Kodi shuga amadziwika bwanji ndi matenda a shuga: njira zopangira (shuga wa magazi)

Zizindikiro zakale za mitundu 2 ya matenda ashuga:

  • ludzu lalikulu (kufunitsitsa kosamwa madzi ochuluka),
  • polyuria (pokodza pokodza),
  • kutopa (kufooka pafupipafupi),
  • kusakhazikika
  • matenda pafupipafupi (makamaka pakhungu ndi ziwalo za urogenital).
  • dzanzi kapena khungu loyenda m'miyendo kapena mikono,
  • kuchepa kowoneka bwino (kuwona kopepuka kapena kusawona).

Zovuta (zitha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga):

  • candida (fungal) vulvovaginitis ndi balanitis (kutupa kwamkati mwa akazi ndi amuna),
  • zilonda zam'mimba zopweteka kapena matenda a staphylococcal pakhungu (totupa totupa, kuphatikizapo furunculosis pakhungu),
  • polyneuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamanjenje, yowonetsedwa ndi paresthesia - kukwawa ndikukwawa ndi miyendo,
  • kukanika kwa erectile (kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa penile mwa amuna),
  • angiopathy (yafupika patency yam'mitsempha ya mtima ndi kupweteka m'dera la mtima wam'munsi, womwe umawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka komanso kumva kutentha kwa mapazi.

Zizindikiro zapamwamba (zisonyezo) za matenda a shuga zomwe zimaperekedwa pamwambapa sizimawonedwa nthawi zonse. Dandaulo LABWINO - KUTHA KWAULERE! Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala asymptomatic, chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira kuchokera kwa dokotala wabanja.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Ngati madokotala apeza matenda a shuga, chinthu choyamba kuchita kuti adziwe matendawa ndi kuyezetsa magazi a shuga. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezedwa, kupezeka kwa matenda ndi chithandizo chotsatira kumayikidwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, mfundo zamagazi zomwe zakonzedwa zidasinthidwa, koma masiku ano, makhwala amakono akhazikitsa njira zomveka bwino zomwe si madokotala okha, komanso odwala omwe akuyenera kuwongoleredwa.

Kodi ndi dokotala liti amene amadwala matenda ashuga?

  1. Kuthamanga shuga wamagazi kumayesedwa kuti ndikuchokera 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita, maola awiri mutatha kudya, glucose amatha kukwera mpaka 7.8 mmol / lita.
  2. Ngati kusanthula kwawonetsa zotsatira za 5.5 mpaka 6.7 mmol / lita pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / lita imodzi mukatha kudya, kupezeka kwa vuto la shuga.
  3. Matenda a shuga amakhalapo ngati zizindikirozo pamimba yopanda kanthu zikuposa 6.7 mmol ndi maola awiri mutatha kudya zoposa 11.1 mmol / lita.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zaperekedwa, ndikotheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mellitus osati m'makoma a chipatala, komanso kunyumba, ngati mukuyesa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Momwemonso, zizindikirozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire momwe chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chikugwirira ntchito. Kwa matenda, amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino ngati magazi a shuga ali pansi pa 7.0 mmol / lita.

Komabe, kuti izi zitheke ndizovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kuyesetsa kwa odwala ndi madokotala awo.

Kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga

Njira zomwe tatchulazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa kuwopsa kwa matendawa. Dokotala amawona kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga mellitus potengera mulingo wa glycemia. Mavuto obwera nawonso ali ndi gawo lalikulu.

  • Mu shuga mellitus wa digiri yoyamba, shuga yamagazi siyidutsa 6-7 mmol / lita. Komanso, mu diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin ndi proteinuria ndizabwinobwino. Shuga mumkodzo sapezeka. Gawo ili limanenedwa kukhala loyamba, matendawa amalipiriridwa mokwanira, mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mavuto omwe akudwala samapezeka.
  • Mu shuga mellitus wa digiri yachiwiri, kubwezeretsa pang'ono kumawonedwa. Mwa wodwala, dokotala akuwulula kuphwanya impso, mtima, zida zowoneka, mitsempha yamagazi, kuchepa kwapadera ndi zovuta zina. Magazi a glucose amachokera pa 7 mpaka 10 mmol / lita, pomwe shuga samapezeka. Glycosylated hemoglobin ndiyabwinobwino kapena akhoza kukwezedwa pang'ono. Kulimbana kwamkati kwamkati sikupezeka.
  • Ndi matenda a shuga a degree yachitatu, matendawa amapita patsogolo. Magazi a shuga amachokera 13 mpaka 14 mmol / lita. Mu mkodzo, mapuloteni ndi shuga amapezeka wambiri. Dokotalayo akuwulula zowonongeka zamkati. Mawonedwe a wodwalayo amatsika kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachulukitsidwa, miyendo imatha ndipo wodwala matenda ashuga amataya ululu waukulu. Glycosylated hemoglobin imasungidwa pamalo okwera.
  • Ndi matenda a shuga a digiri yachinayi, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zovuta zina. Mwanjira imeneyi, shuga wa magazi amafika pamlingo wovuta wa 15-25 mmol / lita ndi kukwera. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin sangakwanitse kulipirira matendawa. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulephera kwa impso, chilonda cha matenda ashuga, matenda am'mimba. Panthawi imeneyi, wodwala amakonda kuperewera matenda ashuga pafupipafupi.

Mavuto a matendawa

Matenda a shuga enieniwo samapha, koma zovuta ndi zotsatira za matendawa ndizowopsa.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zimawonedwa kuti ndikodwala matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka mwachangu kwambiri. Wodwalayo amakumana ndi zoletsa zomwe zimachitika kapena amasiya kudziwa. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za chikomokere, wodwalayo ayenera kuchipatala kuchipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere, zimalumikizidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa poizoni m'thupi zomwe zimawononga maselo amitsempha. Chofunikira chachikulu pa mtundu uwu wa chikomachi ndi kununkhira kosaletseka kwa asetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Ndi chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic, wodwalayo amataya chikumbumtima, thupi limakutidwa ndi thukuta lozizira. Komabe, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa impso mu odwala matenda ashuga, kutupa kwa ziwalo zakunja ndi zamkati kumawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amakula kwambiri. Ngati edema ili asymmetrically, mwendo umodzi kapena phazi lokha, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a m'munsi am'munsi, omwe amathandizidwa ndi neuropathy.

Ndi matenda a shuga a shuga, odwala matenda ashuga amamva kupweteka kwambiri m'miyendo. Zowawa zimakulirakulira chifukwa cha kulimbitsa thupi kulikonse, kotero wodwalayo amayenera kuyima akuyenda. Matenda a diabetes a neuropathy amayambitsa kupweteka usiku m'miyendo. Poterepa, miyendo imaduka ndipo pang'ono ndimalephera kumva. Nthawi zina kumverera pang'ono koyaka kungawonedwe m'dera la shin kapena phazi.

Kapangidwe ka zilonda zam'mimba pamiyendo kumakhala gawo lina pakapangidwe ka angiopathy ndi neuropathy. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kulandira chithandizo ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawo ziwoneka, apo ayi matendawa angayambitse kudula chiwalo.

Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga angiopathy, mitengo ikuluikulu komanso yayikulu amakhudzidwa. Zotsatira zake, magazi sangathe kufika kumapazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda opweteka. Mapazi amasandulika ofiira, kupweteka kwambiri kumamveka, patapita kanthawi cyanosis amawonekera ndipo khungu limakutidwa ndi matuza.

X - cholesterol

Muli ndi mitundu iwiri ya cholesterol m'magazi anu: LDL ndi HDL. Cholesterol oyamba kapena "oyipa" amadziunjikira pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, potero kutsekereza magazi. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yambiri "yoyipa" nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa vuto la mtima kapena kugunda kwa mtima.

HDL kapena cholesterol “yabwino” imathandiza kuchotsa cholesterol “yoyipa” m'mitsempha mwanu. Cholesterol "Chabwino" ndimadyanso komanso momwe mumakhalira, kotero ndikubwereza - zonse zili m'manja mwanu.

Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati magazi anga atatsika kwambiri?

Nthawi zina shuga wamagazi amatsika kwambiri, omwe amatchedwa hypoglycemia (kutsitsa shuga wamagazi). Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo ndi kotsika kwambiri ngati atatsikira pansi pa 70 mg / dl.

Samachita nthabwala ndi hypoglycemia, popeza imakhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo, chifukwa chake, imayenera kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati magazi anga atakwera kwambiri?

Madokotala amatcha izi hyperglycemia.

Zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti glucose wamagazi anu akhoza kukhala ochuluka kwambiri ndi:

  • kumverera kwa ludzu
  • kumva wotopa kapena kufooka
  • mutu
  • kukodza pafupipafupi
  • mawonekedwe osaneneka

Ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi shuga wambiri kapena zizindikiro za izi, mungafunike kusintha zakudya zanu, mankhwala, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kodi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 amapezeka liti?

Ngati pali zodandaula (onani gawo lapitalo) kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, ndikofunikira kulembetsa kamodzi kuchuluka kwa glucose amodzi kuchokera chala pamwamba 11.1 mmol / l kamodzi (onani tebulo 5).

Tebulo 5. Glucose ndende zosiyanasiyana kagayidwe kagayidwe:

Chizindikiro cha mmol / l

Mlingo wa glucose -
kuchokera capillary (kuyambira chala)

m'magazi am'magazi -
kuchokera ku mtsempha

Nkhani ya m'modzi wa owerenga athu, Inga Eremina:

Kulemera kwanga kunali kovutitsa, ndimalemera ngati 3 sumo wrestler ophatikizidwa, omwe ndi 92kg.

Momwe mungachotsere kulemera kwathunthu? Kodi mungathane ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni ndi kunenepa kwambiri? Koma palibe chomwe chimasokoneza kapena chinyamata kwa munthu monga kuchuluka kwake.

Koma chochita kuti muchepetse kunenepa? Opaleshoni ya laser liposuction? Ndinazindikira - osachepera 5000 dollars. Njira zama Hardware - kutikita minofu ya LPG, cavitation, kukweza kwa RF, myostimulation? Zotsika mtengo zochepa - maphunzirowa amatenga ndalama zokwana ma ruble 80,000 ndi katswiri wazakudya zothandizira. Mutha kuyesa kuthamanga, mpaka kumisala.

Ndipo kupeza nthawi yonseyi? Inde komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri. Makamaka tsopano. Chifukwa chake, ndekha, ndidasankha njira ina.

Matenda a shuga Kusala kudya e 6.1 e 6.1 mawola awiri pambuyo pa TSH kapena mutatha kudya e 11.1 e 12.2 Kutsimikiza mosakhazikika kwa nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za kudya kwa e 11.1 e 12.2 shuga wolimbitsa

Chaka chilichonse, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo chikukula pang'onopang'ono. Pathology yatsimikizika kale m'magawo amtsogolo, kotero ndizosatheka kuti ichotse. Kulemala koyambirira, kukula kwa zovuta zovuta, kufa kwakukulu - izi ndi zomwe matenda amadwala.

Matenda a shuga ali ndi mitundu ingapo; amatha kuchitika mwa achikulire, amayi oyembekezera, ngakhale ana. Zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiritso za pathological zochitika zimalumikizidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi - hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi), omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yolembera. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, ndi njira ziti zomwe zingatsimikizire kuopsa kwa matendawa, ndi njira ziti zomwe amathandizira kuzindikira matendawa.

Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa kupanga kwa insulin kapena kusokonekera kwa ntchito m'thupi la munthu. Njira yoyamba ndiyo mtundu wa matenda 1 - amadalira insulin. Pazifukwa zingapo, zida zapazida za pancreatic insulin sizitha kupanga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zamahomoni zomwe ndizofunikira pakugawa mamolekyulu a shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'maselo a m'mitsempha.

Mu mtundu wachiwiri (shuga yosadalira insulin), chitsulo chimatulutsa timadzi tokwanira, koma momwe maselo ndi minofu yake imadzitsimikizira. Phula silimawona insulini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti shuga sangalowe m'maselo ndi chithandizo chake. Zotsatira zake zimakhala kuti minofu imamva mphamvu yamphamvu, ndipo glucose onse amakhalanso m'magazi ochuluka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a insulin amadalira matenda:

  • cholowa - ngati pali wachibale wodwala, mwayi wa "kutenga" matenda omwewo umachulukana kangapo,
  • matenda a chiyambi cha mavairasi - tikulankhula za mumps, kachilombo ka Coxsackie, rubella, enteroviruses,
  • kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies ku ma cell a pancreatic omwe akuphatikizidwa ndikupanga insulin.

Matenda a 2 a shuga ali ndi mndandanda wazofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

  • chibadwire
  • kuchuluka kwa thupi - chinthucho chimakhala choyipa kwambiri chikaphatikizidwa ndi atherosulinosis, kuthamanga kwa magazi,
  • kumangokhala
  • kuphwanya malamulo a kudya zakudya zabwino,
  • zoyambira zamtima zam'mbuyomu,
  • kupsinjika kosalekeza
  • chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala ena.

Kuzindikirika kwa matenda ashuga opatsirana kumachitika kwa amayi apakati, omwe matendawa adatulukira ndendende ndikutsutsana ndi maziko awo "osangalatsa". Amayi oyembekezera amayang'anizana ndi matenda atatha sabata la 20 kubereka. Makina a chitukuko akufanana ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, ndiye kuti, kapamba wa mkazi amatulutsa timadzi tambiri tomwe timagwira mu ma cell, koma maselo amataya chidwi chake.

Kodi matenda a prediabetes ndi momwe angachitire?

Chizindikiro chowopsa cha matenda a shuga ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi pamiyeso yokhazikitsidwa mutatha kudya. Pankhaniyi, adokotala atha kuzindikira matenda a prediabetes. Munthawi imeneyi, odwala amatha kuwongolera matenda awo popanda mankhwala. Koma akuyenera kudziwa zomwe zizindikiro za prediabetes zimadziwika komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chotchulidwa mogwirizana ndi chiwembu chanji.

Zokhudza boma

Kuzindikira kwa prediabetes kumakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati thupi sililabadira moyenera kutuluka kwa glucose kulowa m'magazi. Izi ndi malire: endocrinologist alibe chifukwa chokhazikitsira matenda a shuga, koma mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukuda nkhawa.

Kuti muzindikire za matendawa, kuyezetsa angapo ma labotale ndikofunikira. Poyamba, wodwalayo amatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Gawo lotsatira ndikupangitsa kuyesa kwa glucose kulolerana (GTT). Pa kafukufukuyu, magazi amatha kumwedwa katatu.

Mpanda woyamba umachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, wachiwiri ola limodzi munthu atamwa njira yothetsera shuga: 75 g, yovilitsidwa mu 300 ml yamadzi. Ana amapatsidwa 1.75 g pa kilogalamu yolemera.

