Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka malire komanso kusungidwa kwake m'malire awa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupezeka kwake kwakanthawi kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwake, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kupulumutsa moyo wa wodwalayo. Zowonadi, matenda a shuga amachititsanso kuti pakhale vuto la kuchepa kwa vuto la hyperglycemic, ndipo kupatsidwa chithandizo chokwanira kapena chamankhwala chosakwanira kungayambitse imfa. Ndiye chifukwa chake kuzindikiridwa kwa matenda ashuga kuyenera kuchitika mofulumira munthuyu akangokhala ndi zizindikilo zoyamba za matendawa, kuti zikafika poipa kwambiri, iye kapena abale ake azitha kupereka thandizo.

Mtundu woyamba

Ili ndi dzina lina - lodalira insulini. Amapezeka makamaka mwa ana ndi achinyamata ochepera zaka 30. Amadziwika ndi kupunduka kwa kapamba, komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa insulin, yomwe imayendetsa ndikusintha kwa glucose m'misempha ndi maselo amthupi. Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin, pangani kufooka kwa timadzi timeneti m'thupi ndi kutsimikiza momwe muliri tsiku lonse. Chifukwa chachikulu chakukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ndikubadwa komanso chibadwa.

Mtundu wachiwiri

Amapezeka makamaka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 30. Mu matendawa, kapangidwe ka insulin mthupi kamakhala momwemo, koma pali kuphwanya kwake komwe ma cell amachitika ndi maselo, chifukwa amalephera kutulutsa shuga mwa iwo. Kuchiza kumaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi kudya mwamphamvu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 ndizotsatirazi: kunenepa kwambiri, kumwa kwambiri mowa, kusokoneza thupi, ndi zina zambiri.

Matenda a shuga

Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi yayitali ya kapamba, momwe amapanga insulin. Amapezeka mu amayi apakati, nthawi zambiri wachitatu trimester. Matenda a shuga oterewa safunikira chithandizo chapadera. Pambuyo pa kubala, thupi limabweranso kukhala labwinobwino ndipo misempha ya magazi imasintha. Komabe, ngati mayi ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga panthawi ya pakati, kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda a shuga 2 mumwana wake kumawonjezeka kangapo.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Matenda a shuga 90 amtundu 90 asymptomatic pamilandu 90%, kotero anthu ambiri sazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda osachiritsika. Chifukwa cha izi, sathamangira kukaonana ndi dokotala, ndipo amamuchezera kale pomwe matenda a shuga ndi oopsa.

Pankhaniyi, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kumachitika ndi kuyesedwa kwa ma laboratory. Choyamba, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitika pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Idyani pachakudya chopanda kanthu m'mawa. Pakadalibe ma processic oyenda mthupi mthupi, pakudutsa kusanthula kumeneku, pali magazi abwinobwino a 4.5-5.6 mmol / l. Ngati izi zikuwonetsa kupitirira malire a 6.1 mmol / l, ndiye pamenepa, pamafunika mayeso owonjezera, omwe angapangitse kuti adziwe zoyenera.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa magazi kuti athe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, odwala amatenga urinalysis kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi acetone. Nthawi zambiri, zinthuzi siziyenera kukhala mkodzo wa munthu, koma zimawonekera mu T2DM, ndipo mulingo wake umadalira kuwonongeka kwa matendawa.

Kuyesereranso kwa glucose kumafunikiranso. Imachitika mu magawo awiri. Poyamba, magazi amatengedwa m'mawa (pamimba yopanda kanthu), lachiwiri - maola awiri mutatha kudya. Ngati palibe njira ya pathological m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo podya chakudya sikuyenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / l.

Mayeso awa a matenda ashuga amtundu 2 ndi ofunikira. Ngati azindikira kuti m'thupi muli vuto loti azidziwitsa moyenera, dokotalayo amamuwonjezera mayeso ena.

