Matenda ashuga - Science of matenda a shuga

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Ngati munthu akudwala matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti thupi lamtunduwu limapereka zoletsa komanso zoletsa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zambiri ndizosayenera:

• kuphika batala,
• chipatso chokoma
• ayisikilimu
• zopangidwa ndi confectionery.

Kuti mukhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chimbale chapadera chomwe chimasunga tsiku ndi tsiku za calorie ndi mafuta ambiri, komanso kuzimasulira mu magulu otchedwa mkate.

Tisaiwale za kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zomwe zingalepheretse kusinthasintha kwa shuga.

Anthu ena odwala matenda ashuga amazindikira zamkaka. Sikuti aliyense aganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa ng ombe ndi mbuzi chifukwa choopa kudzipweteka ndi izi. Madokotala ati mkaka ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya, komabe, izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala.

Kodi mkaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Tonsefe timadziwa kuyambira ndili mwana kuti zamkaka ndizofunikira pakudya koyenera kwa iwo omwe amayang'anira thanzi lawo, ndipo izi zimagwiranso ntchito pazidziwitso ngati mkaka ungatengedwe ngati matenda a shuga. Zakudya zamkaka zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga:

1. kesiin, shuga mkaka (puloteni iyi ndiyofunikira pantchito yonse ya ziwalo zamkati, makamaka zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga),
2. mchere wamchere (phosphorous, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potaziyamu),
3. mavitamini (retinol, mavitamini B),
4. kufufuza zinthu (mkuwa, zinc, bromine, fluorine, siliva, manganese).

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito?

Mkaka ndi zinthu zonse zozikidwa pamenepo ndi mtundu wa zakudya zomwe zimayenera kudyedwa mosamala ndi shuga. Katundu aliyense wamkaka ndi mbale yokonzedwa pamiyeso yake izikhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Ngati timalankhula za pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti kamodzi patsiku wodwala amatha kugula tchizi, yogati kapena kefir kamodzi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti yogati yokhala ndi filler ndi yogati imakhala ndi shuga wambiri kuposa mkaka.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pansi pa chiletso, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi mkaka watsopano, chifukwa umatha kukhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri ndikuyambitsa kulumpha kwakuthwa m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti mkaka wa nyama udagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mkaka wa Cow suchepa kuposa mkaka wa mbuzi. Zotsirizirazi ndizosiyana kuti ngakhale njira yotsalira ikadzatha, mphamvu zake za caloric zimatha kupitilira chizindikiro chapamwamba, mwachidziwikire, mkaka wa mbuzi wokhala ndi kapamba amaloledwa.

Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angaganize zotheka kumwa mkaka wa mbuzi. Dokotala wothandizira wodwalayo azidzakhazikitsa chakudya chokwanira patsiku. Ngakhale kuti malonda ake ndi onenepa kwambiri, sangakhale ndi mbiri chifukwa amatha:

1. kukhutitsa anthu ashuga ndi zinthu zofunika,
2. Sinthani magazi cholesterol,
3. kwambiri kuchuluka kukana mavairasi.

Mafuta osagundika omwe amakhala mumkaka wa mbuzi amakhala m'ndende yoyenera, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi matenda a virus.

Mitengo yamkaka

Monga tanena kale, ndi dokotala yekha amene angakhazikitse mkaka wokwanira womwe ungathe kumwa tsiku lililonse. Izi sizingodalira kokha machitidwe amunthu aliyense wamunthu, komanso pamlingo wakunyalanyaza matendawo, ndi momwe amakhalira.

Mukamamwa mkaka, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti m'magalasi amtundu uliwonse (magalamu 250) mumakhala mkate 1 (XE). Kutengera izi, odwala matenda ashuga samatha kumwa pafupifupi theka la lita (2XE) tsiku lililonse.

Lamuloli likugwiranso ntchito kwa yogati ndi kefir. Mkaka wangwiro umatha kugaya nthawi yayitali kuposa kefir kutengera.

Kodi matenda ashuga amaphunzira chiyani?

Ili ndi gawo la endocrinology yapadera mu kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kanema wokhudza matenda ashuga:

Kodi wodwala matenda ashuga amatani?

Katswiri wodziwika bwino mu matenda ashuga ndi katswiri wa matenda ashuga kapena endocrinologist-diabetesologist. Amachita nawo maphunziro a matenda opatsirana, kukonza njira zochiritsira, kusankhidwa kwamankhwala olimbitsa thupi komanso machitidwe olimbitsa thupi, ndikukonzekera malangizo pa moyo komanso njira zodzitetezera. Cholinga chachikulu cha katswiri wa matenda ashuga ndikuwunika matendawa komanso kupewa zovuta, kutanthauza kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino.

Kuonana ndi dokotala kumayamba ndi kafukufuku wa wodwala:

• kumveketsa madandaulo,
• malongosoledwe amtsogolo,
• matenda opezeka kale
• kupezeka kwa zovuta
• nthawi ya zizindikiro zoyambirira,
• nthawi ndi kuuma kwa zizindikiro
• kumveketsa bwino kwamoyo, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mphindi zopsinjika.

Pokwaniritsa ma anamnesis, adokotala amatha kukupatsani njira zodziwira matenda, mndandanda womwe umasiyana ndi zochitika zina.

Njira zikuluzikulu zodziwira matenda ndi izi:

Kanema kochokera kwa Dr. Malysheva:

Kutengera zotsatira za mayeserowa, dotolo amasankha dongosolo lofunikira la chithandizo ndikupanga dongosolo la munthu wazakudya. Amapereka malingaliro pa boma la ntchito ndikupuma, ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.

Kupitilira apo, dokotalayo amayang'anitsitsa zofunikira za thupi pakumwa, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, amasintha mankhwalawo. Kukaonana ndi odwala matenda ashuga ndikofunikira kamodzi pamwezi ngati chithandizo chikuchitika.

Pambuyo pokhazikika komanso kukonza, pafupipafupi maulamuliro amatha kuchepetsedwa. Ntchito za adotolo zimaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa wodwala momwe angadzithandizire pakavuta.

M'mizinda yayikulu, kuli masukulu apadera a odwala matenda ashuga, pomwe akatswiri ochepa kwambiri amauza ndi kuphunzitsa odwala awo zakudya zoyenera, njira yoyenera yamoyo, komanso kupatsidwa thandizo lofunikira panthawi yamavuto.

Masukulu oterowo amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga kuthana ndi mathupi ndi mikhalidwe ya matendawa, kukonza miyoyo yawo. Koma sikuti aliyense amafuna kulengeza ndi kuvomereza zomwe ali. Zikatero, akatswiri ena odwala matenda ashuga amafufuza pa intaneti. Zida zamakono zololeza wodwalayo kuti achepetse nthawi yomwe agwiritse ntchito ndikupeza malangizo ndi malangizo osafunikira popanda kusiya malo awo achitonthozo.

DM imakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu, zomwe sizimangokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri pamoyo, komanso zimatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo la kuchipatala munthawi yake - mukadali mwayi wambiri woletsa kufalikira kwa matenda.

Zamkatimu

• Buku la iwo omwe safuna kusiya
• Mbiri
• Chinsinsi 1. Sayansi ya matenda ashuga
• Chinsinsi 2. Zochitika za ku Tibet

Chigawo choyambirira cha bukulo Zinsinsi za anthu omwe alibe shuga. Moyo wabwinobwino wopanda jakisoni ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (S. G. Choyzhinimaeva, 2014) choperekedwa ndi bwenzi lathu lamabuku - kampani ya malita.

Sayansi ya matenda ashuga

Za dzina ndi tanthauzo la matenda ashuga

Mawu akuti "matenda ashuga" (lat. Diabetes mellitus) adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi sing'anga wachi Greek dzina lake Demetrios waku Apamania, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana lachiwiri. BC e. Mawuwa amachokera ku Greek Greek diabaino, kutanthauza kuti "Ndikuwoloka, ndikuwoloka, ndikudutsa." Demetrios adawona matenda ashuga ngati njira yomwe thupi limataya mphamvu kuti isunge madzi (chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga ndi polyuria, kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri).

Kulongosola koyamba kwa matenda ashuga kunaperekedwa ndi sing'anga waku Roma Areteus, kapena Areteus wa ku Kapadokiya, yemwe anamwalira pafupifupi 138 A.D. e. Adawafotokozera akuti Demetrios mu zamankhwala ndikufotokoza mtundu wa shuga wa I, momwe odwala amachepetsa kwambiri, amamwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakodza, ngati kuti madzimadzi akudutsa matupi awo mofulumira.