Mukamasala kudya, magazi othamanga sayenera kupitirira 5.5 mmol / L. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi umakwera mpaka 6 mmol / l wokhala ndi prediabetes. Umu ndi momwe amafunikira kuyezetsa magazi. Ngati magazi a venous sampling adachitidwa, ndiye kuti ndende imayang'aniridwa kuti ndi yofikira mpaka 6.1, yokhala ndi malire amalire, zizindikirozo zili mu 6.1-7.0.

Pa GTT, zizindikiro zimawunikira motere:

  • shuga wambiri mpaka 7.8 amadziwika kuti ndiwopezeka,
  • kuchuluka kwa shuga pakati pa 7.8 ndi 11.0 ndi matenda a prediabetes,
  • shuga zomwe zili pamwamba pa 11.0 - shuga.

Madokotala samachotsa mawonekedwe owoneka kuti ali ndi zotsatira zabodza kapena zabodza chifukwa chake, pofuna kufotokozera bwino za matendawo, ndikofunika kupimidwa kawiri konse.

Gulu lamavuto

Malinga ndi ziwonetsero, akuluakulu aku Russia oposa 2,5 miliyoni ndi odwala matenda ashuga. Koma malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso owongolera ndi miliri, zinavumbulutsidwa kuti pafupifupi anthu 8 miliyoni ali ndi matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti odwala 2/3 samapita kuchipatala kukalandira chithandizo chokwanira. Ambiri aiwo sadziwa nkomwe kuzindikirika kwawo.

Malinga ndi malingaliro a WHO, patatha zaka 40 ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa glucose pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mukalowa gulu lamavuto, izi zikuyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kwa boma la prediabetes, kupereka mankhwala, kutsatira zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakuthandizani kuti muziwongolera matendawa.

Gulu lamavuto limaphatikizapo anthu onenepa kwambiri. Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, muyenera kutaya 10-15% kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Ngati wodwala ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu, BMI yake imaposa 30, ndiye kuti matendawa amakhala ndi shuga.

Amayi omwe ali ndiudindo amakhala ndi matenda a shuga, pomwe kuthamanga kwa glucose kumakhala mkati mwa malire, koma mutatha kudya, kulumikizana kwakuthwa kuzizindikiro. Chodabwitsa cha matenda ashuga azimayi apakati ndikuti mwana akangobadwa ndi matendawa amachoka yekha.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga kwa ana

Nthawi zambiri, makolo amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala pokhapokha ngati mwana ali ndi vuto losazindikira. Dokotala wa ambulansi yemwe ali ndi diso lophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kudziwa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Awa ndi shuga wambiri kwambiri osagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga. Amayambitsa nseru, kusanza, kununkhira kwa acetone mu mpweya wotuluka, komanso zizindikiro zina zopweteka.

Kuyeza magazi m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti chizindikirike mosavuta.

Nthawi zina mwa ana omwe amayesedwa pafupipafupi, shuga wokwezeka wokwanira amapezeka. Komabe, sipangakhale zizindikiro zooneka za matenda ashuga.

Mapulogalamu ovomerezeka azidziwitso amalimbikitsa muzochitika zotere kuyesa kwa glucose. Komabe, awa ndi kafukufuku wautali komanso wamanjenje.

Kuyesa kwa hemoglobin kwa glycated kumatha kuchitika ndi zotsatira zofanana. Tikubwerezanso kuti sikofunikira kuchita kukayezetsa magazi a antibodies.

Chifukwa ndi okwera mtengo komanso osathandiza. Mwambiri, shuga wambiri mwa ana amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a shuga 1 a autoimmune.

M'mayiko a CIS, matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri safuna kwenikweni m'maso mwa ana onenepa kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro, zenizeni, zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, zakudya ndi chithandizo.

Kusunthika kwawo ndikovuta, ndipo mayendedwe amayenda ndi zowawa. Nthawi zambiri, ma syringe kapena ma syringe amapadera amapangira jakisoni wa insulin.

Mwinanso, posakhalitsa padzakhala chithandizo chomwe chidzakulolani kusiya zakudya ndi jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa insulin. Masiku ano, ma charlatans okha ndi omwe angapereke chithandizo chokwanira kwa mwana wanu wodwala matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zosowa, njira yamatendawa imakulirakulira - izi ndizowopsa. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti mpaka nthawi iyi mwana asakumane ndi zovuta zosasintha.

Makolo a mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndiwo amachititsa. Kuphunzitsa munthu kuchokera kunja kudzakusinthani ndizokayikitsa.

  • Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga Zizindikiro zoyambira matenda ashuga.
  • Matenda a shuga, mitundu 1 ndi 2, Zizindikiro, Zizindikiro, chithandizo
  • Matenda a shuga - zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, matenda, mankhwala.
  • Matenda a shuga. Endocrinology -
  • Matenda a shuga, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a matenda ashuga

Kuzindikira kwa matenda osokoneza bongo amadziwika ndi odwala ambiri ngati chiganizo: matenda osachiritsika omwe amafunikira kuwunikira nthawi zonse ndikuwopseza ndi zovuta zazikulu. Mtundu Wachiwiri mwa ana m'maiko olankhula Chirasha ndi osowa.

Neumyvakin ndi n matenda a shuga a matenda a shuga

Hyperglycemia ndi vuto lomwe limalumikizana ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amawoneka mwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Pali magawo angapo pazinthu izi:

  • ndi siteji yofatsa, zizindikiro zimayambira pa 6.7 mpaka 8.2 mmol / l (motsatana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, zofanana ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda amtundu 1),
  • kuopsa kozama - kuyambira 8.3 mpaka 11.0,
  • cholemera - kuyambira 11.1,
  • chitukuko cha precoma - kuyambira 16.5,
  • kukula kwa hyperosmolar chikomokere - kuchokera 55,5 mmol / l.

Vuto lalikulu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, akatswiri samalingalira zamankhwala, koma zovuta za hyperinsulinemia pantchito ya ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe. Pankhaniyi, impso, chapakati mantha dongosolo, kuzungulira kwa dongosolo, owunika kupenda, minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo kuvutika.

Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti musangotengera zokhazo, komanso nthawi zomwe shuga umapezeka. Mkhalidwe wowopsa ndikuwonjezereka kwake kuposa momwe zimakhalira mutangodya. Pankhaniyi, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, zowonjezera zimawonekera:

  • zotupa zomwe zimapezeka pakhungu pakhungu, zilonda sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
  • angulitis imawoneka pamilomo (yotchedwa "zaedi", yomwe imapangidwa m'makona amkamwa,
  • m`kamwa kutulutsa magazi kwambiri
  • munthu amakhala woopsa, ntchito zimachepa,
  • kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe - tikulankhula za kusakhazikika mtima.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga amtundu 1

Uku ndikuwerengera magawo a magazi a biochemical, kuwonjezeka kwa mulingo womwe kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga komanso / kapena kusathandiza kwake kwamankhwala.

Zotsatira zakusaka zimaperekedwa ndi ndemanga yaulere ndi dokotala.

Kuyesa Kwa Matenda a shuga a Mellitus.

Njira ya Immunoinhibition, njira ya enzymatic UV (hexokinase).

Kwa glycated hemoglobin -%, wa glucose wa m'madzi - mmol / l (millimol pa lita).

Kodi ndi zotsalira ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kafukufuku?

Mimba, magazi a capillary.