Kafukufuku wowonjezera

Popeza T2DM nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi zovuta mu mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga a m'mimba komanso rhinopathy, kuwonjezera pa kuyesa kwa magazi, kufunsa ndi ophthalmologist ndi dermatologist ndikofunikira. Akatswiriwa amawunika momwe fundus ndi khungu zimathandizidwira, komanso amapereka malingaliro othandizira kuti pakhale zovuta zina. Monga lamulo, mu odwala matenda ashuga, mabala ambiri ndi zilonda zam'mimba zimawoneka pa thupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuvunda. Mikhalidwe yotere imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera cha madokotala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kufunika kokadula miyendo.

Kuzindikira mwatsatanetsatane

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri osachiritsika. Komabe, poganizira kuti sizimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi zizindikiro zowopsa, kuti mupeze matenda olondola, kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kwa zizindikirazo ndi thupi kumafunikira. Poterepa, kupezeka koyambitsa kumabweretsa mpulumutsi.

Zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza molondola momwe thupi liliri kwa wodwala, komanso osazindikira kukhalapo kwa matenda a zam'thupi, komanso mtundu wake. Pankhaniyi, madotolo amayesa mayeso azachipatala motsutsana ndi zomwe zapezeka panthawi yomwe akuganiza kuti akudwala.

Dziwani kuti panthawi ya mayesero azachipatala, chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa osati kuzungulira kwa glucose m'magazi, koma mpaka msinkhu wa insulin. Muzochitika izi pamene chizindikiritso cha timadzi timeneti chimapitilira zovomerezeka, ndipo shuga ya m'magazi imasungidwa m'malo oyenera kapena pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira, ndiye pankhani iyi adotolo ali ndi chifukwa chilichonse chodziwira mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga.

Kuyesedwa kosalekeza kwa matenda ashuga ndikuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili kungathe kusiyanitsa matendawa ndi ma pathologies ena omwe ali ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi zamankhwala. Zina mwa izo ndi matenda a impso ndi matenda a shuga, komanso glucosuria. Pokhapokha podziwa mtundu wa matendawa, dokotalayo amatha kupereka chithandizo chokwanira, chomwe chithandizira wodwalayo komanso moyo wake.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga amtundu 1

Matenda a shuga 1 amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• kutopa,
• kugona
• ludzu ndi kamwa yowuma
• kukodza kwambiri
• kumangokhalira kumva ludzu lochokera kumbuyo
• kutsika kwamawonedwe owoneka,
• mantha
• pafupipafupi kusintha kosinthika.

Ngati zizindikirozi zikuchitika, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala ndikuyezetsa. Koma choyambirira, muyenera kupanga kusanthula kwanu kwa matenda ashuga. Imachitika kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera - glucometer. Amapereka kutsimikiza kwa magazi m'masekondi. Tisanapite kwa dokotala (dzulo lake), kuwunikirako kuyenera kuchitika maola onse a 2-3, kujambula zotsatira zonse zakufufuza mu diary. Pankhaniyi, mfundo yofunika ndi chidziwitso cha nthawi ya mayeso ndikudya chakudya (mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatuluka ndikumalimbikira kwa maola angapo).

Pakusankhidwa koyamba, adokotala amawunikiranso komanso kufunsa wodwalayo, ngati kuli koyenera, amasankha kufunsira kwa akatswiri ochepera (neurologist, ophthalmologist, etc.). Amatsimikizanso za matenda azachipatalachi - adotolo amafotokozera za wodwalayo zomwe zikumuvutitsa, ndikuzifanizira ndi zotsatira za mayeso, atatha kudziwa koyambirira. Pankhaniyi, njira zowunikira zimaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa zazikulu (zam'makalasi) ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera.

Kuti timvetsetse bwino pamafunika kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane. Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, kuwunika ma labotale ndizovomerezeka.

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 kumaphatikizaponso:

• Kutsimikiza kwa shuga
• kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi,
• mayeso apadera,
• kusanthula kwapadera kwa mkodzo.

Ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za mayesowo, mulingo wambiri wa shuga amawunikidwa motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kupezeka kwa glucose ndi acetone mu mkodzo, zisonyezo zonse za kafukufuku wa kapamba zimawonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, ndi kuphipha kwa kapamba ndi gastroenteroscopy kumachitika. Njira zowunikirazi zimapereka chiwonetsero chokwanira cha mkhalidwe wa kapamba ndi kuzindikira zovuta zina kuchokera pamatumbo am'mimba, omwe matenda adayambitsanso.

Ngati pakapita kafukufuku adapezeka kuti kapangidwe ka inshuwaransi ya kapamba sikuchitika, kuwunika kwa matenda a shuga a 1 amapangidwa. Koma popeza matendawa, monga T2DM, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwanjira yovuta, zowonjezera zowunikira zimachitika. Kufunsira kwa ophthalmologist ndikofunikira, panthawi yomwe ndizotheka kuzindikira zovuta kuchokera kumbali yakuwona, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ziwonetsero zawo zisanayambike komanso kuyamba kwa khungu.

Popeza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ndi vuto la mitsempha, amakumana ndi neurologist. Pakumuunika wodwalayo, dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito makina am'mitsempha, omwe amawunika momwe wodwalayo amasonyezera komanso momwe matenda ake amkati amachitikira. Pakachitika vuto lililonse, chithandizo chowonjezera chimasankhidwa.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, pali lingaliro lochititsa ECG. Popeza ndi matendawa magazi amawasokoneza, ntchito yamtima imathanso. ECG imalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi T2DM kapena T2DM miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi umodzi.

Ngati dokotalayo azindikira mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1, ayenera kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe wodwala amayenera kuyesetsa kutsatira, popeza chiwerengerochi ndi cha aliyense payekhapayekha (kutengera zaka komanso matenda ena), komanso zovuta zonse zomwe adadziwika panthawi yodziwikiratu.

Matenda a hyperglycemic chikomokere

Hyperglycemic chikomachi ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda lomwe limafunikira kuti wodwala azimugoneka mwachangu. Pankhaniyi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi anamwino azindikira, mapangidwe ake amachitika polingalira mawonekedwe azachipatala. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kutsitsa kwamtima,
• kukopa kwa pakhungu
• Kununkhira kwa ma acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
• khungu lowuma
• kufooka, kugona,
• "Zofewa" zodzionera.

Wodwala akamutengera ku dipatimenti yovomerezeka, amamuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuphatikizika kwake kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri kuposa kwabwinobwino. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lowona la hyperglycemic, ndiye kuti zovuta zina zomwe zili m'magazi ndi mkodzo sizipezeka. Wodwalayo akayamba kudwala ketoacitodic coma, m'mayeso am'kalatayo kuyamwa kwamatumbo kumapezeka.

Palinso malingaliro monga hyperosmolar coma ndi hyperlactacidemic coma. Onsewa ali ndi chithunzi chachipatala chofanana. Kusiyanaku kumaonekera pokhapokha ngati mukuyesa mayeso a labotale. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ndi hyperosmolar coma, kuchuluka kwa plasma osmolarity (oposa 350 moso / l) kumapezeka, ndipo ndi hyperlactacidemic coma, kuwonjezeka kwa mulingo wa lactic acid.

Popeza coma ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chithandizo chake chimachitidwanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo pankhaniyi, kuti mupange kuzindikira koyenera, kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane sikofunikira. Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi okwanira kukwanira. Kafukufuku watsatanetsatane amachitika atathetsa zizindikiro za chikomokere komanso kusintha matenda a shuga. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzindikire zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupewera kwake mtsogolo. Pano, kafukufukuyu akuphatikiza njira zonse zodziwira matenda omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe matenda a shuga 1.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amasokoneza kwambiri moyo wa wodwalayo. Kumayambiriro kwake kwa chitukuko, zimachitika mosadukiza, ndipo zimatha kupezeka mwa njira yoyesera magazi ndi zamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndipo matendawa akapezeka posachedwa, zimakhala zosavuta kuchizira. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti odwala awo onse amwezetse magazi ndi mkodzo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi umodzi, ngakhale patakhala kuti palibe chomwe chikuwonongeka.