Mitundu ya Atherosulinosis

Khodi ya atherosclerosis malinga ndi ICD 10 I70. Dzinali limadziwika bwino "pakati pa anthu," koma ochepa amalingalira za zotsatirapo zake. Dzinali limakhala ndi Greek ἀθέροaff - "mankhusu, gruel" ndi "σκληρός -" yolimba, yolimba ". Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chakukhumudwa kwa sitimazo, mafuta a cholesterol amawaika ngati malo owumbika bwino.

Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a chotengera amachepa kuti amalize kufalikira (kuwonongeka) ndikumalizidwa kwa gawo la magazi. Pali matenda ofanana ndi Zizindikiro - Menkeberg arteriosulinosis, koma mu nkhani iyi, gawo lamkati la mitsempha limaperewera, momwe mchere wa calcium umayikidwira, zolembera za cholesterol sizikupezeka ndipo mitsempha ya mitsempha imayamba.

Atherosulinosis imakhudza makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwawo ndikupanga cholepheretsa kayendedwe ka magazi. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kuphwanya kwamwazi m'magazi amkati.

Pakadali pano, mtima wa atherosclerosis sutchulidwanso kuti matenda okalamba. Kukhala ndi moyo wopanda thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kusuta, kupsinjika, kudya kwambiri zamafuta ndi mowa kumatsogolera ku mfundo yoti atherosclerosis imatha kukhala ndi zaka 30-30.

Atherosulinosis - ndi chiyani

Kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis kumayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwa zotanuka za chotengera, kusintha kwake, kuchepa kwa lumen, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa magazi.

Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti odwala ambiri samvera chidwi ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za atherosulinosis ndi ischemia, monga:

• kuchepa kwa magwiridwe
• kutopa kwambiri
• chizungulire
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
• kupuma movutikira
• kusokonezeka kwa mtima
• tachycardia, etc.

Zizindikiro zambiri zimadziwika chifukwa cha kulimbikira kugwira ntchito komanso kusowa tulo.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala amapita kwa dokotala pokhapokha ngati matendawa atulukapo kuchokera ku chotupa cha m'matumbo amayamba kuvuta kwambiri moyo wawo (kulephera kukwera masitepe popanda kupuma movutikira, tachycardia ndi kumverera kosowa kwa mpweya kupuma, kulephera kuyenda palokha chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mwendo, etc.).

Ischemia yokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo imatha kubweretsa tinnitus, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukumbukira, kusintha kwa psyche, kuphwanya kwa chiwindi ndi mgwirizano, etc. Kuphatikizika kwa chizindikiro kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa ndi anthu okalamba, chifukwa kuwonetsa kwa ischemia ya ubongo chifukwa cha atherosulinosis yamitsempha ya kusintha kwa ma senile.

Zoyambitsa Atherosulinosis

Kuti tisangalatse chitukuko cha zolembera muubwino wamaubongo:

• matenda a autoimmune (kulowetsedwa kwa khoma la mtima ndi macrophages ndi leukocytes kumachitika),
• matenda (mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi zina),
• kuphwanya machitidwe a antioxidant,
• kusokonekera kwa mahormoni (gonadotropic ndi adenocorticotropic mahomoni kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol),
• zolakwika zobadwa nazo za makoma a mtima,
• kusagwirizana kwa lipoprotein ndi kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi VLDL m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mtima wamatenda a mtima:

Zovuta zosalamulirika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha ya mitsempha ilimbike ndi zomwe sizingatheke. Amatha kuthandizira pakukula kwa atherosulinosis, koma popanda zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa, sizitsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa.

Pakukula kwa mtima wamatenda, kuphatikiza pamavuto angapo ndikofunikira.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngakhale titakhala kuti tili ndi cholowa chamtunduwu, mavuto atha kupewedwa ngati:

• khalani ndi moyo wathanzi (kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, kusiya kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa, chakudya chopatsa zipatso zambiri, masamba, nsomba zonenepa kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kudya kwamafuta, maswiti, ndi zina zambiri),
• nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi adotolo,
• yang'anira mbiri ya lipid ( cholesterol , HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides ),
• imwani chithandizo chamankhwala a matenda am'mbuyo (matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, ndi zina).

Gulu la Atherosulinosis

Mwakutero, gulu la atherosulinosis kulibe. Matendawa amatha kugawidwa m'magawo ndi kuthekera.

Makonda azodziwika kwambiri a atherosulinotic foci ndi awa:

• zombo zapamadzi
• thoracic msempha
• ziwiya zam'chiberekero ndi matenda a ziwalo (
• zotengera impso
• m'mimba msempha
• mitsempha ya miyendo.

Atherosulinosis ya thoracic aorta, nthawi zambiri, imaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'mtima, komanso atherosulinosis yam'mimba, ndi ischemia yam'munsi.

Palibe chithandizo cha panthawi yake komanso kuchuluka kwa triglycerides, komanso "yoyipa" cholesterol (lipoproteins NP ndi SNP), atherosulinosis yodziwika bwino imatheka. Ndiye kuti, zolembera zamtundu uliwonse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakhudza pafupifupi ziwiya zonse.

Malinga ndi kusintha kwa pathological mu khoma la mtima, magawo a atherosulinosis agawika:

• gawo la lipid banga, lokhala ndi nthawi ya dolipid, lipoidosis ndi liposulinosis yotsatira,
• kukula kwa atheromatosis ndi kumachitika kwa zigawo za fibrous,
• kuwoneka kwa zovuta za atherosulinosis (zilonda zamkati, kuwola kwa mapepala, etc.),
• gawo la atherocalcinosis (calcation of atherosulinotic malo).

Zosintha pamagawo a lipid

Mu gawo la dolipid la atherosulinosis, njira yowonongera khoma ikuyamba kumene. Choyambirira, kupezeka kwa membrane wa intima kumawonjezeka, mapuloteni, fibrin, maselo othandiza kupanga mapuloteni amayamba kudziunjikira mkati mwake wamkati (mawonekedwe a parietal microtubi).

Kenako glycosaminoglycans, cholesterol, lipoproteins NP ndi SNP kudziunjikira mu zotupa. Zotsatira zake, khoma lam'mimba limasulidwa, ndikupanga zinthu zabwino kuti pakhale kupezekanso kwa LDL ndi VLDL, cholesterol, etc.

Chifukwa cha kutupa pang'onopang'ono, zotupa za elastic ndi collagen zomwe zimayambitsa zotanuka za chotengera zimayamba kuwonongeka mu kugonana kwam'mimba.

Mu gawo la lipoidosis, kulowetsedwa kwa khoma la mtima ndi lipids ndi cholesterol kumabweretsa kuwoneka kwa mizere ya lipid ndi mawanga. Ma form awa samatuluka pamwamba pa intima ndipo, chifukwa chake, samatsogolera pakusokonezeka kwa hemodynamic. Magulu komanso mawanga othamanga kwambiri (lipid) ndi mawanga amapangidwa mu thoracic aorta ndi zombo za coronary.

Zosintha pa gawo lino ndizosinthika kwathunthu, ndipo, momwe zimakhalira kale, zitha kuzimiririka popanda kutsogoleredwa kwa atherosclerosis.

Ndi kukula kwa kusalinganika kwa lipid, lipoidosis imadutsa liposulinosis.

Kodi liposulinosis ndi chiyani?

Ndi kupitirira kwa liposulinosis, atherosclerotic zolengeza amakula, kuyambitsa ischemia ziwalo ndi minofu. Chithunzi chachikulu cha chipatala chimatengera komwe malo a atherosulinosis ali (ziwiya zam'mimba, mitsempha ya impso, matenda am'mimba, aorta, etc.).

Pakadali pano, malembawo ndi osakhazikika ndipo amatha kusungunuka kwathunthu. Komabe, pakadali pano pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta, popeza malo omwe sanakhazikike, amatha kuchoka nthawi iliyonse ndikutsogolera ku embolism.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta za hemodynamic ndi ischemic, komanso kutseguka kwa magazi chifukwa cha kukokomeza kwa magazi.

Gawo la atheromatosis

Panthawi ya atheromatosis, kuwonongeka kwa lipids komwe kumapezeka mkati mwa chinsalu kumayamba. Komanso, ulusi wa collagen ndi elastin womwe umakhoma mchombo umawonongeka.

Mashesi osokonezeka amachotsedwa pamadzi am'madzi ndi chivundikiro cha zolembera zamtundu wa atherosclerotic (minofu yokhazikika ya hyalinised).

Gawo la zovuta za atherosulinotic

Kuphatikiza pa kuvutikika kwakukulu kwa atherosulinosis - kung'ambika kwa malo kapena kuwononga malo ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pachimake pakhale kupindika, kapena kupweteka kwa zigawo zam'munsi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zilonda za atheromatous.

Zilonda zapakhomo zimatha kuthana ndi kupindika kwa aneurysm, thrombosis kapena embolus (pamene magazi amkati kapena zomwe zili papulogalamu ya atherosulinotic zimatsukidwa kuchokera pachilonda).

Zizindikiro za Atherosulinosis

Magawo oyamba a atherosulinosis ndi asymptomatic. Pambuyo pa mapangidwe a fibrous atherosulinotic plaques, Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo lomwe limadutsa ischemia.

Mu ubongo arteriosulinosis, matenda osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti maselo azisintha mu ubongo komanso matenda opuwala.

Kukula kwa zizindikiro zamankhwala ndi kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha odwala kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, monga kuchepa kwa lumen ya chotengera ndikuwonjezeka kwa ischemia.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi zopanda tanthauzo, zimapezeka:

• mutu
• kulemera m'mutu
• kupweteka
• tinnitus
• kutopa,
• zosokoneza tulo
• Kukhumudwa
• kusakhazikika mtima
• kukumbukira kusokonezeka ndi kuthekera kwakuya kwambiri.

Monga kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi matenda ischemia:

• matenda a oculomotor
• kusokonekera kwa mawu
• vuto la magalimoto,
• kusokoneza
• kuoneka kwa kanthawi kovuta kusokonekera (kusanachitike sitiroko, limodzi ndi chosakhalitsa chotchedwa ubongo ischemia) ndikotheka.

M'tsogolomo, lowani:

• mavuto akulu amisala,
• kukomoka
• kwamikodzo kusagonja
• kugwedezeka miyendo,
• kusokonekera kwa mawu
• luntha lachepera
• kugwa kuchokera kumtambo
• kusintha kwakukulu kwa gait
• kuphwanya kwamtundu wa khungu,
• Kukula kwa ischemic stroke.

Zizindikiro za m'munsi miyendo ndi ischemia ndi kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba

Ndi kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba msempha, kupweteka kapena kusakhazikika pamimba, kusowa kwa chakudya, kumverera kosalekeza komanso kutulutsa magazi, kupindika, kudzimbidwa. Mukatha kudya, kupezeka kwa kupweteka kumadziwika, komwe kumatha maola ochepa.

Ndi kupitirira kwa atherosulinosis komanso kuwonjezeka kwamomwe kuwonongeka kwa mtima, alowa:

• kufooka kwa minofu
• mawonekedwe a ululu poyenda,
• phazi kuziziritsa
• kumverera kwa tsekwe komanso kusefukira kwa zala,
• kusowa kwa pulsation pakhungu palpation pa miyendo ndi pansi pa mawondo,
• mwa amuna, mawonekedwe a kusokonekera kwa kugonana ndi khalidwe.

Ndi ischemia yayikulu yam'munsi yam'munsi, makulidwe amtundu wa miyendo imakhala yodziwika (edema ndi hyperemia ndizothekanso), mawonekedwe a ming'alu ndi zilonda pakhungu, kupweteka kwa mwendo kupumula komanso usiku.

Ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa magazi, magazi am'miyendo amayamba.

Kusiyanitsa matenda a atherosulinosis a m'munsi malekezero:

Matenda a Atherosulinosis

Kuchokera kuzidziwitso za labotale, ndikofunikira kuti muwunike:

• kuyezetsa magazi konse
• kusanthula kwakanthawi kwamkodzo, mapuloteni amkati tsiku lililonse,
• coagulogram ,
• magazi zamankhwala
• mbiri ya lipid (mulingo wa lipoproteins VP, NP ndi SNP, mulingo wa cholesterol wokwanira ndi triglycerides) komanso kuchuluka kwa atherogenicity,
• shuga m'magazi
• malinga ndi zikuwonetsa, kuwunika kwa mbiri ya mahomoni (mahomoni a chithokomiro, estradiol , testosterone, etc.).

Ndimachitanso ECG, ECHO-KG, tsiku ndi tsiku Kuwunikira kwa Holter , Ultrasound ya ziwalo za m'mapazi ndi m'mimba, kutsutsana kwa ziwiya zamutu, khosi, ziwiya zamiyendo, mitsempha ya impso, etc.

Magnetic resonance imaging ndi mawerengedwa a coronary calcium (Ca index) atha kukhala yoyenera.

Ngati ndi kotheka, kufunsira mafunso kukusonyeza:

• ophthalmologist (kuwunika momwe fundus),
• neurologist (chizindikiritso cha matenda amitsempha),
• angiosurgeon (zotupa zoopsa, kudziwa kufunika kwa mankhwalawa) ndi neurosurgeon (ngati mitsempha ya intracranial yakhudzidwa),
• dokotala wamtima (posankha chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kukonza kale mankhwala)
• endocrinologist (pozindikiritsa maziko a endocrinological pathologies),
• hematologist (kukonza ma coagulograms ndi kupewa thrombosis chifukwa cha antiplatelet tiba).

Chithandizo cha Atherosulinosis

Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis chimagawidwa posakhala mankhwala, mankhwala ndi opareshoni.

Zotsatira zopanda mankhwala:

• kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zopatsa lipid.
• kusiya kusuta ndi kumwa mowa,
• zochita zolimbitsa thupi,
• kusintha kwa boma masana, kupumula ndi kugona,
• kuwongolera kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuwonda pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamachitidwe amodzi,
• kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala wofufuza mbiri ya lipid, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa. Pakakhala kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa hemodynamic ndi zizindikiro, tikulimbikitsidwa:

Pankhani ya kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa lipid, etiological therapy imayankhidwa kuti ichepetse triglycerides, LDL ndi VLDL (lipid-kuchepetsa mankhwala), komanso othandizira antiplatelet, pofuna kupewa thrombosis komanso kukula kwa atherothrombosis.

Kuchokera pamankhwala ochepetsa lipid, kugwiritsa ntchito ma FAestestrate (bile acids), ma fibrate, ma statins (simvastatin ndi atorvastatin) akuwonetsedwa.

Mwa mankhwala osagwirizana, kugwiritsa ntchito acetylsalicylic acid ndi clopidogrel ndikulimbikitsidwa.

Chithandizo cha concomitant maziko pathologies ndizovomerezeka (chithandizo cha ochepa matenda oopsa, arrhythmias, kukonza matenda a shuga mellitus, etc.).

Malinga ndi zikuwonetsa, ndi atherosulinosis ikhoza kutumizidwa:

• mankhwala omwe amasinthasintha microcirculation ndi angioprotective othandizira,
• beta-blockers (propranolol, bisoprolol, etc.),
• anticoagulants (heparin),
• mankhwala osapweteka a antiidal (monga lamulo, amawonetsedwa kupweteka kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi miyendo yocheperako).

Opaleshoni ya atherosulinosis imachitidwa kuti abwezeretse magazi mu chiwalo cha ischemic, kuchotsa magazi kapena embolus, opaleshoni yodutsa, etc.

Njira zopewera

Zomwe zimapangitsa kupewa atherosulinosis ndi:

• kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zamafuta ochepa,
• kusiya kusuta ndi kumwa mowa,
• kulimbitsa thupi
• magazi shuga
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• zolimbitsa thupi.

Femodynamic mawonekedwe

Kukula kwake kumakwiyitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Malo omwe nthambi za mitsempha imakhala pachiwopsezo kwambiri, ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti chotupa cha vascular endothelium (glycocalyx) chiwonongeke ndi kupanikizika kwa hemodynamic.

Kukulumikizira kwamkati ziwiya (intima) kumakhala kolola kwa lipoprotein. Pambuyo pake, mawonekedwe a thrombus kapena cholesterol plaque patsamba lino. Thrombosis, mitsempha ya varicose kapena thrombophlebitis imatha kuyambitsanso atherosclerosis. Chifukwa china ndi vasospasm.

Mulingo wa chisamaliro

Mankhwala akwanitsa kuchepetsa ziwopsezo za kufa kwa atherosclerosis ndi oposa 30%

Chofunika kwambiri pakugwera ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe aperekedwa. Anthu okhala m'maiko omwe ali ndi mankhwala ochuluka ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, anthu opitilila 1 miliyoni amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha matenda amisempha ku Russia. Izi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa mayiko aku Europe.

Kufunika kofunika kwambiri ndi kuthamanga komwe wodwala amayendera kukaonana ndi dokotala. Njira zamakono zodziwira matenda amatha kudziwa matendawa kumayambiriro kwa mawonekedwe ake.

Momwe zimayamba kukhazikika, machitidwe adzafunidwa kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wa wodwalayo ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikiro.

Kwazaka 20 zapitazi, mankhwala akwanitsa kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zakufa kwa atherosclerosis ndi oposa 30%.

Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Atherosclerosis

Mtundu wa zakudya zamtunduwu umatengedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa atherosulinosis. 20% ya cholesterol imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, zotsalazo zimapangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi.

Munjira yozungulira, kuzungulira kwake kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito lipoproteins. Cholesterol imagawidwa kukhala yoyipa komanso yopindulitsa. Poyambirira, tikulankhula za otsika osalimba lipoprotein.

Cholesterol yothandiza ndi lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imalepheretsa kusintha kwa atherosrance.

Njira yayikulu yoyendetsera cholesterol yanu ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchepetsa zakudya zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zotsekemera, komanso chakudya chofulumira. Ndikofunika kuti muzidya zakudya zambiri zomanga thupi, zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Pachigawo choyambirira, kusintha kwa thanzi kumathandiza kupewa zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa mitsempha. Koma pantchito zazikulu kwambiri, njira yophatikizira ndiyofunikira.

Mitundu yamakhalidwe ndi chiwopsezo cha zovuta zamtima

Kuti muchepetse zovuta zamatenda am'mtima, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse zovuta zanu.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika kwa mtima ndi kupsinjika kwama maganizo kwa thupi. Pofuna kupewa zovuta zokhudzana ndi atherosulinosis, sinthani magwiridwe antchito amanjenje.

Lingaliro la mitundu ya "A" ndi "B" idakhazikitsidwa ndi asayansi a M. Friedman ndi R. Roseman.

Chomwe chingapangire umboni wawo ndizopeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukhudzika mtima amayankha mosiyanasiyana pamavuto.

Gawo lomwe lili ndi mtundu wa "A" limaphatikizapo anthu odziwika komanso akhama. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutsimikiza kwawo ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwawo mwa iwo eni. Kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu oterewa kumathandizira kwambiri.

Gulu B limaphatikizapo anthu akusambira ndi otaya. Amakhala odekha pam mavuto komanso samayesa kuchita bwino pantchito. Anthu omwe ali m'gulu la "A" amakonda kwambiri kukonza kwa ma mtima.

Ichi ndichifukwa cha kupezeka kosalekeza pamavuto amanjenje.

Kumbukirani kuti sizofunikira chilichonse pachokha, koma kuphatikiza. Kuti muchepetse zovuta zamatenda am'mtima, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse zovuta zanu komanso muchepetse kuthamanga kwa moyo.

Zofunika! Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi anthu opitirira zaka 55. Koma malinga ndi ziwerengero, matendawa akufalikira kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kulimbana ndi atherosulinosis

Kukhala moyo wongokhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambitsa kukulitsa matenda a mtima. Kulimbana ndi atherosclerosis kumaphatikizapo kuyambitsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zatsiku ndi tsiku. Chithunzi chomwe chimangokhala chikukhudza thupi la munthu motere:

1. Imachita monga chifukwa chachikulu chambiri choonjezera kulemera. Zotsatira zake, mafutawo amadzaza mitsempha yamagazi, ndikuthandizira kuti iwo azitsekeka.
2. Ntchito yochepetsetsa imachepetsa metabolidi ya lipid, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'thupi.
3. Kuphatikizana kwa pulatifiti kumawonjezera, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha thrombosis.
4. Kugwira ntchito kwa minofu yamtima kumasokonezeka chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakanthawi kwa magazi.
5. Chifukwa chokhala phee, kuchepa kwa ntchito zoteteza za endothelium kumawonedwa. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwawo kukana mapangidwe a atherosulinotic malo.

Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi kuchitike pang'onopang'ono. Kulemera mopambanitsa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira monga kusakhalapo kwathunthu. Ndikofunika kukambirana ndi dotolo kuthekera kochita masewera ena.

Zosangalatsa! Nthawi ndi nthawi kuwonekera kwa tinnitus ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma vestibular zida zingasonyeze kuyambika kwa atherosulinosis.

Kusuta ndi zombo

Nicotine imakhala yosangalatsa pamitsempha yamagazi

Anthu omwe amasuta fodya amakhala atavutika kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Mukapuma utsi wa ndudu, zinthu zapoizoni zopangidwa pakhungu zimalowa m'thupi la munthu. Nicotine imakhala yosangalatsa pamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa norepinephrine ndi adrenaline.

Carbon monoxide, yomwe imabwera ndi utsi wa ndudu, imalowetsa mpweya wabwino, ndikupangitsa mpweya kufa ndi maselo. Zotsatira zake, ntchito yozungulira imasokonekera. Makoma olimbirana amayamba kuchepera, kuyamba kugonja ndi zinthu zakunja. Ndi kusuta kwa nthawi yayitali, chiopsezo cha thrombosis komanso kukula kwa mikwingwirima kumawonjezeka.

Kukula kwachisoni kumawonedwa ngakhale munthu atasuta fodya wosaposa 1-2 patsiku.

Momwe mungathane ndi atherosulinosis

Choyamba, kulimbana ndi mtima wamatenda (atherosulinosis) kumatanthauza kusintha kwakukulu pa moyo. Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, izi zimathandiza kupewa zovuta zaumoyo. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zopewera ndi kuchiza matendawa ndi monga:

1. Zakudya zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Zakudya zamafuta, zakudya zachangu komanso zomanga thupi zopatsa mphamvu sizipezeka muzakudya. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mavitamini C, B, E, ndi A akumizidwa bwino.
2. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumatanthauza kusiya kumwa mowa ndi kusuta.
3. Ndi onenepa kwambiri, muyenera kuchepa thupi pang'onopang'ono, kuyang'ana maziko azakudya zoyenera ndikuchita masewera. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupita ku dziwe ndikukachita yoga. Katundu wamagetsi amatsutsana.
4. Kuwunika pafupipafupi magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, tonometer iyenera kugulidwa. Kuti muchepetse kupanikizika, mankhwala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ayenera kukhala pafupi.
5. Ndikofunikira kupereka magazi pafupipafupi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.

Odwala ena amafunitsitsa kuphunzira momwe angathanirane ndi kusintha kwa mitsempha ya atherosselotic ndi njira za wowerengeka. Madokotala savomereza chithandizo chotere. Njira zina zimathandizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa zizindikiritso, koma mankhwala okha ndi omwe amatsogolera ku zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Pofuna kuchepetsa cholesterol, ma statin amatengedwa. Mwa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri komanso omwe amayesedwa nthawi yayitali, Rosuvastatin ndi Atorvastatin ndi omwe amadziwika. Malangizo a mankhwalawa amasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana, kutengera zovuta za matendawa.

Njira zopangira pakuyeretsa Mitsempha yamagazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis. Zisonyezo za opareshoni ndi izi:

• kupweteka kwambiri m'dera la ziwalo zopunduka ndi kuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali,
• mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba,
• kupweteka mukapuma.

Pali njira zingapo zothandizira opaleshoni. Ndi blockage wa lumen ya ziwiya, endarterectomy imachitika.

Monga gawo lakukhazikitsa kwake, ziwalo zamagazi zimachotsedwa m'mitsempha ndipo ma cholesterol amana amachotsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zochulukirapo pakukula kwa zipupa za mitsempha yamagazi. Pazinthu zotsogola kwambiri, kusokonezeka kumachitika.

Kuchita opareshoni kumaphatikizapo kupangidwa kwa njira yatsopano yamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito graf.

Njira zamakono zobwezeretsera kayendedwe ka magazi zimaphatikizira kununkha. Pakati pa njirayi, lumen ya mtima imakulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ya baluni.Chipangizo chimayikidwa m'dera lamavuto, chomwe chimalepheretsanso sitimayo kuti isachepetsenso.

Chithandizo cha atherosclerosis chikhala chothandiza kwambiri ndi njira yophatikizidwa. Chofunikanso ndi kuzindikira kwakanthawi. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi compact tomography, ultrasound, MRI, ndi kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.

Pomaliza

Kulimbana ndi atherosulinosis kumaphatikizapo njira zodzitetezera komanso zochizira

Atherosulinosis ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe sangathetsedwe kwathunthu. Koma pali mwayi wochepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikiro ndi kupewa kukula kwa zovuta zam'tsogolo mtsogolo. Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumadalira nthawi yokhayo yochitapo kanthu ndikutsatira malangizo azachipatala.

Kusuta ndi mdani wa mitsempha yamagazi No. 1

Polankhula za kulimbana ndi matenda a matenda a m'mimba, munthu sangalephere kutchulapo chimodzi mwa zoyambitsa zake - kusuta. Kupuma utsi wa fodya sikuti kumangowonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamapapu, komanso kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pamatumbo. Monga kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuwundana kwa magazi ndikulepheretsa mphamvu ya endothelium kuti ipirire atherosclerosis.

Kukhazikitsidwa kuti omwe amasuta kwambiri amafa kawiri chifukwa cha zovuta zamtima zoyambira kuposa osasuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwerengera kwachisoni kumeneku kumakhudzanso onse omwe amasuta, ngakhale iwo omwe amasuta ndudu 1-4 patsiku.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungathanirane ndi atherosulinosis ndikumapitilizabe kusuta, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mukhale ndi thanzi lanu ndi kusiya kusuta.

Kodi atherosulinosis ndi chiyani?

Munthu akakhala wathanzi lathanzi, magazi akamakakamizidwa ndi magazi othamanga ndipo amathamanga kwambiri mthupi la munthu. Amayenda, ngati m'mitsempha ndi m'mitsempha yayikulu, komanso m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, pali chakudya chathunthu komanso mpweya wabwino kufikira malo akutali kwambiri.

Gawo lapadera la magazi, hemoglobin, limapereka kayendedwe ka oksijeni mthupi lonse.

Ngati pali cholakwika chilichonse m'magazi a plasma, komanso pakuwunika magazi, kusintha kwamphamvu ya mapuloteni, chakudya ndi mafuta kumachitika.

Gawo la cholesterol yaulere mu madzi a m'magazi limawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa lipids kwa atherogenic komanso kosagwirizana ndi atherogenic kumaphwanyidwa. Mafuta a anti-atherogenic amachepetsa ndipo mafuta a atherogenic amawonjezeka.

