Index index 8, 8 mutatha kudya: kodi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumati chiyani?

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachi 2 komanso kupezeka kwa insulin kukana (kuchepetsedwa mphamvu kwa insulin), shuga yofulumira imakonda kuposa shuga mutatha kudya. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti "kapamba" amatulutsa "insulin" yambiri ", ndiye kuti shuga atatha kudya amatsika kuposa asanadye.

Muzochitika zoterezi, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito kukana insulin, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera chidwi cha insulin. Metformin ndiyofunikira pazomwezi, ndipo mankhwala amakono ochepetsa shuga (i-DPP4, a-GLP1) angagwiritsidwe ntchito - amathandizira ngakhale shuga kukhala wabwinobwino popanda chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia (dontho la shuga m'magazi), ndikupititsa patsogolo insulin sensitivity.

Ponena za mankhwala a Douglimax: ili ndi metformin (500 mg), mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti insulini imveke komanso glimepiride (1 mg), mankhwala okalamba omwe amachepetsa shuga kuchokera pagulu la sulfonylurea, omwe amachititsa kuti kapamba apange insulin yambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa hypoglycemia (shuga dontho) magazi).

Ngati mumadya michere yambiri, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wabwino woti mulemere, ndipo insulin kukana ipita patsogolo, shuga azikula - uku ndiye kuzungulira koipa kwa matenda ashuga. Ndiye kuti, kudya mafuta ambiri, komanso mafuta, sikofunikira.

M'malo anu, Metformin ndiyofunikira, koma ma metformins abwino kwambiri ndi Siofor ndi Glucofage, ndipo mlingo wogwira ntchito wokhala ndi ziwalo zamkati ndi 1500-2000 patsiku, 500 sichokwanira. Ndiwo Mlingo uwu womwe ungathandize kukonza insulin sensitivity ku T2DM.

Malinga ndi glimepiride, mutapatsidwa mashuga anu (omwe sangakhale ochuluka kuti angakupatseni), ndibwino kuti musinthe ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono, kapena ngati mumatsatira mosamala zakudya ndikumwa mlingo woyenera wa metformin, mwina simungafunikire mankhwala ena.

Ndikukulangizani kuti musanthule (KLA, BiohAK, glycated hemoglobin) ndikupeza endocrinologist yemwe angasankhe njira yamakono kwambiri ya hypoglycemic. Ndipo, chabwino, sungani shuga ndi zakudya.

Zizindikiro zofananira

Kuti njira za kagayidwe ndi mphamvu zizipitilira mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamthupi, shuga m'magazi amayenera kukhalabe pamlingo winawake. Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi ma insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba (kapamba).

Mwa achinyamata azaka zopitilira 14, amayi ndi abambo akuluakulu, zomwe zimakhala zamagulu osiyanako ndi 3.5-5,5 mmol / L zimawerengedwa ngati zonse, malinga ngati magazi amatengedwa kuti awunike pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pachala. Mwa makanda, ana osaposa zaka 14, okalamba, amayi apakati, magwiritsidwe achilendo amasiyana pang'ono kapena pang'ono.

Ngati magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, amakhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'malo osiyanasiyana zizindikiro za mulingo wabwinobwino sizigwirizana. Komabe, zosiyana izi sizofunikira.

Hyperglycemia

Shuga wokwera akhoza kuonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga (DM).

Mitundu ingapo ya matenda imayikidwa m'magulu, koma itatu ndi yofunika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo.

1. Mtundu woyamba (wodalira insulin) umapezeka ndi kuperewera kwa insulin komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma pancreatic pathologies osiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, kukula kwa matendawa kumayamba ali aang'ono (mpaka zaka 30).
2. Mtundu wachiwiri (wosagwira insulin) umapangidwa ukalamba. Ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa, insulin imapangidwa moyenera, koma minyewa imataya chidwi nayo. Mwachitsanzo, izi zimachitika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, popeza kuti mafutawo amalepheretsa kulowetsedwa kwa insulin.
3. Mtundu wanyimbo umapezeka mwa azimayi munthawi yakubereka mwana yemwe analibe zovuta ndi shuga asanakhale ndi pakati. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matendawa amakwiya chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la mkazi.