Momwe mungakonzekerere phunzirolo?

  • Osamadya kwa maola 12 musanapereke magazi.
  • Chotsani kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro mphindi 30 phunzirolo lisanachitike.
  • Osasuta kwa mphindi 30 musanakonze.

Phunziro Mwachidule

Matenda a 2 a shuga amatha nthawi yayitali kwa zaka zambiri osayambitsa matenda owopsa. Kukhala bwino kukukulira pang'onopang'ono, koma odwala ochepa amawona dokotala pazomwezi.

Mwazi wokwera m'magazi nthawi zambiri umadziwika mwangozi. Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, muyenera kuyesa mayeso a labotale a glycated hemoglobin.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa magazi posala shuga. Zifukwa za izi tafotokozazi.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwayeza pafupipafupi ndi glucometer pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikudya, koma osazindikira kuti ali ndi mankhwalawo.

Zizindikiro zochepa za matenda amitundu yachiwiri:

  • acanthosis nigricans (wakuda acanthosis) - khungu lakuda m'miyendo ya thupi pakhosi, mgulu, munkhokwe ndi m'malo ena,
  • hirsutism - kukula kwambiri kwa tsitsi mwa akazi malinga ndi mtundu wamwamuna.

Pambuyo pozindikira kuti wodwalayo wapezeka, wodwalayo amayenera kupimidwa moyenerera.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mavuto kwa madokotala. Chifukwa ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakula msanga ndikupangitsa kuti zizindikire kwambiri.

Dokotala amafunika kuti athetse matenda ena osowa omwe amachulukitsa shuga wamagazi, amachititsa ludzu kwambiri komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Izi zimatha kukhala kapamba, kupweteka kwa impso, komanso zotupa za endocrine zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga mahomoni opanga kukula, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, glucagon kapena somatostatin.

Tikubwerezanso kuti kuphwanya zonsezi ndikosowa. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga ndi omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ludzu komanso malaise ambiri.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mtundu 1 wa shuga ndi mtundu 2?

Funsani C-peptide ndi chiyani komanso momwe imagwirizanirana ndikupanga insulin. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwazowonetsa izi ndizochepa, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, umakhala wabwinobwino kapena wapamwamba. Odwala a shuga a Type 2 nthawi zambiri amakhala onenepa kwambiri. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amakhala owonda komanso owonda. Ngakhale nthawi zina matendawa amakula chifukwa chokhala onenepa kwambiri.

M'malo mwake, malire pakati pa matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2 ndiwowoneka bwino ndipo amachititsa odwala ambiri. Chifukwa chakuti autoimmune kuukira kwa maselo a beta kumachitika mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2, monga momwe amachitira odwala matendawa a mtundu woyamba.

Pochita zolimbitsa thupi, ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga, ngakhale atazindikirika, samatha kupereka mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Afunika kusinthira ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa, kenako ayambe kubayirira insulin.

Odwala onenepa amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito metformin ya mankhwala ngati pakati pakati pa zakudya ndi insulin.

Matenda a shuga

Mavuto opatsirana mwa odwala omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma" ndizofala kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mwachangu antimicrobial mankhwala kuti athetse nthawi yake. Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe maantibayotiki amatha kupezeka ndi matenda ashuga.

  • Mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso matenda ashuga
  • Mukugwiritsa ntchito liti mankhwala opha tizilombo?
  • Zofooka pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa
  • Matenda opatsirana a thirakiti

Ziyenera kufotokozedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti kudya kwa gululi kwa mankhwala kuyenera kuchitidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala komanso kuchokera pakumuyendetsa. Hyperglycemia amasintha momwe zimakhalira kagayidwe kachakudya. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi thupi lathanzi.

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa za izi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zovuta zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito antimicrobials omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma".

Mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso matenda ashuga

Musanagwiritse ntchito mwachindunji mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuphunzira zoopsa zonse zomwe zingayembekezere wodwala akamamwa mankhwala.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

  1. Mapeto a matenda.
  2. Ukalamba.
  3. Wapangidwa kale zovuta za matendawa (micro- ndi macroangiopathy, retinopathy, nephro- ndi neuropathy).
  4. Kutalika kwa matendawa (zaka ˃10).
  5. Kukhalapo kwa kusintha kwa ntchito ya zinthu zina za chitetezo chamthupi ndi chamoyo chonsecho (kuchepa kwa zochitika za neutrophils, phagocytosis ndi chemotaxis).

Dotolo akazindikira mbali zonsezi, azitha kukhazikitsa bwino mankhwala omwe wodwala amayenera kupewa ndikulimbana ndi zovuta zingapo.

Komanso, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za mfundo zofunika zotsatirazi:

  1. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana othandizira odwala matenda ashuga samatengera mphamvu ya mankhwala a hypoglycemic (insulin ndi mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa shuga ya serum). Chifukwa chake, sulfonamides ndi macrolides amaletsa michere, yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala othandizira amalowa m'magazi, ndipo zotsatira ndi nthawi ya ntchito yawo imawonjezeka. Rifampicin, m'malo mwake, amalepheretsa kukhudzana ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic.
  2. Microangiopathy imatsogolera ku sclerosis ya ziwiya zazing'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyamba mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ndi jakisoni wamkati, osati ndi jakisoni m'misempha, monga chizolowezi. Mukangokhutitsa thupi ndi muyezo wofunikira mutha kusintha mankhwalawa.

Mukugwiritsa ntchito liti mankhwala opha tizilombo?

Ma tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kupatsira pafupifupi mbali zonse za thupi.

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri:

  • Njira yamikodzo
  • Chiwonetsero cha khungu
  • Otsika kupuma thirakiti.

Matenda a urinary thirakiti (UTIs) amayamba chifukwa cha kupangika kwa nephropathy. Chotchinga cha impso sichigwira ntchito ndi 100% ndipo mabakiteriya amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo ili.

  • Muli ndi minyewa yaimpso,
  • Pyelonephritis,
  • Papillary necrosis
  • Cystitis.

Maantibayotiki a matenda a shuga pankhaniyi amadziwika ndi izi:

  1. Mankhwala ayenera osiyanasiyana mawonekedwe a zoyambira zamphamvu mankhwala. Mpaka pomwe wothandizila wa causative akhazikitsidwa ndendende, cephalosporins ndi fluoroquinolones amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
  2. Kutalika kwa chithandizo cha mitundu yama UTI kuchulukitsa kwazomwe zimachitika pafupifupi kawiri. Cystitis - masiku 7-8, pyelonephritis - 3 milungu.
  3. Ngati wodwalayo akula ndi nephropathy, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuwonetsa impso. Pachifukwa ichi, clearinine clearance ndi glomerular filtration rate zimayezedwa nthawi zonse.
  4. Pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kusintha.

Zofooka pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa

Chotupa chotere nthawi zambiri chimadziwoneka ngati:

  • Furunculosis,
  • Carbuncle
  • Matenda a matenda ashuga
  • Fasciitis.

Choyamba, kuti muchepetse chizindikiro chake, ndikofunikira kusintha glycemia. Ndiwowonjezera shuga m'magazi omwe amachititsa kuti matendawo apitirire komanso amachepetsa kukonza minofu yofewa.