Ndizofanana kuchuluka kwamankhwala amodzi mu plasma komwe kumapangitsa kuti chuma cha atherogenic chikhale m'ndendemo. Akadzikundikira, mafangawa amapanga chidindo chapadera, chomwe mtsogolomo chimayambitsa masoka owopsa amtima.

Poyamba, zolembazi sizikhala zolimba. Koma patapita nthawi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumathandizira kuti mawonekedwe a kachidutswaka kakang'ono azioneka. Kuchokera pazofooka izi, puloteni yapadera imatulutsidwa yomwe imalimbikitsa ma chemotaxis amitsempha yamagazi.

Mitsempha yamagazi, kapena mapulateleti, ndi ma cell omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azikundana, komanso thrombosis.

Mapulatifomu okhazikika pathanthwe amapanga thrombus weniweni, wopangidwa. Chovala chamagazi, chake ndi bomba nthawi.

Kutalika kwa Atherosulinosis

Magulu ambiri omwe amavomerezedwa ndi atherosulinosis pakukula kwa matenda malinga ndi WHO akusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo ya matendawa.

Mtundu wa kusokonezeka kwa hemodynamic, komwe kumaphatikizapo matenda oopsa, kuphipha kwa ziwiya zamkati.

Njira yamavuto a dysmetabolic imadziwika ndi zovuta zingapo zamafuta metabolism.

Mtundu wa kusokonezeka kwa endocrine pamtima wamtunduwu wamatenda ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga.

Fomu yosakanikirayo imadziwika ndi chitukuko m'thupi la zovuta zingapo nthawi imodzi

Malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwa njirayi kumasiyanitsidwa:

1. Njira yomwe imakhudza mitsempha ya m'mimba, yomwe ndi mtundu wapakati wa matenda.
2. Njira ndi chotupa chachikulu cha msempha ndi madipatimenti ake.
3. Njira yomwe imayamba mu mitsempha ya ziwongo.
4. Atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya nephrotic.
5. Njira yomwe imakhudza mitsempha yama mesenteric.
6. Matenda a mitsempha ya miyendo, amathandizanso endoarteritis.

Amasankhanso njirayi kutengera magawo a kukula kwa matendawo. Mumtundu wamtunduwu pali:

• gawo loyambirira,
• gawo latent
• Gawo la zizindikiro zazikulu zamankhwala.

Mu gawo lirilonse la matendawa, gawo lina la mbiri limayamba:

1. Pa gawo loyamba, ischemia lakuthwa zimakhala
2. Kachiwiri, kusintha kwa necrotic kumawonedwa
3. Mu gawo lomaliza la mbiri yakale, njira zowonongeka zimachitika.

Malinga ndi maphunziro azachipatala, magawo a kupita patsogolo, chikhululukiro ndi kuchulukitsidwa ndizosiyanitsidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, kusintha kowonjezereka kwa kusintha kwa atherosselotic kunatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi magawo amasinthidwe amikhalidwe:

Nkhani za owerenga athu

Kumenya matenda oopsa kunyumba. Patha mwezi kuchokera pamene ndayiwala za kupanikizika. O, momwe ndimayesera zonse - palibe chomwe chinathandiza. Ndi kangati kamene ndinapita kuchipatalako, koma ndinalandira mankhwala osapindulitsa kangapo konse, ndipo nditabwerako, madotolo adangokhala osagwirizana. Pomaliza, ndinalimbana ndi ziyesozi, ndipo zikomo zonse. Aliyense amene ali ndi mavuto opsinjika ayenera kuwerenga!

• kusintha kwa dolipid mu zamankhwala amwazi,
• lipid gawo lapansi
• sclerosis of formological
• nthawi ya atheromatosis.

Pa gawo lotsiriza, cholesterol plaque imawerengeka.

Atherosulinosis ndi njira ya pathological yokhala ndi chipatala cholemera komanso zizindikiro. Pathogenesis imaphatikizira magawo ambiri a mawonekedwe a pathological gawo.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amawonekera kudzera m'matenda a mtima. Ndiye kuti, IHD, corndary corndary syndromes, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakwanira. Kukula kopitiliza kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kulinso chikhalidwe.

Nthawi zambiri, mesenteric vascular thrombosis imayamba, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwapakati pamimba. Mavuto a atherosulinosis ndi kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa msempha ndi mtima wamiyendo.

Ndi kuwonongeka kwamitsempha ya impso, necrosis ya impso Corpuscle ndi mtima.

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha

Kodi kuthana ndi atherosulinosis?

Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumachitika ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wofunsa mtima ndi dokotala wa minyewa.

Chithandizo cha matendawa chikuyenera kukhala chokwanira komanso cholinga chake ndikupewa zotsatira zoyipa zingapo.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti aliyense payekha alandire chithandizo cha gulu lokalamba la odwala.

Mankhwala, zinthu zotsatirazi zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Njira zomwe zimakhudza kagayidwe ka lipid, ndiye kuti, mankhwalawa omwe ntchito yake ndi mulingo wa cholesterol yaulere ndi ma lipoprotein ena a atherogenic. Statins ndi gulu lothandiza la mankhwala lomwe lingathandize kwambiri wodwalayo kukhala wamoyo. Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa odwala kwa nthawi yayitali, myalgia imasokoneza.
2. Niacin amakhudza kamvekedwe ka mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo amathandizira kupumula kwawo.
3. Nitroglycerin imakuthandizani kuti muchotse zizindikiro za matenda a mtima.
4. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
5. Cardiotonic

Pokana kukakamizidwa, maopaleshoni a mtima amalowa. Wodwala akhoza kuperekedwa:

• kudutsa chotengera chomwe chikukhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chotengera cholimba, chifukwa chake pakapangidwa chitsime chatsopano, ndipo magaziwo amawabwezera.
• mtima endoprostheses,
• ntchito yowononga ya angioplastic, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikulowetsa catheter mu chombo chotengera cha akazi.

Mu nkhani yomaliza, njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi kujambula kwa video ya endoscopic. Atakwaniritsa cholinga, chotengera chimatsukidwa, ndipo magazi ake amayambiranso zokha.

Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis

Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis kumaphatikizapo njira zambiri zofunika.

Choyamba, odwala amalangizidwa kusintha kwambiri moyo wawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyesedwa kwathunthu kuchipatala.

Kupewa kwachiwiri kwa atherosclerosis kumaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kusintha kwa zakudya ndi kuphatikizidwa m'zakudya zam'mera, zakudya monga chimanga, nyama yotsikirako, kupatula zakudya zoyengedwa, zakudya zosavuta, mchere wambiri ndi wokazinga, wamafuta.
2. Kunenepa kulamulidwa ndizofunikira zenizeni, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusintha kwa malamulo kumapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ochepa komanso kuti magazi azithamanga, komanso kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa magazi. Kuti muchepetse thupi popanda kulemetsa thupi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
3. Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amasankhidwa malinga ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso gulu lake. Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta za bongo ndi mtima maulendo kangapo.
4. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa zovuta, wodwala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapakhomo, monga kupumula, kutikita minofu, kulowetserera mankhwala azitsamba.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kupewa kwachiwiri posachedwa kudzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito antibodies a monoclonal.

Njira zopewera zimasankhidwa ndi dokotala wa odwala.

Matenda a mtima komanso mikwingwirima ndizomwe zimayambitsa pafupifupi 70% ya imfa zonse padziko lapansi. Anthu asanu ndi awiri mwa anthu khumi amafa chifukwa chotseka mitsempha ya mtima kapena ubongo.

Choyipa chachikulu ndikuti anthu ambiri saganiza kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa. Ndipo amaphonya mwayi wokonza kena kake, kumadzipangitsa kufa.

• Mutu
• Zosangalatsa pamtima
• Madontho akuda patsogolo pa maso (ntchentche)
• Kupanda chidwi, kusakwiya, kugona
• Masomphenya opanda pake
• Kutukwana
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Kutupa kwa nkhope
• Nambala komanso chala chala
• Kupanikizika kumapitilira

Ngakhale chimodzi mwazizindikirozi chikuyenera kukupangitsani kuganiza. Ndipo ngati pali awiri, musazengereze - muli ndi matenda oopsa.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda oopsa pakakhala kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri?

Mankhwala ambiri sangachite bwino, ndipo ena amatha kupweteketsa! Pakadali pano, mankhwala okhawo ovomerezeka ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo pa mankhwalawa ndi awa.

Kuti Institute of Cardiology, pamodzi ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo, ikuchita pulogalamuyi “ wopanda matenda oopsa". Momwe mankhwalawo amapezeka ZAULERE, onse okhala mumzinda ndi dera!

Atherossteosis: gulu, mitundu yayikulu, chithandizo

State Educational Institution "Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Madokotala" a Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Chitukuko cha Anthu ku Chuvashia

Zilonda zam'mimba za Atherosulinotic ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi magazi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa imfa. Ndi chifukwa chake chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pophunzira komanso kufufuza njira zabwino zamankhwala. Kugawika kwa atherosulinosis ndi kwakukulu, kumayenderana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, kumene, magawo ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotupa za atherosulinotic.

Fomu ya metabolism

Fomuyi imatchedwanso alimentary. Atherosulinosis imayamba chifukwa chophwanya chakudya kapena mafuta kagayidwe. Izi zimachitika ndi zakudya zosayenera komanso zopanda thanzi kapena chifukwa chosowa mchere m'zakudya.

Izi zimaphatikizanso atherosulinosis yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi vuto la autoimmune - hypothyroidism, shuga mellitus, kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana.

Fomu yosakanizika

Kuphatikiza kwa hemodynamic ndi metabolic zomwe zimayambitsa atherosulinosis zimayambitsa matenda osakanikirana. Njira zomwe zimayambitsa atherosulinosis zimakhala ngati bwalo loipa. Kuwonongeka kwa magazi komwe kumayambitsa matenda kumayambitsa matenda osayenda bwino komanso kumakhudza kagayidwe koyipa.

Nawonso, metabolism yamafuta osayenera imatsogolera kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa magazi ndipo, chifukwa chake, imakwiyitsa mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi.

Pa kulumikizira kwamkati ziwiya, matanda amafuta ndi mawanga amayamba kupanga - zotsogola zamtsogolo zolemba zam'tsogolo.

Koma mafuta amankhwala - awa si matenda, pakadali pano mkhalidwe umadzichitira bwino podzikonza, malinga ndi kuwunika koyambirira.

Mitundu ya atherosulinosis mwa kuthekera

Kugawika kwina kumagawa atherosulinosis komwe kuli zotupa:

• coronary atherosulinosis (imakhudza mitsempha ya mtima),
• ubongo (umakhudza mitsempha yam'mimba),
• kusokoneza kufooka kwa madera akumunsi,
• zotupa aortic
• Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha,
• atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya brachiocephalic,
• multifocal atherosulinosis.

Iliyonse ya izo ili ndi zizindikiro zake, zapamwamba ndi njira.

Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha

Atherosclerotic zotupa za mitsempha ya mtima imadziwika ndi njira yayitali (yobisika). Zitha kupitilira chaka chimodzi kuchokera pa chiyambi cha mapangidwe ndikupanga khola lodziwika bwino la "atherosranceotic".

Zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika m'magazi m'mene magazi ake amasokonezeka modabwitsa. Amathandizana ndi angina kuukira, arrhythmias, kutupa kwa miyendo. Ntchito yamanzere yamitsempha yamtima imachepa, thupi limakula. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndizo infilction ya myocardial.

Matenda a mitsempha ya muubongo

Cerebral atherosulinosis imagawika m'magawo (kapena madigiri owonongeka):

• koyambirira, pamene zizindikiro zimawonekera kokha mchikakamizo cha zinthu zoyambitsa, ndipo zovuta zake zimagwira ntchito m'chilengedwe,
• pa gawo lachiwiri, a morphological omwe amalumikizana ndi zovuta zogwira ntchito, ndikuwonetsa matendawa kukulira,
• digiri yachitatu imadziwika ndi kuwukira kwa ischemic, zomwe zimatsogolera ku necrosis ya magawo ena a ubongo ndikuwonongeka kwa ntchito zawo.

Zina mwazizindikiro zazikulu ndi kusakhazikika mtima, kugona pang'ono, kuchepa kwa kukumbukira ndi luso la luntha. Chifukwa chamikwingwirima yaying'ono, paresis ndi ziwalo zimatha kukhazikika.

Atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zamiyendo

Chochititsa chachikulu pakupanga zotupa za ziwengo zamiyendo ndi mitsempha ya varicose ndi matenda a shuga. Zolemba za cholesterol zimaphimba thonje la mtsempha wamagetsi. Pachigawo choyambirira, zizindikiro monga kuzizirira komanso kuzizira kumadera akum'munsi zilipo. Otsatira nawo.

Momwe ma atherosulinosis omwe amawonongeka amakula, mawonekedwe a mapazi amasintha - amakhala wotuwa. Pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwa tsitsi pamwendo womwe wakhudzidwa kumayima, kukula kwa msomali kumachepetsa. Potsiriza, madera a necrosis amawonekera. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndizozilonda.

Thoracic atherosulinosis

Zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zilipo mu thoracic aorta - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi ma virus omwe amawononga endothelium. Apa, mafuta omwe amafunika kwambiri, komwe ma atherosulinotic malo amapangira.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chotengera, chiwonetsero cha matenda a atherosulinosis chimachitika makamaka muukalamba, pamene mtsempha wamagazi umataya mphamvu yake ndikusintha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa calcium. Kutengera ndi malo omwe lumen ya thoracic aorta imapinda, mtima kapena ubongo zimavutika. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zimawonekeranso.

Atherosulinosis yam'mimba

M'mimba msempha umagawika pawiri. Malo omwe nthambi ndi malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri. Ndi ma occlusion mwa zolembera zam'mitsempha yama mesenteric, pali kuphwanya kwam magazi m'matumbo ndi ziwalo za m'chiuno.