Areteus analemba kuti: “Matenda a shuga ndimavuto osaneneka pakati pa amuna, kusungunula thupi ndi miyendo mwamkodzo. Odwala, osaleka, amatulutsa madzi mumtsinje wopitilira, monga kudzera m'mapaipi amadzi otseguka. Moyo ndi wamfupi, wosasangalatsa komanso wopweteka, ludzu ndilosakhutira, kudya kwamadzi ndikochulukirapo ndipo sikogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwamkodzo chifukwa cha shuga wamkulu. Palibe chomwe chingawalepheretse kuthilira kwamadzi ndi mkodzo. Ngati akana kumwa madziwo kwa kanthawi kochepa, amuma pakamwa, pakhungu ndi pakhungu zimayuma, odwala amayamba kumva kuwawa, amasangalala ndipo amafa kwakanthawi kochepa. ”

Mafotokozedwe otsatirawa a shuga amaperekedwa ndi dokotala wotchuka wachiroma Galen (130-200), katswiri wodziwika bwino komanso wazachipembedzo. Anayamba ntchito yake ya udokotala ku Pergamum (Asia Little), komwe anali dokotala wazomenyera nkhondo, ndiye mu 161 adasamukira ku Roma, adadziwika kuti a Claudius Galen ndipo adatenga udindo wa dotolo wamilandu: adamuthandiza Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Vera ndi Commodus. Galen adalemba zithandizo zopitilira zana momwe adaganizira mafunso a anatomy ndi physiology, ukhondo ndi zakudya, zosiyanasiyana za matenda ndi matenda. Amakhulupilira kuti shuga imayenderana ndi matenda a impony (opuwala) ndipo amatcha matendawa "matenda amkodzo" (lat. Kutsegula urinosa - "matenda am'mimba".

Mchiritsi wamkulu waku Persia Avicenna (Abu Ali ibn Sina, 980-1037), yemwe adapanga "Canon of Medicine" mu 1024, omwe onse ku Europe adaphunzira, adanenanso kuti "matenda ashuga ndi matenda oyipa, nthawi zina amachititsa kutopa ndi kuuma. , popeza imakoka madzi ambiri mthupi ndikulepheretsa kuti ikhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera kumadzi akumwa. Cholinga chake ndi impso. ”

Chakumapeto kwa Middle Ages, dokotala wotchuka Paracelsus adalemba za matenda ashuga (1493-1541). Adakhulupirira kuti matenda ashuga ndimatenda amthupi lonselo, kuti zimachokera kuphwasulo wamchere mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa impso kukwiya ndikuwonjezera ntchito yawo.

Mu 1675, dotolo waku England, a Thomas Willis (1621-16-1675), adawonetsa kuti ndi polyuria (kuchuluka kwa mkodzo) kumatha kukhala "kokoma" kapena "kosasangalatsa". Poyambirira, adawonjezera mawu oti mellitus ku liwu la shuga (Latin shuga), lomwe m'Chilatini limatanthawuza "lokoma ngati uchi" (Latin shuga mellitus), ndipo lachiwiri - "insipidus", lomwe limatanthawuza "zopanda pake". Matenda a shuga a Insipid amatchedwa insipid - matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a impso (nephrogenicabetes insipidus) kapena nthenda ya gland (neurohypophysis) yodziwika ndi kubowoka kwa secretion kapena zochita za thupi la antidiuretic.

Dokotala wachingelezi a Matthew Dobson (1731-1784) adatsimikiza kuti kutsekemera mkodzo ndi magazi a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kumayamba chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Amwenye akale adazindikira kuti mkodzo wa odwala matenda ashuga umakopa nyerere, ndipo amatcha matendawa "matenda a mkodzo". Akanani aku Korea, China, ndi Japan amawu amodzi amachokera ku ideogram yomweyo ndikuti amatanthauzanso "matenda otentha mkodzo."

M'tsogolomo, mpaka nthawi yathu ino, dzina lakale la shuga limasungidwa kumbuyo kwa matendawa.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga

Malinga ndi lingaliro lamankhwala a Tibetan, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga chimamveka bwino ndipo chimatsutsana ndikuwunika mbali imodzi kapena kwina kwa "kutentha kwamoto kapena kofunikira" kwa thupi. Mankhwala asayansi, etiology yamatenda imeneyi siyabwino. Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti amayambitsa zifukwa zambiri, zinthu zina, pazonse, zimachokera ku metabolic syndrome. Mawonetsedwe onsewa ali pamlingo wambiri. Koma choyambitsa chachikulu cha mitundu yonse ya shuga imakhala pamlingo wazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri ndipo sizigwiritsidwapo ntchito konse.

Mkati mwa zaka za XIX, endocrinology idawonekera - sayansi ya endocrine glands, koma idapereka chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha momwe matenda ashuga alili, ndipo koposa zonse, momwe angachitire kuti munthu akhale wathanzi.

Matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati gulu la matenda omwe amakhudza momwe thupi limagwiritsira ntchito shuga. Mkuluyu ndiwofunika thanzi, chifukwa monga tawonetsera, ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndimankhwala azaku Western nchiyani? Tsoka ilo, palibe mayankho amodzi. Pali ma hypotheses osiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodalirika. Zowopsa zingapo zitha kufotokozedwa. Nthawi zambiri amati shuga imayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za majini. Chinthu chimodzi chokhazikitsidwa chokhazikika: matenda a shuga sangatengedwe ngati chimfine kapena chifuwa chachikulu.

Nthawi zambiri, shuga amayenera kulowa m'maselo mu mphamvu ya insulin - mahomoni ena apadera. Insulin imagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa fungulo lomwe limatsegula makomo a microscopic kuti glucose adutsire ku maselo. Koma ndi matenda ashuga, njirayi imasokonekera. M'malo moperekedwa ku maselo, glucose amadziunjikira m'magazi kenako amawatsitsa mkodzo. Izi zimachitika mwina chifukwa thupi silipanga insulin yokwanira (mtundu I), kapamba (yemwe mumankhwala akum'mawa amafanana ndi ndulu) samatha kubisirana insulini yofunikira, kapena chifukwa maselo samayankha moyenera insulin (mtundu II), chifukwa mahormoni a mtundu woyenera satulutsa.

Chifukwa chake, "shuga kulowetsa" paradigm anali kusiyidwa m'malo mokomera "shuga wamagazi" kwambiri. Lero ndiye chida chokhacho komanso chokhacho chodziwira ndikuwunika momwe mankhwalawo alili. Nthawi yomweyo, paradigm yamakono yokhudza matenda a shuga sikuti imangokhala chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Komanso, sizabwino kunena kuti mtundu wa "shuga wambiri" umatsiriza mbiri ya sayansi ya matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachepetsa malingaliro okhudzana ndi shuga m'madzimadzi.

Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lomwe linayambitsa matenda a shuga linali kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mbali inayo, ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, mbali inayo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono linayamba kugwira.

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri.Kubwera kwa luso lotha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa glucose osati mkodzo, komanso seramu yamagazi, zidapezeka kuti mwa odwala ambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi poyamba sikutanthauza kuti mkodzo ungadziwike. Kuwonjezeka kwina kwa glucose m'magazi kumapitirira kuchuluka kwa impso (pafupifupi 10 mmol / l) - glucosuria imayamba: shuga imapezekanso mkodzo.

Kafotokozedwe ka zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga kuyenera kusinthidwanso, popeza kunapezeka kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga posungidwa ndi impso sinawonongeke, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe "shuga kulowa" monga choncho.

Nthawi yomweyo, malongosoledwe apitawa "adayandikira" mkhalidwe wina watsopano wamatenda, omwe amatchedwa "matenda a impso": kutsitsa njira yolowera impso ya magazi (kuzindikira shuga mumkodzo m'magazi abwinobwino a shuga). Chifukwa chake, monga momwe amachitira odwala matenda ashuga, kuphatikizanso kwakale kunakhala koyenera kutengera mkhalidwe wina wodwala.

Kuperewera kwa insulin. Zambiri zomwe zapezedwa zapangitsa kuti pakhale paradigm yatsopano ya zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga monga insulin. Mu 1889, Joseph von Mehring ndi Oscar Minkowski adawonetsa kuti atachotsa kapamba, galu amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Ndipo mu 1910, a Sir Edward Albert Shar Pei-Schaefer adanenanso kuti matenda ashuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mankhwala omwe amabisidwa ndi zisumbu za Langerhans mu kapamba. Adatcha insulin iyi, kuchokera ku Latin insula - "chilumba". Ntchito ya pancreatic endocrine komanso gawo la insulin pakukula kwa matenda ashuga zidatsimikiziridwa mu 1921 ndi Frederick Bunting ndi Charles Herbert Best. Anabwereza kuyesa kwa a Me Mehring ndi Minkowski, kuwonetsa kuti zisonyezo za matenda ashuga agalu omwe ali ndi kapamba ochotsedweratu zimatha kuthetsedwa pokhazikitsa ziphuphu za a Langerhans otengedwa agalu athanzi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, insulin idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu mu 1922. Bunting, Best ndi ogwira nawo ntchito (makamaka wopanga mankhwala Collip) adayeretsa insulini yotalikirana ndi kapamba wama ng'ombe ndikudziwitsa anthu omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu mwakufuna kwawo. Kuyesedwa kunachitika ku Yunivesite ya Toronto, nyama zogulira ntchito ndi zida zoyeserera zinaperekedwa ndi a John Macleod. Chifukwa cha zomwe apezazi, asayansi mu 1923 adalandira Mphoto ya Nobel mu zamankhwala. Izi zinalimbikitsa kuti apange insulin komanso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.

Komabe, atangopanga njira yoyeza kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, zidapezeka kuti mwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa sikunangochepetsedwa, komanso kunawonjezeka kwambiri.

Mu 1936, a Sir Harold Percival Himsworth adasindikiza buku lomwe ine ndi mtundu II wa matenda ashuga woyamba adadziwika ngati matenda osiyana. Izi zinasinthanso lingaliro la matenda ashuga, ndikugawa m'magulu awiri - ndikusowa kwathunthu kwa insulini (mtundu I) ndi kuchepa kwa insulin (mtundu II). Zotsatira zake, "shuga" yoyambirira idasandulika kukhala matenda omwe amayamba ndi matenda osachepera awiri.

Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi asayansi, matenda ashuga ali ndi zifukwa zingapo. Nthawi zina, vuto lina la mahomoni limayambitsa matenda ashuga, nthawi zina amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapamba omwe amachitika atatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena chifukwa chomwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga amatha kuonongeka ndi ma virus m'maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Poyankha, chitetezo cha m'thupi chimapanga ma antibodies omwe amatchedwa antibodies a insular.

Koma ngakhale zifukwa izi zomwe zimafotokozedwa bwino sikuti ndizopanda tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, 20% iliyonse yakulemera mopitirira muyeso imachulukitsa matenda a shuga. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumathandizanso kuti shuga azithamanga. Nthawi yomweyo, sikuti aliyense amene ali wonenepa kwambiri, ngakhale amene ali wolemera kwambiri, akudwala matenda a shuga.

Komabe, ngakhale atapita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya matenda ashuga m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kupezeka kwa matendawa kumadalirabe pakuphunzira magawo a carbohydrate metabolism: kutsimikiza kwa shuga ndi magazi.

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha matenda ashuga sichikhala chinsinsi.

Nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani "zoyambitsa" zomwe zingayambitse matenda a shuga. Shuga komanso kukonda maswiti sikofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo. Kuphatikizidwa kwazinthu zingapo zowonjezera kumapangitsa mwayi wa matenda ashuga: kwa wodwala onenepa, yemwe nthawi zambiri akudwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi, kuthekera kotereku nkofanana ndi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo. Chifukwa chake onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kukhala atcheru. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipira mkhalidwe wanu kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amapezeka munthawi imeneyi. Vutoli limasokonekera chifukwa chakuti munthawi imeneyi kuwonongeka kulikonse kungakhale kolakwika chifukwa cha kachilombo komwe kali.

Zochitika Zogwirizana ndi Matenda A shuga

1. Khalidwe. Mwayi wopezeka ndi matenda amtundu wa I kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndiwodziwikiratu kwa iwo omwe makolo awo kapena achibale awo adwala kale akudwala.

Mapeto ake ndiwonekeratu: ngakhale kuti madokotala sangagwirizane pamanambala, chiyembekezo chobadwa nacho chilipo.

Akatswiri onse amati cholowa chimapezeka. Kuchulukitsa kwa odwala kumadalira kuyandikira kwa abale. Ngati m'modzi wa makolo, mlongo kapena mchimwene wake akudwala kapena akudwala matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti wachibale wawo angadwale matenda. Kuthekera kwa ana omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kumafikira 98% ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda ashuga, okhala ndi mtundu I - mpaka 70%.

Asayansi ena, komabe, amati mwayi wokhala ndi matenda uzikhala 30 mpaka 60%, motero, pankhani yodwala makolo, ngakhale atakhala ndi matenda ati a shuga.

2. Kunenepa kwambiri. Chinthu chachiwiri cha matenda ashuga. Koma pankhaniyi, munthu amatha kuwongolera izi: ngati akuopa matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti amasinthira moyo wathanzi, amawongolera menyu ake ndi kulemera kwake.

Kunenepa kwambiri ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri la matenda ashuga. Odwala asanu ndi atatu mwa odwala matenda a shuga a mtundu II ndi onenepa kwambiri.

Ambiri, mwachiwonekere akuyang'ana pa dzina la matendawa, amakhulupirira kuti chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndichakudya, kuti amadwala ndi mano otsekemera, omwe amaika supuni zisanu za tiyi mu tiyi ndikuwaphika ndi maswiti ndi makeke. Pali chowonadi china pamenepa, pokhapokha ngati munthu amene ali ndi zizolowezi zotere amadya kwambiri. Ndipo chakuti kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda ashuga kwatsimikiziridwa kuti ndikulondola. Tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda a shuga akuchulukirachulukira, nkoyenera kuti kumatanthauza "matenda achitukuko."

Mafuta akachuluka, maselo a thupi amalimbana kwambiri ndi insulin. M'malo mwake, kulumikizana pakati pa kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga kumatha kufotokozedwa mu resistin, mahomoni omwe amapezeka m'misempha omwe amachititsa maselo kukana insulin. Ndipo izi sizitengera kuti munthu amalemera zochuluka motani, koma momwe kulemera kwake kumagawidwira. Mafuta, olimbitsa thupi kumtunda, kuzungulira m'mimba, amaika munthu pachiwopsezo.

Minofu yocheperako yomwe munthu amakhala nayo, shuga wambiri amakhalabe m'magazi ake.

3. Kukhala moyo wongokhala. Mukakhala kuti mulibe zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Palibe choti chichitike. Maphunziro akuthupi amathandizira kuti thupi lizikhala lolemera, limatha kudya glucose, limapangitsa kuti maselo azikhudzana kwambiri ndi insulin, zimawonjezera kutuluka kwa magazi komanso zimayenda bwino m'magazi ang'onoang'ono. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kumanga minofu. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa glucose ambiri amalowetsedwa m'matumbo.

4. Zaka. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtundu II chikuwonjezereka ndi zaka - makamaka pambuyo pa zaka 45. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa pakapita nthawi, anthu amasuntha pang'ono, amachepetsa minofu, ndikupanga mafuta.

Shuga, zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi zimafunikira chidwi chochulukirapo. Koma ochulukirachulukira achinyamata amadwala - onse makumi atatu ndi makumi anayi.

5. Mpikisano. Matenda a shuga amapezeka pafupifupi 6% ya anthu padziko lapansi. Pazifukwa zomwe sizinafotokozedwe, anthu amtundu wina ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa ena.

Theka la akulu onse aku Arizona Native American ali ndi matenda ashuga II, omwe ali okwera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ku Venezuela - 4%, ndipo chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha odwala omwe adalembetsa chinawonedwa ku Chile, chinali 1.8%.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, matenda a shuga a mtunduwu ndiofala kwambiri pakati pa azungu ku America komanso okhala m'maiko aku Europe, monga Finland ndi Sweden. Ku United States, kuchuluka kwa milandu kunali 10%.

Pakati pa mtundu wa Mongoloid, mtundu II wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri, kotero mwa anthu amtundu wa Mongoloid 20% ya anthu opitilira 40 akudwala matenda amtundu II. Kukhala mu mpikisano wa a Mongoloid kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda a mtima, koma kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ammiyendo ya matenda ashuga. Malinga ndi deta ya 2000, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa odwala kunawonedwa ku Hong Kong, iwo anali 12% ya anthu.

Mwa anthu amtundu wakuda kuposa zaka 40, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 17%. Mwa zovuta izi, nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi matenda oopsa, osachiritsika omwe amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso makamaka chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.

6. Matenda a kapamba (ndulu) - Choyambitsa chachisanu ndi chimodzi chachikulu kwambiri cha matenda ashuga. Gawo limodzi mpaka magawo awiri a matenda onse a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha matenda kapena mankhwala omwe amasokoneza zochitika za insulin. Uku ndikutupa kapena kuchotsedwa kwa kapamba (ndulu), matenda am'mimba a adrenal, vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, matenda ndikugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali corticosteroids.

Izi zimaphatikizanso matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi - fuluwenza, rubella, miliri ya hepatitis, nkhuku. Amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga komanso chibadwire.