Mfundo zina zochiritsira zatsalira:

  1. Kuwonetsetsa kupumula kwathunthu ndikumasulira kwamanja miyendo yovulala (pankhani ya phazi la matenda ashuga).
  2. Kugwiritsa ntchito antimicrobials zamphamvu. Cephalosporins mibadwo itatu, carbapenems, penicillin wotetezedwa nthawi zambiri amakhala mankhwala. Kusankha kwamankhwala kumadalira kuzindikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso machitidwe a wodwala. Kutalika kwa mankhwala osachepera masiku 14.
  3. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira opaleshoni (kuchotsa minofu yakufa kapena kukhetsa kwa purulent foci).
  4. Kuwunikira mosalekeza ntchito zofunika. Ndi kuchulukana kwa njirayi ikhoza kukhala funso lakuchotsa manja.

Matenda opatsirana a thirakiti

Maantibayotiki othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe amapezeka ndi chibayo kapena bronchitis amadziwika malinga ndi dongosolo logwirizana la chipatala. Muyenera kuyamba ndi ma penicillin otetezedwa (Amoxiclav), mopitilira pamenepa. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muziwonetsetsa momwe mapapu aliri. Njira yowonjezera yogwiritsira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kupereka mankhwala a antibacterial a shuga kumafuna chisamaliro chachikulu ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa dokotala. Popeza majeremusi nthawi zonse amagwirira ntchito thupi la munthu ndi "matenda otsekemera", ndikofunikira kulingalira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana omwe amaletsa kufa kwa microflora yawo.

Ndi njira iyi, zitha kusintha mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala oopsa.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga izi:

MUNGATANI ZOLENGA?

Katundu wa glycemic komanso zinsinsi zopatsa thanzi mu shuga

Ubwino wodabwitsa wa tiyi wa rooibos

NKHANI ZA ZIWANDA

Matenda a shuga? Yakwana nthawi yopanga zibwenzi ndi masewera!

Momwe mungasungire thanzi: malangizo a dokotala wamkulu Nikolai Amosov

Njira zoyenera za matenda omwe ali ndi pakati omwe alibe odwala

Pali zisonyezo zingapo pamtundu womwe kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga kumatsimikiziridwa:

  • Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi kutenga michere kuchokera kumitsempha pambuyo pa kusala kudya kwa maola 8 (i.e., pamimba yopanda kanthu), uli pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L. Ngati tikulankhula za magazi a capillary (kuyambira chala), chiwerengerochi ndi 6.1 mmol / L.
  • Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zamankhwala ndikudandaula kwa wodwala kuphatikiza manambala a glycemic pamtunda wa 11 mmol / l mukamamwa zinthu nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za kuyamwa kwa chakudya mthupi.
  • Kukhalapo kwa glycemia kopitilira 11 mmol / l motsutsana ndi maziko a mayeso a shuga (GTT), omwe ndi maola 2 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lokoma.

HbA1c ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikika kwa matenda ashuga. Ichi ndi glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin, chosonyeza glycemia wapakati kotala yomaliza. HbA1c imawerengedwa ngati chitsimikiziro cholondola komanso chotsimikizika chotsimikizira kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia yayitali. Kugwiritsa ntchito, mutha kuwerengenso kuopsa kwa zovuta za "matenda okoma" mwa wodwala.

Pozindikira matenda ashuga:

  • Kuzindikira kumachitika ngati manambala ali pamwamba pa 6.5%. Palibe zizindikiro za matendawa, kuwunikanso mobwerezabwereza ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zoyambilira sizinali zabodza.
  • Kusanthula kumachitika kwa ana omwe akuyembekezeredwa kukhalapo kwa endocrine pathology, osatsimikiziridwa ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino chamankhwala komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose molingana ndi zotsatira za kufufuza kwachipatala.

Kuti mudziwe gulu la odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa:

  • Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kulolerana kwa glucose ayenera kuyesedwa chifukwa kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi sikungasonyeze kupitilira kwa matendawa.
  • Kuwunikiraku kumawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe mayeso awo am'mbuyomu a glycosylated hemoglobin anali osiyanasiyana 6.0-6.4%.

Odwala omwe alibe vuto lenileni la matenda ashuga amayenera kuyesedwa pazotsatira zotsatirazi (monga momwe akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi amalimbikitsira):

  • kulemera kwamphamvu kuphatikiza ndi kumangokhala.
  • kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe amadalira insulin
  • azimayi omwe adabereka mwana wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 4.5 kapena amene adayambitsa matenda ashuga panthawi ya pakati,
  • kuthamanga kwa magazi
  • polycystic ovary.

Zofunika! Odwala onse omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 45 popanda zotchulidwa pamwambapa ayenera kuyesedwa kuti awone kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated.

Pali zochitika ziwiri. Poyamba, mayi amanyamula mwana ndipo amatenga matenda ake, ndiye kuti, matenda ake adadzuka asanakhale ndi pakati (atha kudziwa za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga panthawi yapakati). Fomu iyi ndiyowopsa kwa thupi la mayi komanso kwa mwana wake, chifukwa imawopseza kukhwinyika kwa kubereka kwa kubereka, kubala mwa apo ndi apo, kubereka.

Fesitiyi imachitika mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni am'madzi, omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maselo ndi minofu yake. Amayi onse oyembekezera panthawi yotalika masabata 22 mpaka 24 amayesedwa kuti akhale ndi shuga.

Imachitika motere. Mkazi amatenga magazi kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha, atakhala kuti sanadye chilichonse m'maola 126. Kenako amamwa yankho potengera glucose (ufa umagulidwa m'mafakitore kapena kupezeka m'mabotolo). Kwa ola limodzi, mayi woyembekezera azikhala wodekha, osayenda kwambiri, osadya chilichonse. Nthawiyo itadutsa, kuyamwa magazi kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo omwewo kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Kenako, kwa ola lina, woyesererayo samadya, kupewa kupsinjika, masitepe ndi katundu wina, ndikuwutenganso. Zotsatira zakuwunikanso zimatha kupezeka tsiku lotsatira kuchokera kwa dokotala.

Mtundu wamtundu wa matenda umakhazikitsidwa pamagawo awiri pofufuza. Gawo I limachitika poyambirira koyamba kwa mkazi kupita kwa dokotala wodziwitsa mayi ake kuti alembetse. Dotoloyo akupereka mayeso otsatirawa:

  • kusala venous shuga wamagazi,
  • kutsimikiza kwa glycemia,
  • Glycosylated hemoglobin wambiri.

Unazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi:

  • shuga m'mitsempha - 5.1-7.0 mmol / l,
  • glycosylated hemoglobin - oposa 6.5%
  • glycemia mwachisawawa - pamwamba 11 mmol / l.

Gawo II limachitika pambuyo pa milungu 22 ya mimba, imakhazikitsidwa poyesedwa ndi mayeso a shuga (GTT). Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mayesedwe amtundu wa gestational:

  • glycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu - pamwamba 5.1 mmol / l,
  • pa sampuli yachiwiri yamagazi (pambuyo pa ola limodzi) - pamwamba pa 10 mmol / l,
  • pa mpanda wachitatu (ola lina pambuyo pake) - pamwamba pa 8.4 mmol / l.

Ngati dokotala watsimikiza kukhalapo kwa matenda am'magawo, njira ya chithandizo cha munthu payekha imasankhidwa. Monga lamulo, azimayi oyembekezera amapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin.

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuyesa mwana kuti apezeke ngati “matenda okoma” amtundu 2 ngati ali ndi kulemera kwachilendo komwe kungaphatikizidwe ndi mfundo ziwiri zilizonse pansipa:

  • kukhalapo kwa mitundu yodziyimira payekha ya insulin mwa wachibale kapena wapafupi,
  • liwiro lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa,
  • kukhalapo kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi,
  • Matenda a amayi oyembekezera m'mbuyomu.