Zizindikiro zoyambazo ndikumvekera "kwakumayenda" kuzungulira msomali, kuchepa thupi komanso kumatulutsa nthawi zonse komanso kudzimbidwa. Ischemia wam'mimba imayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono poizoni wa thupi, kusokonezeka kwa minofu yam'mimba komanso kusanza kwambiri.

Kuperewera kwa thupi kumayambitsa kusabereka, mwa abambo - mavuto ndi moyo wogonana. Atherosulinosis yam'mimba imakhala yodzaza ndi matumbo a m'matumbo, kutsekeka kwamatumbo komanso magazi.

Matenda a ziwongo za impso

Pachigawo choyamba cha atherosulinosis, mawanga am'mafuta amapezeka m'mitsempha yama impso, yomwe imasandulika kukhala mafupa am'manja. Izi zimachitika popanda chizindikiro. Plaques pang'onopang'ono imakulira ndi minyewa yolumikizana, kutsekeka ndi lumen ya ziwiya. Ndipo pokhapokha zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa zimayamba kuwonekera.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa kwambiri za aimpso kugaya magazi ndi matenda a vasorenal. Amadutsa digiri yoyamba, ndikuphunzira kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosakhazikika.

Ngati mitsempha yonse imagwidwa ndi pathological process, matenda oopsa amakhala oopsa. Mavuto pokodza, kufooka komanso kulimbikira mutu kumalumikizana ndi ziwonetsero zambiri. Msana wakumbuyo ndi m'mimba zimatha kupweteka.

Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha ya brachiocephalic (BCA)

Thunthu la brachiocephalic ndi gulu la mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka ubongo ndi lamba. Izi zimaphatikizapo makamaka carotid, subclavian and vertebral artery. BCA atherosulinosis ndi amodzi mwa malo otsogola pakati pa zotupa zonse za atherosulinotic.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya sclerosis ya BCA:

• osakomoka, ndiye kuti, sikuchepetsa kuunika kwa chotengera,
• stenosing pamene chidacho chimachepa ndi 70% kapena chotsekedwa kwathunthu ndi cholembera cha atherosrance.

Njira yopanda stenotic ndikumapangidwa kwamagulu amafuta m'mitsempha yamagazi omwe amangoyendetsa magazi. Kutseka ndi mapangidwe opanga mapangidwe ake kumabweretsa matenda a ischemia ndi sitiroko ndipo kumafunikira kuthandizidwa mwachangu.

Non-stenotic atherosulinosis ya BCA imatha kukhala asymptomatic, pomwe singathe 50% ya botilo isatseke.

Kapenanso zitha kukhala zizindikiro kuti wodwalayo samatanthauzira kufunikira kwakanthawi - kutopa, kusokonezeka, chizungulire, kudzindikira kwa zala.

Komabe, pakapita nthawi, zizindikirazi zimayamba kutchulidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njirayi imayamba kuzama kwambiri ndikudutsanso.

Multifocal atherosulinosis

Chifukwa chake mankhwala amatchedwa generalised atherosulinotic lesion of the mitsempha. Pathology imagwira pafupi ndimadziwe onse amitsempha. Pafupifupi theka la milandu, siziphatikizidwa ndi zodziwikiratu, ndipo ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu cha fomu ya multifocal.

Poyamba, matendawa amadziwika m'malo amodzi, pang'onopang'ono amatenga mbali zatsopano za mitsempha. Ndi nthawi yatsopanoyi yomwe sikuwonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa choteteza thupi, komwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi azithamanga - magazi ake. Ngati "sap" yamasamba olimba ikapangidwa bwino, nthawi ya asymptomatic imatha nthawi yayitali.

Koma ndi kufalikira kwa atherosulinosis, Zizindikiro zakuwonongeka kwa ma coronary, mitsempha ya magazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi m'miyendo imayamba kuonekera. Ndi zotsatirapo zonse zotsatirazi.

Kugawidwa malinga ndi ICD-10 ndi A.L. Myasnikov

Pa gulu la matenda padziko lonse, atherosulinosis imagawika nthawi kapena magawo akukulidwe.

1. Njira ya pathological imalipiridwa mokwanira ndi kuphatikizika kwamasungidwe amkati a thupi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati tili ndi nkhawa. Kupumira pang'ono, kumva kutopa, paresis yocheperako imawonekera.
2. Kulipira kosakwanira kumayambira gawo lachiwiri la matendawa, pomwe zizindikiro zake zimamveka mosasamala kanthu zolimbitsa thupi.
3. Gawo lolandiridwalo likuwonetsedwa pakupumula ndi kuzizira, kupweteka, edema yam'mawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi likutaya chitetezo chake.
4. Gawo lowumbidwalo limawonetsedwa ndi magazi osayenda, kuledzera komanso minofu ya ischemic. Mu ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa, kupweteka kwambiri kumayamba. Chitetezo chokwanira chimachepetsedwa ndipo maluwa okhala pathogenic amayamba.

Katswiri wamtima waku Soviet A.L. Myasnikov adatchulapo atherosulinosis chimodzimodzi, pofotokoza momwe zimachitika m'matumbo:

1. Nthawi mpaka nthendayo itadzipangitsa yokha kumverera. Zosintha zitha kudziwika pofufuza zothandiza.
2. Malo omwe mafuta amapangika m'matumba amayamba kuwonongeka, ndipo malo omwe amatupa amakula ndi minyewa yolumikizana, ndikupanga bala. Nthawi ya ischemic yamatenda imabwera. Kuwala kwa mitsempha kumachepa, kupatsirana kwa magazi ndi ziwalo zamagetsi kumacheperachepera.
3. Mafuta amaundana ndi banga lakuzizira, ndikupanga magazi kapena embolus. Amakulirakulira ndikuwongolera kwambiri chotengera. Pali chiopsezo chotalikirana cha thrombus. Gawo limatchedwa kuti thrombonecrotic. Kuopsa kwa vuto la mtima komanso sitiroko kumawonjezeka.
4. Gawo lachi sclerotic limadziwika ndi mapangidwe a khungu pamalo otupa a khoma lamitsempha. Mitsempha singathe kuthana ndi thanzi la ziwalo, ischemia ndi necrotization ya minofu yawo imachitika.

Gawo loyamba la atherosclerosis - kupanga mawanga amafuta - kumatha kuyamba ali aang'ono kwambiri. Osanyalanyaza zizindikiro zake zoyambirira. Pakadali pano, matendawa amachiritsidwa kwathunthu. Ndipo ngati mungayang'anire njirayi, atherosclerosis sikuvutikitsani ngakhale kukalamba.

Kodi ndi kusintha kotani komwe kumachitika khoma lamadzi?

Pathogenesis ya matendawa ndi kuphwanya koyenera kwa otsika osalimba lipoproteins (LDL) ndi mkulu kachulukidwe (HDL). Amasinthanitsa cholesterol kuti ikwaniritse m'njira yogwira kuti ilowe mu kapangidwe ka mahomoni ndi phospholipids a thupi. Koma ngati ubale pakati pa HDL ndi LDL wasokonekera ngati 4 mpaka 1, ma enzymes ogwiritsira ntchito amalephera ndipo mafuta oyipa amalowa mu dziwe lozungulira.

Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe akunyamula anthu okwera kwambiri amakhala ndi lipid yolumikizira ku minofu ya adipose kapenanso amangoichotsa panja.

Ndi kusalingalira bwino, kumayamba kusowa, kotero ma metabolites amachedwa njira yonse, makamaka mkati mwa choroid - iyi ndiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kukula kwa zosintha zomwe sizingasinthe sikuchitika nthawi yomweyo;

• Gawo la Dolipid. Tsopano palibe kusintha kapena kusakanikirana koteroko, kutupa kochepa pang'ono kwa mucoid, hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi) ndikukula kwakowonjezereka kwa khoma la khungu. Koma tsopano, zinthu zowopsa - kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga, matenda a chithokomiro, kusuta, kukhala moyo wokhazikika, kuthamanga kwa magazi - ayambe kukulitsa vutoli ndipo chilichonse chikuyandikira gawo lotsatira.
• Lipid gawo, lipoidosis. Mafuta akalowa mu cell, amasiya ntchito ndikuyankha mosavomerezeka. Chigoba chotupa tsopano chili ndi thovu loyipa, ndipo khungu lenilenilo limatchedwa xanthoma, lomwe limamasulira kuti "chikasu." Ndi diso lamaliseche, mutha kuwona malo amafuta ndi mitsempha yomwe imakwirira chotengera. Ngakhale panthawiyi, nkhondo yolimbana ndi atherosulinosis imatha kuchitika ndi njira zamankhwala. Kupewa kudzathandizanso kuti tisadikire kuti chitukuko cha matenda chizipezekanso.

Gawo lotsiriza ndi atheromatosis komanso zovuta zina. Pamene kulowetsedwa kuli kale m'chipindacho, makulidwe amomwe thupi limayambira, omwe amakulitsa izi. Kuphatikiza kwamapulatifiti patsamba la atherosulinosis kumabweretsa kupindika komanso kupitiriza kukoka, kufalikira kwa lumen.

Kumera kwa fayilo ya fibrin kumapangitsa kuti minyewa yapadera isokore, ndipo m'malo mwake mumakhala tinthu tomwe timalumikizidwa. Zotsatira zake, kapangidwe kameneka kamatha kutuluka ndimchere wamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala opaleshoni. Kugundika kwa chotengeracho ndikothekanso, komwe kungakhale ndi chubu yayikulu kwambiri, monga msempha, pafupifupi kumabweretsa imfa.

Mwina zilonda zam'mimba.

Gulu lamakono la atherosulinosis

Gawoli limatengera mfundo zachikhalidwe cha zolembazo.

Zotsatira zake ndi chithandizo chake zimadalira malo oyang'ana kwambiri.

Dera lachitukuko liyenera kuganiziridwanso mukazindikira vuto.

Madera akuluakulu owonongeka akuphatikizapo:

1. Aorta. Poterepa, chotupa chachikulu kwambiri ndicho chotengera cha thupi la munthu. Chifukwa cha izi, amasiya kutanuka, kuthekera kwake kuyankha mosintha kusintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Khomalo limakhala lolimba komanso lophwanyika. Nthawi zambiri ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa matendawa, kutsika, kuthamanga kwa diastoli kumakwera, chifukwa kukana kwa kutuluka kwa magazi kumachuluka. Zotsatira zomwe zingakhalepo ndizowopsa kwa matenda oopsa, aortic aneurysm ndi kupasuka kwake.
2. Mitsempha yama coronary. Izi ndi ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa mtima - chiwalo chimodzi chomadyedwa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi michere ndi mpweya. Mitsempha yamagazi ikayamba kuchepa, hypoxia imachulukanso, ikudutsa kuwonongeka kwa ischemic. Izi zimabweretsa matenda akuluakulu a okalamba - myocardial infarction.
3. Ubongo. Ngati atherosclerosis ikupezeka mu dziwe la chotupa chachikulu kapena chamkati cha m'mimba, komanso vertebral, amalankhula za mawonekedwe ake a chithokomiro. Zizindikiro pamenepa sizingadziwonekere msanga, koma kumawerengeka - kukumbukira pang'ono, kugona, kugwirizanitsa, kugwira ntchito mwanzeru. Mphamvu za thrombogenic zama atherosselotic zolembera zimatha kuyambitsa matenda am'matumbo a stromboembolism, ischemic stroke.

Komanso, gawo limodzi mwamagawo owonongeka ndi ziwiya zamiyendo. Atherosclerosis obliterans ya m'munsi malekezero amabweretsa wodwalayo chisangalalo chifukwa cha chizindikiro chake chotchulidwa cha ululu.

Physiology ndiye kuchotsedwa kwina kwa asidi kuchokera kumisempha ya miyendo, yomwe imapangidwa pambuyo pochita zolimbitsa thupi ngati chochita chokha. Izi makamaka lactic acid. Wodwala chotere sangathe kuyenda mtunda wautali chifukwa cha ululu wosapweteka womwe umadutsa pambuyo posiya.

M'magulu apamwamba, ululu umakhalapo kuzungulira kolokoyo ndipo umakulirakulira usiku, ndipo nthambiyo imakutidwa ndi zotupa zofiira ndi zotupa.

M'mbuyomu, izi zinali zisonyezo zachindunji zakuduladula, koma masiku ano pali njira zamakono zothandizira kupewetsa minofu yofewa.

Zolemba za matendawa ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso

Mwina kukula kwa matenda mu mtima dongosolo la impso.

Arteriarenalis, yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita ku impso, imakhala ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri magazi kuti asasinthe. Chifukwa chake, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kusintha.

Mwanjira imeneyi, matenda oopsa a vasorenal amayamba - kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chizindikiro choterechi ndi chenjezo loyamba pachitukuko cha atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya impso.

Mitsempha yama mesenteric imathanso kukhudzidwa. Thrombosis yamitsempha yamagazi athunthu iyi yomwe imadyetsa matumbo mosavutikira imayambitsa kutupika kwakukulu - matumbo a m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi "mkanda wam'mimba" - ululu wowopsa m'mimba, wofanana ndi colic.

Pa kuchuluka kwa zotupa, gulu limakhala motere:

• Zofotokozedwa mwapang'onopang'ono (mpaka 6% ya makulidwe onse a khoma, mpaka 12% ya malo a endothelium, ndipo mpaka kotala la chotengera m'litali limaphatikizidwa ndi njira ya pathological).
• Zambiri (zosakwana 50% ya khoma lonse lakhudzidwa).
• Adatulutsidwa (kulowa mkati mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa 50% ya makulidwe, motero).

Achipatala ayenera kudziwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya ischemic kwapita pati.

Kutengera ndi izi, magulu azachipatala ali motere.

Kusintha kwa ziwalo zofunika sikofunikira, koma madera owonongeka a ischemic amawonedwa. Stenosis yayikulu, magazi amayenda pang'onopang'ono.

Kutengera ndi kukhalapo kwa thrombosis, pali necrosis yaying'ono komanso yayikulu, mawonetseredwe azachipatala kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe akujambulazo, zovuta kuzindikiritsa chizindikiro. Vascular fibrosis ndi chandamale chothandizira kulephera. Zilonda zimawoneka pamaso pawo, zotupa m'mimba, parenchyma.

Chithandizo ndi kupewa matendawa

Asanaganize za njirayo ndikuchiritsa wodwala, katswiriyo amamulembera mayeso apadera a labotale komanso othandiza.

Amapereka mwayi wotenga chidziwitso chokwanira cha chitukuko cha matendawa.

Mukamayesedwa dziwani komwe malo, kuwonongeka ndi zambiri zofunikira m'mbiri ya zamankhwala.

Kuzindikira kumachitika m'njira zotsatirazi:

1. Kutolere deta, madandaulo a odwala ndi kuwunikira ambiri.
2. Kuyesa kwa magazi a biochemical kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, HDL, LDL, ma chylomicrons, ozungulira mozungulira ma triglycerides, zodziwitsa zowonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zimayang'aniridwa (mapapu, chiwindi, impso, mtima, ubongo).
3. Ultrasonography (ultrasound) pogwiritsa ntchito Doppler. Njira imeneyi imapangitsa kuti mudziwe komwe kudayambira, kuchuluka kwake, momwe akutukukira, kuchuluka kwa stenosis, kufunikira kwa kayendedwe ka magazi, kuthamanga kwake, komanso zinthu zina zamagazi.
4. Angiography monga kukonzekera kulowererapo kwa ma opaleshoni, chifukwa ndi iyo, mawonekedwe amodzi amomwe amapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi amawonekera.
5. Minofu yofewa MRI.

Ngati matenda ayamba msanga, ndiye kuti kupewetsa kuchita zinthu moyenera kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira. Zimaphatikizanso kusiya kusuta, kudya mankhwala ambiri a antioxidants monga mavitamini, CHIKWANGWANI, kugwiritsa ntchito prophylactic pamiyeso yaying'ono ya mowa kuti asungunuke zolemba za atherosselotic, zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, kusintha magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba - wowerengeka azitsamba minofu ndi ma decoctions.

Ngati matendawo apita kutali ndipo ali ndi mavuto ambiri, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Cholesterol mayamwidwe inhibitors (cholestyramine).
• Zoletsa za kaphatikizidwe ndi kusuntha kwa cholesterol m'thupi (Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin) ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ya mankhwala ndi umboni wambiri.
• Zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kake ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwa cholesterol kuchokera m'thupi (Essentiale).
• Mankhwala omwe amasankha magazi ochepa a triglycerides (Fenofibrate, Nicotinic acid).
• Direct antioxidants (tocopherol - vitamini E, ascorbic acid - vitamini C).
• Ma antioxidants osadziwika (methionine, glutamic acid).
• Angioprotectors (Prodectin, Dicinon, Quertin).

Mankhwala opaleshoni ya atherosulinosis omwe ali ndi mwayi wambiri wopatsa mphamvu wodwalayo pakuwopseza, ndikumusiya pambuyo pake kuwongolera zakudya ndikusungabe ziwiya zofunikira. Opaleshoni ndi balloon angioplasty kapena stenting.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndikugawana kwa atherosulinosis zafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Mitundu ya atherosclerosis m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa

Kuphatikiza kwakukulu komanso kofunikira kwambiri kwamatumbo a atherosulinotic ndi kutengera kwawo. Ziwalo zamtundu uliwonse kapena magulu azombo amadziwika ndi awo madandaulo apadera, Zizindikiro za matendawa, komanso machitidwe ake mankhwalawo.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti "sclerosis" ndi "atherosulinosis" wamba ndizinthu ziwiri zosiyana.

Classical sclerosis ndi cholowa m'malo mwa chiwalo china chothandizira minofu yolumikizidwa, chomwe sichitha kuchita ziwalo zina ndipo chimangotseka cholakwika chakomweko.

Atherossteosis, imakhala njira yokhazikika pamatumbo omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale mafupa a cholesterol.

Ubongo ndi khosi

Ndi chilengedwe, mitsempha ya extracranial, ziwiya zazikulu za khosi, zomwe zimadutsa m'matumbo a ziwalo ndi ma vertebral mtsempha zimakhudzidwa makamaka.

Zizindikiro zitha kudzitchinjiriza, madandaulo akulu padzakhala chizungulire, cephalgia, kusokonezeka kwa tulo, khungu la nkhope, kuphwanya kwamaso ndi kutentha kwa nkhope ndi khosi, kumverera kwa "kugunda", kukomoka ndi kukomoka, kupweteka m'khosi. Matendawa amadutsa m'magawo atatu a chitukuko chake.

Mu gawo loyambirira, Zizindikiro zimawonekera pokhapokha chifukwa cha zoyambitsa (mothandizidwa ndi ntchito yayikulu yakuthupi kapena yamisala, ndikuwopseza matenda oopsa). Mu gawo lachiwiri, matendawa amatha kuonekera pamankhwala - masinthidwe am'mitsempha amatchulidwa kwambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera ngakhale pakupuma.

Gawo lachitatu la chikhalidwe cha zovuta kwambiri - kuvutikira kwakanthawi kumawonekera, chiopsezo chokhala ndi ischemic stroke chikukula.

Am'munsi ndi miyendo yam'mwamba

Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, atherosulinosis ya m'munsi kapena yapamwamba kwambiri. Mtundu wamatendawa ndiwodziwika bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda a shuga kapena mitsempha ya varicose. Ndi matenda awa, ntchito zingapo zam'mimba ndi ma microcirculation zimasokonekera. Mu pathogenesis ya atherosulinosis yamitsempha yam'miyendo, zotupa zamkati ndi zotupa zam'mimba zimadziwika, chifukwa chomwe malekezero ochepa samalandira magazi athunthu. Kwa miyendo yakumtunda, malo ena amtundu wa atherosulinotic ndi mitsempha ya m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Khalidwe longa la asymptomatic, ndiye kuti pali kuphwanya kwamvekedwe, kumva kuzizira m'miyendo, kugwedezeka, dzanzi, ndi chitukuko cha matenda, khungu la miyendo limatha kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Kutengera ndi kuya kwa chotupa ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa, mawonekedwe amtunduwu ali ndi magawo anayi.

• Gawo loyamba. Kuyenda kosayenda mtunda woposa kilomita imodzi. Ululu m'miyendo imawonekera pokhapokha mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Gawo lachiwiri. Iagawika m'mitundu iwiri: a) Kuyenda mopanda chisoni kuchokera pa 250 mita kupita ku kilomita (yabwino) ndi b) Kuyenda kosapweteka kuyambira 50 mpaka 250 mamita (osavomerezeka).
• Gawo lachitatu. Ili ndiye gawo la zochita za ischemic. Ndi iye, ngakhale kuyenda pang'ono, osachepera 50 metres, kumayambitsa kupweteka, kusasangalala komanso kupweteka kumapuma ndizotheka.
• Gawo lachinayi. Ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri (atherosulinosis) lam'munsi, komwe kusintha kosasintha mu ziwalo kumachitika. Madera a Necrotic amapangidwa, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha gangrene.

Ndi mtundu uwu wa atherosulinosis, zotupa zimapezeka mu chotengera chachikulu kwambiri cha thupi - mu msempha. Chifukwa cha mainchesi osiyanasiyana a chotengera ichi, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, zizindikiro za matenda sizimakhazikika nthawi yomweyo. Ngati njirayi ili padera pamimba kapena pamtunda wamtunda, Zizindikiro zake ndizoyenera. Ngati chidwi chili m'chifuwa kapena mu chipilala, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zakuwonongeka zidzachokera kumtunda wakuthupi - mutu, khosi, manja, ndi mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, njira ya atherosselotic imatha kuchoka ku thoracic aorta kupita ku makoma a maaligor aortic ndi mitral.

Ngati atherosulinosis yapanga pakhoma la m'mimba msempha, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a occlusive, zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimapweteka m'chigawo cha umbilical, ischemia yam'mimba, zizindikiro za dyspeptic, kuledzera, kusokonezeka kwa minofu ya khoma lam'mimba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chophwanya magazi m'matumbo ndi ziwalo za m'chifuwa. Mavuto ambiri ndizotulutsa magazi m'matumbo, matumbo a matumbo, chotchinga.

Zambiri za atherosulinosis ya thoracic ndi m'mimba msempha

Mitsempha ya mtima

Ndi mtundu uwu wa atherosulinosis, cholinga cha matenda a m'mitsempha yama mtima. Perfusion minofu ya mtima yafupika, ischemia ndipo, chifukwa chake, matenda a mtima oopsa amapezeka. Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu ndizopweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum, zikugwedeza kumanzere, phewa lamapewa ndi m'munsi mwa nsagwada. Ululu umayimitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nitroglycerin.

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha atherosulinosis a aimpso minofu ndi chimodzimodzi monga zina wamba. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwawo, chinthu chophatikizika kwambiri ndi matenda a vasorenal. Impso ndi gawo lofunikira la renin-angiotensin dongosolo - gulu lazinthu zomwe zimayendetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati ikwera kwambiri, mitsempha ya impso imayankha izi ndikuyamba njira zovomerezeka kuti ichepetse. Koma pamene mtima wa impso ukukhudzidwa ndi atherosulinosis, kuthekera kwapadera koteroko kayendedwe ka magazi kumatayika.

Ngati matenda amapezeka mu impso imodzi, ndiye chachiwiri, chathanzi, chimapereka chitetezo chochepa kwambiri mthupi ndikugwira ntchito za woweruza wa magazi. Kulimbikira kwamankhwala okhalitsa, ngakhale amakula, koma ndi ochulukirapo, athanso komanso amathandizika pakuchiritsa. Nthawi inanso, impso zonse zikasokonekera nthawi imodzi, mkhalidwe wamavuto umakhala wovuta kwambiri - matenda oopsa amakhala osagwirizana, olakwika komanso ovuta kuyimira pakati.

Mitsempha yama carotid

Nthawi zambiri, atherosulinosis imawonekera m'malo obisika - kuchuluka kwa zombo zazikulu. M'madera oterewa, vortex komanso chipwirikiti cha kayendedwe ka magazi zimachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol ayike pamakoma ndikuyika endothelium. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mitsempha ya carotid imagawika m'magulu awiri akulu - kunja ndi mkati. Pamalo opangira bifurcation, njira ya atherosulinotic nthawi zambiri imayamba.

Pambuyo gawo loyambirira la chitukuko cha matenda, zizindikiro zoyambirira zamankhwala zimayamba kuonekera. Iwo ali ofanana ndi zizindikiro za atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya muubongo. Choyamba, pali zodandaula za machitidwe osokoneza khungu - kumva ndi kuwonera, tinnitus, khungu la khungu ndi nkhope, mutu, kukomoka.

M'mapapu, ma atherosselotic njira zimayamba makamaka m'mitsempha yayikulu yam'mapapo. Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa magazi mu bwalo laling'onong'ono kumasokonezedwa pang'onopang'ono, matenda oopsa a pulmonary.

Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za kutalika kwa matendawa ndi kupuma movutikira, kupweteka pachifuwa, kutsokomola kosalekeza kwa etiology yosadziwika bwino, kutopa, kufooka, komanso cyanosis ya khungu la chifuwa. Pangakhale chithandizo chokwanira komanso chapanthawi yake, kuyambiranso kumayamba.

Mitsempha yama brachiocephalic

Izi subtype matendawa amaphatikizapo atherosulinotic zotupa za brachiocephalic thunthu. Mitsempha ya kuderako imadutsira mkati mwa khosi komanso lamba. Ndipo imapatsa ubongo, khungu lofika kumtunda kwa thupi, komanso ziwalo zina za chifuwa. Ponena za kuchuluka, atherosclerosis yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mzere wotsogolera. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumagawika m'magulu awiri - stenosis atherosulinosis ya BCA, momwe stenosis ya lumen ya chotengera imaposa 50%, ndipo osakhala stenotic - motero, pomwe lumen ya chombo imakhala yoposa theka.

Mtundu wosakhala wonunkha nthawi zonse umasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono mpaka kununkha. Chizindikiro cha njirayi chikhale chowonjezera komanso kukulira kwa zizindikiro. Patency ya chotengera ikasokonekera pang'ono ndipo ikhoza kugwira ntchito zomwe yapatsidwa, zizindikirazo zimakhala zopanda kapena zopanda pake, osadziyang'anira.Kutopa kwakanthawi, kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi kupindika, chizungulire, kumva kugontha ndi khungu la manja, khosi ndi nkhope - zonsezi zimatha kukhala zizindikiro zosadziwika za mitsempha ya mitsempha ya brachiocephalicode.

Zombo zamakutu

Nthawi zambiri yachiwiri. Zowonekera bwino kokha ndi mawonekedwe a stenotic, pamene lumen ya ziwiya za khutu imapindika kuposa theka. Kuphatikizika ndi matenda a ubongo wa ubongo ndiofala, kotero madandaulo azofanana.

Chizindikiro chachikulu ndicho tinnitus, pakhoza kukhalanso mutu, kukomoka, chizungulire, komanso kusowa tulo.

