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera 1-2 za insulin kuti mupange bwino. Pa mkate umodzi, zigawo za insulin imodzi kapena 1,3 ndizofunikira. 1 unit ya insulin imachepetsa shuga wambiri ndi 1-2 mmol / L. Insulin imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15-20 asanadye.

Chiwembu chachikulu cha mankhwala a insulin ndi:

• m'mawa - insulin yochepa komanso yayitali,
• nkhomaliro - insulin yochepa,
• madzulo - insulini yochepa komanso yayitali.

Pakudya m'mawa ndi nkhomaliro, makonzedwe a 2/3 amatuluka, chakudya chamadzulo - chachitatu chotsalira.

Syringe wamba kapena cholembera

Syringe yofananira yoperekera insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu okalamba. Adazolowera kale njirayi ya kayendetsedwe ka makina ndipo samasinthana ndi zolembera.

Ma cholembera a syringe amaperekedwa ndi endocrinologists ku chipatala komwe amakhala.

Amawonetsedwa m'magulu a nzika:

• ana odwala matenda ashuga
• penshoni akuvutika ndi micro-, macroangiopathies,
• ankhondo
• ophunzira.

Cholembera sichikhala ndi:

• thupi ndi kapu
• singano kuti asinthidwe
• zida za dosing insulin,
• malo a cartridge.

Ma cholembera a syringe amatha kukhala ndi katoni woyatsa kapena wochotseredwa.

Zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito modzaza ndi insulin palokha. Mlingo wofanana wa akuluakulu ali ndi gawo limodzi la 1 unit, kwa ana - 0,5.

Ubwino wa cholembera pa syringe ndi:

• kudziwa molondola kwa mahomoni operekedwa,
• kuthekera kuperekera insulin kulikonse (mumsewu, kunyumba, sukulu, ku yunivesite),
• insulin imatha kuperekedwa kudzera mu zovala,
• makonzedwe achangu, opweteka komanso osapweteka,
• kumveka ndi kulondola koyambitsa,
• silikuvulaza khungu,
• kutsika kochepa kwa minofu chifukwa cha kakulidwe kakang'ono ka singano,
• Kusunga bwino komanso zoyendera.

• mtengo
• Kusankhidwa kovomerezeka kwama cartridge
• kuwonongeka pafupipafupi
• silingakonzeke.

Njira zothandizira matenda ashuga ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochizira kagayidwe kazakudya. Mankhwala a insulin akuchulukirachulukira monga chithandizo chokhazikika. Mlingo wa insulin ndi mtundu wake amasankhidwa ndi endocrinologist payekhapayekha. Wodwala amasankha njira yoyendetsera yekha. Matenda a shuga a insulin amathandizira kutalikitsa moyo wa wodwalayo komanso amathandizira kupititsa patsogolo kwamavuto ambiri - retinopathy, mtima ndi impso.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati magazi a shuga ali otsika kwambiri asanadye

Zitha kuchitika kuti mumapezeka kuti muli ndi shuga ochepa musanayambe kudya. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochulukitsa kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu 2, ndiye kuti mumadya zakudya zamatenda a glucose nthawi yomweyo, kenako ndikudya "zenizeni".

Chifukwa chakuti zakudya zamagulu ochepa zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Ngati simuletsa hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti izi zitha kudzetsa kudya kwambiri komanso kulumpha mu shuga m'maola ochepa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa.

Masheya a hypoglycemia ndi magome a glucose, zida zamwadzidzidzi, zomwe zili ndi shuga, komanso makamaka njira yothetsera shuga. Kugula zonsezi pamankhwala ndikosavuta, osati mtengo, ndipo kungapulumutse moyo wa wodwala matenda ashuga.

Sungani zothandizira za hypoglycemia nthawi yomweyo m'malo angapo oyenera kunyumba ndi kuntchito, ndipo lolani abale ndi abale kudziwa komwe asungidwa. Sungani mapiritsi a glucose m'moto wanu, chikwama chanu, chikwama chanu chaching'ono ndi chikwama chanu chonyamula m'manja.

Mukamayenda pa ndege, sungani zofunikira pazovala zanu mu katundu wanu, komanso zongobwereza zomwe muli nazo. Izi ndizofunikira ngati katundu aliyense atayika kapena kuba kwa inu.

Sinthani zida zodzidzimutsa ndi glucagon nthawi yake ikatha. Koma mukakhala mu vuto la hypoglycemia, mutha kupanga jakisoni, ngakhale itatha. Glucagon ndi ufa pang'ono. Popeza ndi youma, imakhalabe yogwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo pambuyo poti ithe.

Inde, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati sizinawonekere kutentha kwambiri, monga zimachitika mchilimwe mgalimoto yotsekedwa padzuwa. Ndikofunika kusunga zida zamwadzidzidzi ndi glucagon mufiriji pamtenthedwe wa madigiri 2-8 Celsius. Njira yokhazikika ya glucagon itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha maola 24.

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito china chake kuchokera m'matangadza anu, azibwezereni mwachangu. Sungani miyala yambiri ya glucose ndi mizere yama glucose mita. Nthawi yomweyo, mabakiteriya amakonda kwambiri shuga.

Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a glucose kwa miyezi 6-12, ndiye kuti atha kukumbidwa ndi mawanga akuda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabakiteriya akhazikitsa. Ndikwabwino kukhazikitsa mapiritsi oterowo mwatsopano.

Thandizo loyamba

Ngati matenda ashuga atheka, ndikofunikira kupatsa wodwala thandizo loyambirira mwadzidzidzi.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa
Pochiza matenda a shuga kunyumba, akatswiri akulangizani Dianulin. Ichi ndi chida chapadera:

• Amasinthasintha shuga
• Amayang'anira ntchito ya pancreatic
• Chotsani puffness, limayendetsa madzi kagayidwe
• Amawongolera masomphenya
• Zoyenera akulu ndi ana.
• Alibe zotsutsana

Opanga alandila ziphaso zonse zofunika ndi ziphaso za mbiri ku Russia komanso m'maiko oyandikana.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Gulani pa tsamba lovomerezeka

Dongosolo lothandizira pa nkhaniyi:

1. Patsani wodwala mankhwala omwe amachepetsa acidity m'mimba. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kapena kumwa kapu ya mchere.
2. Fotokozerani za insulin yofunika.
3. Apatseni shuga wodwala (piritsi), shuga kapena msuzi wa zipatso.