Khansa ya kapamba, kapamba, matenda am'minyewa ya endocrine - awa ndi matenda omwe ma cell a beta amakhudzidwa. Kuvulaza ndulu kungayambitsenso matenda a shuga, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

7. Kupsinjika. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndizosiyana, koma nkhawa m'masiku ano ndizimodzi mwazinthu zosasangalatsa zomwe zimagwera munthu mosavutikira.

Kuthana ndi nkhawa komanso mantha kwakanthawi kuyenera kupewedwa, makamaka ngati kunenepa kwambiri komanso chifukwa chobadwa nawo.

8. Kusuta. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wambiri adasindikizidwa pazotsatira za kusuta pakupanga ndi kupitilira kwa shuga. Mwachidule, zotsatira zawo ndi izi:

● Kusuta amayi mukamakhala ndi pakati kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwana,

● Kusuta kwa munthu yemwe mwiniyo kumakulitsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a II,

● kusuta kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga a mitundu I ndi mtundu II, kumawonjezera zovuta komanso chiopsezo cha kufa,

● kusiya kusuta ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera chiopsezo cha matenda omwewa komanso mavuto ake.

Chifukwa chake, kusuta kumakulitsa matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse ndikukulitsa zovuta zingapo zoyambitsidwa ndi matendawa.

Kusuta ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga matenda osiyanasiyana amtima. Imfa yodwala matenda a mtima chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndiwokwera katatu kuposa osuta. Matenda a mtima ndi omwe akutsogolera imfa pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kusuta kumathandizanso kutenga vuto la mtima.

Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, shuga yamagazi imasungidwa nthawi zonse pamlingo, ndipo mkodzo mulibe. Mu plasma, shuga a 0,1%. Mulingo wina wa shuga wamagazi umathandizidwa ndi chiwindi. Ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, kuchuluka kwake kumayikidwa m'chiwindi. Mluza umalowanso m'magaziwo ukakhala wosakwanira. Mu chiwindi, shuga amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a glycogen.

Homoni wa pancreatic, insulin, ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakukhazikitsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Ndi puloteni wopangidwa mu (maselo atatu a is is of Langerhans (kuchuluka kwa maselo amtundu wa endocrine m'matumba a pancreatic) ndipo adapangidwa kuti apangitse kukonzanso kwa glucose ndi maselo. Pafupifupi minofu yonse ndi ziwalo (mwachitsanzo, chiwindi, minofu, minyewa ya adipose) zimatha kukonza shuga pokhapokha insulin

Mlingo wamagazi pafupifupi sukusintha pomwe wowuma adwedwa: wowuma amamwetsedwa ndi gawo logaya chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo monosaccharides opangidwa munjira iyi amalowetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Munthu akadya shuga wambiri (150-200 g) shuga nthawi zonse nthawi imodzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa hyperglycemia kapena chakudya. Shuga wowonjezera amamuchotsa impso, ndipo glucose amawonekera mkodzo. Impso zimayamba kupaka shuga pamene magazi a glucose afika 0,15-0.18%. Hypentlycemia yodziwika bwino imadutsa mwachangu popanda zothetsa thupi.

Mwazi wamagazi umawonetsedwa m'mililita imodzi mwa magazi (mmol / L) kapena ma milligrams pa desilita imodzi ya magazi (mg / dl, kapena mg%).

Kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi (hyperglycemia) kumatha kuwonetsa onse hypoglycemia, chifukwa cha maswiti ochulukirapo, komanso shuga.

Mwa anthu athanzi, kuthamanga shuga ndimagazi pafupifupi 5 mmol / L (90 mg%). Mukangodya, zimakwera mpaka 7 mmol / L (125 mg%). Pansi pa 3.5 mmol / L (63 mg%) mwa anthu athanzi ndizosowa kwambiri. Chizolowezi cha shuga chamagazi kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndiwofalikira - koma moyenera, ndikofunikira kuyesetsa kwa 3.3-7.8 mmol / L.

Kuti mupeze matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kudya kwa shuga m'magazi (chakudya chomaliza cha maola osachepera 8) oposa 7.0 mmol / L, shuga imatha kuyankhulidwa kawiri pamasiku osiyanasiyana. Pamene magazi othamanga a shuga amakhala ochepera 7.0 mmol / L, koma oposa 5.6 mmol / L, kuyesa kwa glucose ndikofunikira kutifotokozere bwino za kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Pambuyo podziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (kusala kudya kwa pafupifupi maola 10), nkhaniyo imayenera kutenga magalamu 75 a shuga. Miyeso yotsatira ya magazi amatengedwa pambuyo pa maola awiri. Ngati glucose wamagazi akuposa 11.1 mmol / l, titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati shuga wamagazi ndi ochepera 11.1 mmol / l, koma oposa 7.8 mmol / l - akuwonetsa kuphwanya kulekerera kwa chakudya chamafuta. Pamitengo yotsika, mayesowo amayenera kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa miyezi 3-6.

Shuga wochepa, kapena hypoglycemia, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga.

Mwazi wa magazi umatsikira m'munsi moyenerera kwa thupi. Cholinga cha izi ndi kudya mosakonzekera, kumwa kwambiri mankhwala a insulin kapena mankhwala ena, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Hypoglycemia mwa odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi vuto laimpso, komanso chifukwa choonda kwambiri. Wodwala matenda ashuga aliyense amayenera kuwunika momwe thupi lake liliri ndipo nthawi zonse khalani ndi glucometer - chida choyeza shuga.

Zolemba zamitundu ya matenda ashuga

Mukadwala matendawa, zizindikiro zake sizinasinthe.Onse m'nthawi zakale komanso matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu, adapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lakunja monga kuchepa mphamvu ndi chikhumbo, kuyanika mkamwa, ludzu losatha, kukodza pafupipafupi komanso moperewera, kukoma kwamkodzo kwamkodzo komanso kuwonda.

Monga tanena kale, matenda ashuga ndi a systemic endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin kapena kuchuluka kwake, zomwe zimayambitsa milandu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ndikuphwanya chakudya, mafuta ndi metabolism. Mothandizidwa ndi matenda ashuga, pali matenda awiri osiyana mu etiopathogenesis, pomwe ziwalo ziwiri zosiyanasiyana (ndulu-kapamba ndi chiwindi) zimakhudzidwa, koma pamapeto pake mawonetseredwe azachipatala amakhala ofanana.

Njira yamatendawa imasiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Madigiri atatu a shuga mellitus amadziwika mwakuthupi kwamatendawa: I - wofatsa, II - wolimbitsa komanso III digiri - yayikulu.

Kuphatikiza pa Type I ndi Type II matenda ashuga, omwe tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane, pali mtundu wina wamatenda: gestational kishuga. Amakula nthawi yoyembekezera - nthawi zambiri yachiwiri kapena yachitatu. Tsoka ilo, kuyambira 2% mpaka 5% azimayi oyembekezera amapeza. Izi zimachitika mahomoni opangidwa ndi placenta sapeza chilankhulo wamba ndi insulin. Matendawa amasowa mwana akangobadwa kumene. Koma theka la azimayi omwe anali ndi matenda ashuga pakatikati pake adadwala matenda a shuga a mtundu II. Nthawi zina, matenda ashuga a I amatha kupezekanso nthawi yapakati.

Kukonzanso komaliza kwa gulu la matenda ashuga kunapangidwa ndi American Diabetes Association mu Januware 2010. Kuyambira chaka cha 1999, malinga ndi gulu lomwe lavomerezedwa ndi World Health Organisation (WHO), mtundu wa matenda ashuga, mtundu II matenda ochititsa chidwi, matenda oopsa a shuga ndi mitundu ina yapadera. Mawu akuti latent autoimmune shuga mwa akulu (LADA, "matenda a shuga a 1.5") ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa amakhalanso osiyana.

Mtundu wa shuga wodalira insulin I (mtundu wa matenda obadwa nawo)

Matendawa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupanga kosakwanira kwa insulin ndi ma β-cell a kapamba (islets of Langerhans). Kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin m'thupi kumakula, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakweza (hyperglycemia), komwe kumafunikira mankhwala othandizira.

Mtunduwu wa shuga umatchedwa ubwana, mwana (shuga wa achichepere), chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakula ubwana kapena unyamata, umayamba ndendende ndi mawonekedwe a zizindikiro zotchulidwa. Ndi vuto losasinthika la kapamba, matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala osavomerezeka. Kukula kwake kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri ndipo popanda chithandizo choyenera kumabweretsa imfa.

Type I shuga mellitus amapezeka 5-10% ya onse odwala matenda. Amuna ndi akazi omwe amawonekera poyera m'maiko onse apadziko lapansi.

Kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba

Matendawa amatha kuyamba chifukwa cha mantha kwambiri. Vuto lakuthwa lamanjenje limachepetsa ntchito za kapamba ndi kapangidwe kake ka maselo a insulin (malinga ndi dongosolo la zamankhwala la ku Tibet, ana a Mphepo ya Wind nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Fuluwenza kapena kachilombo kena kali kakang'ono komwe kali ndi matenda osakwanira kungavulitse kapamba. (Maselo atatu amafa mothandizidwa ndi vuto la autoimmune (chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chimayimitsa zikondamoyo, ndikuwononga ma cell omwe amatulutsa insulin.) Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chimalimbana ndi ma virus, mabakiteriya ndi zina zovulaza. Kafukufuku sanayankhe funso lomwe limapangitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chikugwire kapamba, koma anthu amaganiza kuti majini, ma virus ndi zakudya zina atha kutenga nawo gawo pa izi.

Buku la etiology ya mtundu wa I malinga ndi mankhwala a ku Tibet idzafotokozedwa m'mitu yotsatirayi.

Ngakhale matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba sangawonekere kwa zaka zambiri, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pakatha masabata kapena miyezi yambiri yamatenda.

Matenda amtunduwu amatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiritso: malaise, kutopa, kufooka, kuchepa, kuyamwa, kuchepa mphamvu, kapena, kutinso, kuchuluka kwambiri, kuchepa thupi, kuyamwa kwambiri (kukodza kawirikawiri), kusawona bwino, kuchepa mphamvu, kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono, kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala, kukoma kokoma kwa mkodzo komanso kusakhutitsidwa ndi ludzu, kuyuma mkamwa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kukomoka (kutaya chikumbumtima).

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa I amakhala ndi thanzi labwinobwino kapenanso kuchepetsa thupi. Munthu amatha kudya zochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse, komabe amachepetsa thupi: popeza maselo samalandira shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti minofu ya minofu ilibe glucose yokwanira kuti ikule.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikuyesa glucose wamagazi anu panthawi zosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Anthu amafunikira kuti azilowetsa m'mabukuwa chifukwa cha kutsimikiza mtima kwa shuga. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amapita kwa dokotala kangapo pachaka, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasintha kangapo patsiku. Dontho limodzi lamwazi ndilokwanira kuyeza shuga. Pali zingwe zapadera zodziwira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndi zida zapadera - glucometer. Mwazi wa magazi uyenera kuyesedwa: tsiku lililonse musanagone, musanadye komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, masiku 10 aliwonse, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga la magazi kwa tsiku lathunthu (4-7 pa tsiku).

Ndi chiphuphu chosavomerezeka cha matenda ashuga, matupi ochulukitsa a ketone (kuphatikiza acetone) amatha kupanga mwa munthu, zomwe zingayambitse vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga - ketoacidosis. Acetone ndi matupi ena a ketone amapangidwa pamene thupi liyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kuti "lidyetse" maselo omwe akumva njala. Ngakhale kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ketoacidosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi kapena mkodzo, umakwezedwa.

Muzochitika zokayikitsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kapena matayeti apadera kuti muwone ngati pali acetone mu mkodzo kapena ayi. Amasinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone pamtunda wambiri, kutsekula m'mimba, kapena pambuyo pa matenda ndi kupsinjika.

Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi njira yofufuzira ya WHO yomwe idavomerezedwa mu 1999, kuzindikira mtundu wa matenda a shuga I kumakhazikitsidwa ndi magawo otsatirawa:

Chipatala (chitukuko cha matenda)

Kuzungulira kwa shuga wamagazi kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a hyperglycemic ketoacidosis. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa hypoglycemia, limodzi ndi kumva njala, thukuta lalikulu, kukhumudwa ndi kusokonezeka. Pambuyo pake, kukomoka kumatha kuchitika, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe sikungasinthe.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri, makamaka mtundu uwu, amaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zazing'onozing'ono komanso zazikulu, dongosolo lamanjenje. Izi zimaphatikizapo retinopathy, nephropathy, matenda amtima komanso kuperewera kwamitsempha.

Mankhwala aku Western, matenda a shuga samachiritsidwa, koma amalipiridwa. Wodwalayo amaphunzitsidwa, ngati kuli kotheka, kuwonjezera shuga wamagazi (mwachitsanzo, kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu) kapena kuchepetsa (jekeseni insulin).

Chithandizo cha insulin. Hormon iyi imatha kuperekedwa ndi jakisoni, chifukwa ikamamwa pakamwa, imawonongeka mwachangu m'mimba. Jakisoni wa insulin amathandizira kuti maselo amthupi atenge shuga kuchokera m'magazi. Ngakhale insulini, yoyendetsedwa mosadukiza, siyili yosiyana ndi insulini yopangidwa ndi zikondamoyo za anthu athanzi, komabe sizivuta kuwongolera bwino shuga ndi magazi. Mwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga, kapamba “amamva” kukwera kwa glucose wamagazi atadya ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa insulin m'magazi. Ndipo insulin yovulaza imalowetsa m'magazi mosasamala kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe ali mmenemo. Pofuna kupewa onse a hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuphunzira kusintha ndi nthawi ya makulidwe a insulin.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala a insulin omwe othandizira azaumoyo amakonda kukambirana. Nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza jakisoni wambiri wa insulin amafunikira. Kuphatikiza pa syringes wamba, pali mitundu ingapo ya zolembera, yomwe imakhala yosavuta komanso yosavuta kupereka mankhwala.

Mitundu ya insulin. Insulin ikhoza kukhala yaifupi, yayitali komanso yayitali. Monga lamulo, tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano - analogue yomwe idapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka insulin ya anthu. Amakhulupirira kuti analogue ya insulin ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa imagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso yifupi kuposa kukonzekera kwa insulin.

Ultrashort insulin. Mafuta a insulini amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 10-20 pambuyo pa jekeseni, kotero mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa nthawi isanayambe kapena itangotha. Mankhwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin.

Mwachidule kuchita insulin. Ndi insulin yowonekera bwino pomwe imayamba msanga komanso nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu. Insulin yotere, kulowa m'magazi, imayamba kutsitsa shuga m'mphindi pafupifupi 30 pambuyo pa jekeseni. Koma chifukwa zakudya zimatengedwa kuchokera m'matumbo ngakhale mwachangu, insulini yamtunduwu imayenera kuperekedwa kwa mphindi 30 asanadye.

Kutalika kwapakati insulin. Insulin yotere imapezeka chifukwa chowonjezera zinthu zomwe zimachedwetsa kuyamwa kwake m'magazi. Makristalo amapangidwira kukonzekera kotero, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kuwonekere kwamtambo. Musanagwiritse ntchito insulin yomwe ili pakati, onetsetsani kuti makhiristo a insulin amagawanidwanso mumadzi. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amtunduwu amayamba kuchita pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka atatha kukhazikitsa. Kwambiri insulin yomwe ili ndi nthawi yayitali yochita zinthu imawonedwa m'magazi pakati pa 4 ndi 12 pambuyo pa jekeseni, ndipo patatha pafupifupi maola 24, insulin imasiya kuchita kwathunthu. Mitundu yonse ya insuliniyi imalowetsedwa pansi pakhungu kapena intramuscularly pogwiritsa ntchito zolembera, ndipo singano imayikidwa pakona pa 45 °. Malinga ndi malangizo osungira insulin, mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana iyenera kusungidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa, mufiriji, m'malo ozizira kwambiri m'chipindacho.

Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali. Chizindikiro cha insulin ya anthu yomwe imapangidwanso ndi kubwereza kwa mabakiteriya amtundu wa Escherichia coli (tizilombo ta R12). Mankhwalawa amasiyana ndi ambulensi amkati mwa kukhalapo kwa mabungwe ena awiri a arginine mu B-chain (omwe amatsimikizira solubility m'malo acidic) ndi m'malo a glycine ndi katsitsumzukwa mu gulu la molekyulu. Hypoglycemic zinthu, hypoglycemic precoma ndi chikomokere, Hyperemia ndi kuyabwa pamalo jakisoni wa mankhwalawa, kawirikawiri thupi siligwirizana. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali - lipodystrophy (mafuta oyaka).

Mlingo wa insulin yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali iyenera kusinthidwa pakusintha chikhalidwe ndi zakudya, pakulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, panthawi ya matenda opatsirana, kutenga pakati, kusowa kwa chithokomiro, matenda a Addison, hypopituitism, kulephera kwa aimpso, matenda a shuga. Kusintha kwa kulemera kwa wodwala kapena moyo wake kapena mawonekedwe ena omwe angapangitse hypo- ndi hyperglycemia.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso, kufunika kwa insulini kumatha kuchepa, chifukwa samachotsedwa. Mwa odwala okalamba, kuwonongeka kwa pang'onopang'ono mu ntchito ya impso kungayambitse kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa zofunikira za insulin.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la kuchepa kwa hepatic, kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya gluconeogeneis ndi biotransfform ya insulin.