Retina

Kugonjetsedwa kwa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yam'mimba imadziwika pamaso pa matenda am'mbuyo monga matenda oopsa kapena matenda ashuga. Pakuphunzira za fundus, zisindikizo, ma waya opunduka, komanso ma capillaries a caliber osiyanasiyana atsimikiza. Izi ndichifukwa choti bedi lam'mimba la retina ndi limodzi mwa zoyambirira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oopsa oopsa. Atherosclerosis ya ocularization wa ocular nthawi zambiri ndi yachiwiri.

Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yakumaso ndi kumverera kwa "chifunga" patsogolo pa maso.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za atherosulinosis ya mesenteric (matumbo) mitsempha ndi:

• Ululu wamatsenga womwe umakhazikika kumtunda wapakati kapena wapakati pa khoma lamkati lakumbuyo. Imatchulidwa makamaka mutatha kudya. Nthawi - yoposa ola limodzi.
• Zizindikiro za Dyspeptic. Amadziwika ndi payekha - mwa odwala ena amawonetsedwa ndi kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi, mwa ena - kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kutulutsa kwamimba.

Ndi kutengera kwa atherosulinosis m'matumbo, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimawonongeka pamimba.

Mbolo

Atherosulinosis ya ziwiya za mbolo imadziwonetsa yokha osati makamaka ndipo imasunthika kwambiri ndi ma pathologies ena a kubereka.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi am'mimba, uchembele, kulepheretsa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zogonana, komanso kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kake kosakwanira kungayambike.

Multifocal lesion

Multifocal maphunziro a matenda amadziwika ndi munthawi yomweyo kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yama ziwalo zingapo ndi machitidwe. Zizindikiro zitha kuphatikizidwa, mawonekedwe amodzi mwatsatanetsatane.

Chithandizo chimasankhidwa payekha.

Gulu la Alexander Myasnikov

A. L. Myasnikov ndi katswiri wotsogola kwambiri wama Soviet yemwe, mu ntchito zake zambiri zasayansi, adaphunzira mitundu ya atherosulinosis. Anawerengera zamitsempha zam'mimba motengera zomwe zimachitika m'mitsempha.

Waukulu chakudya Otsatirawa:

1. Nthawi yoyamba yamatendawa imakhala yoyambirira. Zizindikiro sizikupezeka, ndizosatheka kuti tidziwe momwe matenda a pathological amachitikira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Zosintha zimawonetsedwa pokhapokha pazidziwitso za labotale ndi zidziwitso zofufuzira.
2. Mafuta omwe amapangika m'matombo amachititsa chidwi cha kutukusira kwanuko. Izi zidutswa za khoma lamitsempha zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachisawawa, ndipo khungu lolumikizana limapangika. Nthawi yamatendawa imatchedwanso "ischemic." Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa makoma amitsempha kumachepetsedwa, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ma microcirculation kumasokonezedwa pang'onopang'ono.
3. Masamba a Thrombotic amasonkhana m'malo ophatikizika ndi lipid impregnation, cholesterol yatsopano komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu za magazi zimatsata. Mitundu yayikulu ya magazi. Kusintha kwa hemodynamic (kudumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, zochitika zodetsa nkhawa), pamakhala chiopsezo chokwanira kwambiri chokhudzana ndi chotengera komanso kupatulidwa kwa magazi amtunduwu - kuwonekera kwa vuto la mtima kapena kugunda kwa mtima.
4. Gawo lachinayi la gulu malinga ndi A. Myasnikov adalandira dzina "sclerotic." Pakadali pano, khoma lowu lamkati limasinthidwa ndi minofu yolumikizana - mawonekedwe amtundu.Pambuyo pake, ziwiya zomwe zakhudzidwa sizingathenso kusewera kwathunthu - zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ischemic ndi necrotic.

Ndi mtundu uti wa atherosulinosis womwe umalemala

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha chilema ndi mkhalidwe womwe munthu amalephera kudzisamalira, kufikira kulumala. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa kulumala, magulu opuwala amagawika m'magulu atatu.

Ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima bongo, gulu la olumala limapatsidwa milandu itatu:

• pambuyo pa sitiroko yaying'ono,
• Pambuyo pachimake kufalikira kwa magazi,
• ndi kusintha kwa msempha stenosis kapena aneurysm yolumikizana ndi atherosulinosis.

Iliyonse mwa mikhalidwe iyi ndi yovuta kuchitira ndipo imabweretsa kulumala komwe kungachitike.

Atherosulinosis ndi njira yofananira yophwanya lipid ya magazi. miyendo yotsika. Kodi kupunduka ndikuyenera pankhaniyi, komanso momwe mungakonzere? Inde kugonangati matendawa atha kukhala osalamulirika komanso ovuta kuwonongedwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kufalikira kwa minyewa ya mwendo, kugunda kwa mtima, aneurysm, micostroke, ndi stroke. Gulu la olumala limatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha ndipo limakokedwa molingana ndi umboni komanso kutuluka kwa adotolo.

Kusavomerezeka kwa lipid ndikosavuta kupewa kuposa kuwachiritsa. Ndikofunika kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, kutsogoza moyo wogwiritsa ntchito, kuyesedwa ndikuyang'anira thanzi lanu. Posakhalitsa matenda atapezeka, amakonda kwambiri matendawo.

Zokambirana pa pathophysiology / Pathophysiology of atherosulinosis

Atherosulinosis ndi njira yodziwika bwino yokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndikuwonetsedwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa lipids, zovuta zam'mimba, cholesterol, zinthu zamagazi, calcium komanso kuchuluka kwa minofu yolumikizana (akatswiri a World Health Organisation). Atherosulinosis ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wamapangidwe am'mitsempha yamagazi omwe amawononga ziwiya za zotanuka komanso zotsekemera. Atherosclerosis ndiofala ku Europe ndi North America, makamaka ku Africa ndi Asia. Malinga ndi I.V.Davydovsky, njirayi imayamba adakali aang'ono. Njira ya atherosulinotic imakhudza ziwiya zam diameter zingapo (kuchokera ku aorta mpaka capillaries). Fibrosis kapena kuwerengetsa kwamitsempha yamagazi kumayamba pang'onopang'ono, kumakhala kokhazikika, kutsika, kupindika kwake kumaphwanyidwa. Zombo zotere sizitha kuyankha mokwanira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito ake. Pomaliza, zotengera izi zimatsekedwa, ischemia, hypoxia, infarction ya myocardial imayamba. Matenda otengera njira ya atherosulinotic ndizomwe zimayambitsa kulemala komanso kufa.

Njira zopangira atherosulinosis

Kafukufuku yemwe anachitika m'zaka za zana la 20 pa kafukufuku wamatenda a atherosulinosis kwapangitsa kuti pakhale mfundo zambiri zomwe zimafotokoza njira zoyambira izi.

Kufotokozera pathogenesis ya atherosulinosis, malingaliro atatu aperekedwa patsogolo:

1. Chiphunzitso cha hypercholesterolemia

2. Kuphatikiza ziphunzitso

3. Chiphunzitso cha kuwonongeka kwa khoma

Malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi, kukula kwa atherosulinosis kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa zinthu zambiri mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa hyperlipemia ndi hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol yowonjezera imapangitsa kulowetsedwa kwa mzere wamkati wamtundu wamtundu, edema, kusintha kwa dystrophic kumayamba. Mu 1912 S.S.Khalatov ndi N.N. Anichkov anaikira kumbuyo chiphunzitso cha exer native hypercholesterolemia. Amabweretsa kalikiliki wa 0,5 g / kg kuchokera kwa akalulu powadyetsa ndi mazira ndipo pakatha miyezi yochepa nyama zimatengera atherosclerosis. Awa ndi malingaliro a exer native hypercholesterolemia, chiphunzitso chamamu.Kuti atsimikizire lingaliro ili, maphunziro owopsa am'magulu a anthu anachitika, zakudya zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi zakudya zam'mera (India) ndi zakudya zazinyama (ngamira zamkaka - Africa). Omaliza adavumbulutsa zochitika za atherosulinosis pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri, 1 gramu ya cholesterol imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, 5 mM / lita imodzi imakhala m'magazi. Koma kuti atherosulinosis ichitike, munthu ayenera kudya magalamu 10 a cholesterol patsiku. Cholesterol imatha kupanga thupi palokha (mpaka 5 g / tsiku). Chifukwa chake, chiphunzitso cha amkati hypercholesterolemia chinabuka. Cholesterol imapangidwa m'chiwindi kuchokera kumapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya.

Ma squirrel Krebs Cycle

ACCOA Mafuta a Ketone Bodies

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi a cholesterol awonjezeke. Atherosulinosis ndi matenda achitukuko. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa njirayi limaseweredwa ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - kupsinjika, neurosis. Udindo wa zochitika zopsinjika unatsimikiziridwa mu nthawi ya autopsy ya aku South Korea omwe anamwalira mu nkhondo. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mpunga muzakudya zawo, kusintha kwakukulu kwa mitsempha ya magazi kunapezeka. Udindo wazinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu umatsimikiziridwa ndikuwonekeratu kwa kusintha kwa ziwopsezo m'mitsempha yamagazi m'mizinda komanso anthu ogwira ntchito mwaluso.

Adrenaline - Adenylate - - cAMP - lipase spasm vasavasorum

lipolysis kuphwanya trophic khoma

chiwonetsero cha cholesterol ndi

mafuta acids mu mtima

Pamodzi ndi mitsempha pakukula kwa atherosulinosis, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi kusokoneza kwa endocrine glands. Ndi kuchepa kwa chithokomiro, lipolysis imafooka ndipo mafuta amadzunjikira m'thupi. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga insulin. Mu shuga mellitus, kupangika kwambiri kwa AcCoA kumachitika, komwe kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a cholesterol. Zokhudza mafuta kagayidwe komanso kakulidwe ka atherosulinosis kungayambenso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa tinthu timene timatulutsa endocrine: gland ya pituitary ndi glands. Kukula kwa atherosulinosis kumathandizira kulimbitsa thupi, chikonga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Lingaliro ili linaperekedwa ndi N.N. Anichkov mu 1935. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi, kukula kwa atherosulinosis sikudalira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol chifukwa kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa cholesterol, ubale wake ndi mbali zina zamagazi.

Kulumikizana kwa cholesterol ndi mafuta acids

Cholesterol imamangika mosavuta ku mafuta acids ndikupanga cholesterol. Ngati cholesterol ikuphatikiza ndi mafuta achilengedwe okhala ndi nyama (ma Palmitic, otentha), ndiye kuti ma cholesterol owonjezera sakhazikitsidwa, amapezeka mosavuta. Ma acids amathandizira kupanga endo native cholesterol. Pamene cholesterol ikuphatikizidwa ndi mafuta osakwaniritsidwa acids amachokera ku chomera (linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic), maselo a cholesterol osakanikirana amapangika, omwe amatengeka mosavuta ndikuthandizira pakuchotsa cholesterol m'mitsempha yamagazi. Komabe, kumwa kwambiri zamasamba zamasamba kumayambitsa kudzikundikira kwa mankhwala a lipid peroxidation omwe amawononga khoma lamankhwala.

Chibale cha cholesterol ndi lecithin (phospholipids)

Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha cholesterol / lecithin "= 1. Atherosulinosis imayamba ngati chimbudzi chikukula. Phospholecitin amasunga cholesterol mu mkhalidwe wophatikizika ndikuletsa kutayika kwa cholesterol pa endothelium khoma lamitsempha. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa thupi la choline ndi methionine (tchizi chanyumba, nsomba).

Kulumikizana kwa cholesterol ndi mapuloteni

Kukula kwa atherosulinosis kumadalira kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins (LP) (zigawo za alpha ndi beta). Alfa-LPs ali ndi 40% mafuta, beta-LPs ili ndi mafuta 93%. Ma Beta-LPs amaphatikiza ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri (HDL), lipoproteins (LDL), komanso lipotroteins zotsika kwambiri. Ochuluka ndi LDL ndi VLDL.Amatsogolera pakupanga atherosulinosis. HDL ndi antisulinotic. Beta-LDL imakhala ndi cholesterol, imakhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe, komanso ndiosakwanitsidwa ndi ma phospholipids. Pali ma receptor apadera a beta-LDL pa vasot endumhelium. Kudzera mu ma receptor awa, LDL imalowa mu cell, imalowa mu lysosomes, pomwe iwo hydrolyze amapanga cholesterol yaulere. Selo imatetezedwa ku cholesterol yowonjezera: kapangidwe ka beta zolandilira otsika osalimba lipoprotein amachepetsa, kapangidwe ka mafuta amkati amachepetsa, gawo la cholesterol yaulere ilowa m'magazi. HDL imagwira cholesterol iyi, cholesterol imalowa m'chiwindi, komwe imaphatikizidwa kwa bile acid.

Beta-HDL ilibe ma receptor oterowo, koma amatha kuchotsa cholesterol ku beta -LDL receptors kapena kuwaletsa. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu m'thupi la LDL ndi VLDL. Kutsika kwa HDL kumabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa cholesterol yaulere ndikupanga atherosulinosis.

Ma Hormone amachita kudzera mwa beta-HDL. Ndi kuchepa kwa thyroxine, mahomoni ogonana, zomwe zimakhala za beta-HDL zimachepa, atherosulinosis imayamba.

Udindo wamankhwala owononga khoma

R. Virkhov kwa nthawi yoyamba adawonetsa kuti kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu yofunika ya khoma la mtima, ndipo cholesterol ndi calcium zimalowa khoma lamankhwala.

Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa atherosulinosis

ndi kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mtima

1. Kukula kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic kungakhazikike pa hyalinosis ya khoma lamitsempha, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa khoma ndi mapuloteni a plasma. Njira yotupa imatha kupangitsa kuti khungu lizipindika.

2. Mapulateleti amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri potumiza ma lipoprotein kupita ku maselo am'mitsempha. Kumbali imodzi, amanyamula LDL kupita kuma cell receptors ndikuyika LDL m'maselo. Kumbali ina, chifukwa cha kusintha kwamankhwala m'mapulateleti, cholesterol ya LDL ilowa mu cell kudutsa ma receptors panthawi yawo yotseka ya HDL.

3. Hypoxic kuwonongeka kwa mtima khoma

Ndi hypoxia, asidi mucopolysaccharides amadziunjikira mu mtima endothelium, ndipo ntchito ya enzymatic ya lipolytic michere imasokonekera. Izi zimabweretsa kuti cholinesters, beta-LDL ndi VLDL siziwononga ndikulimbitsa mawonekedwe a makhiristo a cholesterol. Izi makhiristo amakhazikitsidwa ndi asidi mucopolysaccharides pamitsempha ya endothelium, yomwe imabweretsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic plaque. Ndi hypoxia, ntchito ya fibrinolytic khoma la mtima imakhalanso yovuta. Fibrin ndi fibrinogen zimadziunjikira, mawonekedwe a magazi, ndipo khoma lamitsempha limadzaza ndi mchere wamchere. Minofu yolumikizana imakula, mafomu a atherosselotic process.

4. Kuwonongeka kwa endothelium kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ndi matenda oopsa, kuvulala kwamitsempha kwa khoma la mtima kumachitika. Izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwamphamvu-dystrophic mu endothelium ndikuthandizira mapangidwe a zolembera za atherosselotic.

5. Mothandizidwa ndi hypoxia, pali kuphwanya ntchito ya ma lipolytic enzyme. Udindo waukulu umachitika ndi lipoprotein lipase, yomwe imatembenuza LDL kukhala HDL. Pankhani ya kuperewera kwa enzyme, LDL siimapukusidwa, kudziunjikira ndipo imayikidwa mu khoma la mtima.

6. Polysaccharides ndi asidi mucopolysaccharides amachititsa zomwe zimachitika mu fibroblasts. Ma Fibroblasts ali ndi michere ya lipoprotein. Ma Fibroblasts amathandizira pakupanga ulusi wa collagen. Zombozo zimakhala zolimba, osati zotanuka.

Ma polysaccharides — Fibroblasts — Collagen Fibers

7. Udindo wa myocyte. Chikwangwani chochokera pa atherosclerotic chimakutidwa ndi myocyte. Kofi, mowa, chinthu cha neurogenic amawonedwa ngati zinthu zokulira. Amatha kuyambitsa maselo amisempha, omwe pambuyo pake amakula.

A.N. Klimov anagulitsa chiphunzitso cha atherosulinosis.Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khoma, beta-LDL imasonkhanitsidwa mu endothelium. Mapangidwe awo amalimbikitsidwa ndi hypoxia. Beta-LDL imakhala yachilendo, autoantigens. Autoantibodies (kudzera T- ndi B-system) motsutsana ndi beta-LDL imapangidwa mu thupi la chitetezo cha immune immune (PSIO). Mafomu ovuta a pathoimmune pakhoma la mtima. Endothelium yowonongeka, ma enzymes a proteinolytic amasulidwa, autolysis (kudzimbidwa) kwa khoma kumachitika. Pakadali pano, cholesterol, maselo am'magazi, ndi calcium zimapangidwa.

Autoantigens (beta-LDL) —PSIO - Autoantibodies —Patimmune zovuta

Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa LDL m'magazi. Izi ndichifukwa chakusokonezeka kwa ma genetic receptors omwe amadzikonzera okha LDL. Mtundu wa cholowa ndiwopambana kwambiri. Nthendayi imafalikira kuchokera ku mibadwo. Mlingo wodziwika ndi pafupifupi 1: 500. Odwala, xanthomatous madongosolo pakhungu ndi mafupa amawona, omwe amafulumizitsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Odwala ambiri okhala ndi hypercholesterolemia ya zaka zopitilira 40 amawonetsa matenda a mtima.

Kupangidwira kwamatenda kwa atherosulinosis kumathandizidwanso chifukwa cha chibadwa cha majini omwe amawononga cholesterol. Ma enzyme amenewa ali m'gulu la michere ya lysosomal. Chifukwa chake, titha kuwona kuti atherosclerosis ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziunjikira matenda: lysosomes imagwira cholesterol yomwe imalowera khoma lamitsempha, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake silingathe kuwononga. Cholesterol imadzaza ma lysosomes, amatembenukira kukhala ma lipid m'malovu ndikudziunjikira mu cell. Selo limasandulika kukhala dontho lalikulu la lipid. Mapangidwe a atherosclerotic plaque amapezeka.

Mwanjira imeneyi. kusanthula kwa malingaliro ndi njira zopangira chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, kafukufuku wamaphunziro akuwonetsa kuti njira ya atherosclerotic sayenera kungotengedwa ngati vuto la zamankhwala, komanso ngati vuto lachilengedwe wamba.

General pathogenesis of atherosulinosis

Neurogenic Hereditary Disorder Endocrine Mavuto

zinthu zakudya zofunika lipid zovuta

Kukonzekera Kwambiri Hypercholesterolemia

mtima khoma kuphatikizira ndi kuphwanya mapuloteni

Kodi ndi chiopsezo chotani chakubweretsa atherosulinosis: njira zopewera matenda

Atherosulinosis ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a metabolic. Chowonetsera chapafupi cha njirayi ndizosungunulira zamagazi (ma lipids) ozungulira m'magazi, komanso maselo osinthika mumakoma a chotengera owonongeka. Mitsempha yama cell imayankha mapangidwe a zolembera mwa kuchuluka kosasinthika kwa minofu yolumikizidwa. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa magazi m'magulu akulu (aorta) ndi ziwiya zazing'ono.

Ndizosatheka kuyeretsa ziwiya zama depositi. Chifukwa chake, kupewa kokha kwa atherosulinosis kungateteze thupi pazotsatira za matendawa. Ngati sichikupezeka, kufalikira kwa gawo lina la zolembazo kungayambitse kufooka kwa mitsempha yaing'onoting'ono (sitiroko) ndi kulumala.

Zowopsa zazikuluzikulu za atherosulinosis

Momwe mapangidwe a lipid madipoziti ndi awa: kuwonongeka kwa mkati wosanjikiza (endothelium) ndi kuphatikizika kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuwonongeka kwa magazi. Chofunikira pakukula kwa masinthidwe oterewa ndi chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis.

Ena mwa maudindo omwe amakhudza chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, munthu amatha kudziyimira pawokha, osatembenukira kumagulu azachipatala. Ena amatsatiridwa pokhapokha malinga ndi maphunziro azachipatala. Zowonekera zikuphatikiza:

1. Kusuta. Nikotini amavulala endothelium ya capillaries. Maselo owonongeka samatulutsa NO (chinthu chomwe chimakulitsa chimbudzi cha chotengera), kuphipha kwa gawo la m'magazi kumachitika. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri.Kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi mavuto azakudya, kusowa kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, matenda ashuga komanso matenda oopsa.
3. Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi - njira zonse mthupi zimachepa, kuphatikiza zamankhwala amuzolengedwa zamitsempha zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa lipid mu minofu.
4. Zaka - zakale asanakalambe (amuna opitilira zaka 45, azimayi - pambuyo pa zaka 55) makoma a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha amatha kutaya mphamvu ndikusakhala owuma.
5. Gender - Atherosulinosis imapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa amuna.
6. Heredity - ngati wachibale wa mzere woyamba wamamuna wamwamuna wosakwana zaka 55 (wamkazi - mpaka zaka 65) wapezeka ndi mtima kapena matenda amitsempha, izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis. Pankhaniyi, kupewa koyambirira ndikofunikira.
7. Kupsinjika Ngakhale akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri, mahomoni a adrenal amakulitsa hyperglycemia. Zikondwererozo zimawonjezera kupanga kwa insulin kuti matenda achulukane. Zinthu zonsezi zimawononga khoma lamitsempha, ndikulimbikitsa kukonzekera kwa lipid.
8. Mowa - mthupi umapangidwira acetaldehyde, womwe umathandizira kuti pakhale cholesterol yambiri. Mowa wa Ethyl umawononga hepatocytes, mwachitsanzo, m'chiwindi, magawidwe amkati a ziwopsezo za lipid zimachitika.
9. Matenda a mtima, a coralary coronary syndrome - owonetsedwa ndi kukanikiza kwapang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina kupweteka kwapweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum panthawi yovutitsa kwambiri thupi komanso mtima.

Zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, zomwe zimadziwika ndi maphunziro apadera azachipatala ndi a labotale, ndi awa:

1. Kuthamanga kwa magazi - kuchuluka kwambiri kumasungidwa chifukwa cha kupindika kosalekeza kwa ziwiya zotumphukira, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa makhoma awo. Palinso kuwonongeka kwa gawo lamkati la ma capillaries chifukwa choyenda magazi.
2. Hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa glucose kumavulaza mtima endothelium.
3. Kuchulukitsa kwa protein C (kumachitika ndi njira yotupa).
4. Kuphwanya milonga yamagazi:
   • kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu,
   • kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa cholephera kuperewera lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
   • Kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) yayikulu kwambiri,
   • kuchuluka kwa triglycerides,

Kwa kuwunika kwa prophylactic, chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa zigawo zam'magazi a lipid ndizofunikira. LDL ili ndi udindo wonyamula cholesterol m'matipi, ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe ake. Kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika. HDL imachotsedwa ndikutumizidwa ku chiwindi kuti isinthe mafuta ochulukirapo kuchokera ku depot. Kukula kwa kachigawo ka lipid kameneka ndizothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima wamatenda.

Atherosulinotic prophylaxis

Zomwe zimayikidwa pachiwopsezo zimagawika kukhala zosasinthika (zomwe kupewa sizingasinthe) komanso kusinthika (kusinthanso).

Zosasinthika ndikuphatikizapo:

Zili pazinthu zosinthika kwambiri kuti kupewetsa kwa mitsempha ya mtima kumawongoledwa:

• kusintha kwa moyo (kusiya kusuta, kumwa mowa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusintha matendawa, kuchepetsa nkhawa),
• kukonzekera kwa biochemical magawo a magazi (kusintha kwa ma lipid mbiri, hyperglycemia, kuchuluka kwa mtima),
• matenda oopsa.

Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis kumagawika ku:

1. Poyamba - ndalama zofunikira Kuchepetsa kuwonekera pachiwopsezo cha matenda.
2. Yachiwiri - kusintha kwa moyo ndi mankhwala osankhidwa, omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zovuta, kupewa, kusabwezera, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi pamaso pa matenda.

Kupewa koyambirira komanso kwachiwiri kwa atherosulinosis kumathandizira kuwonjezera nthawi ndikupanga moyo wabwino poletsa kukula kwa zovuta.

Kupewa koyamba

Ntchito ya tsambali ndikuletsa zomwe zisachitike ndikuchepetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi pakati pa anthu.Itha kuchitika m'magawo angapo:

1. Boma (kutsata njira zamapulogalamu aukhondo a maphunziro a anthu, kukonza malo, kukonza malo okhala).
2. Local (bungwe pamlingo wazachipatala, zipatala, zamakampani):
   • Kugwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani, matebulo, timabuku, zokambirana pamisonkhano komanso pamisonkhano,
   • kuyezetsa kuchipatala ndi kuchiza odwala matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa,
   • kukonza dyslipidemia.
3. Zanga (ndikofunikira kuti munthu azindikire udindo wake)
   • kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (kumwa mowa, kusuta),
   • zakudya zabwino
   • zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira
   • kuwongolera zolemetsa (kuwerengera cholembera cha kuchuluka kwa thupi, malinga ndi njira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chowerengera cha intaneti).

Kupewa kwachiwiri

Ntchito ya gawo ili la kupewa ndikuletsa kupitilira kwa matenda omwe alipo, kupewa kubwereranso m'mbuyo komanso zovuta. Pakadali pano, chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoyipa ndizapamwamba, chifukwa chake, njira zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza (kufunika kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwopsezo cha kufa malinga ndi tebulo la SCORE). Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, chiwopsezo cha zovuta ndi 10% mchaka choyamba, ndipo chilichonse chotsatira chimakulanso ndi 5% ina.

Kukonzekera, kudya tsiku lililonse komwe kumalepheretsa zovuta za atherosulinosis:

• ma statin - mankhwala ochepetsa magazi m'thupi,
• antihypertensive mankhwala - osakanikirana (okodzetsa, beta-blocker ndi ACE zoletsa) pakuwongolera kwathunthu kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) - kuti muchepetse magazi, muchepetse chiopsezo chovuta kwambiri.

Malinga ndi chiwembuchi, kupewa atherosulinosis kuphatikiza matenda oopsa muukalamba kutha kuchitidwa.

Zinthu zoyambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis zimakulanso mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ena a mtima. Chifukwa chake, kukopa kwawo kuyenera kuyendetsedwa, kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa thupi (makamaka zakunja).

Ndikofunikira kuyamba kupewa ndi ntchito pamoyo: samalani mfundo za kadyedwe koyenera, sinthani zochita zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta. Ngati njira ya pathological yakula, muyenera kusintha kukalandira chithandizo chamankhwala kuti muchite bwino.

Malangizo ndi mankhwala a pulayimaleosis yachiwiri ndi yachiwiri

Atherosulinosis ndi matenda oopsa a mtima, omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zomwe zimatchedwa atherosulinotic plaque mu makulidwe amkati wamitsempha yamagazi. Kudzikundikira kwa ma atherosselotic plaque mu ziwiya zama caliber osiyanasiyana, pakapita nthawi, kumabweretsa kupatukana kwawo ndikuwoneka zovuta kwambiri kuchokera ku ubongo, mtima ndi ziwalo zina zamkati. Ndili ndi cholinga chopewa matenda a atherosclerosis, kupewa matendawa kumachitika molumikizana.

