Kodi insulin ndi chiyani

Giovanni Battista Belzoni (Chitaliyana: Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Novembara 15, 1778, Padua - Disembala 3, 1823, Gato, yemwe tsopano ndi Wagoton, Edo, Nigeria) - wapaulendo wapaulendo komanso wapaulendo waku Italiya yemwe anali pachiyambipo kupangira magulu ambiri ojambula ku Egypt ku Western Europe. Ngakhale kuti sanali wasayansi, Dictionary of National Biography imayika dzina lake pakati pa omwe amapeza zachikhalidwe cha Egypt. Chifukwa chakukula kwambiri komanso mphamvu zakepi, imadziwikanso kuti Great Belzoni.

Mu 1816, Belzoni adalemba ganyu ndi a Henry Salt kuti anyamule fano lalikulu kuchokera ku Luxor. Kukwera mumtsinje wa Nailo mu 1817, adayamba kuwulula akachisi a Abu Simbel. Ali m'njira, anakumana ndi olanda manda ochokera ku Kurna ndi Karnak, ndipo adakwanitsa kupeza zifanizo zingapo, zombo, papyri ndi azimayi. Mchigwa cha Mafumu, Belzoni adatsegula manda a Seti I ndi Diso. Mu 1818, kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira M'zaka za m'ma 500 mpaka m'ma 1500, adayendera chipinda cha manda a Chefren. Mu 1819, Belzoni idapita ku Nyanja Yofiira komanso m'mapiri a m'chipululu cha Libya. Chifukwa cha mikangano ndi Bernardino, Drovetti Belzoni ndi mkazi wake Wachingelezi adakakamizidwa kuti achoke ku Egypt. Kuchokera pazinthu zomwe adatenga, Belzoni adapanga chiwonetsero chachikulu cha zojambula zakale zaku Egypt ku London mu Meyi 1821. Mu 1822, adayendera Russia ndi Denmark, ndipo ku France adagwirizana ndi Champollion wachichepere. Mu 1823, Belzoni adapita ku Timbuktu ndikupitanso - kukafufuza komwe kunayambira Mtsinje wa Niger, koma adamwalira ndi kamwazi, osakwaniritsa cholinga.

Phytotellings

Phytotellings (kuchokera ku Chigriki. φῠτόν - "chomera" + inafέλμα, ατός - "madzi oyimirira", "chithaphwi") - malo osungirako ang'onoang'ono omwe amapangidwa mumasamba ndi maluwa azomera kapena m'maenje a mitengo. Dzinalo la mtundu wamtunduwu la zachilengedwe linaperekedwa mu 1928 ndi katswiri wazamaphunziro wa ku Germany Ludwig Varga.

Phytotelmatites imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe kuyambira m'nkhalango zowerengeka mpaka ku Subarctic. Ma phytotelmatites amapangidwa ndi mitundu yopitilira 1500 yosiyana mitundu 26 mabanja. Kutengera ndi kuyanjana mwadongosolo komanso ziwalo zomwe zimapangidwa, magulu angapo a phythelmatitis amadziwika. Zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimakhala m'zinthu zachilengedwe izi zimatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira, kuchuluka kwa michere (makamaka nayitrogeni), etc. M'magulu ambiri azamoyo zomwe zimakhala mu phythelmatites, pali mitundu yomwe simapezeka m'mitundu ina yamadzi am'madzi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa paleontological, zachilengedwe za phytotelmatites zomwe zidapangidwa kale mu Eocene, monga umboni wa kupezeka kwa nyama zam'madzi mu amber.

Hormone insulin

Ulemu wopanga ntchito zoyambirira zomwe zidapanga njira yodziwitsira matendawa ndi wa wasayansi waku Russia Leonid Sobolev, yemwe mu 1900 adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito kapamba kuti apeze mankhwala opatsirana ndipo adapereka lingaliro la insulin. Zoposa zaka 20 zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuzanso, ndipo pambuyo pa 1923 kupanga insulin kwa mafakitale kudayamba. Masiku ano, maholide amaphunziridwa bwino ndi sayansi. Amatenga nawo gawo la kuwonongeka kwa ma carbohydrate, omwe amayambitsa matenda a metabolism komanso mafuta.

Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini

Zikondamoyo, komwe ma bunge a ma B-cell amapezeka, amadziwika ndi sayansi ngati mabwalo amilandu a Lawrence kapena pancreatic, amagwira ntchito ngati insulin yopanga insulin. Mphamvu yokhudzana ndi maselo ndi yaying'ono ndipo imangokhala 3% yokha ya kuchuluka kwa kapamba. Kupanga kwa insulini kudzera m'maselo a beta kumachitika, gawo laling'ono la proinsulin limasungidwa ndi timadzi.

Kodi subtype ya insulin siyikudziwika mokwanira. Homoni imodzimodziyo, isanatenge mawonekedwe omaliza, imalowa mu chipinda cha cell cha Golgi, pomwe chimatsirizidwa kukhala boma la mahomoni athunthu. Mchitidwewo umatha pomwe mahomoni amayikidwa m'miyala yapadera ya kapamba, komwe amasungidwa kufikira munthu atadya. Mphamvu za B-cell ndizochepa ndipo zimatha msanga munthu akamagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosavuta za carbohydrate, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Kodi insulin ya hormone ndi iti - iyi ndiye yofunika kwambiri kuyang'anira metabolic. Popanda izi, shuga wolowa m'thupi kudzera mu chakudya sangalowe mu khungu. Hormayo imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma membrane a maselo, chifukwa chake glucose amalowetsedwa m'thupi la selo. Nthawi yomweyo, timadzi timapangitsa kuti shuga asandulike kukhala glycogen, polysaccharide yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zomwe thupi la munthu limagwiritsa ntchito ngati zikufunika.

Ntchito za insulin ndizosiyanasiyana. Amapereka minofu yamasamba ntchito, kukhudza njira za mapuloteni ndi mafuta kagayidwe. Ma mahomoni amatenga gawo lazidziwitso za ubongo, zomwe, malinga ndi zolandilira, ndizomwe zimafunikira kufunikira kwa chakudya chamafuta othamanga: ngati pali zambiri zake, ubongo umatsimikiza kuti maselo amafa ndi njala komanso malo osungirako ayenera kupangidwa. Zotsatira za insulin thupi:

Zimalepheretsa ma amino acid kuti asagonjetsedwe kukhala shuga wophweka.
Amasintha kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni - maziko a moyo.
Simalola mapuloteni m'misempha kuti asokonezeke, amalepheretsa minyewa ya atrophy - anabolic.
Amachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa matupi a ketone, ochulukirapo omwe amapha anthu.
Imalimbikitsa kuyendetsa kwa potaziyamu ndi ion ya magnesium.

Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi la munthu

Kusowa kwa mahomoni kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda omwe amatchedwa shuga. Omwe akudwala matendawa amakakamizika kupaka jekeseni wowonjezera m'magazi. Choyipa china ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, hypoglycemia. Matendawa amapangitsa kuti magazi azithanso kuchepa komanso kuchepa kwa mtima. Kuchulukitsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin katulutsidwe ndi glucagon ya mahomoni opangidwa ndi ma alpha maselo a pancreatic a Langerhans.

Minofu yodalira insulin

Insulin imathandizira kupanga mapuloteni m'misempha, popanda minofu minofu sangathe kupanga. Kupanga kwa minofu ya adipose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri, ndizosatheka popanda mahomoni. Odwala omwe ayamba kudwala matenda a shuga amakumana ndi ketoacidosis, mtundu wa vuto la metabolic lomwe limapangitsa kuti anthu azidwala kwambiri.

Madzi a insulin

Ntchito za insulin zimaphatikizapo kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, kuyang'anira kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni, kusintha michere minofu. Nthawi zonse pamakhala zotsatirazi.

kapangidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi,
mulingo wa kagayidwe ndi katemera amasungidwa,
imapangitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen, kamene kamakulitsa kupirira ndikusintha kwamisempha minofu,
ma amino acid, shuga, potaziyamu amalowa m'maselo.

Mafuta a insulin amayeza mu µU / ml (0,04082 mg wa mankhwala a kristalo amatengedwa ngati gawo limodzi). Anthu athanzi amakhala ndi chizindikiro chofanana ndi 3-25 pamaudindo otere. Kwa ana, kuchepa mpaka 3-20 μU / ml ndikuloledwa. Mwa amayi apakati, chizolowezi chimakhala chosiyana - 6-27 mkU / ml, mwa anthu achikulire opitilira 60 chizindikiro ichi ndi 6-35. Kusintha kwazomwe zikuchitika kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa.

Wokwera

Kuchulukitsa kwanthaŵi yayitali kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo kumawopseza kusintha kwosasintha kwa matenda. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga. Mutha kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndende ndi zizindikiro: kunjenjemera, thukuta, malovu, modzidzimutsa ndimatenda, nseru, kukomoka, chikomokere. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni:

zolimbitsa thupi,
kupsinjika kwakanthawi
Matenda a chiwindi ndi kapamba,
kunenepa
kuphwanya kukana kwa maselo ku chakudya,
ovary polycystic,
Kulephera kwa ntchito yamatumbo
khansa ndi chotupa chinyezi cha adrenal gland.

Kutsitsidwa

Kuchepa kwa ndende ya insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kutopa kwambiri, tsiku lililonse kumamwa chakudya chambiri. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwake. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala ludzu lamphamvu, nkhawa, kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi njala, kusakwiya, komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha zofanana ndi insulin yotsika komanso yayikulu, kuzindikira kwake kumachitika ndi maphunziro apadera.

Zomwe insulin imapangira odwala matenda ashuga

Nkhani ya zida zopangira mahomoni ndi yofunika kwa odwala ambiri. Insulin yomwe ili m'thupi la munthu imapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo mitundu yotsatirayi imapezekanso:

Nkhumba kapena bovine - zochokera nyama. Zomwe amapangira nyama kapamba. Kukonzekera kwa zopangira nkhumba kumakhala ndi ma proinsulin, omwe sangathe kulekanitsidwa, amakhala magwero azinthu zoyipa.
Biosynthetic kapena nkhumba yosinthidwa - kukonzekera kwapawiri kumapangidwa ndikusintha ma amino acid. Zina mwazabwino ndi kuphatikiza thupi la munthu komanso kusowa kwa ziwengo. Zowonongeka - kuperewera kwa zopangira, zovuta za ntchito, mtengo wokwera.
Genetic engineering recombinant - imatchedwa "insulin yaumunthu" mwanjira ina, chifukwa imafanana kwathunthu ndi mahomoni achilengedwe. Thupi limapangidwa ndi ma enzyme a yisiti tizilombo toyambitsa ndi kusinthidwa kwamtundu wa E. coli.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin

Ntchito za insulin ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwalandira kwa dokotala ndi kulandira mankhwala omwe mankhwalawo amaperekedwa kwaulere m'mafakitala kapena zipatala. Pakufunika kwachangu zitha kugulidwa popanda mankhwala, koma muyeso uyenera kuonedwa. Popewa bongo wambiri, werengani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa phukusi lililonse la kukonzekera kwa insulini, zomwe zikuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus (wotchedwanso insulin) ndipo, mwanjira zina, lembani matenda ashuga a 2 a mellitus (osadalira insulini). Zinthu zotere zimaphatikizira kusalolera kwa othandizira a hypoglycemic, kukula kwa ketosis.

Makulidwe a insulin

Dokotalayo amakupatsirani mankhwalawa pambuyo popezeka ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Zochizira matenda a shuga gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi yochepa: yayifupi komanso yayitali. Chisankho chimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa, momwe wodwalayo alili, kuthamanga kwa kuyambika kwa mankhwala:

Kukonzekera kwakanthawi kochepa kumapangidwira kwa subcutaneous, intravenous kapena intramuscular management. Imakhala yofulumira, yochepa, yochepetsa shuga, imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15-20 musanadye kangapo / tsiku. Zotsatira zimachitika mu theka la ola, pazofunikira - mu maola awiri, maola pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi okha.
Kuchita nthawi yayitali kapena kupitilira apo - kumakhudza maola 10-36, kungachepetse jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Zoyimitsidwa zimaperekedwa kudzera mwa intramuscularly kapena subcutaneally, koma osati kudzera m'mitsempha.

Ma syringe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kulowetsedwa ndi kutsata mlingo. Gawo limodzi limafanana ndi ziwerengero zingapo. Malangizo a insulin

sungani zokonzekera mufiriji, ndipo zomwe zimayambira firiji, konzekerani mankhwala musanalowe, chifukwa ozizira ndi ofooka.
ndibwino kubaya mahomoni osakhalitsa pakhungu la m'mimba - jekeseni mu ntchafu kapena pamwamba pa matako mumagwira pang'onopang'ono, kuposa koyipa - paphewa.
mankhwala ogwira ntchito yayitali adalowetsedwa kudzanja lamanzere kapena lamanja,
jekeseni aliyense m'malo osiyanasiyana,
jekeseni wa insulin, gwira gawo lonse lathupi lathunthu - kuti mupewe kuwawa ndi zisindikizo.
kutali ndi jakisoni womaliza osachepera 2 cm,
musagwire khungu ndi mowa, mumawononga insulin,
ngati madzi atuluka, singano idayikidwa molakwika - muyenera kuigwira pakhale madigiri 45-60.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a mankhwala, kukula kwa lipodystrophy pamalo jakisoni ndikotheka. Osowa kwambiri, koma amawoneka ngati thupi lawo siligwirizana. Ngati zikuchitika, monga chithandizo chamankhwala ndi wogwirizira zimafunikira. Zoyipa zotsutsana ndi:

hepatitis pachimake, matenda amkati, jaundice, kapamba,
nephritis, urolithiasis,
mtima wowonongeka.