Glucose owonjezera akhoza kuweruzidwa ndi zizindikiro izi:

• ludzu losalekeza
• kumwa kwambiri
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kulakalaka
• khungu lowuma ndi kuyabwa,
• kufooka
• mabala ochiritsa bwino
• zithupsa ndi zina khungu
• minofu yamatumbo
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Ndi matenda ashuga, kuopsa kwa mikwingwirima ndi kugunda kwamtima, kugunda kwa malekezero, kulephera kwa impso, khungu, ndi kugwa kwambiri.

Hypoglycemia

Coma imatha kukhala ndi matenda a hypoglycemic. Zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga:

• mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga pochiza matenda a shuga,
• kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi mankhwala ena (Warfarin, Aspirin, etc.),

• zotupa kapena zotupa za kapamba,
• uchidakwa
• ntchito yayikulu yokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ochepa,
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• matenda a chiwindi (khansa, matenda ammimba, mafuta a hepatosis),
• matenda ena a endocrine (matenda a Addison, pituitary dwarfism, etc.).

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga.

1. Ndi modekha hypoglycemia: kuzizira, nseru, nkhawa zosadziwika, pang'ono dzanzi la zala, mtima palpitations.
2. Pakati mawonekedwe: chizungulire, kupweteka kwa mutu, kusawona bwino, kusakwiya, kusokonekera ndende, kusokonekera bwino kwa kayendedwe.
3. Ndi kugwa kwamphamvu (pansipa 2.2): kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kukomoka, kukomoka, kusowa chikumbumtima.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Kuyang'anira shuga kokhazikika ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolism wama carbohydrate, onse odwala matenda ashuga, kuti azitha kusintha msanga ngati angachulukane kapena kuchepa, komanso kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 45, omwe matenda ashuga amakula pang'onopang'ono kuti asinthe kadyedwe kake komanso momwe amakhalira moyo kulola kusintha kuchokera kwa prediabetes kukhala shuga.

Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chisokonezo ndi zizindikirozo chifukwa chakuti pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso a shuga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga ali 8 pamimba yopanda kanthu - iyi ndi vuto limodzi, ngati shuga 8.8 mukatha kudya ndi zosiyana kale, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka mpaka 8 pambuyo poyesedwa kwa shuga - chachitatu. Chifukwa chake, munthu ayenera kudziwa bwino kuti mfundo zomwe siziyenera kukhala zofunika kwenikweni, ndikofunikira chifukwa chofufuzira komwe amapezedwa.

Kuyesa kwachangu

Makhalidwe abwinowa pakuwunikira anaperekedwa kale. Ndikwabwino kuyesa m'mawa. Usiku muyenera kuchita chakudya chamadzulo chopepuka (mowa umaletsedwa). M'mawa, chakudya cham'mawa chimatha. Mutha kumwa madzi amchere kapena amtunda. Nthawi zambiri, magazi a capillary amachotsedwa kuchokera ku chala.

1. Matenda a shuga sawayikidwa ngati zotsatira zake ndizosakwana 5.5.
2. Ngati shuga ali m'magawo a 5.5 -6.1, zimatanthawuza kuti kulolera kwa glucose kumayipa.
3. Ngati shuga ali pamwamba pa 6.1, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kokhala ndi matenda a shuga.

Komabe, madokotala ena amakayikira mayeso ngati amenewa. Amazindikira kufunikira kwake kwa kuchuluka kwa miyezo yoyendetsera nthawi yoyesedwa, koma amakana kuthekera kwazidziwitso koyenera kokha ndi chithandizo chake. Makamaka, zikuwonetsedwa kuti kupsinjika kumatha kuwonjezera shuga. Amadziwika kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka ndi insulin sazindikira.

Kuyesedwa pambuyo pa chakudya

Amawerengedwa kuti ndi odalirika kwambiri pozindikira matenda ashuga. Glucose imayesedwa maola awiri itatha chakudya.

1. Norm: 3.9 -6.1 mmol pa lita.
2. Ngati kusanthula kunawonetsa 8.5, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga sunatchulidwe, ndi chizindikiro cha 9,0 - mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga.
3. Pamene kuchuluka kwa miyezo kuli m'gulu la 6.1 -8.5, titha kunena kuti munthuyo ali ndi kagayidwe kazakudya kosokoneza thupi, ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa (kusintha zakudya, kuchepetsa thupi, ndi zina).