Ngati njira zomwe wodwala wayamba kuchita sizikuyenda bwino, ambulansi iyenera kuyitanidwa.

Moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga umadalira kuthamanga ndi kulondola kwa thandizo loyamba.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa abambo ndi chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa

Zakhala zikuwatsimikizira kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu munthawi ya matendawa, kutengera jenda, chifukwa kudwala matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi komwe kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, madotolo amawona kukula kwa zovuta zowopsa pambuyo pa matenda.

Kwenikweni, moyo wa wodwalayo umakhala wokonzera mkhalidwe wowopsa chotere. Amuna amatha kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, amakhala osuta fodya kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zimawononga thanzi la munthu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuvutikaku ndi matenda a endocrine, omwe amakupangika chifukwa cha kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusowa kwa kapamba ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Choopsa chachikulu mkati mwao ndi hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa ketoacidosis kapena chikomokere. Amuna nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti awonongeka kwambiri ndi ziwalo, ndipo izi zimakwiyitsa kukula kwazowonekera bwino kwamatenda.

Zoyambitsa matenda am'mutu

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu wodalira insulin, mutu umayamba kupweteka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (i.e. hypoglycemia). Mu shuga osadalira insulin, ululu nthawi zambiri umayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zonse za matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa mutu zili motere.

1. Matenda a shuga. Amayamba nthawi zambiri popanda kulipira. Chifukwa cha neuropathy, kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mitsempha kumachitika. Vutoli limayambitsa kupweteketsa mtima.
2. Hypoglycemia. Kuchepetsa shuga ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga mthupi, kusowa kwa mphamvu kumachitika. Kuchokera pamenepa, kupweteka kwamutu kosiyanasiyana kumayamba.
3. Hyperglycemia. Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri m'mitsempha yamagazi. Ululu wokhala ndi hyperglycemia ndi chizindikiro choyambirira chomwe chikusonyeza kuti munthu amafunika kuthandizidwa mwachangu, apo ayi akhoza kufa.
4. Mutu ngati chizindikiro cha glaucoma. Ndi matenda ashuga, kuthekera kwa kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwamatumbo kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa wodwala ndi glaucoma. Awa ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri pakuwona, chifukwa akuwopseza kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya optic.

Zojambula pamutu

Ndi kuchepa kwa shuga, mabala owuma pang'onopang'ono amawonedwa. Nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa ndi zizindikilo zotere:

• thukuta kwambiri
• kunjenjemera
• blanching
• kumva kusasangalala
• njala yayikulu.

Zosangalatsa mosangalatsa zimatha kuyamba 11 koloko m'mawa, ngati m'mbuyomu mudalibe chakudya cham'mawa chochepa. Amakhalanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, kulimbikira, komanso zochita za thiamine. Pa anthu odwala diabetes omwe amalandila insulini, chizindikiro ichi chimachitika madzulo kapena usiku.

Hyperglycemic mutu ndiwosiyana. Pamodzi ndi iye, odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala osawona komanso osawona, kutopa komanso kusowa chidwi. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri komanso kusowa kwazinthu ndizofunikira.

Nthawi zina odwala amatha kupweteka kwambiri pamutu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati akumenyedwa koopsa kumutu. Izi zikusonyeza kukula kwa pachimake cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi glaucoma ndizomanganso. Nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zosalephera.Chikhalidwe chake ndikuti samapereka machitidwe a opweteka. Imawonjezera ululu:

• mankhwala osokoneza bongo,
• kukhala m'chipinda chamdima
• kukweza zolemera
• kukhazikika kolakwika kwa madontho amaso.

Pa glaucoma, mutu umakonda kupweteka m'malo a fronto-ocular, parietal, tempo.

Mfundo zachikhalidwe zothandizira kupweteka kwa mutu

Kupweteka kwam'mutu sikungatheke popanda zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga. Kusinthana ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa kumathandizira kuti misempha isinthe. Monga lamulo, kale patsiku lachitatu la zoletsa zowonjezera zamafuta m'zakudya, shuga amachepetsa. Pamodzi ndi izi, zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga zimatha, ndipo mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga umachepa.

M'pofunika kusunga zakudya zamtengo wapatali ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni - nyama, nkhuku, nsomba, tchizi. Mafuta a nyama zomwe zimachokera ndi masamba ndi batala ndizochepa.

Zachidziwikire, kudzipereka nokha sikuloledwa. Ngati mukukumana ndi ululu uliwonse, mankhwala okhawo omwe dokotala amakupatsani ndi omwe ayenera kumwa. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira mosamala Mlingo wa insulin ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Kodi mungatani kuti muchepetse vuto la matenda ashuga

Choyamba, simukuyenera kusiya kudya zakudya zomwe dokotala wamupatsa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa zakudya zamagulu, ndipo maswiti ayenera kuyikidwa kwathunthu kuzakudya. Amayambitsa ziwopsezo.

Mu matenda a shuga a mellitus, mankhwala a sulfanilamide angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyankha kupweteka. Nthawi zambiri wodwala wotere amakhala ndi mpumulo wooneka. Komabe, ngati insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wodalira insulin, iyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake mutha kupewa kuwoneka ngati ululu wamunthu wopanikizika.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyenda mu mpweya wabwino, kusintha mawonekedwe a kupumula. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amangofunika mavitamini monga C, B1, B6, B15 ndi ena. Simuyenera konse kupanga zolakwika pa thanzi lanu. Ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono. Thupi liyenera kulandira mphamvu nthawi zonse.

Ngati mukumva kupweteka kwa mutu, ndikofunikira kuti musachite mantha. Chifukwa cha mantha, mkhalidwe wa munthu umakulanso. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kupuma, kupuma mpweya wabwino. Nthawi zina zimathandiza ndipo ululu umachoka.

Kukhala wodekha komanso malangizo onse a dokotala kumathandizira kupewa kupweteka mutu komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta.

Jakisoni wodwala matenda a shuga

Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu ayenera kubaya insulin. Kupanda kutero, kukhala ndi shuga yambiri kumabweretsa zovuta zingapo zowopsa. Pamodzi ndi jakisoni, yesani kukwaniritsa zosachepera shuga, ndiye kuti kukulitsa nthawi ya tchuthi. Kumbukirani kuti insulin yochepa, yochepa, yapakati, komanso yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.

• Mlingo wotchulidwa,
• insulin jakisoni nthawi
• pafupipafupi jakisoni.

Ndipo zowonadi, mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wamunthu ndiwosatheka popanda kudya.

Mukamachita insulin mankhwala motsatira mfundo ziwiri. Choyamba ndi kupatsa insulin yochepa kwambiri. Mfundo yachiwiri - kuphatikiza - kuphatikiza kwa insulin mwachidule komanso kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pamaso mankhwala a insulin, madokotala pawokha amasankha Mlingo wa insulin. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira zamafuta omwe amadya, omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwapeza, mutha kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera 1-2 za insulin kuti mupange bwino. Pa mkate umodzi, zigawo za insulin imodzi kapena 1,3 ndizofunikira. 1 unit ya insulin imachepetsa shuga wambiri ndi 1-2 mmol / L. Insulin imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15-20 asanadye.

Chiwembu chachikulu cha mankhwala a insulin ndi:

• m'mawa - insulin yochepa komanso yayitali,
• nkhomaliro - insulin yochepa,
• madzulo - insulini yochepa komanso yayitali.

Pakudya m'mawa ndi nkhomaliro, makonzedwe a 2/3 amatuluka, chakudya chamadzulo - chachitatu chotsalira.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndi njira yomwe kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika. Kuti izi zitheke, mitayo izikhala pansi pa 4 mmol / L.

• owonjezera jakisoni
• kusowa kwa chakudya ndikuphwanya zakudya (kudumpha),
• kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya,
• zolimbitsa thupi,
• kumwa mowa
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuwonetsa kwa hypoglycemia pazochitika zoyambira za matenda. Koma, podziwa zizindikirochi, munthu amathanso kuzindikira kuti zinthu zoopsa zikuchitika.

• kusintha kwadzidzidzi,
• kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire,
• kufooka kwa thupi,
• kumva kwamphamvu njala
• kutayika kwa malo mu malo,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Hypoglycemia ndi yoopsa chifukwa imatha kupangitsa zinthu izi:

Kodi tchuthi chanji?

Munthu akapezeka ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ndiye kuti, ngati lamulo, amakhala ndi shuga wambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakhala ndi chizolowezi cha matenda ashuga, monga kuchepa thupi, ludzu, komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Amadutsa ngati wodwala wayamba kubaya insulin. Kufunika kwake mankhwala atangoyamba kumene kumatsika kwambiri.

Werengani komanso Kugwiritsa ntchito glycine mu shuga

Mukasiya kubaya insulin, ndiye kuti shuga ya wodwalayo imakhalabe yokhazikika komanso yopanda malire. Lingaliro labodza ndilakuti kuchiritsa kuchokera ku matenda oopsa kwabwera. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa tchuthi.

Ngati wodwalayo amadya zakudya zoyenera (ndipo zili ndi chakudya chambiri), ndiye kuti matendawa amatha kumapeto kwa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, makamaka, mchaka chimodzi. Kenako kudumpha kwa shuga kumayambira - kuchokera kutsika kwambiri mpaka kukwera kwambiri.

Ngati mungatsatire zakudya zochepa zamafuta ndipo nthawi yomweyo jakisoni wachepetsa, ndiye kuti nthawi yokondwerera holide itha kukulitsidwa. Nthawi zina amatha kupulumutsidwa moyo. Zimakhala zowopsa ngati wodwalayo adasiya kubayitsa insulini ndikupanga zolakwika m'zakudya. Chifukwa chake amawulula zikondamoyo zambiri. Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse komanso molondola kuyeza shuga ndi jekeseni wa insulin kuti kapamba apumule. Izi zikuyenera kuchitidwa kwa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga.

Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis imakhudza kuphwanya njira zonse za metabolic, zomwe ndi:

• chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya
• mafuta kagayidwe
• mapuloteni kagayidwe
• zosokoneza mu kapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi,
• kulephera kwa asidi-oyambira bwino.

Mavuto otere padziko lonse lapansi amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwambiri kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi ndi mkodzo wa munthu kumawonjezeka kwambiri.

Ketoacidosis amadziwika ndi zizindikiro:

• kamwa yowuma ndi ludzu
• kukodza kwambiri
• kufooka kwa thupi,
• kupweteka mutu kwambiri
• nseru
• kusanza
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kulephera kupuma
• kusowa kwamadzi
• imanunkhiza acetone kuchokera kwa munthu (nthawi zambiri mpweya woipa umapezeka).

Zowukira ndi chisamaliro chadzidzidzi cha matenda ashuga

Nthenda yoopsa yotchedwa matenda ashuga yafika anthu padziko lonse lapansi ngati mliri. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda opatsirana. Matenda osachiritsika amawopseza kwambiri pakukula kwa endocrine. Omwe amadwala matenda a shuga amafotokozedwa kuti ndivuto lalikulu. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose; mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe m'thupi la munthu imasokonezeka.

Zothandiza

Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhala zovuta kapena zopweteka. Kwambiri kwamoyo komanso kowopsa kwa wodwalayo ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafunikira thandizo la akatswiri.

Mavuto azadzidzidzi a matenda ashuga akuwonetsa mitundu iyi yamatenda:

• achina,
• ketoacidosis
• hyperglycemia
• kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo,
• kwa ndani.

Kupezeka kwaphwanyidwa kumathandizidwa ndi zinthu monga:

• zakudya zosakhazikika
• zolimbitsa thupi
• mankhwala osalamulirika
• matenda a kapamba,
• shuga wamagazi ochepa.

