Type 2 shuga > Matenda a shuga

Mwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a mellitus (DM), madokotala nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mtundu wa matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa chophwanya kubwezeretsa kwa insulin ndi maselo amisempha. Kukaniza kwa insulin kumayendera limodzi ndi hyperglycemia ndi zizindikiro zingapo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ndimtundu wa shuga wachiwiri womwe umakhudza anthu ambiri (mpaka 90 peresenti) omwe amapatsidwa matenda ena amtunduwu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa limodzi, tilingalire za matenda ashuga, njira zodziwira ndi kuperekera chithandizo.

Mbiri yazachipatala

Zizindikiro zingapo zakunja za matenda ashuga zinkadziwika ngakhale mu nthawi ya ufumu waukulu wa Roma. Kenako nthendayi idadziwika ndi vuto la kuchepa kwamadzi ndi thupi. M'zaka za zana la 20 zokha, asayansi ndi asing'anga adayandikira kuti amvetsetse vutoli - kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Chiwonetsero choyamba chokhudza kupezeka kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga anali G. P. Himsworth kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri - panali nthawi yomwe maziko azachipatala othandizira adayikidwa, omwe ndi othandizabe mpaka pano, chifukwa, ngakhale atakula gawo la kafukufuku wa sayansi ya zamankhwala, Njira zogwira ntchito zolimbirana ndi matenda a shuga sizinapezekebe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2

Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, mu mtundu wachiwiri wa nthendayi umabisidwa mokwanira, nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, koma sikuti umachepetsa shuga la magazi, popeza maselo a minyewa sazindikira. Komabe, popita nthawi, magwiridwe antchito a ma Langerans, omwe amapanga kwambiri insulin, amayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo chiwopsezo cha kusinthika kwa matenda ashuga kuyambira lachiwiri kupita ku mtundu woyamba chikukula.

Mankhwala amakono akuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa cha majini komanso zinthu zofunika, pomwe zochulukirapo za matenda zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa thupi omwe ali onenepa kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2, malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, ndi:

Mavuto amtundu. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti 20 peresenti ya ana omwe makolo awo anali kudwala matenda a shuga 2 amakhalanso ndi matenda ofanana.
Kunenepa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kunenepa kwambiri kwam'mimba kumapangitsa kuti insulin ikane, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa katundu ndi ziphuphu.
Zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka. Mwakuthupi, pakapita nthawi, minyewa yonse ya thupi la munthu wokalamba imayamba kulimbana ndi insulin, ndipo pamaso pa matenda a matenda ashuga 2, chiwopsezo chodwala pambuyo zaka 40 chikukula msanga, makamaka kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri.
Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus. Matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana amtunduwu amatha kuyambitsa vutoli, makamaka ngati akupatsira munthu kangapo pachaka.
Mavuto a kapamba. Pancreatitis, khansa ndi matenda ena, makamaka amtundu wovuta, amachititsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.
Kukhumudwa ndi kupsinjika. Mavuto opitilira ndi kupsinjika kwina ndi choopsa china.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Zizindikiro zapamwamba za matenda ashuga a mtunduwu 2 zimawerengedwa:

Mumakonda kukodza komanso ludzu.
Kunenepa kwambiri
Thumba totupa ndi kuyabwa.
Zilonda zapadera za fungus zopatsirana (makamaka mwa akazi).
Kuchiritsa koyipa kwa mabala, mabala ndi zowonongeka zina pakhungu.
Mavuto ambiri osachiritsika omwe amakhala ndi kufooka kwa minofu, mutu, kugona.
Thukuta lolemera, makamaka usiku.

Pakakhala chithandizo choyenera komanso kusintha kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri kufika pagawo lovuta kwambiri ndikuwonjezereka kwa zovuta zina, wodwalayo amatha kuwonetsa edema kutsogolo, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kukakamizidwa, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, kupweteka kwamtima ndi migraine, dzanzi la miyendo, komanso kuwonekera kwamisempha.

Zizindikiro

Njira yayikulu yodziwira matenda a shuga 2 ndi kuyesa magazi. Amapangidwa m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa - maola 12 musanayesedwe, muyenera kukana kudya, mowa, fodya, osagwiritsa ntchito nkhawa komanso kulimbitsa thupi, komanso osamwa mankhwala komanso kukhala athanzi. Matenda opatsirana omwe ali pachimake, komanso matenda ndi zovuta zina, akhoza kusokoneza zotsatira za kafukufukuyu. Ngati kuwunika kukuwonetsa kuti zomwe zili m'magazi zili m'magazi kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 7 mmol / l, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zovuta za insulin ndipo, motero, pali prediabetesic syndrome. Pamitengo yoposa 7 mmol / l, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndiwokwera, mwachilengedwe ngati malangizo oyamba amatsatiridwa asanayesedwe.

Monga chowonjezera pakuwunika pamwambapa, kuyezetsa nkhawa kumachitika - atangopereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, muyezo wa magalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu wa shuga umaperekedwa kwa wodwalayo ndipo kwa maola awiri mphindi 30 zilizonse magazi amatengedwa kuti awunikenso poyesa kupimidwa kwake. Ndi Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za 7.8-11 mmol / l, adokotala amatha kudziwa matenda a prediabetes. Pamwamba pa 11 mmol / L - kuthekera kwakukulu kwa matenda ashuga.