Momwe mungakhazikitsire kupanga kwa mahomoni amkati sikudziwika. Kupatula apo, munthu samwalira chifukwa magazi ake ndi "okoma". Zakudya za shuga zambiri zimayambitsa kupanikizika kwamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imayamba kuchepa. Pali kuphwanya kwa microcirculation, komwe, kupita patsogolo, kungayambitse vuto la impso ndi chiwindi, kutsekeka, kuperewera, zovuta zina monga khungu ndi vuto la malekezero.

Ngakhale kuti kayendetsedwe ka insulin, kumene, amathandizira thupi, izi ndizosakhalitsa komanso zosadalirika. Kupatula apo, wodwalayo amapatsidwa insulin yochita kupanga, ndipo mahomoni achilendo satenga mizu ndikuwononga thupi.

Mankhwala am`kamwa, kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pamodzi ndi insulin, odwala matenda amtundu wa I amalembedwa mapiritsi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino.

Type II matenda a shuga (otengedwa)

Matenda a shuga a Type II (osadalira insulini) - Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amakhudza anthu akakula kapena okalamba. Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, amatchedwa anapeza. Ngati matenda a shuga a Type I ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, ndiye, mwatsoka, matenda a shuga a II ndi amodzi mwazovuta zambiri. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakhudza anthu 90-95% odwala zaka zopitilira 20, azimayi ndi omwe amavutika kwambiri ndi izi, ndipo amapezeka makamaka m'maiko olemera, makamaka ku USA, Germany, France, Sweden, Australia ndi ena. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri m'maiko ngati Russia ndi Ukraine.

Type IIabetes mellitus ndikuphwanya njira ya kulumikizana kwa insulin ndi maselo a thupi, chifukwa cha zomwe glucose imadziunjikira m'magazi ambiri (hyperglycemia), ndipo maselo amthupi (kupatula ziwalo zosafunikira insulin) amataya mphamvu zawo zazikulu. Izi zimachitika pamene thupi silikuwona yake yake insulin, limaletsa. Ngakhale kapamba amapanga insulini, sikokwanira kukhalanso ndi shuga. Matendawa amatengera kuchepa kwa insulin kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi labwino komanso anthu onenepa kwambiri.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin nthawi zambiri umayamba kupezeka mwa anthu atatha zaka 40 ndipo nthawi zambiri umalumikizidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwambiri, zomwe zimatanthawuza mafuta, ntchofu ndi madzimadzi m'thupi. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga onenepa kwambiri mu ukalamba. Pambuyo pozindikira, ndipo osatinso matenda oyipa monga chimfine kapena matillillitis, matendawa amatha kulowa kapamba, zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo mu ntchito ya maselo opanga insulin, kenako ndikulakwitsa kwa iwo.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ndiwotsimikizika makamaka chifukwa pakadali pano sizimapezeka mwanjira iliyonse. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikungavutitse munthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo kenako zizindikiro zimawoneka mwadzidzidzi - osati matenda, koma zovuta zake. Munthu amayamba kuwona zoipitsitsa - zomwe zimatchedwa diabetesic retinopathy zimayamba. Zida za retina zimawonongeka, zotupa zimachitika, ndipo m'malo otsogola, anthu amayamba kuwona. Shuga owonjezera amathandizira kufalikira kwa cholesterol plaque m'makoma amitsempha, matenda a mtima amayamba, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima ndi atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamiyendo imachulukirachulukira.

Cholinga china cha matenda a "shuga" ndi impso. Mitsempha yawo yaying'ono kwambiri, yotchedwa glomeruli, yomwe imasefa magazi kuchokera pazinthu zovulaza, yawonongeka.Kuthekera koyeretsa kumachepa kufikira kukulira kwa kulephera kwa impso, thupi limadyetsedwa ndi poizoni - ketonic ndi acetone acids, zomwe pamapeto pake zimatha kubweretsa kukomoka kapena ngakhale kufa.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga A Type II

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ma-β-cell amatha kupanga insulini mwachizolowezi, ndiye kuti, mokwanira komanso mochuluka kuposa momwe amafunikira thupi. Ndi m'badwo, kapangidwe ka kukula kwa mahomoni a pituitary gland, omwe pamlingo wina wotsutsana ndi insulin, amachepetsa mwa anthu. Izi zimabweretsa kuphwanya kuchuluka pakati pa minofu ndi mafuta minofu (m'malo mwa omaliza). Hyperinsulinemia mosalephera imayambitsa mafuta a hepatosis komanso kusokoneza mphamvu ya maselo a chiwindi kulandira insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa azimayi, kapangidwe ka estrogens, kamene kamawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo amafuta, kumawonjezera ndi zaka, ndipo atatha kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, kuphatikiza kwa kukula kwa mahomoni kumatsika kwambiri, komwe kumatsogolera ku hyperinsulinemia.

Komanso, ndi ukalamba, kapamba amachepa, ndipo mwa odwala cholecystitis imadziwikanso, ndipo insulini yopanda phindu imapangidwa. Siziwononga glucose moyenerera, ndipo munthu amakula ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndizovomerezeka kuti pituitary gland, adrenal gland ndi kapamba ndizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kubisa zinsinsi zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakubaya kwa ma starches ndi shuga. Komabe, kwenikweni, matendawa ndi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso momwe amakhalira, zimachitika pambuyo pophwanya magwiridwe anthawi zonse a thupi lonse la thupi, kuphatikizira chiwindi, gland ya adrenal ndi ziwalo zina zofunika.

Timanena zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga amtunduwu kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwa zaka zambiri, chisangalalo cha mitsempha chifukwa cha mitundu yonse ya kuchuluka, kudzimbidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kulandira mankhwala ambiri chifukwa cha matenda am'mbuyomu. Matendawa, ali ndi mlandu wodya kwambiri osati zakudya zokhazokha ndi shuga, komanso zakudya zama protein ndi mafuta. Mu mutu "Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ku Tibetan" tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane nkhaniyi.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi ofanana ndi a mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga: kukanika kwa impso ndi chiwindi, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda am'mimba, ludzu komanso matenda ashuga, khungu, koma kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachulukira makamaka kwa odwala. Matenda a shuga a Type II amawonetsedwanso ndi ludzu lowonjezereka komanso kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri.

Pankhaniyi, monga tanena kale, matenda a shuga a II amatha kukhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Anthu ambiri amadwala kwa zaka zingapo asanapezeke ndi matenda a shuga II. Zizindikiro zambiri za matenda ashuga omwe ayenera kukhala atcheru ndi ofanana ndi matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ndizofanana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine. Matenda a shuga nthawi zina amakhala ngati ali ndi kachilombo komwe kali ndi kutopa, kufooka, komanso kusamva chidwi. Shuga ndiye mafuta ofunikira amthupi, ndipo pamene salowa m'maselo, munthu amatha kutopa komanso kufooka.

Kuchepetsa kapena kunenepa kwambiri kungasonyezenso chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Thupi likuyesera kulipirira kutayika kwa madzimadzi ndi shuga, chifukwa chake, munthu amadya kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kupenya mosavomerezeka kumadziwika. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumafikira madzimadzi kuchokera m'thupi lathu - kuphatikiza mandala amaso. Izi zimachepetsa kuyang'ana. Ngati matenda ashuga achiritsidwa ndipo shuga m'magazi atachepa, kuwona kuyenera kuyenda bwino. Pazaka zambiri, matenda ashuga amatha kuwononga ziwiya zazing'ono za maso. Kwa anthu ena, izi zimangoyambitsa kuwonongeka pang'ono, koma kwa ena zimatha kuyambitsa khungu.

Odwala amachiritsa zilonda pang'onopang'ono kapena matenda omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi. Matenda a shuga amawononga mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi matenda ndikumawachiza (matenda amtundu wa kubereka komanso chikhodzodzo ndi owopsa).

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (neuropathy) kumawonedwanso. Shuga wowonjezera amatha kuwononga mitsempha yaying'ono yamitsempha, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kulumikizidwa komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu m'mikono makamaka miyendo, wodwalayo amatha kupweteka kwambiri m'manja, m'miyendo, kumapazi ndi m'manja.

Oposa theka la amuna azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi kupitilira amatha kumva kutha kwa ntchito zogonana chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kukonzekera, komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kumamatirana pamodzi kuchokera ku shuga wambiri.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimakhala ndi mano, kutupa, komanso mano. Matenda a shuga amawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda m'matumbo ndi m'mafupa omwe amaletsa mano anu. Mano amatha kupindika, zilonda zam'mimba komanso ma purulent sacs amatha kupanga: izi ndi chizindikiro cha periodontitis ndi periodontosis, omwe madokotala a mano sangathe kupirira nawo. Timalimbikitsanso kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe amakhudza thupi la munthu pang'onopang'ono.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumayendera limodzi ndi hypoglycemia (pakakhala zovuta kuti shuga akhale bwinobwino, itha kuwonjezera kapena kuchepa). Izi zimakwiyitsa minyewa yaying'ono mwa odwala. Matenda a m'maganizo amathanso kuchitika. Matenda a psychosis okhala ndi nkhawa kapena osakhala ndi nkhawa amakhala matenda omwe amadziwika kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu II matenda a shuga.

