Type 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa shuga amadwala matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini komwe amapanga maselo a pancreatic. Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika ndi kuphwanya njira za metabolic, pomwe minofu yam'mimba imayamba kulimbana ndi glucose, chifukwa cha zinthuzi zimadziunjikira m'magazi. Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda, matenda ashuga ali pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayamba pamene chithandizo cha mankhwala sichitsatiridwa.

Epidemiology

Ziwonetserozi zikukula mosalekeza. World Health Organisation (WHO) ilosera chiwonjezeko chachitali cha chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi mpaka 300-350 miliyoni pazaka 15-25. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kusintha kwamitundu ya anthu, komanso kutukuka kosalekeza kwa midzi.

Chiwerengero chovuta kwambiri cha kufala kwa matenda ashuga a 2 amawonedwa m'maiko otukuka. Kutali kwakumpoto kwa kutalika kwachilengedwe, odwala ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi vuto logaya.

Dziwani za dziko zomwe zikuchitikazo. Chifukwa chake, izi zikuchuluka makamaka pakati pa Amwenye aku Pima ndi aku Mexico. Popezeka anthu ambiri, anthu okalamba amadwala. Mwa anthu onse achikulire, omwe amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga owonjezera kapena opitirira muyeso amapezeka m'mayeso 10%. Mwa anthu opitilira 65, kufala kumafika 20%. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa izi kumawonedwa patatha zaka 75.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chochitika china chowopsa chidadziwika - "kukonzanso" kwakukulu kwa msinkhu wowonekera kwa matenda a shuga a 2. Ngati matenda asanakhalepo mwa anthu osakwana zaka 40, tsopano amapezeka ndimatenda a achinyamata ngakhale ana.

Mwa abambo, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka kawirikawiri kuposa azimayi.

Zamoyo

Pali zinthu zingapo zamtunduwu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizionekera bwino. Matenda a shuga amapezeka chifukwa cha:

• chibadwa
• intrauterine chitukuko cha matenda,
• ukalamba
• kunenepa
• kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• chakudya chochulukirapo.

Chikhalidwe Chosiyanasiyana

Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti cholowa chimatsimikizira zomwe zimachitika 50-70%. Ngati kholo limodzi lidadwala matenda amtundu wa 2, mwayi wakumana ndi vuto lomweli umafikira 1: 2. Chiwopsezo cha matenda m'mapasa ofanana chimafikira 1: 9.

Matenda a shuga amatsimikizika ndi kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro chilichonse chimawonjezera mwayi wodwala ndi 5-15%. Odwala amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga ya loci yolumikizidwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Zotheka, kukula kwamatenda kumakhudzidwa ndi majini:

• kudziwa kapangidwe ndi insulin
• amene amachititsa chidwi cha zimakhala kuti insulin.

Zadziwika kale kuti ma genetic osavomerezeka amawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi 35-147%:

Zonsezi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa insulin.

Matenda a perinatal

Nthawi ya intrauterine imawonekera mu thanzi la munthu pamoyo wonse. Amadziwika kuti ngati mwana wabadwa ndi thupi lochepera, ndiye kuti mwayi wake wodwala matenda ashuga 2 ndiwokwera kwambiri. Ngati kulemera kwa kubala kumapitilira wamba, ndiye kuti zovuta za kagayidwe kakang'ono kogwiritsa ntchito muukalamba zimakulanso.

Kulemera kochepa kwa wakhanda (mpaka 2.3-2.8 makilogalamu) nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi nthawi ya kubereka. Izi zimakhudza mapangidwe a metabolism "achuma" apadera. Anthu otere poyambira kukana insulini. Pakupita kwa zaka, kagayidwe kachuma kamapangitsa munthu kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, matenda atherosulinosis, ndi matenda oopsa.

Kunenepa kwambiri pakubadwa (woposa makilogalamu 4.5) kumawonetsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kwa mayi ake. Amayi otere amapatsira ana awo zoyipa. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 kwa mwana ndi kufikira 50% (moyo wonse).

