Mitundu ya insulin ndi zochita zawo

Tsoka ilo, masiku ano, matenda a shuga siachilendo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa, kuti akhalebe athanzi lokwanira, amakana zabwino zomwe amakonda, amakakamizidwa kuti azitsatira zakudya okhazikika, kuwunika mwadongosolo kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala pafupipafupi. Komabe, zonsezi zimawoneka zololeka poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 - odalira insulin. Thanzi lawo, ndipo nthawi zina moyo, zimadalira kayendetsedwe ka mahomoni ake pa nthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo - tidzakambirana zamitundu ya insulin komanso yomwe ili yabwino kwa wodwalayo.

Tanthauzo

Insulin ndi timadzi tomwe timasungidwa ndi kapamba. Ntchito yake: kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka kagayidwe m'thupi mwa kukhazikitsa gawo la shuga m'magazi. Ngati kupangika kwa mahomoni kusokonezeka, bwanji kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasiyana ndi chizolowezi, munthu amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Kuti mukhale ndi shuga, muyenera kutsata zakudya zowonjezera ndikumamwa mankhwala angapo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, pali shuga wokwanira. Chifukwa chake, adapangidwira mitundu yama insulin, yomwe imayambitsidwa kuti ikhale ndi metabolism m'thupi m'malo mwa mahomoni omwe sangathe kudzipangira okha.

Mtundu wina wa mankhwala a mahomoni umayikidwa ndi dokotala potengera:

• zaka odwala
• shuga m'magazi
• kusintha kwa thupi la wodwala,
• kuchuluka kwa mawu oyamba
• kuchuluka kwa milingo ya shuga
• zizolowezi za matenda ashuga.

Timaganizira mwatsatanetsatane magawo angapo a mankhwalawa.

Maphunziro Omaliza

Popeza timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi tiziwalo tathupi tathupi, mwachilengedwe, zimakhala za nyama kapena zopangidwa. Mitundu ya insulin m'gawoli izikhala motere:

• Kuchokera ku Pancreas of Cattle. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kukhala kodzadza ndi zovuta zina, chifukwa insulin yotere imasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a anthu atatu mwa khumi ndi asanu ndi m'modzi amino acid.
• Nkhumba. Mtundu wina wabwino kwambiri wa insulin ndi kapangidwe kake kamasiyana ndi amino acid imodzi.
• Whale. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - mawonekedwe a mahomoni ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anthu kuposa insulini yomwe imapezeka kuchokera kapamba wama ng'ombe.
• Macheza. Insulin yopangidwa (genetically engineering), yomwe imapezeka ndikusintha kapangidwe ka amino acid kosayenera mu porcine insulin. Izi zimaphatikizanso mahomoni omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku Escherichia coli yaumunthu.

Kuchulukana Kwazinthu

Mitundu ya insulin imasiyananso pa kuchuluka kwazomwe zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala:

• Monoid. Mahomoni ali ndi nyama imodzi mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe.
• Kuphatikizidwa. Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo - akupanga kuchokera ku kapamba, mwachitsanzo, nkhumba ndi ng'ombe.

Gawo la kuyeretsa

Polankhula za mitundu, katundu ndi kusiyana kwa insulin, munthu sangangotchulapo zagawikidwe malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa komwe kumachokera timadzi timene timalandira:

• Kukonzekera kopitilira muyeso. Njira yabwino yodwala matenda ashuga. Mtundu wa wothandizirawu umadutsa molekyhula ya maselo ndi ma ion amasinthana ndi ma chromatography, omwe ndi fayilo yapamwamba kwambiri ya insulin.
• Mankhwala achikhalidwe. Zotsatira zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi asidi ethanol, kenako zimadutsa zosefera. Kenako imadutsa pamchere wamchere ndi kupitirira. Koma magawo omwe afotokozedwawo sangathe kuchotsa zodetsa zilizonse pazinthu zilizonse zoyipa.
• Peak Monopic. Choyereracho chimakhala ndi magawo awiri: koyamba, chimadutsa molingana ndi njira yachikhalidwe, ndipo chachiwiri, chinthu chimasefedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gelisi yapadera. Lamuloli limathandizira kuti mupeze mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsika zochepa kuposa zoyambirira.

Zotsatira kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono

Gulu lodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi kulekanitsa insulin ndi mitundu ndi zochita zawo. Pang'onopang'ono, mankhwala a mahomoni amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa zotsatirazi:

• Chokhalitsa.
• Kutalika kwapakati.
• Mwachidule.
• Ultrashort.
• Zosakanizidwa (kapena kuphatikiza).

Ganizirani mtundu uliwonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Mankhwala a Ultrashort

Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wa insulin yochepetsetsa ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwachangu momwe mungathere. Mankhwala otere amaperekedwa musanadye. Zotsatira zoyambirira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake zimawonekera patatha mphindi 10. Pambuyo maola 1.5-2, zochitika za insulin zoterezi zikufika pamwamba.