Zowonetsera zazikulu zamatenda zimaphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri. Mu 85% ya milandu, matenda a shuga amatsogozedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi ndi 20-30% yazaka zonse. Monga lamulo, kuyezetsa magazi kwa biochemical kumawonetsa kuchuluka pang'ono kwa shuga. Izi zisanachitike, kwa zaka zingapo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kukhala kotsika kwazonse (shuga amapita mwachindunji mu depot yamafuta mothandizidwa ndi insulin yowonjezera). Odwala nthawi zambiri amakumbukira kuti zaka zingapo asadatulukire matendawa amamva kufooka, kutopa komanso ngakhale kupsinjika. Ambiri a iwo amapanga nthawi yomweyo atherosulinosis (insulin imawonjezera kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol ndi triglycerides) ndi matenda oopsa (insulin imayambitsa kusungunuka kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa zotumphukira zamitsempha.

Ndi chithandizo chosayenera pamapeto omaliza, mawonetseredwe azachipatala a mtundu I ndi mtundu II wa shuga ali ofanana.

Ndi matenda a shuga amtunduwu, kuphatikiza pa njira yothandizira odwala, timalimbikitsidwa kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi zina, monga matenda amtundu wa I amawa, jakisoni wokhazikika wokhazikika wa insulin (yakunja) ndi insulin. Fotokozerani zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber ndi zakudya zovuta, kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta.

Ngati munthu ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma sanamupezeke, amamulembera kumwa tiyi wa antilipid, yemwe amasintha ma cellcirculation, mtundu wa insulin yakeyinso ndikudziwikitsa kuchuluka kwa ma protein a prostaglandin, omwe amayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi. Amaperekanso cellulose iwiri, yomwe imalepheretsa shuga ochulukirapo kugaya chakudya kuti asamwe. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kusamutsa shuga kuchokera ku decompensated (ngati shuga mumkodzo, ndiye kuti thupi silingathe kupirira nalo) m'njira yolipira. Ndipo pamapeto pake, mankhwala achitatu ndi calcium, womwe umapangidwira kuchepetsa shuga, omwe, kuphatikiza chitetezo cha m'magazi ndi mahomoni, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mafupa, mulinso ndi insulin prohormone, inulin, yomwe imathandizanso kuchepetsa matenda a shuga.

Mwambiri, munthu yemwe samadwala kwambiri matenda a shuga II amatha kukhala ndi zakudya komanso kuchiritsa mankhwala pozika zinthu zochepetsa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali ndikufa munthawi yoyenera chifukwa cha matenda amtima omwe amayamba chifukwa cha okalamba komanso matenda oopsa.

Kodi kufunsira kwa akatswiri kumafunikira liti?

Ntchito ya katswiri wa matenda ashuga samangotengera kulandira kwa odwala matenda a shuga, komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Dokotala ayenera kuthandizidwa kukaonana ngati:

1. Pali makonzedwe obadwa nawo, koma palibe mawonetsedwe owonekeratu. Ngati pali wachibale mmodzi kapena amene wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda chikuchulukirachulukira. Ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi kuti mupeze zosintha zomwe zayamba.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri. DM ndikuphwanya njira kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi, chizindikiro pafupipafupi pa izi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa thupi. Makilogalamu owonjezera amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a mthupi lathu lonse komanso zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira index yanu yamasamba.
3. Anthu azaka za 45+. Munthawi imeneyi, ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zimatha kuchepa ntchito, kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi kamachepa. Mwa akazi, momwe ma Horoni amakhudzidwira, amasintha, motero amawonjezera zoopsa zake.
4. Mzimayi ali ndi mimba yomwe imapangidwa ndi matenda a shuga. Munthawi ya kubereka kwa mwana, matupi a mayimidwe a mkazi amakhala akusintha mosalekeza. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kusayenda bwino kwa machitidwe amoyo, kuopseza moyo wa mayi ndi mwana.
5. Makanda obadwira kwa mayi yemwe wadwala matenda ashuga.
6. Anthu amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri.
7. Munthu amakhala ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro:
   • ludzu lalikulu
   • kuchuluka pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwamikodzo,
   • ulesi wopanda pake, kusowa mphamvu,
   • kusintha komwe kumachitika osati chifukwa chodziwika bwino,
   • kutsika kwamawonedwe owoneka,
   • kusintha kwaulemu kopanda tanthauzo.

Thanzi ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimayenera kutetezedwa. Kuyeserera pafupipafupi komanso kumva kuti mukusintha momwe zimakhalira kungalepheretse kusintha koyipa.

Zabwino Zamkaka

Simungathe kunyalanyaza zopangidwa ndi mkaka - Whey. Ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri m'matumbo, chifukwa amatha kukhazikitsa njira yokumba. Amadzimadzi amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimayang'anira kupanga shuga m'magazi - choline ndi biotin. Potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous zimapezekanso mu seramu. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito Whey chakudya, zidzakuthandizani:

• chotsani mapaundi owonjezera,
• kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi
• kuti asinthe momwe akumvera wodwalayo.

Ndikofunika kuphatikiza mu zakudya zomwe zapangidwa kuchokera ku bowa lamkaka, lomwe litha kumera palokha. Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhomo tizilandira chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chosangalatsa chopatsa mphamvu ndi mavitamini, mavitamini ndi michere yofunikira mthupi.

Muyenera kumwa kefir 150 ml musanadye. Chifukwa cha bowa wamkaka, kuthamanga kwa magazi kudzasinthidwa, metabolism imakhazikitsidwa, ndipo kulemera kumachepa.

Anthu omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yoyamba amatha kukhala okhumudwa chifukwa chakuti matenda oterewa amaletsa komanso kutsata malamulo ena omwe sangagwetsedwe nawo. Komabe, ngati mupenda mozama za momwe matendawo aliri ndikuyandikira chithandizo chamankhwala mosamala, ndiye kuti thanzi limatha kusamalidwa ndikusankha zakudya zoyenera. Ngakhale ndi ma taboos ambiri, ndizotheka kudya zamitundu mitundu ndikukhala ndi moyo wokwanira.

Dokotala endocrinologist pa matenda a shuga

Dokotala amatha kudziwa ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena angayikenso matenda ena. Kuyesedwa koyenera kumayikidwa, zizindikiro za matendawa zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Zoyenera kuchita kenako ndi momwe angachitire? Wochiritsirayo akhoza kunena za mfundo zazikuluzikulu za njira zochiritsira, koma sangayang'ane wodwalayo. Ndiye ndi dokotala wamtundu wanji yemwe amachiza matenda ashuga? Kuti mumve zambiri, muyenera kupita ku endocrinologist.

Pafupifupi ndi zovuta zilizonse zosasangalatsa, odwala amabwera kwa akatswiri. Dokotalayo amapereka kupereka kwa mayeso, kuyezetsa kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, ndipo malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyo, apanga matenda. Koma wochiritsirayo samapereka chithandizo chenicheni. Odwala ambiri sakudziwa kuti ndi dokotala uti kuti alumikizane ndi matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe ali ndi chipatala cha matenda oterewa, othandizira amatanthauza endocrinologist.

Madokotala afufuze za mbiri iyi, amathandizira matenda amtundu wa endocrine, komanso amapereka njira zodzitetezera kuti matenda asinthe.

Dokotala amachititsa maphunziro a magwiridwe antchito a endocrine, amawazindikira matenda omwe ali momwemo, amalembera mankhwala awo, ndikuthandizira zovuta zomwe zachitika mothandizidwa ndi matenda a pathological. Ine.e. endocrinologist amathetsa matendawa pawokha komanso zotsatira zake. Dokotala amafotokozeranso chithandizo chothandiza kukonza mahomoni m'thupi, kubwezeretsa kagayidwe, kuthetsa endocrine chifukwa cha kusabereka komanso zina.

Zimakhala zovuta kwa wodwala yemwe wapezeka kuti wapezeka ndi matendawa kuti asinthe moyo wake. Endocrinologist amaphunzitsa wodwalayo kuti azindikire kutulutsa kwakuthupi kwam'magazi, ndipo utachepa, amaphunzitsa momwe angayang'anire index ya glycemic ya zomwe zili m'matebulowo, momwe angawerengere zomwe zimapangidwira tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu.