Kulemera komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi kumathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Kulemera kwabwinobwino kwa thupi kumafanana ndi mndandanda wa 18.5 mpaka 24.9 kg / m 2. Ngati BMI ya 25-29.9 kg / m 2, ndiye kuti amalankhula za onenepa kwambiri.

Otsatirawa madigiri atatu a kunenepa kwambiri:

• 1 digiri (30-34.9 kg / m 2),
• 2 digiri (35-39.9 kg / m 2),
• 3 digiri (oposa 40 kg / m 2).

BMI mwa amuna itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zoletsa pang'ono. Sitha kutsimikiza kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu okalamba komanso m'masewera omwe amakhala ndi minofu yayikulu. Mwa magulu awa odwala, ndikulondola kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose pogwiritsa ntchito caliperometry.

Pakatha zaka 30, amuna ambiri akulemera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zogonana zolimba zimasamala kwambiri zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu ngakhale pamasewera. Pachikhalidwe, kuwonda pang'ono kumawerengedwa kuti sikuti kwam'gwera munthu wamwamuna wamkulu.

Potukula matenda ashuga, gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi thupi. Amuna ambiri amakonda kunenepa kwambiri pamimba. Ndi njirayi, minofu yamafuta imayikidwa kwambiri pamimba. Ngati bambo ali ndi chiuno chokwanira kupitirira masentimita 96, ndiye kuti amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri pamimba. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lotere, chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndiwokwera maulendo 20 kuposa pafupifupi.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi amodzi mwa chikhalidwe cha moyo wamatauni. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akuchita ntchito zamaganizidwe.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizochepa poyerekeza:

• chifukwa chosowa nthawi yaulere,
• masewera otchuka
• kupezeka kwakukulu kwa mayendedwe apagulu ndi anthu.

Pafupifupi, munthu wokhala pamudzi amafunika ma kilocalories 3500-4500 patsiku. Ndi mphamvu yayikulu iyi yomwe bambo amagwiritsa ntchito m'mudzimo pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Kwa wokhala mumzinda, kufunikira kwa mphamvu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri wogwira ntchito muofesi amawononga ma kilocalories 2000-3000 patsiku.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi metabolism yachilengedwe. Amadziwika kuti patadutsa maola 12 ataphunzitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma insulini pama cell membrane kumapitirirabe. Minofu imawonjezera chidwi chawo ku insulin, monga kufunikira kwawo kwa glucose kumawonjezeka.

Matenda a 2 a matenda ashuga

Nthawi zambiri, insulini imagwira ntchito pamafuta ambiri amthupi.

Ali pa khungu, iye:

• amathandizira kugwedezeka kwa glucose,
• timapitiliza glycogen kaphatikizidwe,
• Amino acid.
• timapitilira kaphatikizidwe ka DNA,
• amathandizira kayendedwe ka ion
• imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndi mafuta,
• tikuletsa lipolysis,
• amachepetsa gluconeogenesis,
• amalepheretsa apoptosis.

Kusowa kwa insulini komanso kuchepa kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti glycemia iwonjezeke. Matenda a metabolic awa ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda amtundu wa 2. Mafuta am'magazi amatsogolera kuthana ndi gawo la impso ndi glycosuria. Kuchuluka kwa osmotic diuresis kumakwiyitsa madzi am'madzi.

Tiziwalo zonse zam'magazi a shuga 2 samalandira mphamvu zochuluka. Kuperewera kumatsekeka pang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Koma mthupi limodzi ndi matendawa, matenda obisika ang'onoang'ono nthawi zonse amasungidwa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale mahomoni ochepa kwambiri amatha kuletsa kapangidwe ka matupi a ketone (ketogenesis). Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus sadziwika ndi ketosis (kupereka mphamvu kwa thupi chifukwa cha matupi a ketone) ndi metabolic acidosis (acidization ya thupi chifukwa chodzikundikira zinthu zamankhwala acid.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga wofika ndi shuga wambiri sikumachitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera madzi m'thupi mukamamwetsa m'mimba kapena ndimatenda amtima (kugunda kwamtima).

Zotsatira zambiri za matenda ashuga ndizovuta zomwe zimachedwa. Zowonongeka zamachitidwe a ziwalo ndizotsatira zachindunji za hyperglycemia. Popanda kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zimawonongeka kwambiri m'maselo.

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri, zovuta zimatha kupezeka nthawi yomweyo matenda omwe amapezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri imabisika kwanthawi yayitali yobisika. Njira ya asymptomatic imapangitsa kuti adziwe zovuta zakutsogolo.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a 2 mwa amuna amapezeka mwangozi. Kuchepa pang'ono kwa thanzi lomwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyambirira kwamatendawa sikungapangitse odwala kuwona dokotala. Madandaulo nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi hyperglycemia yayikulu.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizofanana ndi matenda ashuga:

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, odwala amatha kudzikayikira. Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumalumikizidwa ndi hyperinsulinism.

Izi zidawonetsedwa:

• njala yayikulu
• manja akunjenjemera
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kukakamizidwa
• thukuta.

Nthawi zina odwala kwa nthawi yayitali amanyalanyaza zizindikiro zonse za matendawa. Kapangidwe ka zovuta kumawapangitsa kuti akaonane ndi dokotala.

Kwa abambo, chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zokambirana ndi madokotala ndi kukanika kwa erectile. Poyamba, wodwalayo angagwirizanitse kuchepa kwa potency ndi nkhawa yayitali, zaka komanso zifukwa zina. Mukamayang'ana odwala oterewa, kupezeka kwa hyperglycemia komanso kukana insulin kumatha kupezeka.

Zovuta zina za matenda a shuga 2 zimawonekera:

• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kuchepa kumverera kwa zala ndi zala zakumaso,
• kuwoneka kwa ming'alu ndi zilonda zosachiritsa,
• matenda opatsirana.

Matenda a shuga amathanso kuonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda a mtima kapena a stroke. Zomwezi palokha ndizotsatira zamavuto a metabolic. Mavuto akanatha kupewedwa mukazindikira kale matenda a shuga a 2.

Kuyesa Matenda a shuga

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 kumaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kwa hyperglycemia. Chifukwa cha izi, zitsanzo zama shuga am'magazi zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya. M'mawa, shuga ayenera kukhala m'mitundu 3.3-5,5 mM / L, masanawa - mpaka 7.8 mM / L. Matenda a shuga amapezeka pomwe hyperglycemia yapezeka kuchokera ku 6.1 mM / L pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena kuchokera 11.1 mM / L tsiku lonse.

Ngati mphamvu ya shuga ndi yapakatikati, ndiye kuti kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana ("curve shuga") kumachitika.

Wodwala ayenera kubwera kuchipatala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Choyamba, iye amatenga muyeso woyamba wa shuga. Kenako perekani madzi otsekemera kuti amwe (75 g shuga) pakamwa lililonse la madzi. Kuphatikiza apo pasanathe maola awiri wodwalayo ali pamalo opumira (atakhala). Munthawi imeneyi, simungathe kumwa, kapena kudya, kusuta, kapena kumwa mankhwala. Kenako, kuyeza magazi mobwerezabwereza kumachitika.

Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, kuwunika kungachitike:

• zizolowezi
• matenda ashuga
• kulolerana kwa shuga,
• kusala hyperglycemia.

Mikhalidwe iwiri yomaliza imadziwika ndi prediabetes. 15% ya odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kulekerera glucose amapanga shuga pachaka.

Gome 1 - Njira zoyesera matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zina za kagayidwe kazakudya (WHO, 1999).

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusanthula kwa hemoglobin kwa glycated kwakhala kukugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuti adziwe matenda a hyperglycemia. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa pafupifupi glycemia m'miyezi 3-4 yapitayo. Nthawi zambiri, hemoglobin wa glycated ndi 4-6%. Ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga, gawo ili limakwera mpaka 6.5% (ochepera).

Mayeso owonjezera amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire insulin kukaniza ndi kuchepa kwa insulin. Ndikofunikira kupenda magazi a insulin, C-peptide, magazi ndi mkodzo wa matupi a ketone. Nthawi zina pozindikiritsa mosiyanasiyana mtundu 1, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kupatsira ma antibodies ena (ku GAD, etc.)

Matenda a Type 2 amadziwika ndi:

• kuchuluka kapena kwabwinobwino ka insulin,
• kuchuluka kapena kwabwinoko kwa C-peptide,
• matupi a ketone otsika kapena opanda mkodzo ndi magazi,
• kusowa kwa gawo lalikulu la ma antibodies.

Insulin resistance indices (HOMA ndi CARO) amawerengedwa. Kuwonjezeka kwa mfundo za HOMA zopitilira 2.7 kukuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin. Ngati cholozera cha CarO ndichoposa 0.33, ndiye kuti izi zimatsimikizira kusamva kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ku beta-cell hormone.

Type 2 shuga

Zochizira mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa amuna, kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mapiritsi apadera ndi mapiritsi a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chakudyacho chikufanana ndi tebulo la 9 malinga ndi Pevzner. Pazakudya, kuchuluka kwamafuta a nyama ndi zakudya zosavuta zamafuta zimayenera kuchepetsedwa (onani mkuyu. 1). Ndikofunika kukonza chakudya pafupipafupi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Mkuyu. 1 - Mfundo zoyambitsa kudya zamavuto a shuga 2.

Mwamuna ayenera kudziwa pafupifupi kusowa kwake kwa mphamvu masana ndi kuganizira za zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Osamadya kwambiri. Ndikofunika makamaka kuchepetsa chakudya madzulo.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zaka komanso matenda omwe amakhala nawo.

Gome 2 - Zochita zolimbitsa thupi pochiza matenda a shuga 2.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumayamba nthawi yomweyo matenda a shuga atapezeka. Poyamba, mankhwala amodzi kapena kuphatikiza mapiritsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati izi sizokwanira, ndiye kuti insulin yolumikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri, njira yomweyo ya insulin imalimbikitsidwa monga kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu 1. Kusiyanitsa kwamankhwala:

• nthawi zina kungokhala ndi insulin yokwanira,
• palibe chifukwa chowonekeratu chithandizo cha pampu,
• Mlingo wa insulin ndi waukulu kwambiri,
• Sakanizani mankhwala amapereka zabwino.

Gome 3 - Zolinga zochizira mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amathandizidwa ndi endocrinologist. Odwala onse ayenera kulembedwa mu dispensary. Kuunika kwathunthu kumafunika kamodzi pachaka. Chithandizo chamkati - malinga ndi zikuwonetsa.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndi chiani?

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumadziwika kwa wodwala aliyense. Shuga wowukitsa amatsogolera kusokonezeka kwa njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi. Kukhala ndi shuga wambiri nthawi zonse kumayambitsa kuphwanya magazi, komwe kumakhala kofunikira kuti pakhale zovuta.

Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi kamakhudzanso odwala. Izi zimadziwika makamaka ndi madera otsika. Odwala adazindikira kutopa kothamanga poyenda, kutupa miyendo, kupweteka komanso kusasangalala.

Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito yoteteza khungu, chifukwa, kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa machiritso a epermermis kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Izi zili ndi chiwopsezo cha mabala osachiritsika (zotupa za pakhungu). Kuchepetsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zingapo, mpaka kufika pazilonda. Mtundu wonyalanyaza matendawa ungaphe.

Kuwonongeka kwa magazi kumabweretsa:

• wodwala matenda ashuga
• mitsempha
• kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'mimba,
• kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Zonsezi ndizowopsa ndipo popanda chithandizo zingayambitse kudwala kwa wodwala.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga zitha kugawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri - izi ndi kusintha kwamthupi m'thupi ndi zovuta zopezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pakukula kwa kusintha kwa pathological kumatenga nthawi yayitali, zovuta zotere zimawoneka ndi kuphwanya kwadongosolo kwamankhwala omwe amadziwika. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zitha kuwoneka patadutsa zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimayamba ndikusintha kwadzaoneni kwam shuga.

Mavuto oyambira

Aliyense amadziwa kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga - kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga. Coma amatanthauza zovuta zamatenda kapena zowopsa za matendawa ndipo zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko amasinthidwe amwadzidzidzi a shuga kukhala otsika kwambiri. Kukomoka kumachitika pamene onse omwe ali ndi shuga akukulira m'mavuto owopsa komanso akatsika kwambiri.

Ndi kuperewera kwa insulin yoyendetsedwa, chiopsezo chokhala ndi ketoacidosis ndi chambiri. Izi zimadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zama metabolic. Vutoli limakula msanga ndipo lingayambitse vuto.

Zonsezi zimafunikira wodwala kuchipatala mwachangu.

Kusintha kwachidziwitso mu shuga

Matenda a shuga amamenya mthupi lonse. Matendawa amayambitsa matenda a kwamikodzo komanso matenda amanjenje. Ndi matenda ashuga, kayendedwe kazinthu kamthupi kamazunzika kwambiri, mwina kuwonongeka kwa retinal ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi zotsatira zowopsa chikuwonjezeka nthawi zambiri ngati wodwala samvera zomwe dokotala akuwonetsa.

Pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mwa khumi a matenda a shuga amayamba nephropathy. Izi pathological amakhala ndi chovuta mu impso motsutsana zakumbuyo kuphwanya chakudya ndi mapuloteni kagayidwe mu thupi. Nephropathy imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa satsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zopweteka. Pathology ikhoza kukayikiridwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kutopa,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• ululu m'munsi
• mutu
• kutupa.

Ululu ndi nephropathy ndi episodic mwachilengedwe, nthawi zina amadzuka, kenako ndikusowa. Edema yokhala ndi matenda a impso imafalikira kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi ndipo choyambirira, ma secs pansi pamaso amawonekera. Vuto la metabolic limatha kukhala ndi vuto pa impso kwa zaka makumi ambiri, pomwe palibe chizindikiro, ndipo wodwalayo sakudziwa kukula kwa zovuta. Nephropathy nthawi zambiri imapezeka ngati puloteni imapezeka mumkodzo wa wodwalayo.

Mu malo achiwiri pamafupipafupi a zovuta ndi angiopathy. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa capillaries ndikuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Matendawa amakhudza kayendedwe kazinthu kamunthu kamunthu. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda awa ndi kupweteka kwamiyendo, komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi kupangika kwa zilonda zam'mimba. Popita nthawi, wodwala amakula. Kuchepetsa kwam'mimba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose, pomwe wodwalayo satsata zakudya zamagulu ochepa ndipo satenga mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Vutoli limatha "kugunda" ziwiya za m'maso ndi impso, chifukwa, matenda am'mimba komanso kulephera kwa aimpso kumayamba, komwe pakapita nthawi imasandulika kukhala nephropathy.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy ndi zotupa za zotumphukira zamanjenje. Matendawa amadziwika ndi vuto la kusamva bwino, kupweteka, kupindika kwa miyendo. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumachepetsa kumva kupweteka, komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zazikulu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, neuropathy imakhudza miyendo yam'munsi. Kuperewera kwa ululu kumabweretsa kuvulala mwangozi komanso kuwonongeka kwa khungu, lomwe mu matenda a shuga limakhala likukula ndimatumbo am'mimba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa khungu.

Encephalopathy mu matenda a shuga kumayambitsa matenda a ubongo ntchito. Matendawa amayenda ndi mutu wowopsa.

Matenda osokonezeka omwe amadza ndi ntchito ya impso, mthupi ndi mitsempha imayamba kukula pafupifupi pakatha zaka 15 mpaka 20 pambuyo pa matenda a shuga. Kulipidwa kwa matenda ashuga kungachedwetse kukula kwa izi.

Chifukwa chake, mwa odwala okalamba, pali kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe amafunikira kuthandizidwa. Choyamba, khungu limavutika. Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kusinthika. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa khungu. Ngati matendawa akapanda kuthandizidwa, amapita patsogolo ndikukhala chifukwa cha matenda a matenda ashuga. Pozindikira mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba ndikuchifanizira ndi chithunzi, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu ngati vuto loterolo litayamba kuonekera.

Kuwonongeka kwa impso kumawonekera chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa zinthu za metabolic. Popanda chithandizo chanthawi yake, matendawa amayambitsa matenda a impso.

Poyerekeza ndi shuga yemwe amakhala akuchulukirachulukira, kupendekera kwa lumen pakati pa khoma la zotengera kumachitika. Izi zili ndi chiwopsezo cha kuundana kwa magazi, kukula kwa vuto la mtima ndi sitiroko.

Monga mukuwonera, zovuta zonse zovuta zimalumikizana kwambiri ndikukula ndi shuga yokwezeka nthawi zonse. Kubwezera matendawa, komwe kumatheka chifukwa chotsatira kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndikuwongolera kulemera kwa wodwalayo, zimathandiza kupewa kukulitsa zovuta za matenda ashuga akazi ndi amuna.

Mavuto mwa akazi

Mwazi wokhala ndi mafuta okwanira nthawi zonse ndi malo abwino pofalitsa yisiti bowa. Mavuto a mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a azimayi amawonetsedwa ndimatenda a fungus a pafupipafupi, omwe ndiovuta kuyankha pakumwa mankhwala.

Mu matenda a shuga, glucose amalowa mkodzo, chifukwa chake fungal matenda amayamba chikhodzodzo. Matendawa amatengedwa ndi kuyabwa komanso kupweteka pokodza. Chithandizo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndi chovuta chifukwa chakuti nthawi zonse shuga okwanira amakulitsa kukula kwa patrofgen microflora, chifukwa cha njira zochiritsira zilizonse zimabweretsa mpumulo wakanthawi.

Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zovuta zingapo zimayamba kubala mwana. Komanso, ngati mayi sanachite bwino kubwezera matendawa asanatenge pathupi, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga hypoglycemia mu mwana wosabadwayo. Nthawi zambiri, azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin amakhala oti ali ndi ana onenepa kwambiri.

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda a shuga 2, koma samatsatira malamulo a mankhwalawo. Ngati malingaliro a endocrinologist satsatiridwa, kapamba amatsirizika ndi ukalamba ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kulowa mumatenda omwe amadalira insulin, pamene ma jakisoni a tsiku ndi tsiku amafunikira kuti asunge chithandizo cha moyo. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotsatira za matenda ashuga a 2, ndikusintha moyo, kudzudzula ndi chidwi paumoyo wanu zingathandize. Odwala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya mosamala, poganizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kumwa mankhwalawa omwe adokotala amapeza panthawi yake. Kulephera kutsatira njira yachipatala kumabweretsa zotsatira zowopsa zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wodwalayo.

Ndi matenda a shuga, munthu amakhala ndi vuto la metabolic. Zambiri mwa zovuta izi zimakhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazakudya, chifukwa kupanga osakwanira ka insulin kumapangitsa kuti shuga asadutse. Kukhala bwino kwa munthu kumatengera mulingo wake m'mwazi. Matenda a shuga amatha kudalira insulini (amatchedwa mtundu 1) komanso osadalira insulini (mtundu 2). Mtundu wa matendawa umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi: silipangidwa konse kapena limapangidwa, koma minofu yake sili nayo chidwi.

Matendawa amakhala ndi matenda osachiritsika ndipo samachiritsidwa kwathunthu. Imayendetsedwa ndi zakudya kapena mankhwala. Wodwala amafunikira kuwongolera njira yochitira tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndi kuyang'anira ukhondo wa thupi. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakakamizika kuwunika magazi a magazi ndi glycated hemoglobin. Kuzunza koyambirira kuyenera kukhala 4-6.6 mmol / l, ndipo kwachiwiri sikuyenera kufika 8%. Tikusungabe zisonyezo pamlingo uno, kupezeka kwa zovuta sikuopseza munthu. Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse chimachitika ngati simutengera chidwi ndi matendawa.