Kuzindikira kuyenera kuyambitsidwa ali ndi zaka 10 ndi kubwereza zaka zitatu zilizonse. Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuyesa kuchuluka kwa glycemic.

Ngati matenda a matenda ashuga apangidwa, dokotala ayenera kufotokozera zovuta zake. Izi ndizofunikira pofufuza momwe wodwalayo alili komanso momwe angasankhe moyenera mankhwalawo. Matenda abwinobwino amatsimikizika pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga sikudutsa pachilala cha 8 mmol / l, ndipo mkodzo mulibe. Kulipiritsa kwamkhalidwe kumatheka chifukwa chokonza zomwe munthu amadya komanso moyo wokangalika. Mavuto a matendawa kulibe kapena gawo loyambirira la kuwonongeka kwa mtima limawonedwa.

Kuchuluka kwapakati kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mpaka 14 mmol / L; shuga wochepa amawonekanso mumkodzo. Mikhalidwe ya ketoacidotic imatha kuchitika. Sizingatheke kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndi chithandizo chimodzi chamankhwala. Madokotala amapereka mankhwala a insulin kapena mapiritsi a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Kutengera zakumbuyo koopsa, hyperglycemia imapezeka ndi ziwerengero zoposa 14 mmol / l, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucose komwe kumapezeka mkodzo. Odwala amadandaula kuti shuga zawo zambiri zimadumpha, ndipo onse mmwamba ndi pansi, ketoacidosis amawonekera.

Kutengera maphunziro a labotale ndi othandizira, ndikofunikira kuchita mosiyanitsa. kuzindikira osati pakati pa matenda ashuga ndi matenda ena, komanso mitundu ya "matenda okoma" omwe. Kuzindikira kosiyanitsa kumapangidwa pambuyo poyerekeza ndi ma pathologies ena potengera syndromes yayikulu.

Mwa kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zamankhwala (zam'mimba zam'mimba komanso kutulutsa mkodzo wambiri), ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa matendawa:

  • matenda ashuga
  • aakulu pyelonephritis kapena kulephera kwa impso,
  • chachikulu hyperaldosteronism,
  • Matenda amtundu wa parathyroid,
  • neurogenic polydipsia ndi polyuria.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

  • kuchokera kwa matenda ashuga a steroid,
  • Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
  • acromegaly
  • zotupa za adrenal,
  • neurogenic ndi chakudya hyperglycemia.

Mwa kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo:

  • ku kuledzera,
  • matenda a impso
  • glucosuria wapakati,
  • chakudya glycosuria,
  • matenda ena omwe hyperglycemia ilipo.

Palibe chachipatala chokha, komanso chidziwitso cha unamwino. Zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimayikidwa ndi akatswiri chifukwa sizitengera dzina la matendawa, koma zovuta zazikulu za wodwalayo. Kutengera ndi kuzindikira kwa unamwino, anamwino amapereka chisamaliro choyenera kwa wodwalayo.

Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumakuthandizani kuti musankhe njira yabwino yokwanira yomwe ingakupatseni mwayi wofulumira komanso kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matendawa.

Kulongosola zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zapamwamba za matenda ashuga sizimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Matendawa amatha kuchitika mobisa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti anthu opitilira 45 apereke magazi kuti athe kuwunika omwe ali ndi shuga, pafupifupi kamodzi pachaka. Makamaka ngati mukumva kufooka, kutopa. Koma mwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatchulidwa.

  • Kulakalaka kumamwa nthawi zonse, kamwa yowuma.
  • Pafupipafupi komanso kukodzanso pokodza
  • Pafupipafupi matenda a genitourinary ziwalo ndi khungu,
  • Kuchuluka kwa miyendo
  • Mawonedwe otsika
  • Kuchepa kwamphamvu mwa amuna,
  • Angiopathy - yafupika patency yamitsempha. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za angiopathy ndi kuzizira kwa mapazi, kupweteka mumtima,
  • Polyneuropathy, kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotsirizika, yomwe imawonetsedwa m'malingaliro amkati mwa zokwawa komanso kugona kwa miyendo.

Kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro ziwiri kuchokera pamndandandawu kuyenera kumuchenjeza wodwala ndikukhala mwayi wochezera endocrinologist.

Zambiri zoyesa

Kuchokera pagome ili mupezapo omwe shuga ya magazi apezeka. Pokonzekera kusanthula, simuyenera kudya kapena kumwa zakumwa zilizonse kwa maola 8 musanapendeke. Ndiye kuti, adadya chakudya chamadzulo, adagona. M'mawa, popanda kadzutsa, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Glucose ndende, mmol / l
Magazi athunthuPlasma
venouscapillaryvenouscapillary
Norm
Pamimba yopanda kanthu3,3 – 5,53,3 – 5,54,0 – 6,14,0 – 6,1
Maola awiri mutatha kudya kapena PGTTmpaka 6.7mpaka 7.8mpaka 7.8mpaka 7.8
Kulekerera kwa shuga
Pamimba yopanda kanthumpaka 6.1mpaka 6.1mpaka 7.0mpaka 7.0
Maola awiri mutatha kudya kapena PGTT6,7 — 10,07,8 — 11,17,8 — 11,18,9 — 12,2
SD
Pamimba yopanda kanthuzopitilira 6.1zopitilira 6.1zopitilira 7.0zopitilira 7.0
Maola awiri mutatha kudya kapena PGTTzopitilira 10,0zopitilira 11.1zopitilira 11.1zopitilira 12,2

Izi zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe amakonda kuzindikira ndikudzichitira okha popanda madokotala. Aliyense angagule glucometer, kapena kukongola kwa abwenzi. Ngati shuga wamwazi ali mkati moyenera, mutha kukhala mwamtendere, momwe mumakhalira, osasintha kalikonse m'zakudya zanu.

Okonda zakudya zamafuta amathandizidwanso kuti azikhala ndi glucometer. Chifukwa kuletsa kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi chakudya chamagulu kumatha kutsogolera ku hypoglycemia, ndiko kuti kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumakhudzanso thanzi la thanzi.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza shuga

  • ali pamavuto (mutatha kunyoza mwamphamvu dzulo),
  • pambuyo paphwando labwino komwe mumamwa mokongola

Zinthu izi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo kusanthula kumapereka zotsatira zochulukirapo. Yembekezerani tsiku kapena awiri. Mwa njira, kupsinjika ndi mowa kumatha kugwira, ngati sikutheka ngati mbeza, ndiye chothandizira matenda ashuga.

Kodi vuto la glucose kusala kudya ndi chiyani

Glycemia yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza thupi ndi gawo lapakati la wodwalayo lomwe liyenera kuwonetsetsa. Mkhalidwe uwu wamankhwala umatchedwa prediabetes.

Kuopsa kwa prediabetes kumawonjezereka ndi zofunikira izi:

  • mapasa ofanana ali ndi makolo, kapena wina m'banjamo wadwala (kapena akudwala) ndi matenda ashuga,
  • Amayi omwe abereka mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wolemera kuposa makilogalamu anayi,
  • Amayi omwe amakhala ndi pakati kapena padera, kapena obadwa ndi ana olumala. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mkazi poyamba amakhala ndi vuto la endocrine.
  • Anthu amakonda kapena onenepa kwambiri,
  • Odwala atherosulinosis ndi matenda oopsa,
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, kapamba, ndi kutupa kwa impso,
  • Odwala amakonda matenda okhazikika ndi furunculosis,

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka ndi zinthu zingapo. Zina mwazomwe zimatchulidwa ndizotsatira za kuphwanya kwa glycemia komanso kusakhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ngati pali kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose, ndiye kuti china chake chimayenera kusinthidwa m'moyo wanu. Onjezani zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kudya zakudya zomwe zimaphatikiza mafuta ochulukirapo, m'malo mwake, muchepetse. Fotokozerani zamasamba, zitsamba zambiri, zipatso zosaphatikizika muzakudya momwe mungathere.