Ganizirani madokotala omwe mungawafunse ngati matenda a shuga ayambitsa mavuto ena machitidwe ena:

• Ophthalmologist
• Neurologist
• Cardiologist
• Opaleshoni ya mtima.

Akamaliza, wokonzekera endocrinologist adzalemba mankhwala ena othandiza kuti thupi lichepetse ndi matendawa.

Kodi ndi dokotala uti amene amayeza matenda amtundu woyamba 2? Omaliza endocrinologists. Komanso, malinga ndi luso lawo, amathandizira matenda ena:

• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Menyani zolowa
• Vuto la chithokomiro
• Oncological pathologies a endocrine system,
• Vutoli
• Kusabereka
• Hypothyroidism syndrome,
• Zovuta pakukula kwa endocrine glands mwa ana,
• Endocrinologist-diabetesologist amasankha chakudya chofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.
• Dokotala wothandizira wa endocrinologist amachita ngati wodwala wakumana ndi zovuta: gangrene,
• The genetic endocrinologist imayenderana ndi matenda amtundu, imapereka malangizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi ma genetic pathologies, ndikusankha njira zodzitetezera (gigantism, dwarfism).

Mu endocrinology ya ana, mavuto okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha kugonana amathetsedwa. Matendawa amaganiziridwa mkati mwa gulu la zaka (ana ndi achinyamata). Mu diabetesology, amazindikira, amathandizira, ndikuwona kupewa kwa matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zina.

Chotsatira, tikupeza kuti muyenera liti kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe amadwala matenda a shuga.

Chithunzi cha matenda

Muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga kuti mufike kwa nthawi yayitali, kukayezetsa, kutsimikizira za matendawo ndikupeza kwa dokotala yemwe akuthandiza matenda ashuga. Pokhapokha ndi pomwe mungathe kuthana ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zowopsa. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi nthawi zonse zimachenjeza za zobisika m'thupi:

1. Ludzu losatha. Poyamba, zoterezi sizisokoneza odwala, koma pang'onopang'ono ludzu limakulirakulira, wodwalayo sangathe kumukhutiritsa. Usiku amamwa malita amadzi, ndipo m'mawa amadzimva kuti akumwalira ndi ludzu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, magaziwo amakula. Ndipo madzi amawumitsa.
2. Kuchulukitsa chilakolako. Matenda a shuga amakhalapo nthawi zambiri amakhala obisika monga mawonekedwe osavulaza m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunika kuyamba kuda nkhawa ndi chilakolako chosalamulirika. Pang'onopang'ono, mawonekedwe ake amawonjezeka. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayamba kupereka zokonda ndi zotsekemera. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi chizindikiritso ichi ndi chizindikiro chowopsa. Wodwalayo samangoyang'anira kusintha kwakanthawi kwamachitidwe azakudya ndi zomwe amakonda.
3. Kulemera. Kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa kulemera. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ndi onenepa kwambiri II, III degree. Wodwala samvera za kusintha kochititsa mantha kotere.
4. Mwa odwala ena, kulemera kwake kumatha kutsika kwambiri ndikuphwanya kupanga kwa mahomoni ena.
5. Kuzizira kwambiri komanso matenda ena osasiya wodwala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi.
6. Kuyendetsa kugonana kumachepetsedwa.
7. Kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kwa candidiasis.
8. Kufooka minofu, kukulitsa khungu kuyabwa.
9. Kutupa kwa khungu ndi mabala omwe amavuta kuchiritsa.
10. Kuwona m'mavuto, kusamba.

Dokotalayo amawona matenda a shuga ndi madandaulo a wodwalayo, mayeso ake komanso zotsatira zake. Zizindikiro zimadziwika, zomwe wodwalayo amalankhula, kuyesedwa kumachitika, katswiri amawunika zotsatira za mayeso, zomwe adalemba. The endocrinologist ikhoza kukulemberani maphunziro ena, owonjezereka, chifukwa chomwe angakonze zochiritsidwazo kale ndikuwonjezeranso akatswiri a mbiri yochepetsetsa pamaso pa zopatuka zilizonse kapena zovuta zina.

Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe dokotala amakupatsani matenda ashuga?

Njira Zodziwika Zachangu Za Anthu Ashuga

The genetic factor ndiye chinthu chachikulu pakukula kwa matendawa, koma mtundu I shuga mellitus umabadwa kawirikawiri poyerekeza ndi II. Ndani amachiritsa matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga? Yemweyo endocrinologist.

Mtundu wa I matenda, njira yovuta imadziwika. Thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell a kapamba omwe amapanga insulin. Ndizosatheka kuti tichotse matenda ashuga oterewa, koma nthawi zina zimatha kubwezeretsanso ntchito za pancreatic. Onetsetsani kuti mwabaya insulin. Mafomu apiritsi pano alibe mphamvu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa insulin m'mimba. Kuchokera pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, shuga, zakudya zotsekemera, misuzi yazipatso, ndi mandimu sizipatula.

Matenda a Type II nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamene chidwi cha ma cell ku insulin chikatayika pomwe pali michere yambiri. Sikuti wodwala aliyense amapatsidwa insulin, chifukwa si wodwala aliyense amene amafuna. Wodwala amatchulidwa pang'onopang'ono kulemera kwake.

Dokotala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatenga mankhwala a mahomoni, mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chinsinsi cha insulin. Maphunziro othandizira othandizira amafunikanso pambuyo pa chithandizo chachikulu chamankhwala, ngati sichoncho kuchotsedwa sikungatenge nthawi yayitali.

The endocrinologist amapanga zakudya zapadera kwa wodwala. Mafuta onse, okoma, zokometsera, zokometsera, mafuta, mowa, mpunga, semolina, zipatso zotsekemera ndi zipatso sizimayikidwa.

Wodwala ayenera kudya zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga: nyemba zobiriwira, buliberries, blueberries. Nyama ya kalulu imathanso kuchepetsa shuga, kusintha kagayidwe. Ndizakudya komanso zamafuta. Selenium muzakudya imasintha insulin. Chiwindi chokhala ndi vitamini B1 chimakhudza kutulutsa kwa glucose. Mackerel muli ma acid omwe amalimbitsa mtima khoma. Carbohydrate metabolism imayang'aniridwa ndi manganese (koposa zonse zomwe zimapezeka mu oats, kotero oatmeal pamadzi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri). Bioflavonoids amalimbitsa ma capillaries, amathandizira kutsitsa kufalikira kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi (parsley, letesi, rose rose). Mtima wama ng'ombe (B mavitamini) amakhudza kupanga insulin.

Njala komanso kudya zakudya kwambiri sikuti kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino, zimangovulaza thanzi la wodwalayo. Koma zakudya zoyenera, zopangidwa ndi endocrinologist, zimasunga shuga wofunikira m'magazi ndikupanga thanzi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumathandizira kusintha magazi, kulimbitsa mtima, kuwongolera shuga, komanso kuthana ndi cholesterol. Kufunika kwa insulin kukufooketsa.

Pambuyo pofunsana ndi endocrinologist, wodwalayo amatha kumwa zowonjezera zapadera ndi vitamini B (B3 amathandizira thupi kuyamwa chromium), C, chromium, zinc, ndi magnesium. Izi kufufuza ndi mavitamini amatenga mbali zosiyanasiyana ma cell zimachitikira, shuga, kuwonjezera insulin. Magnesium imatha kutsitsa kukakamiza, komanso zimakhudza mayendedwe amanjenje.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika. Amadziwika ndi kusintha kosasinthika pakugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kumathandizira kukulitsa kuchepa kwa insulin, zovuta zam'mitsempha, neuropathy. Ndi dokotala uti amene amathandizira matenda ashuga? Endocrinologist. Amatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa matenda a matenda a mtima, mankhwala. Dokotala samatsimikiza za matenda a shuga osati ndi zizindikiro zokha, komanso mwa kuwunika. Ngati endocrinologist walamula mayeso ambiri ndi mayeso ena, onse ayenera kumaliza. Izi zikuthandizira katswiri kuzindikira matendawa moyenera, kudziwa mtundu wake komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga, kusintha mankhwalawo ndikupangitsa kuti akhale othandiza kwambiri. The endocrinologist imaperekanso malingaliro pazokhudza kusintha kwa moyo, kudya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Matenda ashuga - Science of matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga imakhala yachiwiri pakufalikira kwa matenda pambuyo pa matenda oopsa. Munthu aliyense wakhumi padziko lapansi amakumana ndi mavuto otere ndi zotsatirapo zake.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Asayansi amagwira mwakhama ntchito yokhudza matenda ashuga, kuyesera kupeza njira zatsopano zochizira matenda oyipa. Posachedwa, nthambi ya zamankhwala Endocrinology yazindikiritsa gawo loyima palokha - Diabetesology. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mufufuze bwino lomwe vutoli chifukwa chophwanya njira za metabolic.