Zolinga ndi zifukwa zake

Kapangidwe ka kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'mitsempha yamagazi kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zitha kugawidwa mwaukulu ndi sekondale. Monga njira zoyambirira zopangira atherosulinosis, pali:

1. Kudzikundikira kwamakristali a uric acid mthupi (gout),
2. Kukula mwadongosolo kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa),
3. Kuchepetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, kuphatikiza shuga 1 ndi mtundu 2,
4. Matenda a impso komanso matenda a impso limodzi ndi uremia,
5. Ntchito ya chithokomiro chosakwanira (hypothyroidism).

Zomwe zimatchedwa zachiwiri pakapangidwe ka zolembedwa za atherosulinotic zikuyimira dongosolo lonse lomwe limapangidwa ndi zinthu zopatsa thanzi, kupezeka kapena kusakhalapo kwa zizolowezi zoipa, komanso mbali zina za moyo wa munthu. Zinthu zachiwiri pakupanga kwa atherosulinosis ndi monga:

1. Mowa ndi fodya,
2. Zambiri kapena kufooka m'thupi la vitamini D, B12, B6 ndi folic acid,
3. Mafuta ochulukirapo, mafuta okazinga ndi onunkhira, komanso zakudya zamagulu ambiri othamanga komanso zosavuta,
4. Kunenepa kwambiri
5. Kukhala ndi moyo wopendekera (kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi),
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kambiri njira zakulera za mahomoni,
7. Ukalamba
8. Zowawa zomwe zimapangitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi, nkhawa komanso thupi.
9. Kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol wa amkaka.

Kuphatikiza apo, jenda ndi chinthu chodziwikiratu pakuchitika kwa atherosulinosis. Oyimira amuna amuna ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha atherosulinosis yam'munsi, ubongo ndi mtima.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Mkhalidwe wamtunduwu amadziwika ndi njira yayitali ya asymptomatic komanso yapent. Mapangidwe a matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro zina, zomwe pakati pake pali:

• Mutu wamatsenga ndi chizungulire,
• Ululu wopweteka m'chifuwa, womwe umafikira khosi, miyendo kumtunda ndi chibwano chamunsi,
• Kuwonongeka kwa chikumbumtima ndikotheka
• Zizindikiro zakulephera kwa impso
• Kusokonezeka kwa phokoso la mtima, extrasystole,
• Zizindikiro za angina pectoris,
• Kutsitsa kwamaso owoneka bwino,
• Kumva kuzizira komanso kuzizira kwamiyendo yakumtunda ndi yapamwamba.

Ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis ya m'munsi malekezero, munthu amatha kuwona izi:

• Kuchuluka keratinization mbali zina za khungu la miyendo,
• Zilonda zam'mimba
• Chikopa
• Kusintha kwa atrophic m'minyewa yam'munsi.

Zomwe zimapezeka ndi matenda komanso chithandizo

Kuzindikira kwa matenda amtunduwu kumatanthauza njira yolumikizira. Zizindikiro za atherosclerosis, komanso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoopsa, zimatengedwa. Kuchepetsa kapena kufupika kwa lumen yamitsempha yamagazi imatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito dopplerography ya ultrasound, yomwe imatha kuwunika momwe magazi akuyendera m'mitsempha yayikulu. Mkhalidwe wamitsempha yama coronary imatha kuwunikiridwa pakuchitika kwa maginito a resonance imaging kapena kusanthula kwa angiographic. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti lipid mbiri yochitidwa mu labotale ndikuti ipange kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi njira yofananira yodziwunikira.

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi kusintha kwa atherosselotic m'thupi imachitika kudzera mwa njira zamankhwala, komanso njira zowonongera. Mankhwala othandizira odwala matendawa, samangogwiritsa ntchito ma statins omwe ali pamwambawa, komanso ma anticoagulants. Woyimira chidwi kwambiri pagululi ndi acetylsalicylic acid, amene amalepheretsa kuphatikiza ma cell ndi kupangika kwa magazi.

Mlingo wocheperako, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa anthu, ndi cholinga chopewa kulowerera kwa myocardial komanso stroke. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo cha atherosulinosis chikuphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Heparin. Izi zimakhumudwitsa dongosolo la magazi. Pochizira matenda a arteryosulinosis, mankhwalawa amasankhidwa ndi adokotala.

Ngati njira zochizira zochizira sizikuyenda bwino, akatswiri azachipatala adzaganiza zofunikira pakuthandizira opaleshoni, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza matenda a mitsempha. Njira yotsalira yowongolera patency ya mtima ndi balloon angioplasty, pomwe imapangidwira catheter yapadera. Catheter iyi imakhala yotambasulira makoma enaake, komanso imalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa malo a atherosselotic malo ndi magazi kuwundana.

Njira yowonjezereka ndi njira yokhazikitsira zitsulo zam'mimba, ntchito yake ndikuletsa makhoma a mtsempha wamagazi kutsika.

Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis ndi wowerengeka azitsamba zimachitika kokha ndi kuonana ndi adokotala.

Kuteteza kwa Atherosulinosis

Muzochita zamankhwala, kupewera kwa mtima komanso kwachiwiri kwa mtima kwamatenda amasiyana, komwe kumaphatikizapo izi:

1. Zochitika zoyambirira. Matendawa amatchedwa njira yoletsa matenda omwe amachitika chifukwa cha matenda, omwe amachitika pakati pamagulu omwe samadwala matenda amitsempha yamagazi ndi chiwindi,
2. Zochitika zachiwiri. Njira yoletsa kusinthika kwa ma atherosselotic ndiothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chamoyo, komanso kwa iwo omwe amadziwika ndi zovuta. Kupewa kwachiwiri kumakhala ndi malangizo azachipatala ndi malingaliro omwe amayenera kuchitidwa ndi wodwala moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala.

Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lenileni la kupewa kwakukulu kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic limaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• Kupewa kumwa kwambiri mowa ndi fodya pakati pa anthu osiyana misinkhu,
• Kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zopewera kupanikizika m'mabungwe akuluakulu aboma komanso mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
• Kuchulukitsa kupezeka komanso mtundu wa chithandizo chamankhwala,
• Kuchititsa maphunziro azaumoyo pakati pa anthu,
• Kuzindikiritsa ndi kulembetsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso matenda oopsa.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Mtundu woletsa komanso kuchiza matenda a atherosulinosis, osagwira ntchito popanda malangizo a zakudya. Mapuloteni ochulukirapo a mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu amayenera kupezeka m'zakudya za munthu aliyense. Kuwerengera kwa zinthu izi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwa thupi ndi malingaliro pa thupi, chikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zophunzirira ndi ntchito.

Malonda osiyanasiyana omalizidwa, zakudya zachangu, komanso confectionery ochulukirapo ndizoletsedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo mwa zinthu zoyipazi ndi zipatso, masamba ndi zipatso zazipatso. Anthu omwe amakonda kulemera msanga amalangizidwa kuti achepetse kudya kwawo kotchedwa carbohydrate kosavuta komanso zakudya zamafuta.

Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa zakudya, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti aliyense ayesere magazi a cholesterol. Pamaso pa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la kudzikundikira kwa cholesterol, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatula zakudya izi muzakudya:

• Zakudya zamafuta
• Zakudya zakusuta
• Salo
• Kirimu wamkaka
• Mayonesi
• Confectionery
• Ma ketchu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana
• Zakudya zonunkhira
• Zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwa metabolidi ya lipid m'thupi kumathandizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zotere: chimanga (mapira ndi buckwheat), masamba ndi zipatso zabwino, nsomba zam'nyanja ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Izi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizidyedwa zophika kapena zopaka.

Kuthekera kochepetsa cholesterol

Ma media ambiri amalimbikitsa kufunika kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Mosakayikira, cholesterol imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga kusintha kwa atherosrance Mukuchita kafukufuku wazachipatala, gawo lofunikira la matenda opatsirana pachimake pakupanga mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis lakhazikitsidwa. Pamodzi ndi ntchito zomwe zimafuna kupewa kuchulukana kwa cholesterol, kupewa atherosclerosis kumaphatikizapo kupewa kupuma, kukhazikitsa katemera, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira othandizira.

Musanapange cholesterol chifukwa chachikulu chopanga kusintha kwa ma atherosulinotic, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino gawo lanu la zinthu m'thupi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi zinthu zopanda kufanana motsatira izi:

• Pa kapangidwe ka mahomoni ogonana,
• Ndi intrauterine kukula kwa chapakati mantha a mwana wosabadwayo,
• Munthawi ya vitamini D,
• Popanga mahomoni a adrenal.

Kuphatikiza apo, pawiri ndi antioxidant wachilengedwe yemwe amalimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala osakanikira ambiri. Kuperewera kwa cholesterol m'thupi kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe amayenera kuwirikiza kawiri pawokha kupanga izi.

Ndiye chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu omwe akudwala matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka chifukwa chomwa mafuta kwambiri amthupi amathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol m'thupi.

Kutsitsa cholesterol mthupi

Ndipo ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mthupi m'thupi kukutsimikiziridwa kudzera mayeso a labotale, ndiye kuti akatswiri azachipatala amachititsa munthu kusankha mankhwala, omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kumakhala koyenera pokhapokha ngati kusintha kwa mafuta a cholesterol sikothandiza. Magulu omwe amapezeka kwambiri omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol m'thupi ndi monga:

• Sequestrants yamafuta acids. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kufinya kwa magazi a m'magazi, chifukwa amathandizira kuti magazi asiyidwe m'matumbo. Oyimira bwino a gululi ndi Colestipol, Cholestyramine, Beta-Sitosterol,
• Madera Ma statin amakono akuletsa kupanga cholesterol amkati mwa maselo a chiwindi mwa akulu ndi achikulire. Kuphatikiza apo, motsutsana ndi maziko a kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa statin, kupewa kuwonongedwa kwa mapangidwe a atheroscrotic kumachitika. Oyimira bwino a gulu la statin ndi Miskleron, Simvastatin, Lovastatin ndi Rosuvastatin,
• Zopatsa mphamvu za nicotinic acid. Gulu la mankhwalawa lili ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira kagayidwe ka lipid, imathandizira kusweka kwamafuta ndikupanga mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muthane ndi zovuta zamatenda am'munsi am'mphepete ndi gulu ili la mankhwala.
• Fibates. Limagwirira a zochita za mankhwalawa zachokera kuwonongeka kwa enzymatic kwa zolembera za atherosulinotic. Monga zitsanzo za fibrate, ciprofibrate imadzipatula.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa lirilonse la maguluwa kuyenera kutsata kupezeka kwa umboni woyenera. Kusankhidwa kwa mayina ndi ma dosages kumachitika ndi katswiri wazachipatala woyenerera payekha.

Polankhula zakukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu aliwonse a mankhwalawa, wina sangachitire mwina koma kunena za ngozi yomwe ingakhalepo yakukutikirani kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe. Kutengera mtundu womwe wasankhidwa wa mankhwala a antiscrotic, kukula kwa izi ndizotheka:

1. Zotsatira zoyipa pamene mukumata zotsatiridwa zimafotokozedwera mu mawonekedwe a zilonda monga zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba ndi duodenum, kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka pamimba, kudzimbidwa ndi mapangidwe a zotupa.
2. Statin ndi ma fupa zimatha kuyambitsa zosakhudzana monga kupweteka kwam'mimba, vuto la kugona, kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'matumbo, nseru, kuchepa kwa hemoglobin, kudzimbidwa, komanso momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso zokhudza thupi.
3. Zotupa za nikotini acid zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto monga kufupika kwa khungu la nkhope, kuyabwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa matenda a ndulu ndi zilonda zam'mimba, kumverera kwa kutentha mthupi lonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, lililonse mwa magulu omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo komanso zingapo. Zinthu zotsatirazi zikuphatikizidwa mndandanda wazotsutsa zonse:

• Matenda oopsa 2 ndi 3,
• Nthawi yobereka mwana ndi kuyamwitsa,
• Kulephera kwamkati ndi chiwindi
• Matenda a ndulu ndi chiwindi
• Zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba ndi duodenum.

Pamodzi ndi zochizira, ma statin ali ndi vuto limodzi pakulimbana kwa chitetezo cha fuluwenza. Zotsatira zoyipa izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chitetezo champhamvu mthupi zomwe zidapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi katemera wa fuluwenza.

Zambiri zamakono pazoyesa zamankhwala zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuwonetsa kukhazikitsa ndi kuyambitsa katemera wina wotsutsana ndi atherosulinosis, yomwe imapambana pakuchiritsa kwake kwa ma statins. Komabe, katemera uyu alibe zotsatira zotsatirazi.

Njira zina zopewera

Kupewera kwathunthu kwa kusintha kwa atherosselotic m'thupi, sikumangopereka zofunikira pakudya, kusintha kwaumoyo ndi mankhwala, komanso njira zothana ndi matenda osachiritsika. Matenda monga matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda ashuga a 2, komanso matenda oopsa oopsa, angathandizire kukulitsa mankhwalawa. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndimankhwala ndikukonzanso mankhwalawa kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mapangidwe a atherosrance.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti vasher atherosulinosis ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhala ndi chizolowezi chopita patsogolo mwachangu pamoyo wonse. Ndi malire okwanira a zinthu zomwe zimawonekeratu ndikuwongolera zomwe zimachitika m'thupi, munthu aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopewa kapena kupewa kudwala kwa matendawa. Pankhani zamankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira malangizo a chipatala komanso kutipatsa mankhwala.