Ngati mupezeka mu ma labotor, kapena pa glucometer, kuchuluka kwa shuga wa magazi opitilira 5.5 mmol / l, muyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse mukakhala kuti mulibe chidwi.

Ngati mayeso am'mawa akuwonetsa zotsatira zapamwamba za 6.1 mmol / L, ichi ndi chifukwa chabwino cholumikizirana ndi endocrinologist. Ndikosatheka kukonza vutoli ndi zakudya, zitsamba, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nokha. Pezani mankhwala.

Ndipo kumbukirani, ziribe kanthu momwe mumagwirizirana ndi mankhwala anu enieni, matenda a shuga si matenda kuti muzitha kungolingalira nokha. Dokotala azindikiritsa kukhalapo kwa shuga wambiri mwa akatswiri, kusiyanitsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga mwanjira yanu, ndikukupatsirani chithandizo choyenera.

Shuga wapakati pamimba

Nthawi zina wathanzi, poyang'ana koyamba, azimayi pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi panthawi yomwe amanyamula mwana. Kenako tikulankhula za matenda otchedwa gestationalabetes. Pambuyo pobadwa, shuga amabwerera mwakale. Koma hyperglycemia pa nthawi ya pakati imawopseza ndi zovuta, zonse kwa mayi ndi kwa mwana. Kuchulukitsa shuga kwa mayi kumabweretsa kuti mwana mkati mwa chiberekero akulemera, ndipo monga mukudziwa, amakometsa kubadwa. Hypoxia ya mwana wosabadwayo ndizotheka.

Chifukwa chake, pozindikira matenda ashuga a gestational, mkazi ayenera kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala. Ndi chithandizo choyenera cha mkazi, vutoli limatha kusinthidwa, ndipo kubereka kumadutsa motetezeka.

Mayeso otsimikizira

Kukhala ndi anamnesis, ndiko kuti, kufufuza kwa wodwala, ndipo, poganiza kukhalapo kwa prediabetes kapena matenda ashuga, endocrinologist amatengera wodwalayo mayeso a labotale, omwe akuphatikizapo:

  • kuperekera kwa magazi kwa capillary kwa shuga. Kusanthula kumeneku kumawonetsa shuga (shuga) ndi magazi chifukwa amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala.
  • kuyeserera kwa shuga
  • kusanthula kwa kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin,
  • urinalysis.

Magazi a capillary amawunikiranso kupezeka kwa C-peptides. Maselo a pancreatic beta amatulutsa insulin, yomwe imasungidwa momwemo ma proinsulin. C-peptide (yolumikizira peptide) ndi zotsalira za amino acid za proinsulin. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili mkati mwake zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin ndipo zimagwira monga chisonyezo cha magwiridwe antchito a maselo a beta. Kusanthula kwa kupezeka kwa C-peptides kumapangitsa kuti matenda a matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba 1 akhale mtundu wa 2. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin mthupi, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, thupi limatulutsa insulini, pokhapokha ilibe nthawi yosintha shuga mu glycogen.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga umakhudza 10-15% ya chiwerengero chonse cha odwala. Awa nthawi zambiri ndi anthu osapitilira zaka 35. Pali mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga mwa ana.

Chiyeso chololera cha glucose chimatha kutenga theka la tsiku. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, wodwalayo amatenga magazi kuti awone zomwe zili m'magazi. Kenako wodwalayo amapatsidwa madzi akumwa a glucose osungunuka mkati mwake ndikuyesanso kwachiwiri. Ngati shuga wamagazi ali m'magawo 7.8 -11 mmol / l, ndiye kuti matenda a prediabetes amapangidwa. Matenda a shuga amatsimikizika ngati mulingo wa glucose uposa 11.1 mmol / L.

Glycosylated kapena glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ndiye glucose wamba wamiyezi itatu yapitayo. Amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yomangika ku glucose. Kusanthula kumeneku kumapangitsa kupezeka koyambirira, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza njira za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Pofufuza, kuwunika kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Gome lili pansipa likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated m'magazi a shuga:

HbA1c,%Magazi a m'magazi, mmol / l
43,8
4,54,6
55,4
5,56,2
67
6,57,8
78,6
7,59,4
810,2
8,511
911,8
9,512,6
1013,4
10,514,2
1114,9
11,515,7
1216,5
12,517,3
1318,1
13,518,9
1419,7
14,520,5
1521,3
15,522,1

Miyezo ya WHO

Njira zoyenera zopezera matenda ashuga omwe amachokera ku World Health Organisation:

  • Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga (zomwe tafotokozazi) poyerekeza zakumayambiriro kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi oposa 11 mmol / L ndi muyeso wosasintha (nthawi iliyonse masana, kuphatikiza chakudya),
  • Kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo m'magazi a plasma - 7 mmol / L

Pakati pazomwe zili bwino, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawerengedwa kuti kumawoneka kosachepera 6, 1 mmol / L.

Pomaliza, odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kudziwa kuti kuli dongosolo la ABC, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri kuti wodwala azindikire wodwala matenda ashuga:

A - A1C, ndiko kuti, kuwunika kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated yowonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

B - (kuthamanga kwa magazi) - kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuyeza chizindikiro ichi ndikofunikira chifukwa matenda a shuga amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi impso.

C - (cholesterol) - mulingo wa cholesterol.

Zadziwika kuti ndi matenda ashuga, kuopsa kwa matenda amtima wowonjezera kawiri konse, chifukwa chake kuyang'anira izi, zotchedwa dongosolo la ABC, ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kodi shuga amadziwika bwanji ndi matenda a shuga: njira zopangira (shuga wa magazi)

Mukamayesa magazi, wodwalayo amatha kudziwa kuti ali ndi shuga wambiri. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso nthawi zonse pamakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga?

Monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ngati pali kusochera kwa insulini ndi thupi kapena chifukwa cholowetsedwa bwino ndi timadzi ta ma cell.

Insulin, nayonso, imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kapamba, imathandiza kukonza ndikuphwanya shuga m'magazi.

Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa pamene shuga ikhoza kuchuluka osati chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Izi zimatha kuchitika ndi chifukwa cham'mimba, ndi nkhawa kwambiri, kapena mutadwala kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zake zovuta za matenda

Kukula kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 komanso 2 kumachitika chifukwa cha vuto la autoimmune.Poyambirira, kupangika kwa timadzi totulutsa shuga kumayimitsidwa chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa maselo a beta omwe amapezeka mu islet zida za kapamba.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pamakhala kusokonezeka pakuwona koyenera kwa insulini ndi maselo omwe akufuna. Ngakhale kupanga mahomoni sikuma, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukuchulukirachulukira.