Matenda a shuga: Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zoyenera kuchita

Matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa metabolic mthupi. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa chosowa kapangidwe kanu ka insulin ndi kapamba. Zizindikiro zoyambirira komanso zotsatirapo zake ndi ludzu, kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse, kulakalaka kwambiri, kufooka, chizungulire, ndi kutopa. Matendawa amakhala pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchitika kwa matenda ashuga - uku ndikovuta kwambiri kwa matendawa. Zimachitika chifukwa chosowa insulini, yomwe imabweretsa kulumpha kwa glucose m'magazi, chifukwa cha zomwe metabolic metabol amasokoneza.

• 1 Mawonekedwe a matendawa
• 2 Thandizo Loyamba
• 3 Kupewa

Mavuto wamba

Kuukira kwa matenda ashuga kumayendera limodzi ndi kukula kwa matenda ena. Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri mwa amuna ndi zilonda zamapazi. Chifukwa chakusokonekera ndi kutseka kwamitsempha yamagazi, magazi omwe amapezeka kumapeto amasiya.

Izi zimabweretsa kumayambiriro kwa malo omwe ali otentha ndi kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakapita kanthawi, dera lowumbiralo silichiritsa, koma likupitilira kukula. Pali malo a necrotic omwe amatsogolera ku gangore.

Mavuto a shuga angayambitse kukula kwa angiopathy, chifukwa mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi imasweka, mapepala amawoneka omwe amasokoneza kayendedwe kazachilendo kayendedwe ka magazi. Vutoli limakulirakulira chifukwa chosalandira chithandizo mosayenera kapena pambuyo pake pofunafuna thandizo.

Ngati matenda a shuga ayamba, kuukira kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zamkati. Diso lamaso lilinso pamndandanda wazovuta ngati izi. Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa ziwiya, wodwalayo amatulutsa khungu kapena myopia. Kuthana ndi zoterezi nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kosatheka.

Type 2 shuga mellitus: zoyambitsa, Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Pambuyo pathandizidwa koyamba, ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa madotolo kuti azifufuza wodwalayo, kupewa zovuta kapena chithandizo. Akalowetsedwa kuchipatala, wodwalayo amapaka jekeseni wamagazi mkati. Chotsatira, kulandira chithandizo choyenera kumayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a zakudya zapadera ndi mapiritsi okhala ndi shuga.

Ngati mukukumana ndi zilizonse za zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zomwe taziwonetsa pamwambapa - makamaka njala yayikulu - nthawi yomweyo muyeze magazi anu ndi glucometer. Ngati ndi 0,6 mmol / L pansi pazomwe mukufuna kapena kutsika, ndiye kuchitapo kanthu kuti muimitse hypoglycemia.

Idyani chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo, makamaka mapiritsi a shuga, kuti mukweze shuga yanu mpaka mulingo womwe mukufuna. Ngati palibe chizindikiro, koma mwayeza shuga m'magazi ndikuwona kuti ndi otsika, chinthu chomwecho ndikofunika kudya mapiritsi a glucose mu mlingo wowerengeka.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mulibe glucometer nanu? Ili ndi tchimo lalikulu kwa odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti musataye mwayi ndikudya shuga wina kuti akweze shuga wanu ndi 2.4 mmol / L. Izi zidzakutetezani ku hypoglycemia, yomwe ili ndi zovuta zosasintha.

Momwe mita ingakulowereni - yeretsani shuga. Imatha kukwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa. Mubwezereni ku zoyenera ndipo osachimwanso, ndiye kuti, sungani mita nthawi zonse nanu.

Chovuta kwambiri ndikuti ngati shuga lanu lamwazi latsika chifukwa cha kupaka jakisoni wambiri kapena kumwa mankhwala oopsa a mapiritsi a shuga. Zikakhala zotere, shuga amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito atamwa mapiritsi a shuga.

Chifukwa chake, onaninso shuga wanu ndi glucometer Mphindi 45 mutatha kutenga mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Onetsetsani kuti chilichonse ndichabwino. Ngati shuga alinso wotsika, imwani mapiritsi ena, kenako mubwerezenso pambuyo pamphindi 45 zilizonse. Ndipo zina zotero, mpaka zonse zitabweranso mwakale.

Pachikhalidwe, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kusiya hypoglycemia amadya ufa, zipatso ndi maswiti, amamwa misuzi ya zipatso kapena koloko yabwino. Njira yakuchiritsirayi sikuyenda bwino pazifukwa ziwiri. Mbali imodzi, imagwira pang'onopang'ono kuposa zofunika.

Chifukwa zakudya zopezeka m'zakudya, thupi limafunikabe kugaya usanayambe kukweza shuga m'magazi. Komabe, "chithandizo" choterechi chimachulukitsa shuga wamagazi kwambiri, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndipo mwamantha, wodwala matenda ashuga amadya kwambiri.

Hypoglycemia imatha kuwononga kwambiri matenda ashuga. Kugunda kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena wolumala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosasinthika, ndipo sizivuta kudziwa kuti izi ndi ziti zomwe zaposa izi.

Chifukwa chake, timayesetsa kukweza shuga m'magazi kuti akhale abwinobwino msanga. Zakudya zomanga thupi, fructose, mkaka wa mkaka, lactose - onsewa amayenera kupita munjira yogaya thupi mthupi asanayambe kukweza shuga.

Gwiritsani ntchito mapiritsi a glucose popewa ndi kusiya hypoglycemia. Gulani iwo ku mankhwala, osakhala aulesi! Zipatso, timadziti, maswiti, ufa - osafunika. Idyani shuga wambiri monga mungafunikire. Musalole shuga kuti "ayimbe" mutatha kuthana ndi hypoglycemia.

Zinthu zomwe talemba pamwambazi zimakhala ndi mafuta osakanikirana othamanga komanso osakwiya, omwe amachitika pang'onopang'ono, kenako amawonjezera shuga m'magazi mosayembekezereka. Nthawi zonse zimatha ndi chakuti atayimitsa kuukira kwa hypoglycemia, shuga mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga "amapitilira".

Madokotala osazindikira amakhulupirirabe kuti pambuyo pa gawo la hypoglycemia sikungapewe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Amawona kuti ndizabwinobwino ngati pambuyo maola ochepa shuga m'magazi odwala matenda a shuga ndi 15-16 mmol / L.

Mawonekedwe a matendawa

Zowopsa za matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi akazi zimawonetseredwa chimodzimodzi ndipo ndizovuta zamwadzidzidzi. Amaphatikizapo: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, matenda ashuga ketoacidosis, matenda a shuga.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zimafunika chisamaliro chamankhwala.

Koma zadzidzidzi zisanachitike odwala matenda ashuga, zizindikilo zina zimawonekera.

Hypoglycemia imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwakukuru kwa glucose pazowoneka bwino zamagazi. Izi zimatsogozedwa ndikuwonetsedwa kwapadera, malinga ndi momwe matenda a shuga angayikiridwire. Zizindikiro zotere zimachitika nthawi zambiri popanda chifukwa, ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Kumva lakuthwa.
• Thunder ndi kunjenjemera kwa thupi, kuwonetsedwa nthawi iliyonse masana. Makamaka mawonekedwe a miyendo.
• Kusokoneza kwa mawu, kusoweka koyang'ana malo.
• Minofu kukokana komwe kumatha kulowa.
• Tachycardia mwadzidzidzi, chizungulire, kufooka kwa khungu.

Nthawi zina, pali kuphwanya kwa chikumbumtima, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa glucose mpaka 2.8 mmol / l ndikutsika. Nthawi zina munthu amatha kukomoka popanda zizindikiro zam'mbuyomu - uku ndi kupukusa kwa vuto la hypoglycemic. Ikhozanso kuyamba ngati thandizo siliperekedwa munthawi yake.

Hyperglycemia ndi vuto lina, ndiye kuti, limafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Muzochita zachipatala, izi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimachokera ku 10 mmol / l. Amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Pakamwa pakamwa pouma. Chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka mwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi vutoli.
• Kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwamkodzo.
• Masomphenya opanda pake.
• Fungo lamphamvu la acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
• Kupweteka kwa paroxysmal mu peritoneum.
• Kusanza, kusanza.

Ndi hyperglycemia, chizindikiro choyamba ndi pakamwa pouma

Kuukira kwa matenda ashuga ndi zizindikiro ndizogwirizana komanso ndizofunikira.Ngati simupereka chithandizo choyamba cha hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis imatha kuchitika. Mwanjira imeneyi, Zizindikiro zidzachuluka: wodwalayo amamva kupweteka kwambiri m'mutu, kusanza kosalekeza, komwe kumapangitsa kuti madzi atheretu.

Matenda a Ketoacidosis komanso matenda ashuga ndiwovuta kwambiri matenda ashuga omwe amafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu. Ketoacidosis - kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulinase chifukwa cha kufa kwa maselo a pancreatic beta. Zimachitika makamaka ndi mtundu 1. Coma imapezeka makamaka mumtundu 2 ndipo imatsimikiziridwa ndi shuga wambiri.

Matenda a shuga monga zovuta

Kukhazikika kwa minofu ya miyendo kumachitika usiku. Pa mtima wa kukomoka matenda a shuga ndi kusokonezeka kwa kugwira ntchito kwa chingwe cha msana.

Wodwalayo akumva kufooka, kupweteka, kupweteka. Mu magawo oyamba a matendawa, kukokana kumakhala kanthawi kochepa, kuyamba pamisempha ya ng'ombe.

Khunyu likuwonetsa kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi. Wodwalayo akumva kupindika, kuthinana ndi minofu, kusandulika kukokana. Acidosis phenomena imathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa minofu.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, thupi limalephera kukhala ndi shuga wokwanira m'magazi. Kusintha kwa madzi am'magazi kumapangitsa kuchepa kwamadzi ndi maselo, chikomokere chimayamba, ndi zosokoneza pakusinthana kwamagetsi.

Shuga amathandizidwa mkodzo, mulingo wa acetone ndi ma ketone m'magazi umakwera. Odwala amamva ludzu lochulukirapo, kamwa yowuma, polyuria. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi khungu loyipa, chilala chimachepa kapena kutha.

Pa chitukuko chakumaso, zizindikiro monga:

• mutu
• ntchito yamagalimoto
• kuphipha kwa minofu mu miyendo.

Wodwalayo amasokonezeka mu ntchito zam'mimba ndi matumbo, kusanza, ulesi, komanso kukana kumwa madzi. Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kumayamba.

Mapiritsi a glucose

Glucose ndiye chinthu chomwe chimazungulira m'magazi chomwe timachitcha "shuga wamagazi". Glucose wa chakudya amatengedwa kulowa m'magazi ndikuyamba kuchitapo kanthu. Thupi silifunikira kuligaya; silimagwira chiwindi chilichonse.

Ngati mukutafuna piritsi la glucose mkamwa mwanu ndikumwa madzi, ndiye kuti ambiri amadzalowetsa m'magazi kuchokera pakamwa panu kamkamwa, ngakhale kumeza sikofunikira. Zina zimalowa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo ndipo zimayamwa nthawi yomweyo.

Kuphatikiza kuthamanga, mwayi wachiwiri wama mapiritsi a glucose ndikudziwikiratu. Pakati pa hypoglycemia wodwala wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 wolemera makilogalamu 64, gramu imodzi ya glucose imakweza shuga ndi magazi pafupifupi 0.28 mmol / L.

Panthawi imeneyi, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, amapanga insulini kapangidwe kake, pomwe wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 samapezeka konse. Ngati shuga m'magazi siwotsika kuposa masiku onse, ndiye kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 sangachititse shuga, chifukwa kapamba "amamaliza" ndi insulin yake.

Munthu akayamba kulemera, mphamvu ya glucose imachepa, ndipo amachepetsa thupi, nalonso lamphamvu. Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa gramu imodzi ya glucose yomwe ingakulitse shuga m'magazi anu kulemera kwanu, muyenera kupanga gawo.

Chifukwa chake, poletsa hypoglycemia, mapiritsi a shuga ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Amagulitsidwa muma pharmacies ambiri ndipo ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri. Komanso, m'misika yamagolosale komwe amakhala, mapiritsi a ascorbic acid (vitamini C) okhala ndi shuga amagulitsidwa nthawi zambiri.

Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito motsutsana ndi hypoglycemia. Mlingo wa vitamini C mwa iwo nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsika kwambiri. Ngati ndinu aulesi kuti musunge mapiritsi a shuga - tengani magawo a shuga abwino. Zambiri 2-3 zokha, osati zochulukirapo.

Ngati mwakhudza mapiritsi a shuga, sambani m'manja musanayeze shuga ndi magazi. Ngati kulibe madzi, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yonyowa. Monga chomaliza, nyambita chala chomwe mukufuna kubaya, kenako ndikupukuta ndi nsalu yoyera kapena mpango.

Funso lofunika kwambiri ndilakuti ndiyenera kudya mapiritsi angati a shuga? Ikulume zokwanira kukweza shuga m'magazi anuwo, koma osatinso. Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chothandiza. Tinene kuti mumalemera 80 kg. Pamwambapa, tidawerengera kuti gramu imodzi ya glucose iwonjezera shuga m'magazi anu ndi 0.22 mmol / L.

Tsopano muli ndi shuga wamagazi a 3.3 mmol / L, ndipo mulingo woyenera ndi 4.6 mmol / L, i.e. muyenera kuwonjezera shuga ndi 4.6 mmol / L - 3.3 mmol / L = 1.3 mmol / l. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 1.3 mmol / L / 0.22 mmol / L = 6 magalamu a shuga.

Pafupifupi 90% ya anthu onse odwala matenda ashuga amitundu yachiwiri. Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, omwe amadziwika kuti atha kupanganso insulin, mu mtundu 2 wa shuga, timadzi ta pancreatic timatulutsa, koma timagwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndi thupi.

Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi zimatulutsa insulin. Imatembenuza glucose yochokera ku chakudya kukhala mphamvu, yomwe imadyetsa maselo ndi minyewa. Komabe, mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga, maselo sagwiritsa ntchito insulin momwe amayenera kukhalira. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.

Zikondwererozo zimayamba kupanga insulini yambiri yopereka shuga m'maselo. Koma kuchuluka kwa mahomoni obisika kumatha maselo a kapamba, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo hyperglycemia imayamba - chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga mellitus, momwe glucose omwe amapezeka mu seramu yamagazi amapitilira muyeso wa 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l.

Matenda a nthawi yayitali a hyperglycemia - matenda a mtima, stroke, matenda ashuga, khungu, kulephera kwaimpso, kusokonezeka kwa magazi ndi miyendo.

Kuzindikira kwa dotolo

Kuti afotokozere za matendawa, dokotala yemwe adalumikizana ndi chithandizo amachitanso zina. Kuti muzindikire vutoli, kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi shuga.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka, ndizotheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga, komanso mtundu wake.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa magazi kumapangitsa kuti athe kuzindikira mtundu wa matenda omwe amachititsa odwala matenda ashuga.

Maphunziro owonjezera angapo azachipatala amaperekedwanso kwa wodwala:

• kuyezetsa magazi konse
• urinalysis
• kuyesa kwa ultrasound kwa chithokomiro ndi kapamba.

Momwe mungapewere

Pofuna kupewa mwachindunji kuukira kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, wodwala amafunika kutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa, zowerengera tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndi matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zakudya zanu.

Popeza hyper- ndi hypoglycemia ndizovuta kwambiri, ziyenera kupewa pakapita nthawi. Pofuna kupewa hypoglycemia, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zakudya zanu. Zakudya zovomerezeka osachepera 5 pa tsiku, maola anayi aliwonse. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kukhala zopatsa malire. Odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amalangizidwa kuti alembe tsiku lenileni ndi nthawi ya zovuta zam'mbuyomu ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mapiritsi a glucose omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri ku hypoglycemia.

Popewa hyperglycemia, ndikofunikanso kuwunika zakudya.

Mafuta oyera komanso zopopera zamagetsi zosafunikira sayenera kuphatikizidwa, chifukwa cha zovuta za carbo, kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kukhala kochepa. Zakudya ziyenera kuphatikizapo madzi ambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zama protein. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa shuga. Musanagwiritse ntchito insulin, muyenera kupanga shuga zingapo zosachepera ziwiri. Ndikosavuta kuneneratu za kuukira ndikuzilepheretsa kuposa kuthana nawo.

Momwe mungapangire insulin mopweteka

Odwala ambiri amadandaula kuti jakisoni wa insulin adzapweteka. Amawopa kubaya moyenera mahomoni ofunikirawo, podziyika pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ngakhale atapanda jakisoni wa insulin, amakhala mwamantha nthawi zonse kuti tsiku lina adzabaya jakisoni ndikumapweteka Komabe, izi siziri chifukwa cha insulini, koma chifukwa chakuti zimachitika molakwika. Pali njira yothandizira ma jakisoni osapweteka, ngati achita molondola.

Odwala onse ayenera kuyamba kubayirira insulin, makamaka mtundu wosadalira insulini. Ndi chimfine, njira yotupa, mulingo wa shuga umakwera, ndipo simungathe kuchita popanda jakisoni. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse katundu pama cell a beta. Ndipo ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, jakisoni wotere ayenera kuchitidwa kangapo patsiku.

Insulin imalowetsedwa m'mimba. Dokotalayo amawonetsa odwala ake njira ya jakisoni wotere. Magawo ena amthupi omwe muyenera kukabaya ndi:

• m'mimba, m'munsi mozungulira msomali - ngati pakufunikira kunyamula mwachangu kwambiri,
• ntchafu yakunja - kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono,
• dera gluteal dera - kufupikitsa,
• panja paphewa ndikuthiridwa mwachangu.

Madera onsewa ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa minofu ya adipose. Khungu pa iwo ndilothandiza kwambiri kupukutira ndi chala chamanthu. Ngati tagwira minofu, timalandira jakisoni wa mu mnofu. Zimabweretsa ululu waukulu. Pankhaniyi, insulini idzachitapo kanthu mwachangu, zomwe sizofunikira nthawi zina. Zomwezi zimachitikanso ngati mupereka jakisoni m'manja ndi mwendo.

Werengani nawonso Momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda a shuga

Kuti mupeze bwino, tengani khungu pakhungu. Ngati khungu limakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, ndiye kuti ndi zolondola kumadulamo mwachindunji. Syringe iyenera kugwiridwa ndi chala, ndi awiri kapena atatu. Chachikulu ndikuti muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire mwachangu, ngati kuti mumataya dart.

Kukhala kosavuta kwa inu kuti mupeze jakisoni watsopano yemwe ali ndi singano yochepa. Pakadutsa nthawi yomwe singano idagwa pansi pa khungu, kanikizani pisitoni kuti ipangitse madzi. Osachotsa singano nthawi yomweyo - ndibwino kudikirira pang'ono, ndikuchichotsa mwachangu.

Palibenso chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito ma insulin. Poterepa, chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuphatikizidwa kwa insulin. Insulin yolinganizidwa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa sachepetsa shuga. Mu syringe imodzi, sikofunikanso kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa: iwo, kwenikweni, amakhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Zosankha zamankhwala

Njira zochizira matenda ashuga zimatengera mtundu wake. Ngati wodwala wapezeka ndi ketoacidosis, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa akhale motere:

• kuperekanso madzi m'thupi (njira yobwezeretsanso madzi m'thupi kudzera pakubwezeretsa mchere)
• makonzedwe a insulin kuti muchepetse mawonetseredwe a hyperglycemia,
• kuyambitsa mu thupi njira ya potaziyamu mankhwala enaake kuti potaziyamu bwino.

Pankhani ya hypoglycemia, zochizira zochizira zimaphatikizapo:

• kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya shuga yowonjezera shuga m'magazi,
• ngati hypoglycemia yakula motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala osayenera, ndiye siyani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Chithandizo cha hyperglycemia imakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

Mu pulogalamu "Aloleni alankhule" amakambirana za matenda ashuga
Chifukwa chiyani mafakitala amapereka mankhwala achikale komanso owopsa, pomwe kubisala kwa anthu chowonadi chokhudza mankhwala atsopano ...

• makonzedwe a insulini kuti muchepetse magazi
• matenda a acid-base olimba mthupi,
• kutsatira njira zodzitetezera.

Momwe mungapewere mobwerezabwereza

Kupezeka kwa kuukira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa mkwiyo.

Chifukwa chake, njira yayikulu yopulumutsira kuukira kwachiwiri ndikutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala:

• Muzisamala zakudya zoyenera. Payenera kukhala zakudya zitatu zilizonse.
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kukhala zokwanira. Ndikofunikira kupewa zonse zopanda ntchito komanso katundu wambiri m'thupi.
• Nthawi zonse imwani mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ya magazi.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kusuta fodya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mukamatsatira malamulo osavuta awa, ndiye kuti kuchitika kwachiwiri sikuchitika.

Chifukwa chiyani insulin iyenera kuperekedwa?

Zilonda zam'mimbazi zimalola kuti ma cell a pancreatic beta ayambirenso. Ngati chithandizo cha matendawa ndi insulin chikuyambika m'nthawi yake, mavuto amabwera pambuyo pake. Koma izi zimatheka pokhapokha ngati wodwala ali pachakudya chapadera ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri.

Odwala ambiri amawopa kuti ayamba kulandira chithandizo ndi insulin, chifukwa pambuyo pake ndizosatheka popanda icho. Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kupaka jakisoniyo m'malo moika pachiwopsezo ndikuwonetsa thupi lanu zovuta zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zazikulu.

Pali ma cell a beta mu kapamba omwe amapanga insulin. Mukawapereka katundu wolemera, ayamba kufa. Amawonongekanso ndi shuga wambiri.

Mu gawo loyamba la matenda a shuga, ena mwa ma cell sagwiranso ntchito, ena amafooka, ndipo gawo lina limagwira bwino ntchito. Jakisoni wa insulin amangothandizira kumasula ma cell a beta. Chifukwa chake ma jakisoni a insulin ndi ofunika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse wa shuga.

Kuukira kwa matenda ashuga: Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amakhudza munthu m'modzi pa anthu asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi. Kusokonezeka kwa kapamba, kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya kosasamala kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda.

Ndi matenda a shuga, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia achulukitsidwa. Izi ndi zoopsa ku thanzi la munthu, chifukwa ngati ziyimitsidwa pakapita nthawi, amatha kukhala ndi chikomokere cha matenda ashuga kapena matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Ndiosavuta kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo. Amayi ndi abambo ali ndi zizindikiro zawo. Pakakhala vuto, wodwalayo amakhala ndi chikumbumtima chosokonekera ndipo chimalira mtima chimasokonekera.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Pakakhala vuto la matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndikuchepetsa shuga. Ndi hypoglycemia, wodwalayo amamva:

• kufooka koopsa
• kulakalaka
• kugunda kwa mtima
• manja ndi miyendo akunjenjemera
• pallor akuwonekera
• thukuta kwambiri
• kugawanika m'maso
• dzanzi la milomo ndi lilime.

Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zitha kuchotsedwa pakumwa tiyi wokoma kwambiri wokhala ndi buledi woyera. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mwachangu, popeza zokhazokha sizingayende bwino. Wodwala akamva kupumula, ayenera kupita kuchipatala.

Mukanyalanyaza zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka, hypoglycemic coma can. Amadziwika ndi kusazindikira, kukhumudwa komanso kugwa kwamphamvu kwa shuga. Zikatero, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo.

Hyperglycemia

Mawonekedwe owopsa a matenda a shuga mellitus, omwe amadziwika ndi:

• ludzu lalikulu
• kufooka
• kamwa yowuma.

Wodwalayo amakhala ndi ludzu losasinthika, ngakhale kuchuluka kwamadzi akumwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kukodza kumakulanso.

Njira zadzidzidzi kunyumba zimaphatikizira kuyambitsa insulin.

Kuti muchepetse shuga, muyenera kuwonjezera magawo anayi. Ngati vutoli likukula kwambiri, ndiye kuti 6-8.

Ngati chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi chatha, vuto la matenda ashuga limatha. Zizindikiro zamayiko abwino:

• kufooka koopsa
• kugona kwambiri
• kukodza kwambiri,
• chikumbumtima chamaso, zamkhutu,
• nseru, mwina kusanza,
• ludzu lochulukirapo.

Chizindikiro chimodzi ndi mawonekedwe a fungo la acetone. Chimawoneka ngati fungo lamapulogalamu owira. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyitanitsa ambulansi nthawi yomweyo.

Kulephera kwina

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse, matenda a shuga a nephropathy amatha - kuwonongeka kwa impso. Zotsatira zake, kulephera kwa impso kumayamba, komwe kumakhudza ziwalo zonse zamkati, zomwe zimayambitsa masinthidwe ake.

Matenda a impso poyambira sakhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu, kupatula kukodza pafupipafupi. Matenda a shuga nthawi zina amayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso.Izi ndichifukwa chakumasulidwa kwamafuta achilengedwe chifukwa chosowa insulin, yomwe imayambitsa kuwoneka kwa matupi a ketone. Kukula kwina kwa mkhalidwewu kungayambitse kulephera kwa impso.

Ziyenera kuda nkhawa ngati wodwalayo akumva:

• kuchuluka mseru
• kupuma movutikira
• kufalikira kwa zifukwa.

Matendawa akuwonetsa kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Zotsatira za kukoka

Hypoglycemia imatha kubweretsa imfa kapena kulumala. Izi ndichifukwa choti dziko lokhala ndi mutu kapena precomatose limabweretsa kusintha mu ubongo. Pangozi ndi anthu okalamba omwe akhala akudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kukhala mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa magazi ndikuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima. Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, pakusintha pang'ono, akaonane ndi dokotala.

Kulephera kwa khansa m'matenda a shuga ndi kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kumatha kubweretsa kulephera kwa impso komanso kufunikira kwa kupatsirana. Ndipo ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimatenga zaka kuti udikire. Ngati kulephera kwa impso kudutsa kale kudwala, ndiye kuti moyo umangokhala ndi hemodialysis.

Kupewa

Kupewa matendawa, makamaka kugwidwa ndi zotsatira zoyipa, ndikosavuta kuposa kuchiza. Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, womwe umatchedwa kuti amadalira insulin, mulingo woyenera wa insulin uyenera kubwera choyamba popewa. Kupatuka kulikonse komwe mungapatsidwe kumayikidwa pangozi yochita kukhala hypoglycemic kapena hyperglycemic coma.

Chotsatira ndi zakudya. Ambiri sangakane kwathunthu maswiti ndi nyama yokazinga. Komabe, ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti katundu pa zikondwererozi azikula. Ndani adanena kuti chakudyacho chimakhala ndi oatmeal? Inde, zakudya siziphatikiza zinthu zambiri zomwe anthu athanzi angathe kugula, komabe zakudya sizikhala ndi chimanga ndi madzi okha. Kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala kosangalatsa ngati mungapeze njira ina pazomwe mumakonda.

Mu malo achitatu ndikowunikira kosalekeza magazi. Iyenera kuyezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pachakudya chamadzulo komanso madzulo. Ngati wodwalayo akuwona kusinthika kowonekera pakati pa zizowoneka, ndiye ichi ndi chifukwa chopita kuchipatala.

Pofuna kukhala ndi impso zoyenera zomwe zimatha kusintha matenda ashuga, kumalimbikitsanso zakudya zapadera. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndikuletsedwa kwa mapuloteni ndi mchere. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zamafuta othamanga zimayenera kupewedwa. Ndi matenda ashuga, kukana kwathunthu zizolowezi zoyipa ndikofunikira. Dokotala yemwe akupezekapo akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala omwe angalandire - ma nephroprotectors. Amasunga impso pamlingo woyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti kagayidwe kachilungamo, ndipo sikuwonjezera shuga.

Kukhala ndi thanzi ndi matenda ashuga ndikofunikira kwa wodwala aliyense. Mkhalidwe wa moyo wabwinobwino m'matenda akulu awa ndikuwonetsetsa mosamalitsa omwe amamwa mankhwala.

Gulu ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga

Kuukira matenda ashuga kungachulukitse komanso kusatha. Amakhala ndikuwopseza kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zake komanso zotsatira zake. Zotsatira za kudwala matenda ashuga zitha kukhala kulanda matenda a khunyu. Kuchulukitsa kwa matenda ashuga kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kwa wodwala ndipo kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala choyenerera. Popanda chithandizo chanthawi yake, wodwala matenda ashuga ndiimfa zimatha kuchitika. Khunyu imagawidwa m'mitundu iyi:

• hyperglycemia
• achina,
• matenda ashuga ketoacidosis.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma pathologies apangidwe akhale:

• cholakwika cha kapamba,
• kuphwanya malangizowo pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala,
• Zakudya zopanda chizolowezi,
• kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri
• shuga wotsika kapena wapamwamba.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Mankhwala othandizira

Pambuyo pathandizidwa koyamba, ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa madotolo kuti azifufuza wodwalayo, kupewa zovuta kapena chithandizo. Akalowetsedwa kuchipatala, wodwalayo amapaka jekeseni wamagazi mkati. Chotsatira, kulandira chithandizo choyenera kumayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a zakudya zapadera ndi mapiritsi okhala ndi shuga. Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga kuti asadzachitenso zinthu.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Njira zopewera

Njira zothandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda ashuga ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikutsatira chakudya choyenera mtundu wa matenda. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunika kumwa madzi amchere ambiri ndikuyenda mumsewu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta. Ndipo ndikofunikira kulabadira zakusintha kwina kulikonse paumoyo. Pakupatuka pang'ono pazomwe zikuchitika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukachezere dokotala nthawi yomweyo.