Zoyipa za gululi sizingakhale zokhazikika komanso zowonekeratu zama glucose kuposa zomwe zimachitika mwachidule. Komanso, ili ndi gulu lamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa oimiridwa. 1 unit (IU - muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa insulini mu mahomoni wothandizila) wa insulin ya ultrashort ndi wamphamvu 1.5 nthawi kuposa 1 IU ya nthumwi yamtundu uliwonse malinga ndi kukhudzika.

Mankhwala otsatirawa angatchulidwe gulu la insulin:

• Apidra. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda ashuga okalamba kuposa zaka 6. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito amayi apakati komanso okalamba. Mawu oyambira: subcutaneous kapena pampu.
• NovoRapid. Maziko - insulin. Ndi chinthu chopanda utoto mu cholembera cha 3 ml syringe (300 PIECES). Amapangidwa kuchokera kwa anthu a E. coli. Ubwino wake ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito mukanyamula mwana.
• Humalog. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, ndi ma analogue a mahomoni amunthu - amasiyana ndi omwe amapangidwe osinthika a ma amino acid angapo. Zovuta zake zimawonekera mpaka maola 4. Zomwe zimapangidwira: matenda a shuga 1, matenda a insulini pachimake, matenda amtundu wa 2, kusalolera kwa mankhwala ena.

Mankhwala Ovuta a Gulu

Mitundu ya ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito kwakanthawi amasiyanasiyana chifukwa choti zotsatira zoyambirira za kuwonekera kwawo zimachitika mphindi 20-30 atatha kutsata. Nthawi yomweyo imakhala mpaka maola 6. Mankhwala oterowo amayenera kuperekedwa kwa mphindi 15 asanadye, ndipo maola angapo pambuyo pake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitha kuyambiranso.

Nthawi zina, madokotala, omwe amawunika momwe wodwalayo alili, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala, shuga, amawapatsa wodwalayo nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa.

Oimira mtundu wodziwika ndi awa:

• "Biosulin P". Oyenera kuphatikiza ndi insulin "Biosulin N". Mankhwalawa ndi amtundu wofanana, amapezeka m'matumba ndi m'mabotolo.
• "Monodar". Uku ndikuphika kwa nkhumba. Dokotala amadziwonetsa ngati matenda amtundu 1 ndi 2, panthawi yomwe wodwala ali ndi pakati, kulephera kwa mankhwalawa mothandizidwa ndi mitundu ya mapiritsi a mahomoni.
• "Humodar R". Mankhwala amayenera kuperekedwa kwa gulu la semisynthetic. Zimayenda bwino ndi ma insulin apakati. Ubwino wina - ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere.
• "Actrapid NM". Zogulitsa ma genetic engineering. Imayendetsedwa onse mosavuta komanso kudzera m'mitsempha, jekeseni wamkati - kokha malinga ndi katswiri. Amamasulidwa ku pharmacies ndi mankhwala kuchokera kwa dokotala wopita.
• "Humulin Nthawi Zonse". Mankhwala mu Mbale ndi makatiriji ndi oyenera mtsempha wa magazi, subcutaneous ndi mu mnofu makonzedwe. Yoyenera mitundu yodalira insulin komanso yosadalira insulini, poyambira kugwiritsa ntchito, makonzedwe pa nthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala a Hormonal a gululi amayamba kugwira ntchito patatha maola awiri atakhazikitsa. Nthawi ya ntchito yawo ndi maola 8-12. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amafunika jakisoni 2-3 wa mankhwala oterewa patsiku. Dokotala atha kukulemberani kugwiritsa ntchito insulini yapakatikati, kuphatikiza ndi yayifupi.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri a gululi ndi awa:

• Zopanga: "Biogulin N", "Humodar B".
• Kutengera ndi insulin ya porcine: Monodar B, Protafan MS.
• Amasinthidwe amtundu: Protafan NM, Biosulin N, Humulin NPH, Insuran NPH.
• Kuyimitsidwa kwa Zinc: "Monotard MS".

Kutenga nthawi yayitali mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Zotsatira za kayendetsedwe kameneka zimachitika patatha maola 4-8 kuchokera pano. Koma zimapitilizabe ndi tsiku limodzi ndi theka mpaka masiku awiri. Mphindi yofunika kwambiri ya mitundu ya insulin yayitali ndi maola 8 mpaka 12 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa.

Wodziwika kwambiri m'gululi adzakhala zinthu zotsatirazi:

• "Levemir Penfill". Chinsinsi cha insulin, yemwe amafanana ndi Levemir Flexpen. Makamaka subcutaneous makonzedwe. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ya piritsi - endocrinologist imapereka mulingo woyenera.
• Lantus. Mtundu wa insulin wautaliwu ndi wokwera mtengo. Wothandizidwa ndi insulin glargine amatumikiridwa kamodzi patsiku, nthawi yomweyo, mosazungulira. Odwala osakwanitsa zaka 6 sanakhazikitsidwe, amayi oyembekezera ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala. Itha kukhala mankhwala amodzi kapena kuphatikiza ndimankhwala ena. Mitundu yake mu zolembera ndi makatiriji pampu imaperekedwa m'mafakitore pokhapokha ngati mwalandira mankhwala.