Zoyenera kuchita ngati mwana ali ndi matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda okhalitsa. Lifehacker anafunsa endocrinologist a Renata Petrosyan ndi mayi wa mwana wodwala matenda ashuga a Maria Korchevskaya komwe matendawa amachokera komanso momwe angathere.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe thupi limatulutsa insulin. Hormoni iyi imatulutsa kapamba. Zimafunikira kuti glucose, yomwe imawonekera m'magazi mutatha kudya, imalowe m'maselo ndikusintha mphamvu.

Matenda a shuga agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

1. Poyamba, maselo omwe amayambitsa insulin amawonongeka. Chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika, palibe amene amadziwa maphunziro a Odwala: Matenda a shuga a mtundu 1. Koma insulin ikapanda kutulutsa, shuga amakhala m'magazi, ndipo maselo amafa ndi njala, ndipo izi zimadzetsa zotsatirapo zoopsa.
2. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulin imapangidwa, koma ma cell samayankha. Awa ndi matenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndikuphatikizidwa kwa genetics komanso chiopsezo.

Nthawi zambiri, ana amadwala matenda amtundu 1 shuga, matenda omwe samatengera ndi moyo wawo. Koma tsopano, matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, Matenda a shuga mu Ana ndi Achinyamata, omwe m'mbuyomu amadziwika kuti ndi matenda a okalamba, afikira pamawere a ana. Izi zalumikizidwa ndi mliri wa kunenepa kwambiri m'maiko otukuka.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi mwa ana. Imadziwoneka lokha nthawi zambiri wazaka zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi komanso kuchokera zaka 10 mpaka 14. Mwa ana osakwana zaka 19, zimawonjezera magawo awiri mwa atatu a matenda onse a shuga. Atsikana ndi anyamata amadwala chimodzimodzi.

Pafupifupi 40% ya milandu yodwala matenda a shuga 2 imayamba pakati pa zaka 10 ndi 14, ndipo otsala 60% - azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 19.

Ku Russia, pafupifupi 20% ya ana ndi onenepa kwambiri, ena 15% amadwala kunenepa kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamkulu pamutuwu sanachitike. Komabe, ana ochulukirapo onenepa kwambiri amabwera kwa madokotala.

Momwe mungadziwire kuti mwana ali ndi matenda ashuga

Simungalepheretse kapena kuneneratu za mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Zowopsa zake zimakhala zambiri ngati ndi matenda obadwa nawo, ndiye kuti, wina wochokera kubanja akudwala, koma izi sizofunikira: matenda ashuga amatha kuchitika, ngakhale aliyense m'banjamo ali wathanzi.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amasowa m'mayambiriro, makamaka ana ang'ono, chifukwa palibe amene amaganiza za matendawa komanso zizindikiro za hyperglycemia ndizovuta kuwona mu makanda. Chifukwa chake, mu zina mwa ana aang'ono, mwachitsanzo, ndimatenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana shuga kapena mkodzo.

1. Kukodza pafupipafupi. Impso zimayesetsa kuchotsa shuga wambiri mwanjira imeneyi ndikugwirira ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zina izi zimawonekera poti mwana adayamba kukodza pabedi usiku, ngakhale atakhala kuti sanagone popanda nthawi yayitali.
2. Udzu wokhazikika. Chifukwa chakuti thupi limataya madzimadzi ambiri, mwana amakhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse.
3. Khungu loyera.
4. Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi. Maselo alibe chakudya, motero thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungirako ndikuwononga minofu kuti ipeze mphamvu kuchokera kwa iwo.
5. Zofooka. Chifukwa chakuti glucose salowa m'maselo, mwana alibe mphamvu zokwanira.

Koma Zizindikirozi sizothandiza nthawi zonse kuzindikira matendawo kwa mwana yaying'ono panthawi yake. Ana nthawi zambiri amamwa popanda matenda aliwonse, ndipo mndandanda “kumwa ndi kulemba” ndiwo mkhalidwe wa ana. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, kwa nthawi yoyamba, ana amawonekera kuzipatala ndi zoopsa za ketoacidosis.

Ketoacidosis ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimachitika ndikusweka kwamphamvu kwamafuta. Glucose simalowa m'maselo, motero thupi limayesetsa kupeza mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta. Mwanjira imeneyi, zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina zimapangidwa - DKA ketones (Ketoac>.) Akadziunjikira m'magazi, amasintha acidity yake ndikuyambitsa poizoni. Zizindikiro zakunja zimakhala motere:

1. Ludzu lalikulu ndi kamwa youma.
2. Khungu lowuma.
3. Kupweteka kwam'mimba.
4. Kusanza ndi kusanza.
5. Mpweya woipa.
6. Kupuma kovuta.
7. Chikumbumtima chosokonezeka, kusiya kuganizira, kusiya kuzindikira.

Ketoacidosis ndiyowopsa ndipo imatha kudwala, chifukwa chake wodwala amafunika kuthandizidwa mwachangu.

Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amabwera mkati mwa kunenepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kubisala kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka zikafuna zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ena: kulephera kwa impso, kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko, khungu.

Chachikulu kwambiri, kukulira mtundu wa 2 shuga kwa ana kumakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa thupi ndikuchepetsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Ubwenzi wapakati pa kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga ndiwopambana pakati pa achinyamata kuposa achikulire. Chinthu chobadwa nacho chimakhalanso ndi gawo lalikulu. Ana atatu mwa atatu alionse odwala matenda a shuga a 2 ali ndi abale ake apamtima omwe ali ndi matendawa. Mankhwala ena amathanso kusokoneza thupi lanu kukhudzika ndi glucose.

Monga lamulo, achikulire omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali komanso samawongolera bwino mavuto awo amavutika ndi zotsatirapo zake.

Momwe mungachiritsire matenda a shuga ndipo angathe kupewedwa

Matenda a shuga samalandiridwa, ndimatenda omwe muyenera kukhala nawo moyo wonse.

Matenda a mtundu woyamba sangathe kupewedwa, odwala ayenera kumwa insulin, yomwe siyokwanira mthupi lawo. Insulin imalowetsedwa, ndipo iyi ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pochiritsa ana. Jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mayeso ovuta kwa mwana wazaka zilizonse, koma simungathe kuchita popanda iwo.

Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kupima magazi awo pafupipafupi ndi glucometer ndikupereka mahomoni molingana ndi dongosolo linalake. Kuti muchite izi, pali ma syringe ndi singano zopyapyala ndi cholembera: zotsalazo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Koma ndikosavuta kwa ana kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pump - kachipangizo kakang'ono komwe kamatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa pakakhala pofunika.

Kwa odwala ambiri, miyezi ingapo yoyambirira ya matenda imayenderana ndi namondwe wamatenda. Ndipo nthawi ino ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe zambiri za matendawa, za momwe mungadziyang'anire nokha, thandizo la kuchipatala, kuti jakisoni ikhale gawo chabe la moyo wanu wamba.

Ngakhale pali zowopsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, anthu ambiri amatha kupitiliza kukhala moyo wakhama ndikudya zakudya zomwe nthawi zonse amakhala nazo. Pokonzekera masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi tchuthi, ana ambiri amatha kuyeseza pafupifupi masewera aliwonse ndipo nthawi zina amadya ayisikilimu ndi maswiti ena.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri sangathe kupewedwa nthawi zonse, koma ndizotheka kuchepetsa zoopsa mukakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Komabe, malinga ndi a Renata Petrosyan, kufuna kukhala wathanzi komanso kudya wathanzi mpaka pano kumakhudza kwambiri achikulire kuposa ana: "Sukulu yotanganidwa imapangitsa kuti ana asamakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira yaulere. Amagwira ntchito m'mabwalo osiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali. Ma gadafi sathandizanso achinyamata kuyenda. Kupezeka kwa maswiti, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, tchipisi, maswiti, zopeka ndi zina ndizothandiza kwambiri kukulitsa kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana. "

The endocrinologist amalimbikitsa kuteteza ana ku chakudya chochuluka ndipo m'njira iliyonse amalimbikitsa kusuntha kulikonse. Izi ndizabwino kuposa kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kumwa mankhwala apadera, komanso kutsatira njira zina monga zofunikira za matenda ashuga a 2.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati makolo ali ndi matenda ashuga

Nthawi zambiri, makolo amazindikira kuti mwana ali kuchipatala, pomwe amapita kuchipatala chamankhwala odwala matenda ashuga. Tsoka ilo, malingaliro aku chipatala nthawi zambiri amasiyana kuchokera ku zenizeni ndipo pambuyo poti achotsa achibale sakudziwa choti atenge kaye poyamba. Maria akuvomereza izi:

1. Kubwerera kuchipatala, kuyitanitsa njira yowunikira glucose kuti ikwaniritse kutuluka kwanu okonzeka mokwanira. Pambuyo pozindikira matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire momwe mungayendetsere mkhalidwe wa mwana, popanda njira yowunikira ndikovuta kwambiri kwa ana ndi makolo.
2. Gulani jekeseni. Ngati njira yowunikira ikuthandizira kubwezeretsa zitsanzo zosatha zamagazi kuchokera pachala, ndiye kuti doko la jakisoni limathandizira kupanga jakisoni ochepa pamene insulin ikufunika. Ana salekerera zenizeni zenizeni za jakisoni, ndipo ochepa singano, amakhala bwino.
3. Gulani muyeso wamakhitchini. Izi ndizofunikira, mutha kugulitsanso mtundu womwe umawerengera mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya.
4. Gulani wokoma. Ana ambiri zimawavuta kusiya maswiti. Ndipo maswiti, makamaka poyamba, aletsedwa. Mukatero muphunzira momwe mungapewere matendawa m'njira yoti mutha kuwapatsa, koma pambuyo pake.
5. Sankhani malonda omwe mudzagwiritse ntchito popanga shuga wochepa. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kukhala madzi kapena mararmade. Mwanayo ayenera kukhala naye nthawi zonse.
6. Pezani mapulogalamu a m'manja owerengera chakudya chamagulu azakudya.
7. Sungani cholemba. Zolemba polemba mawu achilendo okhala ndi mizati itatu patsamba lino ndizoyenera kwambiri: nthawi ndi shuga, chakudya, mlingo wa insulin.
8. Osatengedwera mu njira zina ndi zina. Aliyense akufuna kuthandiza mwana ndipo ali wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse, koma ochiritsa, ogulitsa kunyumba ndi amatsenga sangapulumutse ndi matenda ashuga. Osataya mphamvu yanu ndi ndalama pa iwo.

Kodi maubwino a mwana wodwala matenda a shuga ndi otani?

Pokhapokha, ana odwala matenda ashuga amapatsidwa chilichonse chomwe amafunikira: matayeti a glucometer, insulini, singano za zolembera za syringe, zofunika pampu. Kuchokera kudera kupita kumadera, zinthu zikusintha, koma mwanjira zambiri palibe zosokoneza pakupereka kwa mankhwala. Mabanja akuyenera kugula mzere, koma matekinoloje owunika a glucose alipo, zomwe ndi zomwe Maria Korchevskaya amalimbikitsa.

Zipangizo zowunikira za glucose zilipo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kugula izo kuposa kugula zingwe ndikupanga zitsanzo za chala kuchokera kwa ana. Makina amatumiza deta mphindi zisanu zilizonse kwa mafoni a mwana ndi makolo komanso kumtambo, nthawi yeniyeni akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zowonongeka zitha kulembetsa - iyi ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi zinthu zamankhwala. M'malo mwake, imapatsanso mwayi wowonjezera ndi maubwino: maubwino azachuma, matikiti, matikiti.

Ndi kulumala, zododometsa: aliyense amadziwa kuti matenda ashuga ndi osachiritsika, koma mwana ayenera kutsimikizira momwe alili munthu wopunduka komanso kukayezetsa kuchipatala chaka chilichonse. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupita kuchipatala kuti mukatenge zikalata zambiri, ngakhale shuga atalipidwa ndipo mwana akumva bwino. Nthawi zina, kulumala kumachotsedwa, ndikofunikira kumenyera.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kupita ku sukulu ya ana, koma izi zimaphatikizapo zovuta zambiri. Ndikosavuta kulingalira kuti aphunzitsi amapatsa jakisoni kwa mwanayo ku kindergarten kapena kuti mwana wazaka zitatu azidzawerengera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe akuyenera kutenga.

China chake ndikuti ngati mwana ali ndi mapulogalamu opangidwa molondola omwe amapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga. Zipangizo zamakono zimapereka moyo wosiyana.

Ngati mwana ali ndi chipangizo chowonera shuga komanso pampu yokonzedwa, ndiye kuti amangofunika akanikizire mabatani ochepa. Kenako malo owonjezera othandizira ndi mabungwe apadera sofunikira. Chifukwa chake, zoyesayesa zonse ziyenera kuponyedwa kwa zida zamakono.