Monga njira ina yothandizira, wodwalayo amatha kukayezetsa magazi a hemoglobin ya glycated - imawononga ndalama zambiri, koma ndi yolondola komanso yodziimira pakokha pazinthu zachilengedwe, monga kudya / mankhwala, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri. Zotsatira zamitundu 5.7-6,5% ndizokayikitsa za matenda ashuga. Miyezo yapamwamba 6.5 peresenti - chitsimikiziro cha kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga mwa wodwala.

Kuphatikiza pa mayeso oyambira, dotolo amathandizira kuzindikira wodwalayo (kukhalapo kwa polydipsia / polyuria ndi zizindikiro zina), ndiyeneranso kupatula ma paroses osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana omwe amachititsa hyperglycemia (ultrasound, ECG, mayeso a Reberg, ultrasound, capillaroscopy )

Ngati njira yayikulu yodziwira matenda a shuga yatsimikiziridwa, adotolo adazindikira mtundu wa matendawa - woyamba, ma subspecies owonjezera (gestational, sekondale, etc.) amawunikira, ndipo ngati palibe, kuyesedwa kwa C-peptide kumachitika, komwe kukuwonetsa mtundu wa metabolic kapena autoimmune mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Type 2 shuga

Mankhwala amakono samadziwa momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Njira zonse zazikulu komanso zowonjezerapo zomwe zatengedwa zimapangidwira kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, kupewa kupitiliza kwa matendawa komanso kupewa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Zakudya zamankhwala. Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi amtundu wachiwiri. Amapangidwa payekhapayekha ndi endocrinologist pamalingaliro angapo, poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili, zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi zina. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amadwala kunenepa kwambiri, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukana insulini, ndiye kuti madokotala amakono amapereka odwala zakudya zokhala ndi carb ochepa - olimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zakudya zamagulu oyenera (tebulo nambala 9), koma popereka zotheka, mpaka gawo lalitali .
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa nthito ya tsiku ndi tsiku yodzuka, kugona ndi kupumula.
Kukonzekera. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amalembedwa - biguanides, sulfonylurea, PRG, thiazolidcediones. Kuphatikiza apo, pakakhala zovuta, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ACE inhibitors, moxonidine, fenofibrate, ndi ma statins. Insulin imafotokozedwa ngati chothandiza pakakhala vuto la mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse komanso vuto la kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a maselo a beta ndi ma islets a Langerhans.
Opaleshoni kupanikizika kwa kapamba chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa matenda ashuga nephropathy.

Kuchiza ndi wowerengeka azitsamba

Pansipa, zotchuka kwambiri komanso zotetezedwa kwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala a shuga amathandizidwa, zomwe zingathandize kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, komanso kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala!

Thirani magalamu zana a sinamoni wopera ndi lita imodzi yamadzi otentha okha kuchokera pachitofu. Sakanizani bwino kwa mphindi imodzi ndi kuwonjezera 150 gr. wokondedwa. Kusinthasintha komwe kumayenera kumatsanuliridwa mu chotengera cha opaque ndikuyika kuzizira kwa tsiku limodzi. Imwani kawiri patsiku, 200 g. kwa milungu iwiri.
Luso Limodzi. spoonful ya akanadulidwa owuma masamba a mtedza kuchepetsa ndi theka la lita imodzi ya madzi oyera firiji. Ikani moto pang'onopang'ono, kuwira kwa mphindi khumi, kenako ozizira ndikuwulola kuti utuluke kwa maola awiri. Thirani "tiyi" yomwe idayamba ndi kumwa ndikumwa kapu imodzi kangapo patsiku.
Kodi mumakonda tiyi wakuda? M'malo mwake ndi utoto wa laimu, mukumwa mu teapot imodzi tbsp. spoonful ndalama ndi kumwa makapu angapo patsiku.
Thamanga kilogalamu wachitatu wa adyo ndi mizu ya parsley kudzera mu chopukusira nyama chokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Onjezani magalamu 100 a mandimu ndi msanganizo wosakanikirana mpaka muyeso wopezeka, ndiye kuti muikemo chidebe cha opaque, pafupi kwambiri ndi chivindikiro ndikusiyira masiku 14. Gwiritsani ntchito supuni imodzi imodzi kawiri pa tsiku.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndiye chakudya chomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Ndizofunikira kwambiri ndi matenda omwe amafanana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa minyewa kukana insulin. Ngakhale kuti mtundu wakale wamagulu azakudya m'zaka za m'ma 1900 nthawi zonse akhala akualimbikitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wa shuga wambiri, madokotala amakono amakonda zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zomwe zimangoletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kulowa mthupi kwambiri, komanso zimathandizira kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Inde, ndiwokhwima kwambiri, koma zotsatirapo zake zimakhala bwino kuposa retro "Gawo 9", lomwe linabwera kwa ife kuchokera zaka 70 za zana lomaliza!

Zakudya zama carb zotsika zimapatsa mphamvu kupatula kwathunthu komwe kumatchedwa "kuthamanga" mafuta osavuta, omwe amasinthidwa mwachangu kukhala glucose ndipo ngati samadyedwa ndi mafuta. Pankhaniyi, kutsimikizika kwakukulu ndi chakudya chama protein.

Mitundu yonse ya nyama, bowa, mazira, ndiwo zamasamba (kuphatikiza nyemba, nandolo, mbatata, chimanga, nyemba, mphodza ndi maolivi ndi maolivi), mtedza wokhala ndi mbewu, zakudya zamkaka zamafuta ochepa, buckwheat ndi mpunga wakuda / wakuda nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazakudya zovomerezeka komanso zipatso zochepa (kupatula mphesa zokhala ndi nthochi).

Maswiti ndi makeke, shuga, mkate wamtundu uliwonse, nyama yophika, masamba, soseji ndi masoseji, misuzi yokhala ndi compotes ndi zina zilizonse zotsekemera, mowa, mayonesi wokhala ndi ketchup ndi masoseji (mafuta), komanso pasitala yokhala ndi wowuma. mbatata, mpunga woyera wakale, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu yotsala yomwe sinasonyezedwe pamwambapa itha kudyedwa m'miyeso yaying'ono, kupatsidwa zomwe zili ndi calorie ndi magawo ena malinga ndi matebulo apadera a magawo a mkate.

Ndikofunika kuti muziba kapena kuphika mbale mu uvuni, muzovuta kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito wophika pang'onopang'ono. Frying - ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a masamba, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito chiyambi chofanana cha nyama. M'pofunika kudya pang'ono, kuphwanya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku muzakudya zinayi.

Zosintha zazitsanzo za sabata limodzi ndi shuga yachiwiri

Tikukuwonetsani menyu osasintha masiku 7. Zophikira zaumwini zimatha kusinthidwa m'magulu ololedwa ndikugwiritsira ntchito kukula kwa gawo / kalori.

Lolemba. Tidzadya chakudya cham'mawa ndi ma gramu awiri a tchizi chokole, apulo imodzi yaying'ono ndi khofi wopanda mafuta. Timadya nkhomaliro ndi nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba zophika - kwathunthu osapitilira 250. Khalani ndi chakudya chamasana ndi lalanje imodzi yaying'ono, ndipo idyani chakudya chamadzulo chaching'ono chokhala ndi kagawo ka ng'ombe.
Lachiwiri. Tidzadya chakudya cham'mawa ndi omelet kuchokera ku mazira awiri mu mkaka wa 2,5%, komanso apulo ndi tiyi wopanda shuga. Chakudya chamadzulo cha magalamu 200 a ng'ombe yophika ndi mbale ya saladi ya masamba obiriwira. Tili ndi yogurt yamasana yopanda mafuta, yopanda mafuta kuchokera ku zipatso. Chakudya chamadzulo - msuzi wa bowa.
Lachitatu. Chakudya cham'mawa - 100 magalamu a tchizi chathanzi, avocado imodzi ndi khofi wopanda shuga. Kwa nkhomaliro - msuzi wokhala ndi msuzi wa nkhuku yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa ndi 100 magalamu a nkhuku yophika. Pakati pausana - peyala imodzi yaying'ono. Chakudya chamadzulo - mbale ya mpunga wopanda udzu komanso kagawo ka nsomba yophika.
Lachinayi. Tidzakhala ndi mbale yaying'ono yamkaka wa mkaka wofanana ndi mkaka. Tili ndi nkhomaliro ndi magalamu 250 a Turkey wophika ndi masamba. Khalani ndi kapu yamadzulo ya kefir. Chakudya chamadzulo chophika kabichi ndi nyama.
Lachisanu. Timadya m'mawa ndi saladi wamasamba wokhala ndi mazira awiri owiritsa ndi tiyi wopanda mafuta. Timadya nkhomaliro ndi kagawo ka 200 gramu ka nkhumba yodala ndi saladi ya kabichi ndi zitsamba. Khalani ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi masana ndi maapulo awiri ang'ono. Mafuta okwanira magalamu 150 a nsomba yophika.
Loweruka. Tikhala ndi mbale ya tchizi tchizi komanso khofi wakuda wopanda zonona ndi shuga. Timadya nkhomaliro ndi msuzi wa bowa Khalani ndi chakudya chamadzulo masana ndi zipatso zilizonse zololedwa. Chakudya chamadzulo cha magalamu 150 a nkhuku, owazidwa tchizi ndi grated ndi masamba saladi.
Lamlungu. Chakudya cham'mawa - omelet ochokera mazira awiri omwe ali ndi bowa wopangira komanso kapu ya tiyi wopanda shuga. Pa nkhomaliro - saladi wa nsomba zam'nyanja, kabichi ndi amadyera, komanso magalamu 100 a ng'ombe yophika. Zosakhazikika - chipatso chimodzi cha mphesa. Chakudya chamadzulo - mbale ya msuzi wamasamba, magalamu 100 a makeke ophika ndi 50 magalamu a tchizi wolimba.