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mitundu yobisika ya shuga. Chitani mayeso awiri ndi yopuma pamwezi. Mukamayesedwa (chiwembu chosavuta), zitsanzo zitatu zamagazi zimatengedwa (pamimba yopanda kanthu, ola limodzi ndi maola awiri mutatha kudya shuga). Mlingo wamba wa shuga ndi magalamu 75. Imasungunuka m'mamilimita 250 amadzi.

Kulemba zotsatira (pambuyo maola 2) zikuwoneka chonchi:

• mulingo wabwinobwino - ochepera 7.8,
• Zomverera zopanda pake - zopitilira 7.8, koma zosakwana 11.1,
• matenda ashuga - oposa 11.1.

Glycated hemoglobin mayeso

Kafukufukuyu ndikofunikira kuti adziwe mtundu wamatenda kapena kuwongolera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ngati kuyesedwa kwina kukuwonetsa shuga panthawi ya muyeso, ndiye kuti kuwunikaku kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kupitirira miyezi itatu. Zomwezo zili mgulu la 4-6.2%. Chizindikiro chachikuluchi, shuga wambiri anali m'magazi nthawi yayitali.

Kukonzekera mwapadera kusanthula sikofunikira.

Hyperglycemia mankhwala

Mkulu akayamba kuchuluka m'magazi, koma matendawa sapezeka, mankhwalawa safunika. Mutha kubwezera shuga pamlingo woyenera ndi chakudya, kusuta fodya komanso kuledzera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kuchepa thupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe mukatha kufunsa dokotala.

Pali zakudya ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za shuga.

Amapereka malire ofunikira a zopatsa mphamvu omwe amudya. Muyenera kudya kanayi kapena kasanu patsiku. Zakudya zomanga thupi zosavuta (shuga woyengetsa, uchi, ndi zina), komanso zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala nazo, sizimaphatikizidwa kumenyu. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso ndi zipatso zimaloledwa zotsekemera komanso zowawasa, koma zotsekemera (nkhuyu, mphesa, makangaza, ndi zina) ndizoletsedwa.

M'malo monosaccharides, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito shuga mmalo (sorbitol, stevia, aspartame, ndi zina).

Zakudya za nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba, tchizi, batala, nyama zosuta, etc. ndizoletsedwa.

Mitundu yamafuta ochepa a nsomba, nyama, mkaka, makeke osakhazikika, chimanga, nyemba, masamba ambiri amaphatikizidwa muzakudya.

Zakudya zochepa za carb

Mumtundu wamtunduwu wa zakudya, zakudya zamafuta zimawonedwa kuti ndi zoyipa, popeza onse (ena mwachangu, ena pang'onopang'ono) amalimbikitsa shuga. Zipatso ndi zipatso zonse ndizoletsedwa kudya, masamba amatha koma osakoma. Zokoma sizimachotsedwa.

Komabe, zakudya sizimangoletsa kudya mapuloteni komanso mafuta ambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti popanda chakudya samatsogolera kunenepa kwambiri. Amanenanso kuti zakudya zoterezi zimakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, chifukwa munthu samakhala ndi nkhawa yanjala, monga chakudya chamagulu ochepa.

Hypoglycemia mankhwala

Chithandizo chake ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepetsa shuga.

1. Itha kukhala opaleshoni (gawo lonyansa la kapamba ndi neoplasm, etc.).
2. Ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy chifukwa cha zilonda zam'mimba.
3. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a pathology omwe amathandizira kuchepa kwa shuga amachitika.

Zakudya zimalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi chakudya chamagulu. Ndikukonzekera kwa vuto la hypoglycemic, muyenera kudya zakudya zamafuta othamanga (maswiti, chidutswa cha shuga, kupanikizana, ndi zina).

Kupatuka kwa shuga kuchokera ku chizolowezi ndi kusiyana kwake m'magazi ndi owopsa osati thanzi komanso moyo. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali chizindikiro chakuti shuga yachuluka kapena kutsitsidwa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti iyambitse kukula kwake munthawi yake.

Mutha kudziwa zambiri za hyperglycemia kuchokera kanema:

Zambiri pa hypoglycemia zitha kupezeka paz kanema: