Pathological anatomy a shuga

Hyperglycemia yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali imathandizira kuti insulini ikane komanso imawononga ma cell (chodabwitsa cha poizoni wa glucose), imayambitsa kuchepa kwa mapuloteni am'magazi a glucose ndi chinsinsi cha ntchito ya p-cell. Zonsezi zimachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya zamafuta ndi minofu ndikuyambitsa kuphwanya mitundu ina ya kagayidwe. Zotsatira zake, mu shuga mellitus, chotupa chapang'onopang'ono cha ziwalo zosiyanasiyana komanso minofu imachitika. Odwala amatenga kusintha kwakukulu osati mu kapamba, komanso chiwindi, mitsempha ya m'magazi, retina, impso, ndi mantha (diabetesic angiopathies, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy).

Zikondwerero za odwala omwe adamwalira ndi matenda a shuga amachepa kukula, ndi mtundu I shuga mellitus - kusinthasintha kwamphamvu chifukwa cha fibrosis, kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa atrophic mu lobules. Kuunika kwa ma Microscopic kumawonetsa zisumbu zazing'ono za Langerhans zochepetsedwa ndi ma Rcell oyipitsidwa. Mu mtundu II shuga mellitus, kapamba amatha kuchuluka chifukwa cha lipomatosis, koma lobules yaying'ono imapezeka mu gawo. Nthawi ya matenda a shuga a mitundu yonseyi imatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda a shuga a shuga, chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga amatchedwanso matenda a mtima. Ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamitsempha kuti matenda ashuga amatenga malo oyamba pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa khungu, odwala amawonongeka impso nthawi 17, kawiri kawiri - kawiri kawiri - kulowetsedwa ndi mikwingwirima, maulendo a 5 pafupipafupi - otsika a ziwalo zam'mimba kuposa anthu amsinkhu womwewo ndi jenda okhala ndi zisonyezo za standardoglycemic.

Matenda a shuga a diabetesic macroangiopathy amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yapakati komanso yayikulu ndipo amapezeka, ngati lamulo, mwa anthu azaka zachikulire komanso zachikulire, chifukwa chake amatchulidwa kwambiri mu mtundu II matenda a shuga. Mawonetsedwe ake ndi atherosulinosis, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa komanso amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa omwe alibe matenda ashuga (shuga mellitus amakhala pachiwopsezo cha atherosclerosis), ndi Medikeal's Mediacalcosis ndikuyambitsa kwambiri microsis yovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha yayikulu, ma necrosis ambiri ndi gangrene ya m'munsi yam'munsi imayamba. Matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga amakhalanso pakati ndipo amakula mwa odwala amsaka iliyonse, ndipo kudalira kwake mwachindunji kutalika kwa matenda a shuga kumadziwika. Ma arterioles ndi ma capillaries a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana komanso minofu imakhudzidwa, makamaka nthawi zambiri impso, retina, khungu ndi mafupa. Pamodzi ndi kusintha kopanda tanthauzo (plasma impregnation, mtima wall hyalinosis, dystrophy, cell proliferation ndi atrophy), makulidwe amkati mwa chipinda cha endothelial chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa zinthu za SHIK zabwino (makamaka mtundu wa IV collagen) ndizodziwikanso ndi matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amakhudza pafupifupi 100% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga koposa zaka 15. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwa morphological komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga a shuga omwe amachititsa kuti matenda amtunduwu azikhala, ma micaneurysms amapanga ma capillaries ndi ma venological a retina, komanso perivascular - edema, hemorrhages, dystrophic and atrophic change in the optic nerve. Gawani osagwiritsa, kapena osavuta, matenda a shuga.

1.3.2 Matenda a masamu

Sepsis yokhala ndi purast metastases imatchedwa septopolyemia. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya staphylococcal septopolyemia (mafomu a enamantine ndi pachimake).

1.3.2 Matenda a masamu

Sepsis yokhala ndi purast metastases imatchedwa septopolyemia. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya staphylococcal septopolyemia (mafomu a enamantine ndi pachimake).

Matenda achifundo

The morphological chiwonetsero cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndi diverticula yoyenera komanso kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a khoma lamatumbo chisanachitike kuwonekera kwa minofu komanso ma cell.

1.3.2 Matenda a masamu

Sepsis yokhala ndi purast metastases imatchedwa septopolyemia. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya staphylococcal septopolyemia (mafomu a enamantine ndi pachimake).

1.3.2 Matenda a masamu

Sepsis yokhala ndi purast metastases imatchedwa septopolyemia. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya staphylococcal septopolyemia (mafomu a enamantine ndi pachimake).

General pathology (pathological anatomy ndi pathomy anatomy)

Pathological anatomy (kuchokera ku Greek. Pathos - matenda) - sayansi yomwe imasanthula maziko azinthu zoyambira - zinaonekera pakati pa zaka za XVIII. Kukula kwake m'mbiri yamakono kwagawika magawo awiri: macroscopic (mpaka pakati pa XX century.

CHITSANZO CHA PATHOLOGICAL

Kusintha kwa m'matenda kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamatumbo ndi atherosulinosis. Ndi stenocardia, pamene palibe myocardial infarction, owoneka ochepa okha a mtima amadziwika.

Pathological anatomy a pulpitis

Pakufufuza kwa mbiri yakale, kutupa kwamkati pachimake (ndi pachimake pulpitis) kumadziwika ndi edema, hyperemia yamkati, kutsutsana kwa zinthu zamanjenje, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kupweteka kwambiri.

3. Pathological anatomy

Matendawa, atalowa impso kapena pelvis mwa njira ya hemato native kapena urino native, amalowerera mkati mwa impso ndi minyewa ya impso.

Matenda achifundo

Khansa ya Esophageal imakonda kumera m'malo achilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, chotupa chimachitika pakatikati pa thoracic esophagus (40-70%). Ma tumende a gawo lotsika lachitatu la thoracic ali m'malo achiwiri pafupipafupi (25-40%). Mu gawo lachitatu kumtunda kwa chifuwa.