Mtengo wa insulin

Mtengo wa insulin umatengera mtundu wa wopanga, mtundu wa mankhwalawa (kufupika / nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu, zowonjezera chakudya) komanso kuchuluka kwa ma CD. Mtengo wa 50 ml ya insulinum ya mankhwala pafupifupi ma ruble 150 ku Moscow ndi St. Insuman yokhala ndi cholembera - 1200, Protafan yoimitsidwa ili ndi mtengo pafupifupi ruble 930. Mlingo wa mankhwala amakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Insulin ndi ...

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani kuchokera kwa azachipatala? Ichi ndi timadzi tokhala ngati mapuloteni omwe amachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri mthupi. M'matumbo am'mimba, silingalowe kuchokera kunja, chifukwa idzakumbwa, ngati chinthu china chilichonse chama protein. Pansi pake pang'ono (basal) insulin imapangidwa tsiku lililonse ndi kapamba. Mukatha kudya, thupi limapereka chiwindi chomwe thupi lathu limafunikira kuti lipukute mapuloteni obwera, mafuta ndi chakudya. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane funso la insulin yomwe imapangitsa thupi.

Ntchito ya insulin

Insulin imayang'anira ndikusunga kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Ndiye kuti, timadzi tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa minyewa yambiri m'thupi lathunthu, makamaka chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwake kwa ma enzymes ambiri.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu komanso zodziwika bwino za hormone iyi ndikukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Thupi limafunikira mosalekeza, chifukwa limatanthauzira michere yomwe imafunikira pakukula ndi kukula kwa maselo. Insulin imaphwanya chinthu chophweka, ndikuthandizira kuti iwayike m'magazi. Ngati kapamba samatulutsa mokwanira, glucose samadyetsa maselo, koma amadziunjikira m'magazi. Izi ndizodzaza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi (hyperglycemia), omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi insulin, amino acid ndi potaziyamu amayendetsedwa.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa insulin momwe insulin ingapangidwire, ngakhale kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi ma steroid (omaliza, komabe, amachita mosankha).

Mitundu ya insulin

Gawani mitundu ya insulin mwanjira ndi zochita zawo.

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu kumakhudza thupi. Insulin yamtunduwu imayamba kugwira ntchito yake atangoyendetsa, ndipo nsonga yake imafika 1-1.5. Kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu ndi maola 3-4. Lowetsani nthawi yomweyo musanadye kapena musanadye. Kukonzekera kofanana ndi Novo-Rapid, Insulin Apidra ndi Insulin Humalog.

Insulin yochepa imakhala ndi tanthauzo mkati mwa mphindi 20-30 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo maora awiri ndi awiri, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa m'magazi kumafika pazowonjezera. Pafupifupi maola pafupifupi 5-6. Jakisoni amaperekedwa mphindi 15-20 asanadye. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi maola awiri atatulutsa insulin, ndikofunikira kuchita "zokhwasula-khwasula". Nthawi ya chakudya iyenera kuyenderana ndi nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala. Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mwachidule - kukonzekera "Humulin Regulia", "Insulin Actrapid", "Monodar Humodar".

Kutalika kwapakatikati kumakhudza thupi kwakutali - kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 16. Ndikofunikira kuchita jakisoni 2-3 patsiku, nthawi zambiri ndimakhala ndi maola 8-12, chifukwa samayamba kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo, koma maola awiri atatha. Kutheka kwawo kwakukulu kumatheka pambuyo pa maola 6-8. Ma Insulini Amtundu Wambiri - Protafan (insulin yaumunthu), Humudar BR, Insulin Novomix.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, insulin yayitali, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumachitika pambuyo patatha masiku 2-3, ngakhale kuti imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa maola 4-6. Ikani izo 1-2 pa tsiku. Awa ndi mankhwala monga Insulin Lantus, Monodar Long, ndi Ultralent. Gululi likuphatikizanso insulin yotchedwa "yopanda kanthu". Ichi ndi chiyani Izi ndi insulin, yomwe ilibe tanthauzo, imagwira ntchito mofatsa komanso mosazindikira, imasinthira "mbadwa" zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kapamba.

Zosiyanasiyana za insulin

Insulin yamunthu - ndi analogue ya mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba wathu. Insulin yotereyi komanso "abale" omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati ma genetic "amatengedwa kuti ndiopambana kuposa mitundu ina ya insulin yomwe inayambira nyama.

Mahomoni a nkhumba ndi ofanana ndi omwe ali pamwambapa, kupatulapo amino acid pamagulu. Zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Ng'ombe za insulin ndizocheperako kuposa anthu. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa ziwengo, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mapuloteni achilendo m'thupi lathu. Mlingo wa insulin m'mwazi mwa munthu wathanzi umakhala ndi malire. Tiyeni tiwalingalire mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi mulingo wa insulin uyenera kukhala wotani m'magazi?

Pafupifupi, mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 28 mcED / mol. Mwa ana, ndizotsika pang'ono - kuchokera ku mayunitsi atatu mpaka 20, ndipo mwa amayi apakati, m'malo mwake, apamwamba - mawonekedwewo amachokera pa 6 mpaka 27 mcED / mol. Pankhani ya kupatuka kosafunikira kwa insulin kuchokera ku chizolowezi (mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi ukuwonjezereka kapena kuchepetsedwa), tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira chakudya chanu komanso moyo wanu.

Kuchulukitsa kwa Madzi

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulini kumaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa pafupifupi zabwino zake zonse, zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe waumoyo. Zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri (chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa shuga), zimakhala ndi zotsatira zamagazi komanso zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Ngati mwakulitsa insulin, muyenera kulabadira zakudya zanu, kuyesera kudya zakudya zambiri momwe mungathere ndi mafuta ochepa mkaka wamafuta, masamba, zipatso zosapatsa mkaka, mkate wamchere.

Insulin ndi matenda a shuga

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga - 1 ndi 2. Yoyamba ikutanthauza matenda obadwa nawo ndipo amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a pancreatic beta. Ngati akhala pansi osachepera 20%, thupi limaleka kulimbana, ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo chofunikira. Koma malo omwe ali opitilira 20%, mwina simungathe kuzindikira kusintha kulikonse paumoyo wanu. Nthawi zambiri, insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, komanso kumbuyo (kukulitsidwa).

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umapezeka. Maselo a Beta omwe ali ndi ntchito yodziwitsa za "chikumbumtima chabwino", komabe, ntchito ya insulin imalephera - singathenso kugwira ntchito zake, chifukwa chomwe shuga imadziunjikanso m'magazi ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu, mpaka kutseka kwa hypoclycemic. Kwa mankhwalawa, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amathandizira kubwezeretsa ntchito ya mahomoni otayika.

Jakisoni wa insulin ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, koma odwala matenda ashuga a 2 nthawi zambiri amawononga mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali (zaka komanso zaka makumi ambiri). Zowona, kuti pakupita nthawi, muyenera "kukhala pansi" pa insulin.

Chithandizo cha insulin chimathandizira kuchotsa zovuta zomwe zimakhalapo ndikunyalanyaza kufunika kwa thupi kuchokera kunja, komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa katundu pa kapamba ndipo zimathandizanso kubwezeretsa pang'ono kwa maselo ake a beta.

Amakhulupirira kuti kuyambitsa mankhwala a insulin, sizothekanso kubwerera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mapiritsi). Komabe, muyenera kuvomereza, ndibwino kuyambitsa insulin kale ngati kuli koyenera, m'malo mokana - pankhaniyi, zovuta zazikulu sizingapewe. Madokotala ati pali mwayi mtsogolomo wosiya jakisoni wa matenda a shuga 2 ngati chithandizo cha insulin chinayamba pa nthawi. Chifukwa chake, yang'anirani thanzi lanu mosamala, musaiwale kutsatira zakudya - ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi. Kumbukirani kuti shuga si sentensi, koma njira ya moyo.

Kafukufuku watsopano

Asayansi akupitiliza kufunafuna njira yosinthira moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mu 2015, United States idayambitsa chitukuko chatsopano - chipangizo cha insulin inhalation chomwe chidzalowe m'malo mwa syringes, ndikupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Chipangizochi chimapezeka kale ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala ku America mwa mankhwala.

M'chaka chomwechi (komanso ku USA) wotchedwa "smart insulin" adayambitsidwa, womwe umalowetsedwa m'thupi kamodzi patsiku, umayendetsa ntchito pawokha ngati pakufunika. Ngakhale kuti mpaka pano adayesedwa pa nyama zokha ndipo sanayesedwebe pa anthu, zikuwonekeratu kuti asayansi adapeza zofunikira kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2015. Tili ndi chiyembekezo kuti mtsogolomo asangalala ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi zomwe apeza.