Kodi matenda a shuga amapezeka kuti? Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira zizindikiro monga pakamwa youma, ludzu lalikulu komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Kusintha kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa impso - chiwalo chophatikizika chomwe chimachotsa poizoni wonse mthupi, kuphatikiza shuga. Kuphatikiza pazizindikirozi, pali zizindikilo zina zambiri zamthupi zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi:

  • kuwonda msanga,
  • anjala yopanda tanthauzo
  • kuthamanga kwa magazi
  • chizungulire ndi mutu
  • kupukusa m'mimba (kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kubala),
  • kusokonekera ndi kugona,
  • matenda a pakhungu ndi kuyabwa,
  • Kuchiritsa kwakatalika kwa mabala, mawonekedwe a zilonda,
  • kusamba kwa msambo,
  • kukanika kwa erectile
  • kumva kulira ndi kunenepa kwa miyendo.

Ngati mwapeza izi mwa inu nokha, muyenera kulankhulana ndi dokotala mwachangu. Ngati matenda a shuga akuwakayikira, adokotala amamuwuza kuti apite kukayezetsa. Zotsatira zakuwunika zimatsutsa kapena kutsimikizira.

Tisaiwale kuti kudziwika ndi matendawa mosakayikira kumabweretsa mavuto akulu. Ndi kusokonezeka kwakutali kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, makamaka zopatsa mphamvu, ma pathologies otsatirawa amawonekera:

  1. Glycemic coma yomwe ikufunika kuchipatala mwachangu.
  2. Ketoacidotic chikomokere chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa matupi a ketone omwe amachititsa poizoni. Chizindikiro chodabwitsa kwambiri cha kutukuka kwake ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
  3. Micro ndi macroangiopathies, omwe amaphatikizapo retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy komanso diabetes phazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zina zimawonedwa, monga matenda amtima, glaucoma, cataract.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Njira yodziwika kwambiri komanso yachangu kwambiri yodziwira kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikuwunika magazi. Magazi onse a capillary ndi venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito posonkhanitsa. Choyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kukonzekera phunzirolo.

Kuti muchite izi, simungadye zotsekemera kwambiri ndikudzigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri tsiku lomaliza musanapereke magazi. Nthawi zambiri, biomaterial imatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ngakhale imatha kudya. Pachiwiri, wodwalayo amapatsidwa kapu yamadzi ndi shuga wothira mu gawo la 1/3. Kusanthula koteroko kumatchedwa kuyesedwa kwa mayeso kapena kuyeserera kwa glucose.

Wodwala ayenera kudziwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuwerenga kwa glucose. Izi ndi monga matenda opatsirana komanso osachiritsika, kutenga pakati, kutopa, ndi kupsinjika. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kuunikanso kuwunika kwakanthawi.

Ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, dokotalayo amayankha zina:

  • Nthawi zambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu, index ya glycemic imachokera ku 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l, mutamwa madzi amchere ndi shuga osakwana 7.8 mmol / l,
  • wokhala ndi vuto pamimba yopanda kanthu, chizindikiro cha glycemia chimachokera ku 5.6 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l, mutamwa madzi ndi shuga kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.0 mmol / l,
  • ndi dibet pamimba yopanda kanthu, index ya glycemic imaposa 6.1 mmol / l, mutatha kumwa madzi ndi shuga oposa 11.0 mmol / l

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kupanga shuga wa magazi kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Komabe, kuthekera koti chipangizocho chikuwonetsa zotsatira zolakwika kuli mpaka 20%. Chifukwa chake, ndi zokhumudwitsa, musataye nthawi yomweyo, mwina mwangolakwitsa. Kuti mudziwe za matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga mu nthawi, WHO ilimbikitsa kuti anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayesetse mayeso a glucose kamodzi pamwezi uliwonse wa 6.

Ndi liti pamene matenda a shuga amapezeka popanda kuyezetsa magazi? Kuyesedwa kwa glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) kumachitidwanso. Ngakhale kuti phunziroli limazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga, limachitika miyezi itatu. Zotsatira za kusanthula ndi chizindikiro cha glucose wapakati kwakanthawi (nthawi zambiri miyezi itatu). Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa:

  1. Pazosowa shuga - kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 mmol / l.
  2. About prediabetes - kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 mmol / l.
  3. About shuga opatsirana - kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 mmol / l.
  4. About shuga wowola - oposa 12 mmol / l.

Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kuti dokotala azindikire matenda ashuga, kuyesa kwa mkodzo ka shuga nthawi zina kumayikidwa. Mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga sayenera kukhala m'madzi a mthupi. Kuti muwone kukula ndi zovuta za matendawa, mkodzo umayesedwa kuti muone zomwe zili ndi acetone ndi mapuloteni.

Pofuna kukhazikitsa mtundu wa shuga omwe wodwala ali nawo, kafukufuku wa C-peptide amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji chitukuko cha matenda ashuga?

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amayamba chifukwa cha majini adakali aang'ono, ndiye kuti matenda ashuga a 2 amayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri. Palibe zomwe zingachitike ndi chibadwa chobadwa nacho, koma mutha ndipo muyenera kumenya mapaundi owonjezera.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga ndi kudya mokwanira komanso kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino.

Pachifukwa ichi, wodwala sayenera kupatula zotsatirazi zoyipa za zakudya:

  • chokoleti, makeke, makeke ndi maswiti ena,
  • zipatso zokoma: mphesa, nthochi, ma jamu, apricots ndi ena,
  • masoseji, masoseji, nyama zosuta, zakudya, zotsekemera,
  • zakudya zilizonse zamafuta ndi zokazinga.

Kuti achepetse thupi, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga kungachitike ngakhale tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati wodwala sanatenge nawo gawo lalitali, mutha kuyamba ndi kuyenda kosavuta. Pali njira zambiri zoyenda, mwachitsanzo, Scandinavia kapena terrenkur. Popita nthawi, odwala amatha kuwonjezera kupsinjika mwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Kenako mutha kupita kukasambira, masewera, kuthamanga, yoga, Pilates, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutsika kwa glucose, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi chidutswa cha shuga, cookie, kapena maswiti nawo.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta zilizonse, wodwalayo ayenera kupita ku ofesi ya dokotala kukakambirana za masewera ndi zakudya. Kuti mupeze zakudya zoyenera mukapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, muyenera kuphatikiza zakudya zanu:

  1. Zipatso zopanda tanthauzo: pichesi, mandimu, lalanje, maapulo wobiriwira.
  2. Masamba atsopano (amadyera, tomato, nkhaka).
  3. Malonda amkaka opepuka.
  4. Nyama yamafuta ochepa ndi nsomba (ng'ombe, nkhuku, hake, ndi zina).
  5. Mkate Wofunda.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa glucose awo pafupipafupi. Kuti muchite izi, mumafunikira chipangizo cha glucometer, chomwe odwala amatha kudziwa msanga kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Mukalandira zotsatira zosasangalatsa, kuyezetsa magazi kwa dotolo sikuyenera kuyikidwa pansi.

Kuti katswiri azindikire matenda amtundu 2 kapena matenda ashuga 1, ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro pakuwonjezereka kwa glucose. Kuti muchite izi, kafukufuku akuchitika. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, ndikofunika kuwunikanso kawiri kapena katatu. Kutengera ndi mayeso, adotolo amapanga lingaliro loyenera.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali njira zambiri zodziwira matendawa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yanokha. Apa muyenera kuganizira liwiro komanso kuwunika kwake. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa shuga yamagazi kumatengedwa kukhala kothandiza kwambiri. Vidiyo yomwe yatchulidwa munkhaniyi ikuthandizani kudziwa zomwe zimawoneka ngati shuga wabwinobwino wodwala matenda ashuga.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu