Kodi matenda ngati matenda a shuga amachiritsidwadi?

Kugwedeza, kusadziwika, moyo wonse. Izi zikuwoneka ngati mtundu woyamba wa shuga kwa odwala omwe angopezeka kumene. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwatsopano akuyembekezeka m'masiku akubwera ndi mamembala onse a banja lake. Chovuta kwambiri ndi mkhalidwe pamene matenda ashuga amapezeka mwa ana. Zidzachitika ndi chiyani, choti achite? Kodi matenda a shuga angachiritsidwe, ndizotheka kukhala ndi moyo wonse, kapena ayi?

Ndikosatheka kuchira kwathunthu ndi matendawa, koma chithandizo chamakono cha matenda ashuga chimapereka chidziwitso chabwino.

Matenda a shuga (mtundu woyamba) nthawi zambiri amapezeka ngati buluu wochokera kubuluu - mbiri yam'banja yamatendawa imakhalapo mu milandu khumi yokha. Mwanayo, zitha kuwoneka kuti ali wathanzi labwino, modzidzimutsa amayenera kuthana ndi vuto la moyo wonse, makolo ake owopa, adzayenera kuphunzira momwe angathanirane ndi matendawa, kudziwa zenizeni zamomwe angachiritsire matenda ashuga, ndikudziwa momwe matendawa amatanthauzira mbadwa zawo. Zonsezi mosalephera zimagwiritsa ntchito moyo, mapulani, ndipo zimayimira cholemetsa chachikulu pa psyche. Osadandaula, matenda a shuga si "mathero athunthu" Tiyeni tiwone ngati matenda a shuga amathandizidwa komanso momwe amayenera kuchitira moyenera.

Kukhala wodekha kumatanthauza kudziwa zambiri momwe ungathere

Monga momwe mungathere, sonkhanitsani zambiri za matendawa. Nthawi yomweyo, pewani magwero okayikitsa, monga kukambirana pa intaneti - amatha kuwawopa kwambiri. Chidziwitso chodalirika komanso upangiri wodalirika wokhudza matendawa ungaperekedwe ndi dokotala. Pansipa pali chidule cha mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

Matenda a shuga 1 amadziwika ndi shuga wambiri (shuga m'magazi), popeza thupi limasowa insulin, yomwe imalola kuti isunthe m'maselo. Insulin, monga lamulo, imapangidwa ndi maselo a kapamba, omwe, pomwepo, amawonongeka chifukwa chazovuta zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu.
Matendawa ayenera kuchiritsidwa munthawi yake, chifukwa shuga yayitali imatha kuwononga mitsempha, mitsempha ndi impso.
Osayang'ana kumbuyo. Matendawa sanayambitsidwa ndi cholakwika ndipo mwina sanabadwa nacho.
Osadandaula, lembani matenda ashuga 1, ngakhale sangathe kuchiritsa (kuchiritsa kozizwitsa sichinapangidwebe), koma chithandizo chitha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha zovuta. Matendawa komanso kuchiritsa kwake odwala matenda ashuga iye ndi banja lake posachedwa akhala chinthu chodziwika bwino, osapanga zopinga zazikulu.

Kukhazikitsa insulin

Izi ndizofunikira kuti maselo amthupi akhale ndi shuga wambiri ndipo, motero, mphamvu yogwira ntchito yawo. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala a insulin ndi ofunika. Zachidziwikire, mumadabwa chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kumeza mapiritsi a insulin. Izi ndichifukwa choti insulin ndi mapuloteni omwe samatengeka m'matumbo a magazi kupita m'magazi, umatha kungosungunuka ndikuwamwa. Kufunika kopereka jakisoni kwa mwana poyamba kungayambitse nkhawa yayikulu mwa makolo. Komabe, pamapeto pake zidzakhala zofala. Mwana wamkulu adzaphunzira kudzipereka payekha ndikumayimira yosavuta, jakisoniyo suvuta. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito otchedwa. pampu ya insulini, chomwe ndi chida chomwe, chokhazikika pazomwe zili pakachipangizocho, chimavulaza insulin pansi pa khungu.

Kuyang'anira mosalekeza

Popeza kapamba samagwira ntchito yokhala ndi matenda ashuga, omwe, mwanjira wamba, amapangidwa kuti azilamulira shuga wamagazi, motero, amasula insulin, mtsogolomo munthu ayenera "kuganiza m'malo mwake."

Izi zikutanthauza - osangobaya jakisoni, komanso nthawi ndi nthawi muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (shuga) kuchokera dontho la magazi pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera.
Komanso, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe amadya ndi chakudya.
Muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose "komwe kungathe" ntchito ndi thupi lanu.
Malinga ndi izi, muyenera kudziwa mtundu woyenera wa insulin, womwe umayikidwa pa pulogalamu yofunsira kapena insulin.

Pemphani malangizo

Ngakhale atayesetsa bwanji kuti akhale wodekha komanso wololera, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kuda nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kapena kukhumudwa. Panthawi imeneyi, musachite manyazi ndikupempha thandizo ndi upangiri. Zitha kuchokera kwa omwe ali pafupi nanu, kuchokera kwa azachipatala omwe amathandiza polimbana ndi matenda a shuga, kapenanso kuchokera kwa akatswiri amisala kapena a psychiatrist. Osadandaula. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala bwinobwino, popanda malire. Zonsezi ndi nkhani yanthawi yochepa chabe.

Mankhwala othandizira pakamwa - ngati kuli koyenera, amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mankhwala othandizira pakamwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga, omwe, mosiyana ndi insulin, amameza. Pali mankhwala ambiri amomwe amasiyana mumapangidwe amachitidwe, komanso malinga ndi katundu wina. Mankhwala ena amakono a antiidiabetes angatengedwe ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la Impso ndi kwa chiwindi, pomwe munthawi ya mitundu yakale izi sizinali zotheka.

Mankhwala ena omwe adalowetsedwa pamsika wamankhwala posachedwa, nawonso, amalonjeza kuchepa thupi, komwe kumalandiridwa kwambiri ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, makamaka, mtundu 2.

Biguanides (Metformin)

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisankho choyambirira pochizira matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Amagwira ntchito pa mfundo yowonjezera kukhudzika kwa minofu ya thupi kuti ipangire insulini ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi. Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi sayenera kumwedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso ndi mtima, apo ayi, pali chiopsezo chovuta kwambiri - lactic acidosis. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha Biguanides zimaphatikizanso mseru ndi kutsekula m'mimba, koma nthawi zambiri zimatha pakapita kanthawi.

Sulfonylurea

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali mgululi amathandizira kuti amasulidwe a insulin ndi kapamba komanso shuga wamagazi ochepa, atatha kudya. Kukonzekera kwa Sulfonylurea sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyipa kwambiri kwaimpso ndipo sikoyenera kukhala mankhwala oyambira kuchiza odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa thupi. Zizindikiro zosasangalatsa kwambiri, limodzi ndi kunenepa kwambiri, zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia (shuga m'magazi), zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri mukamamwa mankhwala akulu, pakusala kudya kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso.

Monga sulfonylurea, ma glinides amathandizanso kutulutsa insulin kuchokera ku kapamba. Amachitapo kanthu mwachangu ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo patsiku. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa gilinides kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha hypoglycemia.

Glitazones (thiazolidinediones)

Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi amalimbikitsa chidwi cha minyewa ya insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito kosayenera mu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, chifukwa iwowa, pawokha, amakulitsa pafupipafupi matendawa. Chochitika china chosasangalatsa chikuyimiriridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa milandu ya fractures mwa azimayi a postmenopausal.

DPP4 Ma Inhibitors

Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi ali ndi phindu pa glucose wamagazi. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena am'mbuyomu, gululi silitenga nawo mbali poyerekeza kulemera kwa thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizikukhudza mwanjira iliyonse. Mankhwalawa amachulukitsa kutulutsidwa kwa insulin, koma pokhapokha pali hyperglycemia (shuga yayikulu). Ndi mulingo wabwinobwino wamagazi, mankhwalawa samakhudza insulin katemera chifukwa chake samayambitsa hypoglycemia yosafunikira, pafupipafupi zovuta zake ndizochepa.

SGLT2 Inhibitors

Ichi ndi mankhwala omaliza a antiidiabetes omwe adayambitsidwa posachedwa. Imagwira mwachindunji impso, momwe imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'magazi ndikuthandizira kuphipha kwake mkodzo. Izi zimaletsa kuchuluka kosafunikira kwa shuga m'magazi. Ubwino wina ndikuti mukamwa mankhwala a gululi, kuchepa kwa thupi kumasonyezedwa. Mu 3-4% ya anthu omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, nthawi zambiri matendawo amayamba.

Phindu la mankhwala amakono a antiidiabetes (RAP)
Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga kumawongolera katundu wawo - chiwopsezo chochepa cha zovuta zina, komanso, chothandiza pamagawo ena kuposa shuga wamagazi.

Mankhwala ena amakono omwe amabwera ndi matenda abwinowa amabweretsa zotsatirazi:

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikumakhudza kapena kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi (zomwe ndizofunikira pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga. Ma MPD akale amawonjezera kulemera kwa thupi).
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia (kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa thukuta, kunjenjemera, nkhawa, mantha, chisokonezo, chikumbumtima).
Amatha kuthandizidwa ndi odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso ndi kwa chiwindi.
Amatha kuthandizira kutsika kwa magazi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakwezedwa mwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Osakhudza mtima.
Amatha kukhudza magazi a lipids.

Kupambana kwa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga? Anthu odwala matenda ashuga angakane jakisoni

Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kumatha kubwezeretsa kupanga kwa insulin mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1! Asayansi aku America awonetsa kuti kuchira ndizovomerezeka mpaka chaka chimodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusinthaku kukubwera pomwe anthu odwala matenda ashuga sadzafunikanso jekeseni wa tsiku ndi tsiku kulowa mthupi, analemba nyuzipepala yaku Britain ya The Daily Telegraph, yomwe inafalitsa nkhaniyi.

Anthu athanzi amakhala ndi maselo mabiliyoni mthupi, omwe amadziwika kuti T-lymphocyte. Amateteza maselo opanga insulin kuti isasokoneze chitetezo chamthupi. Mwa anthu omwe akuvutika, makamaka, matenda a shuga 1, amakhala osakwanira, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyambitsa insulini m'thupi mwakuchita kubaya masiku onse.

Asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya California ndi Yale posachedwa adawonetsa kuti izi zitha kusintha mwa kuchulukitsa kwa ma T-lymphocyte otengedwa kuchokera kwa munthu wodwala, ndikuyambanso kusintha kwa maselo ochulukitsa kulowa mthupi. Mayeso oyamba omwe adachitika ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa odwala 14 omwe ali ndi zaka 18-43 adawonetsa kuti mankhwalawo ndi otetezeka ndikupereka thupi pobwezeretsa kupanga insulin, mpaka chaka chimodzi.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma T-lymphocyte chifukwa "chofunitsanso" chitetezo cha m'thupi, zitha kutsogolera matendawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Type 1 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa achinyamata. Awa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 30- 35, komanso ana.

Kukula kwa matenda am'mimba kumachitika chifukwa cha malfunctions mu magwiridwe antchito a kapamba.

Popeza ndi thupi ili lomwe limayang'anira kupangika kwa insulin ya mahomoni mu kuchuluka kofunikira kwa munthu. Zotsatira za kukula kwa matendawa, ma cell a beta amawonongedwa ndipo insulin imatsekedwa.

Mwa zina zazikulu zomwe zingayambitse chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga 1 ndi:

Kubadwa kwa chibadwa kapena chinthu chobadwa nacho kumatha kudzetsa nthendayo mwa mwana ngati m'modzi mwa makolo atazindikira izi. Mwamwayi, izi sizimawoneka nthawi zambiri, koma zimangowonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa.
Kupsinjika kwakukuru kapena kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro nthawi zina kumatha kukhala ngati lever yomwe ingayambitse kukula kwa matendawa.
Matenda opatsirana aposachedwa, kuphatikizapo rubella, mumps, hepatitis, kapena nthomba. Matenda amakhudzanso thupi lonse, koma kapamba amayamba kuvutika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu chimayamba kudziwonongera mwaokha mozungulira ma cell a chiwalochi.

Pakupanga matendawa, wodwalayo sangathe kulingalira za moyo popanda jakisoni wa insulin, popeza thupi lake silingatulutse timadzi timeneti.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine pomwe munthu amakhala ndi vuto la metabolic. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin ya mapuloteni ndi ma kapamba. Pazifukwa izi, odwala amakakamizidwa kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kwenikweni, matendawa amayamba pambuyo poti matendawa atha kugwira ntchito, moyenera, maselo a beta omwe amachititsa kuti insulin iwonongeke. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana opatsirana kapena kupsinjika.

Osati kawirikawiri, matenda amtundu wa 1 amabadwa. Ngati kholo limodzi lidwala, chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wodwala ndi 5%.

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya matenda yomwe singathe?

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri yaposachedwa ya shuga, palinso mitundu ina ya matenda. Ena amapezeka mwa odwala nthawi zambiri. Ndizotheka kuti amasokonezeka ndi mtundu wa 1 kapena 2 wamatenda, chifukwa chithunzi cha chipatala chimadziwika ndi zofanana.

Mfundo zachithandizo

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 sichingatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. Kusankha ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika ndi madokotala omwe amapezeka ndi wodwalayo, poganizira zovuta za chithunzi cha matenda ndi mawonekedwe a munthu.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi ma analogues kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zopewera matendawa, monga njira ina iliyonse yodzichitira nokha, nkoletsedwa.

Ndizosatheka kulingalira mankhwala omwe angatengere chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo popanda insulin. Odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli amadalira majakisoni oterowo kuti athe kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Momwe mungagwiritsire matenda amtundu wa shuga komanso ndimankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito? Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kuphatikizira magulu otsatirawa a mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa:

Yaifupi ndi ya insulin. Mphamvu ya jekeseni wovulalayo imadziwoneka mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuchita kwakanthawi kochepa. Chimodzi mwa mankhwala omwe ali mgululi ndi mankhwala a Actrapid, omwe amayamba kuchita ndikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa jakisoni. Zotsatira zake zimatha kupitilira maola awiri kapena anayi.
Homoni wodziwika pakatikati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa, chifukwa amatha kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa insulin m'magazi a anthu. Woimira gulu ili la mankhwalawo ndi Protafan NM, zomwe zimayamba kuwonekera patatha maola awiri jekeseni litatha ndikukhalabe m'thupi kwa maola ena eyiti mpaka khumi.
Kuchita insulin kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kugwira ntchito kwa maola makumi atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa amayamba kuchita pafupifupi maola 10 mpaka 12 jekeseni.

Pofuna kuchiza matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, muyenera kubayira jakisoni nthawi zonse. Njira yodziwika bwino yoperekera chithandizo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa komanso nthawi ya jakisoni kumathandizira kuti shuga ya magazi isakhale yovomerezeka.

Thandizo loyamba, lomwe lingachepetse shuga wamagazi, limakhazikitsidwa ndi jakisoni mwachindunji wa insulin. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa a gululi amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso yochepa kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thandizo loyamba. Nthawi yomweyo, kwa munthu aliyense, mankhwala okonzekera mankhwala amasankhidwa payekha.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala amkamwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amathandizira kuchepa kwa shuga.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali mitundu iwiri yodwala - matenda 1 a shuga komanso chachiwiri.

Ngakhale kuti pakadali pano ndizosatheka kuchira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, izi sizitanthauza kuti asayansi sakuyang'ana njira ndi njira zomwe zingathandizire kulimbana ndi matenda oyamba posachedwa.

Mankhwala atsopano, matekinoloje, ndi njira zina zikupangidwa kuti zithandizire kuchiza matenda ashuga.

Ndizotheka kuti posachedwapa. Zikhala bwanji, odwala ali ndi chidwi? Zitha kukhala zotheka kupanga kapamba wogwira bwino ntchito.

Zomwe zikuchitika zikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsa bwino ma cell a beta. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga mankhwala atsopano omwe amatha kutsekereza njira za autoimmune, ndikuonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa maselo atsopano a beta, akupita patsogolo.

Ngati tikunena za zenizeni, kapamba wa chiyambi chakupanga ndiye lingaliro labwino kwambiri la kuchiritsa kwathunthu matenda a shuga.

Komabe, kuyankhula za kuchira kwathunthu sikuli konse konse, chifukwa muyenera kupanga chida chamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri - chipangizo (chipangizo, zida) chomwe chidzayendetse palokha magulu a shuga mthupi la munthu, kuwasunga pamlingo wofunikira. Potengera maziko awa, chitsulo chake sichingagwire ntchito.

Ponena za zomwe zatsala, zomwe zikuchitika molowera kuchira kwathunthu kwamatenda, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti odwala sayenera kuyembekezera m'zaka 10 zikubwerazi.

Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizachisoni monga zikuwonekera poyamba. Masiku ano pali chilichonse chomwe mungafune, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wodikirira kubwera kwamtsogolo ndi zovuta zochepa.

Munjira iyi, tikukamba za ma cholembera apadera a syringe operekera mahomoni, mapampu a insulini, ma glucometer ndi machitidwe kuti apitirize kuwunika shuga mthupi la munthu.

Chifukwa chake, zidapezeka kuti palibe munthu m'modzi padziko lapansi yemwe angachiritsidwe matenda a shuga 1. Chotsatira, muyenera kuganizira ngati ndizotheka kuchotsa mtundu 2 wa shuga kapena ayi?

Polankhula za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, ndikotheka kuyankha funso lomwe lili pamwambapa, zosankha zovuta. Kugonjetsa matenda kumatengera mwachindunji zina.

Choyamba, momwe wodwalayo amagwirira ntchito mokwanira, ndipo wodwalayo amatsatira zomwe dokotala amafunsa. Chachiwiri, ndi chiyani chomwe chikuchitika ndi matenda osachiritsika mwa anthu. Chachitatu, kodi pali zovuta zilizonse, kukula kwake kumakhala kotani.

Kodi matenda amtundu wa 2 angachiritsidwe? Matenda a mtundu wachiwiri ndi njira ya multifactorial, ndiye kuti, pali zifukwa zingapo zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kukhala onenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri kwa gawo lililonse, zomwe zimatsogolera kuti minofu yofewa imatha kumverera kwathunthu ndi insulin ya mahomoni. Mwanjira ina:

Mu mitundu yachiwiri ya odwala matenda ashuga, thupi limakhala ndi mahomoni okwanira (nthawi zina amakhala okwera kwambiri), komabe, siligwira ntchito mokwanira, chifukwa sizidziwika ndi minofu yofewa.
Momwemo, timadzi timadzi timadzi tambiri timadziti, timene timayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake, pamlingo wina, ndipo pokhapokha, titha kunena kuti matenda a shuga amatha kuthandizidwa, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi ndikofunikira kuti tichotse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero zama cell ku mahomoni.

Ngakhale kuti mu 2017 palibe njira yothandizira kuchiritsa matendawa, pali mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu, podziwa kuti, mungathe kupewa kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku mahomoni.

Kuthekera kwenikweni kwa kuchira kwathunthu kwamatenda kumatengera kutalika kwa matenda, ndipo mphindi iyi ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Mosazindikira, aliyense amamvetsetsa kuti matenda omwe adapezeka kumayambiriro koyambirira amatha kuthandizidwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuposa matenda omwe akhala akuchulukira kwa zaka 5 kapena kuposerapo. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?

Choyamba, zonse zimatengera zovuta. Matenda "okoma" sikuti akuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo, koma "kusintha" kwa matenda am'magazi kumachitika mu ziwalo zambiri zamkati ndi machitidwe.

"Zomwe" zovuta za shuga zomwe zimachitika mwa wodwala, nthawi zambiri matendawo amapezeka, omwe sangathe kusintha. Mavuto ali ndi magawo angapo, ndipo yoyamba ija imasinthiratu. Koma zovuta ndizomwe zimapezeka pakanthawi kochepa, ndipo munthawi 99%, sizotheka kupeza zoyipa msanga.

Kachiwiri, zonse zimatengera magwiridwe anu a ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene chiwalo chamkati chikagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndi kuwirikiza kawiri, kapena ngakhale katatu, chimatha pakapita nthawi. Zotsatira zake zomwe sizingatulutse mahomoni okwanira, osanenanso kuchuluka kwake.

Kenako, minyewa yam'mimba imayamba kupindika, ndipo chida chake chimazirala. Izi zikuyembekeza kuti odwala onse omwe sanapeze chindapusa chabwino cha matendawa, samvera zomwe dokotala akunena.

Kodi mungachiritse bwanji matendawo? Magulu a odwala oterewa amatha kuthandiza awa:

Pazaka zonse makonzedwe a insulin.
Kwambiri mankhwala.

Gawo lachitatu lomwe lingathandize kuthana ndi matendawa ndi gawo la kukula kwa zoyipa, ndiye kuti, zovuta. Ngati matenda a shuga adapezeka koyambirira, sizitanthauza kuti palibe zovuta.

Monga lamulo, pamene gawo loyambirira la matenda lipezeka, pali zovuta, ndipo ngati wapezeka mochedwa, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zosasintha sizipezeka. Pokhudzana ndi chidziwitsochi, mwayi wakuchiritsa matenda "okoma" umawonekera pokhapokha ngati mungathe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe sizinasinthe, ndiye kuti, zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe kudzera mu chithandizo choyenera.

Pamodzi ndi izi, titha kunena kuti machiritso a matenda a shuga a mtundu II ndi njira yomwe ili m'manja mwa wodwalayo.

Kubwezera matendawa ndikuwongolera shuga ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo wonse.

Chithandizo cha matendawa chimatengera gawo la kukula kwake komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta mwa wodwala. Matendawa amathandizidwa koyambirira kwawo.

Odwala omwe apezeka ndi matendawa kumapeto amafunika chithandizo cha mankhwala. Mankhwala amafunikiranso kwa odwala omwe sangathe kuwongolera moyo wawo komanso kudya mokwanira.

Mfundo zamankhwala ndi izi:

kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamagalimoto,
kutsatira zakudya zapadera,
kuyang'anira pafupipafupi magazi a glycemia,
kuthamanga kwa magazi
kumwa mankhwala ofunikira.

Chifukwa matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakula mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, amafunika kuyikidwa patsogolo kuti awongolere. Matenda a kunenepa, kudya moyenerera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumabwezeretsa glycemia wodwalayo mwachizolowezi.

Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi

Ntchito za locomotor ndizofunikira pothandiza odwala matenda ashuga. Amawonetsedwa makamaka kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kumathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kuti pang'onopang'ono abwezeretsedwe.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi monga imodzi mwazinthu zamankhwala zimatithandizira kuthana ndi mavuto awa:

matenda a shuga
kuchepa kwa ndende ya glucose chifukwa cha akatundu.

Minofu ya thupi la munthu imadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kusunganso kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo womwewo ndikuchepetsa thupi pang'onopang'ono.

Zakudya zamagulu

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, wodwala amafunika kusintha kwathunthu pakudya. Sizitanthauza kufa ndi njala kapena kuchepetsa kudya kwa masiku angapo - tanthauzo la chakudya cha matendawa ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Masana, munthu amalimbikitsidwa kudya maulendo 6, pomwe mbali za mbale ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono. Wodwala amafunika kuwunika nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya. Kupuma pakati pa chakudya sikuyenera kupitirira maola atatu.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zina ndi kukana kwathunthu zakudya zingapo.

Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, zotsatirazi siziphatikizidwa:

chakudya chopatsa thanzi,
chakudya chokazinga
Mitundu yonse ya zakudya zotsekemera ndi zamafuta,
mankhwala osuta
mowa
zakudya zonunkhira komanso zamafuta
msuzi wonenepa,
mitundu yonse yazakudya zachangu ndi marinade.

Zogulitsa zina ndizololedwa.

Izi ndi monga:

semolina
mbatata
pasitala
nyemba
nkhumba yopanda mafuta
tchizi chamafuta ochepa
mkaka wosakhazikika
kaloti
obera
chiwindi
dzira
mwanawankhosa
mtedza
mpunga, buluwheat, oatmeal.

Izi zimaloledwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, koma pang'ono.

Malonda ovomerezeka a shuga ndi awa:

nyama yopanda mafuta,
masamba ophika, ophika ndi ophika,
soya
zipatso (pafupifupi zonse) ndi zipatso,
nsomba.

Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti apange menyu tsiku lililonse la sabata. Polemba, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitsogozedwa ndi mfundo za zakudya zochepa.

Mukamakonzera menyu, muyenera kuchoka pazotsatirazi:

chakudya chamagulu,
kugawikana kwa chakudya (katatu pa tsiku),
zakudya zamasiku onse
kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba,
kupatula kwathunthu pazinthu zoletsedwa,
zakudya zazing'ono
kumwa madzi okwanira tsiku lililonse (pafupifupi 1.5 l),
kugwiritsa ntchito decoctions ndi tiyi kutengera zitsamba.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupewa njala. Zikaoneka, amalangizidwa kuti azikhazika mkaka wamafuta ochepa ndi zipatso. Ndi chithandizo chawo, ndizotheka kupewetsa kumverera kwa njala ndi kupirira mpaka chakudya chotsatira malinga ndi dongosolo. Kudya kwambiri kumaletsedwanso - simungathe kudya kwambiri ngakhale zinthu zovomerezeka. Muyenera kukwera kuchokera pagome ndikumverera kuti mutha kudya zambiri.

Glycemic control

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwunika tsiku lililonse misempha yamagazi. Pazaka zambiri, matendawa amapita patsogolo ndipo amakhudza maselo a pancreatic. Amachita molakwika ndi kupanga kwa insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, pali kuchuluka kawirikawiri m'magazi a magazi.

Pakuwunikira, chipangizo chotchedwa glucometer chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chipangizocho chimakulolani kuti tsiku lililonse muzikhala ndi glucose wodwala pamlingo woyenera kwambiri. Ngakhale kukakamizidwa mtengo kwa chipangizocho, kulipira.

Odwala sayenera kungokhala ndi kuwongolera kwa glucose m'mwazi. Chofunikira pa chikhalidwe chaumoyo ndizizindikiro mu mkodzo wa wodwalayo.

Zingwe zoyezetsa ndi njira yodziwika yogwiritsira ntchito shuga mu shuga. Koma njirayi imagwira bwino ntchito.

Mizere yoyesera imalola kuwona shuga mumkodzo pokhapokha kutulutsa kwake kupitirire 10 mmol / L. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, chizindikiro cha 8 mmol / L ndi chovuta kale.

Pachifukwa ichi, njira yodalirika komanso yodalirika yoyendetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi kuyesa kwadongosolo mu labotale.

Kuyendetsa magazi

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kulumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kakhalidwe. Chizindikiro chimodzi chofunikira ndikuwunika magazi pafupipafupi.

Kuchuluka kwake kosalamulira kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

chiopsezo chachikulu cha stroke,
kuwonongeka kowonera mpaka kutayika kwake,
kukula kwa aimpso kulephera.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumakhala chifukwa chomaliza cha kufera kwa ziwalo zamkati chifukwa chakuwonjezera mphamvu ndi mpweya.

Pamodzi ndi muyezo wokhazikika wa glycemia, wodwala amafunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi tsiku lililonse.

Mankhwala

Chithandizo cha mankhwala ndikofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe matendawa adapezeka kumapeto. Kusungabe thanzi la odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala kumafunikiranso ngati atakula kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala opatsirana odwala matenda ashuga amawayikira odwala kosatha, mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.

Awo omwe adalandira kale matendawa amafunika kuchira. Uwu ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe lidzatsogolera kuchiritsi.

Zachidziwikire, ndizovuta kuvomereza kuzindikira koteroko, koma ngati zili choncho, ziyenera kuti kuthetsedwe.

Kuti muchotse matenda m'thupi, ndikofunikira, choyamba, kuti mudzikhazikitse nokha kuti posachedwa, jakisoni onse a insulin adzayamba kuzimiririka. Ndizothekadi komanso zopezekanso. Koma mpaka kuchira kufike, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, a insulin ndi glucometer.

Kwa iwo omwe sakhulupirira, titha kunena mosabisa kuti mtundu wa 1 shuga ungathe kuchiritsidwa! Atangopeza kumene matenda oyamba - shuga mellitus, kuyambira pamenepo anayamba kufunafuna mankhwala omwe angachotseretu matenda.

Dziwani kuti kafukufuku akupitilizabe.

Madokotala ambiri amafuna kuteteza kapamba kuti asawononge chitetezo chathupi. Chifukwa cha izi, ambiri mankhwalawa adayamba kupanga ndikuyesedwa.

Ambiri aiwo adakhala njira yabwino yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi idabweza. Andromeda Biotech wapanga mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuukira kwa chitetezo cha mthupi pa kapamba.

Mankhwalawa, komabe, amathandiza okhawo omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga posachedwapa. Dia Pep 277 imathandizira kuchotsa matenda ashuga omwe amayamba chifukwa cha autoimmune. Amalembedwanso kwa anthu omwe amatha kupeza matenda amtundu wa 1 monga prophylaxis.

M'madera athu, kwa ambiri, njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yothandizira matenda a shuga 1 ndi insulin. Popeza mtundu wodwala matenda a shuga 1 amadalira insulin, chithandizo chomwe chimatengera mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, odwala amapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulin. Mlingo wa insulin uyenera kufotokozedwa ndi dokotala.

Mankhwala a insulin a matenda a shuga 1 amachitika makamaka pambuyo poti shuga amadziwika bwino, motero, limodzi ndi mankhwala ofunikira, wodwalayo ayenera kugula glucometer. Chida chaching'ono ichi chimapulumutsa chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri - moyo wa munthu.

Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kubayidwa kuti ateteze hypoglycemia kapena insulin yambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a insulin.

Kwa iwo omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1, musataye mtima, chifukwa matendawa amatha ndipo amayenera kuwongoleredwa.Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin limodzi ndi zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, zovuta zilizonse zimatha kupewedwa.

Mdziko lapansi kuli anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga omwe amakhala moyo wawo wonse jakisoni wa insulin, amakhala osangalala ndi moyo wawo, ali ndi mabanja, ambiri amabala zidzukulu zawo.

Chovuta kwambiri pamatendawa ndi masiku oyamba atazindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa. Munthu amafunika nthawi kuti azolowere kuganiza kuti moyo wabwino udzasinthiratu.

Mankhwala

Kodi kuchiritsa matenda ashuga ndi zakudya? Dziwani kuti kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zamafuta sikuthanso kuthetsa matendawa, koma kupewa mankhwalawa m'magazi amwazi ndi zovuta zina. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chovuta kuchipatala chimatengera kutsata kovomerezeka pachakudya chokhwima, chomwe chimayenera kupangidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala.

Chimodzi mwa zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga ndikuti kudziletsa pamagulu ena azakudya sikofunikira kuti muchepetse thupi, koma kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuchokera ku zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo komanso thupi lake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba mosavuta, shuga, zakudya zamafuta.

Kukula kwakukulu, ndikofunikira kudya masamba, zitsamba kapena zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yazomera. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya ziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi index yochepa ya glycemic, chifukwa sizithandiza pakukweza kwa glucose. Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa kuti palibe zakudya zotere ndi zakudya zomwe zimatsitsa shuga m'magazi mwachindunji.

Ndi mndandanda wazakudya zopangidwa moyenera, zotsatirazi zabwino za zakudya zoterezi zitha kuwoneka:

Mwazi wa m'magazi umasinthasintha, kudumpha kwadzidzidzi sudden
kumabweretsa kufunika kochepetsa insulin dosagesꓼ
hypoglycemia singachitike kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse zakudya zoyenera proper
kuchuluka kwa wodwala kumachitika bwino

Kodi matenda amtundu wa 2 angachiritsidwe kapena ayi? Funsoli nthawi zambiri limachokera pamilomo ya odwala matenda ashuga omwe akufuna kuchira kwathunthu ku matenda awo, ndipo akufuna njira. Komabe, funsoli lidzakhala losalimbikitsa.

Type 2 matenda a shuga ndi matenda opita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono omwe ambiri mwa zithunzi zamankhwala amapezeka mwa anthu atatha zaka 40.

Ndipo nthawi zambiri matenda akapezeka, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zovuta zina mpaka kalekale. Mfundo zoyambira kutsata za matenda "okoma" zimayang'ana zotsatirazi:

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kusintha kukhudzidwa kwa maselo kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni.
Zakudya zoyenera, i.e. chakudya chochepa chama carb kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Menyuyi imaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya pang'ono komanso wowuma, komanso yokhala ndi index ya glycemic yotsika.
Kuwunikira nthawi zonse shuga kuti magazi asadutse.

Kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin, mankhwala othandizira a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulin ndi Normoglycemia ndikusunga kukula kwa thupi kwa odwala achinyamata. Mfundo zake ndi makina a insulin, omwe amaletsa hyperglycemic ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala a insulin amakhala amoyo. Mankhwala akayamba komanso kukonzekera pa nthawi, chikhululukiro chakanthawi nthawi zambiri chimakwaniritsidwa, ndipo pakapita nthawi, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakhazikika.

Popanda insulin, palibe mankhwala a mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Komabe, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito:

masapulogalamu apadera omwe amateteza shuga mu thupi,
Mankhwala a Dialec, omwe amathandizira kapangidwe kake kapamba, amachepetsa kuthamanga ndi kunenepa.

Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amaletsa zotsatira zoyipa za shuga:

ACE zoletsa - zimathandizira kukulitsa kukakamiza ndi ntchito ya impso,
mankhwala omwe amateteza kugaya chakudya mu mtundu 1 wa shuga (Erythromycin, Tsurekal, etc.),
othandizira omwe amabwezeretsa mtima (Cardiomagnyl),
mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol m'thupi (Lovastatin, Simvastatin).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe

Monga thandizo lothandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wa wodwala, maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba, atha kupangidwa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi kapena zingapo, muyenera choyamba kuwagwirizanitsa ndi adokotala. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira kapena njira zina sizitanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kusiyiratu mankhwala a insulin, popeza machitidwe oterewa amatha kupangitsa kuti afe.

Pampu ya insulin ndi njira ina yochizira matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa syringe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, insulin imayendetsedwa pafupipafupi ndi madokotala.

Chipangizocho chili ndi gawo la chowongolera, chosungira chosinthika (katiriji), singano, catheter ndi chubu. Chipangizocho chimayikidwa pamalo abwino kwa wodwala ndi chidutswa chapadera. Catheter imayikidwa mwachinsinsi komanso kutetezedwa ndi chigamba. Kulimbitsa insulin kumachitika kudzera mu chubu ndi catheter. The catheter amalowa m'malo masiku atatu aliwonse. Chidebe chamankhwala chimasinthidwa monga chopanda kanthu.

Pampu ya insulin ingagwire ntchito mumitundu iwiri:

kudya kosalekeza insulin mthupi (basal mlingo),
kupereka mankhwala nthawi yomweyo musanadye kapena panthawi zina.

Njira yatsopano yachipatala ndi yolondola kwambiri, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imalimbikitsidwa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kwambiri kapena zovuta, amayi apakati, ana, odwala omwe akuchita nawo zamasewera, etc.

Zina zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kukwera mtengo kwa chipangizocho ndi zinthu zake, komanso kuyipa kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Pampu ya insulin sikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukudwala odwala, pofuna kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho komanso kuona pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiyanitsa zomwe zalembedwa pazenera la chida.