Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine momwe insulin yopangidwira kwathunthu kapena imasungidwa mosakwanira. Kuwonetsera kotsogola kwa matendawa ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, lembani matenda ashuga 2, omwe maselo amthupi sazindikira insulin, amapezeka mwa akazi kuposa amuna. Zowonadi, muzogonana, ma mahomoni amakumbukika, ndipo amasintha nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa insulin ndiwofala kwambiri kuposa matenda a shuga 1. Komanso, 80% ya odwala onse ndi onenepa kwambiri. Mwa odwala, minofu ya adipose imadziunjikira m'chifuwa ndi peritoneum, ndipo chithunzi chimakhala ngati apulo, chomwe chimatchedwa kunenepa kwam'mimba.

Zochitika

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 azimayi ndizosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, itha kukhala kukalamba kwachilengedwe kwa thupi, chifukwa ndi ukalamba, kuthekera kwa kuyamwa kwa shuga kumachepa.

Komanso chomwe chikutsogolera pakupanga matenda a autoimmune ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Pamaso pa kulemera kowonjezera, mawonekedwe a magazi amasokonezeka, cholesterol yambiri imadziunjikira, yomwe imayikidwa pamakoma a mtima, omwe amathandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis. Zotsatira zake, zombo zotsekedwa zimasiya kuperekera okosijeni ndi michere minofu ndi ziwalo zomwe zimafunikira, kotero maselo amayamba kuyamwa glucose ndi insulin kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu am'magazi kumabweretsa kutsika kwa kapamba, kuchedwetsa insulin zolandila pama cell onse.

Njira zopatsirana, makamaka, matenda omwe anasamutsidwa muubwana, zitha kubweretsanso ku matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali kutengera kwa chibadwa, ngakhale fulu wamba imatha kupangitsa matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimangokhala kupsinjika ndi kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa azimayi opitirira zaka 30. Kuphatikiza apo, zizoloŵezi monga kusuta fodya komanso uchidakwa zimathandizira kuti matendawa ayambe.

Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma palinso zinthu zina zowopsa zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

kunenepa
Matenda oopsa (neurodermatitis, eczema),
chibadwire
chitukuko cha atherosclerosis, angina pectoris ndi matenda oopsa,
kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticosteroids mosalekeza,
mikhalidwe yomwe imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kowopsa kamodzi kwa shuga m'magazi panthawi yapakati, stroko kapena mtima,
chotupa kapena adrenal gland chotupa,
matenda a mimba kapena kubadwa kwa ana olemera kuposa 4 kg.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 azimayi zimayamba kukalamba (zaka 40-55). Mbali yina yamatenda amtunduwu ndikuti imakula pang'onopang'ono, pomwe pamakhala ngozi yayikulu.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi ludzu lalikulu. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kusalinganika m'mahomoni ndi shuga m'thupi. Pamodzi ndi izi, mtsikanayo amatha kumva kupweteka pakamwa komanso kupweteka pachifuwa. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ngati pali mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ludzu silingakhutire mosasamala kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe adamwa.

Chowonetseranso pafupipafupi cha matendawa ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, komwe kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwamadzi. Koma chizindikiro choterechi chimatha kutsatiranso matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, cystitis. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pafupifupi malita 2-3 ndi zopitilira 12 patsiku kuyenera kukhala chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Zizindikiro zake zokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndizopanda chidwi, kugona, ndi kutopa. Maonekedwe a mkhalidwewu amathandizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni. Komabe, kutopa ndi kusinthasintha kumatha kuwonetsa matenda enanso owopsa achikazi.

Zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga mwa azimayi zikuuma khungu. M'malo mwake, kumwa zamadzi zambiri ndi zakudya zabwino zimakhudza khungu. Ikawuma, ndiye kuti mabala ndi ming'alu zimakhazikika pa iye, zomwe zimachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina zimasanduka zilonda.

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono, masinthidwe amachepetsedwa, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chachilendo:

zotupa
kuyera mumaso
dzanzi la miyendo ndi zala,
ng'ombe zamkaka,
kutayika kwa chala.

Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha kuyabwa pakhungu, ndipo mwa azimayi amamva kwambiri maliseche. Komanso, libido yawo imachepa, yomwe siyoy chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, komanso kuwonongeka konsekonse kwa thupi.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa azimayi ndizosagwira bwino ntchito mu msambo, komwe ndi gawo lofunikira laumoyo lomwe limakonzekeretsa ntchito yobereka pakubereka kwa ana. Koma ngati ma Horona maziko akusokonekera, ndiye kuti izi zimathandizira kukulitsa matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa kusokonezeka kwa msambo, wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ena amtundu wamkati (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea).

Kudwala kumayambira zaka 50-60, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Munthawi imeneyi, thupi la mkazi limasinthika, lomwe limatsatana ndi zizindikilo izi:

kupweteka mumtima ndi m'miyendo.
malaise
kudzimbidwa
thukuta
kusintha kwa kulemera
chizungulire.

Munthawi imeneyi, ma endocrinologists amalangiza chithandizo cha mahomoni chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zizigwira ntchito komanso kupewa matenda ashuga m'tsogolo.

Koma ndi malingaliro ena ati omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi mkazi pofuna kupewa matenda a hyperglycemia?

Njira zopewera

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu, monga fomu yodziyimira payekha sangathe kupewedwa pachiwonetsero choyamba chakulephera kwa metabolic. Koma odwala ambiri amatopa kwambiri kukafunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kenako amakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala pamoyo wawo wonse.

Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga kapena osachedwa kukula kwake, ndikofunikira kuti musaiwale za njira zodzitetezera. Ndikofunika kuti madzi azikhala moyenera mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito za kapamba zizionekera komanso kuonetsetsa kuti shuga anyamula maselo. Chifukwa chake, musanadye chakudya chilichonse muyenera kumwa kapu yamadzi oyera, ndipo muyenera kukana khofi, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, tiyi ndi mowa.

Pofuna kuti asakhale ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 azimayi, ndikofunikira kuti aziwunika zakudya zawo. Choyamba, muyenera kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku kotero kuti zosachepera 1200, koma osapitirira 2500, poganizira kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi.

Komanso, ndikofunikira kupatula chakudya cham'mimba chambiri ndikuchichulukitsa ndi zipatso, masamba, zipatso, zitsamba, mtedza ndi zakudya zina, zokhala ndi fiber yambiri, mavitamini ndi michere. Chakudya chimayenera kudulidwa mpaka katatu pa tsiku, pomwe chakudya chimayenera kudyedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Zinthu zabwino zopewera matenda a shuga zimaphatikizapo:

mabulosi decoctions kutengera cranberries, viburnum, hawthorn, phulusa la kumapiri,
chimanga
Zipatso za malalanje
zinthu zonse zaufa
masamba (tsabola belu, radish, beets, kabichi) ndi nyemba.

Komanso, onse odwala matenda ashuga amafunikira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, zimathandizira kuti mafuta azichotsa cholesterol, kulimbitsa mtima ndi minyewa, chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukonza thanzi lathunthu.

Kuti izi zitheke, ndikokwanira kupita kumasewera tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 30, zomwe zingathandize kuti maselo azikhala bwino komanso kuti magazi azithamanga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyenda chapamwamba kapena kuyenda kwa maola ambiri mumlengalenga watsopano, kawiri pa sabata.

Komanso, azimayi onse ayenera kulimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Kupatula apo, kupanikizika ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mtima, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri zovuta zakulephera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Ngati m'modzi wa abale ake ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti kupewa kuyambira kuyambira ubwana. Chifukwa chake, mtsikana wazaka 4 zitha kujambulidwa mgawo la masewera kapena kutumizidwa kuvina.

Ngati mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso masewera atha kukhala osathandiza ndipo matenda ashuga sanayambepo, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika ndicholinga chotsitsa mfundo za shuga m'magazi. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga zimachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi sulfonylurea, mankhwala opangira chidwi omwe amakonzanso kukana kwa maselo ku insulin, buganides, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors ndi mankhwala ena.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 mwa azimayi zimadziwika ndi kanema mu nkhaniyi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, mayeso ndi kuzindikira

Pofuna kuti musazizunze nokha ndikukayikira komanso kuti musayang'ane tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mupeze chizindikiro cha khungu lanu, ndimatenda a gulu lachiwiri, ndibwino kuti mukayezetse magazi muma labotor apadera - uku ndi kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin. Musanayesere kuyesedwa, palibe chifukwa chodandaula ndi thupi (tikulankhula za kuyesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pomwe adotolo amafotokoza kuwunika kwa shuga), ndipo zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse yabwino.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, madotolo samalimbikitsa odwala kuti ayesetse ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga, komanso osadya. Kusanthula koteroko kwa zaka zingapo kumatha kukhala kwachilendo kwa wodwala, pomwe matenda omwe ali ndi zovuta amatha kupezeka m'thupi la mkazi. Kuyesa kwa hemoglobin A1C sikungathandize kupulumutsa ndalama za pabanja, koma kumapulumutsa mkaziyo ku mantha osafunikira chifukwa cha thanzi lake.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, zotsatira zake

Matenda a 2 a akazi mu azimayi nthawi zonse amakhala owopsa pakusintha kwamatenda (zovuta) kapena zotsatila zake, nthawi zina zimayambitsa kulumala, komanso kumwalira msanga. Matendawa amadziwika mwa anthu wamba otchedwa "wakupha chete". Kuphatikiza kwa mawu kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi njira yake: kusakhalapo kwa kupweteka kwakuthupi panthawi yonse ya maphunziro. Ngati zowawa zikuwoneka, monga lamulo, wodwalayo sangathenso kupulumutsidwa. Chilimbikitso chotsimikizika pakufuna kuyendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la akazi chithandiza kupewa izi, kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo omveka bwino oletsa zovuta kapena kuwachiritsa.

European Cardiovascular Journal, kutengera kafukufuku womwe anachita mu 2007, inafalitsa nkhani yokhudza zotsatira za matenda ashuga achikazi ndi amuna. Inati matendawa ndi ovulaza thupi la azimayi kuposa abambo. Monga momwe kafukufuku wasonyezera, kuchepa kwa ntchito yofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pakati pa akazi kumakhala ndi chizindikiro cha zaka 8.2, pamene mwa amuna ndi zaka 7.5. Kuwoneka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa abambo ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotengera matenda amtima wam'madzi ambiri chifukwa cha 2-3, koma mwa akazi, chifukwa cha 6. Matenda a mtima mwa oyimira "ogonana ofooka" omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a gulu lachiwiri, nthawi zambiri amapha kuposa pakati pa odwala amuna.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 a akazi

Matendawa ali pamakadi ndipo adotolo adafotokozera gulu lachiwiri la matenda ashuga? Osataya mtima, muyenera kulandira chithandizo cha matendawo. Njira yosankhidwa bwino yochizira matenda a shuga a gulu lachiwiri ithandiza kuthandizira kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zingayambike mpaka zero.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachinayi ya mankhwalawa pochiza:

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zotsika mtengo.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chamagulu omwera, zakudya zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimachitika mosangalatsa.
Zakudya zamagulu owonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuwonjezera mapiritsi apadera omwe adapangidwa ndi adokotala a matenda ashuga. Amathandizira kukulitsa chidwi cha thupi la mkazi kulowa insulin.
Ngati pali milandu yovuta komanso yosasiyidwa, ndiye kuti malangizo a dokotala okha ndi omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa.

Milandu ndikutsatira njirayi iyenera kugawidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wodwala. Ndiye kuti, zakudya zamagulu ochepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo palibe kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupita wachiwiri. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikuthandizanso, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi, koma ngati salipira shuga, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita popanda insulini.

Kanemayu akuwonetsa mfundo zoyambirira za kadyedwe kabwino ka matenda ashuga. Kodi mungasunge bwanji unyamata ndi kukongola ngakhale mutadwala? Ndemanga kapena malingaliro aliwonse?! Onetsetsani kuti mwalemba za iwo mu ndemanga ku nkhaniyi!

Zochitika

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiritso za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mwa akazi, kuzindikira komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa matendawa poyamba. Ndi kuvutitsidwa kwa zakudya zamatumbo, matenda ashuga amatha kuchitika. Kupatula apo, zikondamoyo zimayamba kuchepa, ndikuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a insulin. Ngati thupi la mwana likudwala matenda opatsirana mwana, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amatha kuchitika pambuyo pakupanga thupi. Kutengera kwamtundu wamatenda kumatanthauza kuti azimayi ayenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake kuyambira ali mwana. Ngakhale chimfine wamba chimatha kuyambitsa hyperglycemia.

Zowonjezera

Mavuto omwe azimayi amakumana nawo amatha kuyambitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka makumi atatu, thupi logonana mosavomerezeka limakumana ndi zovuta zingapo za metabolic. Kuledzera komanso kusuta fodya kumatha kuyambitsanso matenda ashuga a 2. Matenda ena owopsa a akazi amathandizira kuti matendawo afotokozedwe. Nthawi zina matenda a pathological pa nthawi ya pakati amatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 wa akazi

Zizindikiro mwa azimayi amtendawa zimadziwika nthawi zambiri wazaka 40 zakubadwa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda amishuga 2 mwa akazi:

Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonekera. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kudya kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsanso chitukuko cha matenda,
kusamba kumasokonezeka, kutulutsa kumatha kusowa kapena kuchulukitsa,
pakamwa kowuma kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, ludzu lalikulu limachitika,
Njala ngakhale mutadya kumene,
zotupa zapakhungu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda zimawonekera, zimayendera limodzi ndi kuyabwa ndi kuwotcha,
mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
dzanzi ndi kupindika kwa miyendo,
Masomphenyawo amachepa, ndipo madzi ake akuchepa,
kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi
maula a msomali amayankhanso matendawa, kapangidwe kawo kamafalikira,
Tsitsi limatha kucheperachepera, kuchepera thupi ndikuchepa thupi
kusokoneza kugona kosalekeza komanso kutopa, chizungulire chadzidzidzi.

Zotengera zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi matendawa, chifukwa chake, mucous membrane amakhalanso ndi vuto loyenda magazi:

Amayamba kuwonda kwambiri, ma microcracks amawoneka, omwe amachira pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala gwero la matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus ndi fungus,
mkati mwa nyini, mulingo wa asidi woyambira umayamba kusintha,
nkhope yosalimba.

Ngakhale zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga achimayi mu azimayi ndi izi: kuchepa kwa tsitsi pamiyendo, koma kukula kowoneka bwino pamaso, kakulidwe kakang'ono kachikasu, kotchedwa xanthomas, kamawonekanso pathupi, pang'onopang'ono kufalikira thupi. Kuyesedwa kwa Laborator kumazindikiritsa bwino matendawa.Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zili ndi shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya. Ngati kuwunikaku kudutsa pamimba yopanda kanthu kumawonetsa zotsatira za zoposa 120 mg%, ndipo mutadzaza m'mimba - woposa 140 mg%, ndiye kuti matendawa amakula ndipo ndi nthawi yoti ayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Zizindikiro

Ntchito yodziwira matenda a matenda a shuga 2 a akazi (kuti ziwoneka zake pamwambapa) ndikuzindikira kapena kutsimikizira kuti cell ya beta siikuyenda bwino (kusowa kwenikweni kwa insulin). Zizindikiro zazikulu zamtundu wa beta:

hyperglycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo chakudya mosapitirira malire a ambiri ovomerezeka,
glucosuria
ketonuria
kuchepa kapena kuchuluka pang'ono kwa C-peptide m'magazi kapena mkodzo.

Pamaso pazizindikiro, maphunziro a labotale amafunikira makamaka kuti atsimikizire kuti mukudwala. Pakalibe zizindikiritso, zambiri zamankhwala zokhazokha zimapangitsa kukayikira matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin kapenanso kudziwa bwino matenda (mwachitsanzo, ngati mutuwo uli ndi hyperglycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso matupi a ketone mumkodzo). Pachifukwachi, kuwonetsetsa kuti labotale ndi yofunika kwambiri mukamawunika anthu omwe ali kale koyambirira kwa matendawa. M'mabotolo, monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a venous amatsimikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma autoanalyzers, komabe, posachedwa, pakuwunika, mitsempha yoyesa kapena glucometer yomwe imayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Mankhwala

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mu akazi ndi matenda omwe amapezeka makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso am'mimba. Matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, koma ndikofunikira kutero! Pofuna kuchiza matenda amiseche 2 azimayi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuthana ndi matendawa.

Thiazolidinediones ndi meglitinides

Meglitinides imathandizira kupanga mahomoni ndi kapamba, komanso kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Amagwira makina a maselo, osati maselo pawokha, zimapangitsa kuti asapondereze biosynthesis. Omwe akuyimira gulu la mankhwalawa ndi Starlix ndi Novonorm, omwe ali ndi nateglinide pakupanga kwawo.

Thiazolidinediones amakhala ndi tanthauzo la hypoclimic, osasokoneza kupanga insulin, amalimbikitsa kufalitsa majini, komanso amathandizira kuti asakhale ndi vuto la mtima ndi mtima. Mankhwalawa otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda amishuga amitundu iwiri mwa amayi: Troglitazone, Pioglitazone ndi Rosiglitazone.

Kuchokera ku Sulfonylurea

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndizotheka kulimbikitsa kupanga kwa ma cell a pancreatic beta, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zina za cell, kufooketsa ubale wa mapuloteni ndi zovuta za mahomoni, kukulitsa chidwi cha insulin cha minofu ya lipid ndi minofu, etc. Mankhwala amakono, "Carbutamide", "Glipizide", "Tolazamide" ndi "Glyclazide", komanso ndalama zomwe zili ndi glimepirides zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, ndizotheka kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imatulutsidwa m'magazi. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa gluconeogeneis, wolimbikitsa glycolysis ndi chakudya chama cell omwe amapezeka m'maselo. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti Biguanides samachepetsa msanga kwambiri shuga! Mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a shuga a 2 mwa azimayi ndi Formetin, Glucophage ndi Siofor.

Incretins ndi alpha glucosidase zoletsa

Incretin ndi timadzi timene timapezeka m'mimba timene timalimbikitsa chinsinsi cha insulin. Amayamba ntchito yake pokhapokha pali shuga wokwanira m'magazi. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti mkazi samakhala ndi hypoglycemia. Oimira otchuka a maretretins ndi Yanumet, Metglib ndi Bagomet. Ma alpha glucosidase inhibitors amalepheretsa kupanga enzyme inayake m'matumbo yomwe ingayambitse kupasuka kwa zovuta zam'mimba. Izi zimathandiza kuti muchepetse kuyamwa kwa ma polysaccharides m'magazi. Gulu la mankhwala ogwira mtima limaphatikizapo Glucobay, Acarbose ndi Miglitol.

Madotolo akazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 m'mayi, amapereka mankhwala ena ochizira matenda awa. Komabe, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za zakudya zapadera za matenda ashuga. Popeza thupi silingathenso kupanga bwino chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosatheka kuchira kwathunthu ku matendawa omwe amafunsidwa. Kupatula apo, pali njira yovuta ya kagayidwe ka glucose. Komabe, muyenera kutsatira izi, kuonera kadyedwe kena. Ndipo pokhapokha pazotheka kupewa zovuta.

Zolemba za chakudya chomwe akufuna

Kuti musunge shuga wambiri mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusankha mafuta athanzi ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri pazakudya zanu. Mwachilengedwe, musaiwale za kufunikira kwa mavitamini, michere ndi michere. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa chakudya chomwe mukuwunikira kuyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kusintha kwa odwala pambuyo pa chakudya chama carb ochepa kumawonedwa m'masiku ochepa. Chifukwa chake, mafuta sangaukitse shuga wamagazi, mosiyana ndi chakudya chamafuta. Ndipo mapuloteni enieni samakulitsa shuga. Zakudya izi zatsimikizirika mogwira mtima.

Zotsatira zake

Tsoka ilo, zovuta za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mwa akazi (Zizindikiro za matendawa ziyenera kuzindikirika munthawi yake) zimadziwika pafupifupi zonse, ndipo matenda a pathology amatha kupita patsogolo. Komanso, ngakhale mayi atatsatira malingaliro a dokotala ndendende, kubaya insulin molondola komanso popanda mipata, kuwerengera chakudya, ndikuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga, zovuta za matenda a shuga 2 zimatha kuchitika nthawi inayake.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina - impso, mitsempha yamagazi ndi maso, komanso dongosolo lamanjenje. Tiyeni tizingokhalira kuganizira zambiri za iwo.

Matenda a shuga

Izi zikuwonetsa chiyambi cha kusintha kwamitsempha komanso aimpso. Nthawi yomweyo, kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi kamachepetsedwa, ndipo ngakhale kulephera kwaimpso kumatha kukula. Magazi amakhala ndi maziko a nayitrogeni, omwe amayambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi. Kuti awongolere vutoli, mkazi ayenera kuyeretsa magazi pafupipafupi kudzera mu hemodialysis kapena kumuika impso kuchokera kwa wopereka.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotumphuka yamapeto kumadziwika. Poyamba, wodwalayo amadzimva kumva kulira, kuzirala ndi kuzizira, koma patapita nthawi chidwi cha miyendo chimatha kuchepera. Vuto lowopsa ndi phazi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa chomwe khungu ndi zilonda zam'mimba zimawonekera. Popanda chithandizo choyenera komanso chakanthawi, mkazi amatha kuwonetsedwa kuduladula mkono kapena mwendo.

Matenda a shuga

Ndi chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, kuwonongeka ndi magwiridwe antchito amitsempha yamagazi ndi ma capillaries kumachitika, mavomerezo awo amachepa kwambiri, amatha kupweteketsa, ndikupangitsa kukula kwa magazi a mtima kapena thrombosis.

Zotsatira za mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga sizimakhazikika, koma pakapita nthawi. Koma mayi aliyense ayenera kudziwa za iwo kuti athetse nthawi. Izi zimaphunzitsidwa ndi sukulu ya matenda ashuga, ndi endocrinologist.

Kupewa

Matenda a shuga ndi njira zofala, makamaka mwa akazi. Zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ntchito ya endocrine system. Popewa kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a 2, ndikofunikira kupenda magazi pafupipafupi, cholesterol, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa ndikuchepetsa thupi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi, mwina, chimatha kutchedwa chinthu chachikulu, popeza popanda iwo zina zotsalazo zingakhale zopanda ntchito. Choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kudya kwa chakudya cham'mimba chofulumira, chifukwa amadzaza zikondamoyo koposa zonse, kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepa.

Mosakayikira, kupanikizika pafupipafupi kumasokoneza zochitika zama cell ndi ziwalo zambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuwoneka kwamatenda ambiri. Chifukwa chake, mkazi ayenera kuphunzira kuugwira mtima komanso kuti asakhumudwenso.

Akasowa madzi m'mimba, kapamba amapanga insulin pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amalangizidwa kumwa 200-250 ml ya madzi musanadye. Madzi sangasinthidwe ndi tiyi, khofi, madzi kapena madzi otsekemera.

Popewa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa matenda amtunduwu, azimayi amalangizidwa kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta.

Mayeso osiyanasiyana amathandizira kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga mthupi la mayi, ndipo matendawa akapezeka msanga, ndizosavuta kuulamulira ndikuwuchiza.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa

Madokotala amati kuti azimayi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga. Ndi vuto logaya chakudya m'mimba lomwe limatha kukhala chinthu chobweretsa matendawa.

M'pofunikanso kutchulanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga, omwe amapezeka mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera. Mphamvu ya thupi kupita ku insulin imachepetsedwa chifukwa cholephera kuwononga ma horoni.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kukhala kwabwinobwino pakadutsa masabata 2-6 mwana atabadwa. Momwemo, chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo sichikulamulidwa, koma kuyang'anira kuchipatala ndikofunikira.

Amakhulupirira kuti azimayi ambiri pambuyo pa 40 onenepa kwambiri kapena atayamba kunenepa kwambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda ashuga pakati pa azimayi.

Komabe Kuzindikira matendawa kumayambiriro kumakhala kovuta.

Madokotala pankhaniyi adayambitsa lingaliro la "prediabetes." Izi ndi zofunikira kwambiri pamene msinkhu wa shuga ukuwonjezeka pang'ono, koma palibe zowonetsera zina zamatendawa. Mlingo wa insulin ulinso wabwinobwino. Ngati simutenga chidwi ndi izi ndipo simukutsatira zomwe dokotala akufuna, ndiye kuti atha kupezeka ndi mtundu waukulu wa matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zake ndi akazi

Zina mwazofunikira za mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali osiyana ndi azimayi ndi izi:

kuwonetsa pafupipafupi kwamatenda oyamba ndi akazi (mwachitsanzo, candidiasis),
mavuto ndi njira yakulera (kulephera kubereka mwana),
thukuta kwambiri (kununkhira kwa thukuta ndikosangalatsa kwambiri),
kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kupangidwa kwachilengedwe kwa androgens (kapena nthawi ya kusamba) ndikutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Kupanda kutero, Zizindikiro zake ndi zodziwika bwino:

mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
ludzu losalekeza
kukodza,
mtima wothamanga,
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
kulira kapena kutopa kwa nsonga za zala kapena zala,
zodandaula za kuyimitsidwa kolimba kwa khungu (chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa thupi kukaniza matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi).

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndi zakudya

Maziko osamalira matenda a shuga ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwonongeka kwa chidwi cha insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, kudya mwamphamvu kumalimbikitsidwa, komanso physiotherapy. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuti muthe kugaya chakudya.

Chakudyacho chikufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi zakudya zotsekemera. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya za Pevzner nambala 9 zimayikidwa, zomwe cholinga chake ndicho kutaya mafuta msanga komanso kuthamangitsa kagayidwe, kuphwanya mafuta. Mwatsatanetsatane pamfundoyi ayenera kufunsa wokhulupirira zakudya.

Mu magawo apamwamba a shugamwatsoka kukulitsa mochita kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulinzolimbikitsa kusokonekera kwachilengedwe kwa shuga. Izi zitha kupewedwa ndikukhazikitsa koyenera kwamayendedwe azachipatala pamlingo wa prediabetes.

Pazonse, matenda a shuga amachitika makamaka mwa amayi pambuyo pa zaka 30-35, koma mawonekedwe ake obadwa nawo amapezekanso (kawirikawiri). Nthawi zambiri atsikana athunthu amakhala ndi ntchito yayitali (okhala ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi). Kuti mupeze matenda omaliza, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist kuti akuthandizeni.

Munkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu ya mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga yomwe azimayi amayenera kuyang'anira mosamala mu nthawi yochitapo kanthu. Zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi matendawo. Kupatula apo, kupewa matenda kumakhala kosavuta nthawi zonse kuposa kuchiza pambuyo pake.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafala kwambiri masiku ano, koma osapha, ngati mutha kuyenderana ndi matenda otere. Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga kwa theka la umunthu ndi chiani? Kodi nchifukwa ninji kufufuza koteroko nthawi zina kumachitika?

Choyamba, matenda ashuga ndi owopsa chifukwa amawononga kagayidwe koyenera m'thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso zimakhudza ma capillaries amtima, omwe, pambuyo pake, amasiya "kupereka" magazi moyenera.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2 mwa akazi

Mtunduwu umaphatikizaponso matendawa, omwe samadziwika kwazaka zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mwa akazi achikulire. Zimawonetsedwa mu:

kutopa
kuchepa kwa masomphenya
kusokonezeka kukumbukira
chiwonetsero cha ludzu
kukodza pafupipafupi.

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kupweteka kumawoneka mwa akazi, omwe mwina samachiritsidwa. Anthu ena padakali pano ali ndi zisonyezo zochepa, kotero pamakhala chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima kapena stroko.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga achikazi zimawerengedwa:

kamwa yowuma
ludzu
kuwonda kapena kuchepa thupi
kukodza pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku
kufooka kwapafupipafupi ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito
khungu louma komanso mucous nembanemba
Zizindikiro zakunja pakhungu (ziphuphu, dermatopathy, lipomalosis, ndi zina).
Khungu
kuchepa kwamawonedwe
kusamba kwa msambo

Amayi ali ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira chomwe chimayenera kuwachenjeza akatswiri azamankhwala ndi ma venereologists. Ndikutanthauza kukhumudwa.

Zizindikiro za thrush mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi:

kuyamwa kosaletseka
redness ya perineum ndi vulva
kutulutsa kosaloledwa

Nthawi zambiri, madotolo amayesetsa kuchiritsa matenda osapweteka, chifukwa mwa odwala amayamba kubwereranso, ndipo zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikumachepetsa shuga m'magazi. Koma matenda ashuga sindiye chifukwa chokha chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mayi atenge matenda oyamba ndi maliseche.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga nthawi imeneyi nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwangozi. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiriyi, palinso anthu odwala matenda ashuga 3,4,5, komanso matenda a shuga omwe amatchedwa gestational kishuga, koma gawoli ndi losowa kwambiri.

Ngati mungazindikire kutopa kapena zizindikiro zina zofananira, onani shuga wanu wamagazi, ndipo ngati wakwezedwa, musazengereze kuchiza. Kukana kulandira chithandizo nthawi imodzi kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu, monga kulephera kwa impso, kutayika kwa miyendo chifukwa cha khungu ndi khungu.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa akazi

Lamulo lofunika kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa menyu ndi zakudya, ndipo pokhapokha mukamapewa kupewa zovuta ndikupeza zotsatira zoyenera.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya odwala matenda ashuga a 2 ali onenepa kwambiri, motero zakudya zake ziyenera kukhala zochepa m'mankhwala opatsa mphamvu kuti wodwalayo azikhala olimba komanso abwerere mwakale.

Lamulo lachiwiri ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya, mwanjira ina, odwala sayenera kuloleza kuchitika kwa postprandial hyperglycemia.

Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga akadzikoka yekha ndikuchepa, samangokwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu - kutsitsa shuga, komanso amachepetsa cholesterol ndikuwonjezera magazi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kudya zakudya zazing'ono pafupipafupi 5-6 patsiku, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi njala ndikukhazikitsa shuga. Chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimachepetsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amatha kudya katatu patsiku, kulandira zabwino zomwezo, koma zonsezi zimatengera umunthu wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga alibe thupi mopitirira muyeso, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuchepetsa zakudya zanu zopatsa mphamvu mu calorie, mumangofunika kuyang'ana shuga mumagazi - kuphatikiza zakudya zosafunikira komanso kukana kudya zakudya zosavuta zamthupi zomwe zimachitika.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, muyenera kutsatira dongosolo lazakudya:

Patsiku lomwe muyenera kudya chakudya nthawi 5-6, zazing'ono, zazing'ono, makamaka nthawi imodzi,
Ngati pakumva njala pakati pa chakudya chachikulu, muyenera kudya zakudya zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, apulo, kapu yamafuta ochepa,
Zakudya zomalizira siziyenera kupitirira 2 hours musanagone,
Osadumpha chakudya cham'mawa, chifukwa chithandiza kukhalabe ndi shuga mokhazikika tsiku lonse,
Kuletsedwa kumwa mowa, kumatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia (kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa shuga),
Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kukula kwama servings anu, chifukwa mbale iyi imagawika magawo awiri, masaladi, ma greens (okhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI) amayikidwa mu gawo limodzi m'mapuloteni second owonjezera ndi ma carbohydrate ovuta.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: Zizindikiro mwa akazi
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, mayeso ndi kuzindikira
Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, zotsatira zake
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 a akazi

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti madokotala amadodometsa kuti adziwe mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mu 90-95% ya odwala omwe adamupeza. Matendawa ndi ochulukirapo kuposa mtundu 1 wa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, awa atha kupezeka ndi 80 mwa 100%, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi onenepa kwambiri. Kulemera kochepa kwambiri ndi 20% yazovomerezeka zomwe zimadziwika. Adipose minofu odwala amapezeka owonjezera mu chifuwa ndi mkati mwa m'mimba. Mawonekedwe a wodwalayo amakhala ofanana ndi apulo ndipo amatchedwa kunenepa kwam'mimba.

Kuletsa zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti azichita zolimbitsa thupi) kumathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa, kwa maola angapo tsiku lonse. Izi ndizosavuta, chifukwa chotanganidwa ndi ntchito, pabanja kapena pagulu, koma machitidwe oterewa amathandiza odwala kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Ambiri, atapezeka kuti ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, amakana kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso kupewa kudya, ngakhale atadwala. Pali njira zoyenera zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mitsempha yamagazi kukhala mwanjira yanthawi zonse monga mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi akazi, ali oyenera pa msinkhu uliwonse.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: Zizindikiro mwa akazi

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga pakati pa akazi sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa amuna. Kupatula komwe kumatha kukhala matenda obwera pafupipafupi mu nyini kapena kutupa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa choti shuga wambiri m'magazi imakondanso kubala kwa bowa mthupi la mkazi. Mafangayi oyambitsidwa ndi mavutowa samangovutitsa mzimayi ndimakutu, komanso amayenda ndi kuyabwa kwanyini. Ndizovuta kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a m'magulu 2 kuti athe kuthana ndi thrush, chifukwa ndizovuta kuchiza.

Zizindikiro zodziwika pakati pa omwe ali ndi vuto lofooka la 2:

Udzu wambiri
Kukodza pafupipafupi,
Maonekedwe a matenda oyamba ndi fungus pamkamwa kapena m'miyendo,
Kuchepetsa mwadzidzidzi kapena mosavutikira, kukuchuluka,
Kutopa mwatsatanetsatane,
Kutaya kwamaso
Kugwira ntchito molakwika.

Katundu womaliza pakati pazizindikirozi pamwambapa nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa, ponena zaka, makamaka - izi sizolondola konse. Chizindikiro china cha matenda amtundu wa m'mimba 2 ndikuwonekera kwa mawanga amisala m'manja ndi kumaso, ndipo tsitsi ndi misomali imavutikanso chifukwa cha brittleness. Pankhaniyi, musasokoneze zizindikiritso za "zodzikongoletsera" ndi omwe ali ndi matendawa, mawonetsedwe awo sakhala obadwa mwa odwala nthawi zonse.

Musanazindikire misomali yochepetsera kapena mawanga amisinkhu, mkazi amamva zowawa zakuthupi:

Zofooka zooneka
Kutopa nthawi zonse
Ludzu losatha.

Mu kanema uyu, mutha kudziwa zambiri za zisonyezo za matenda ashuga mwa akazi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, mayeso ndi kuzindikira

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri: Zizindikiro mwa akazi, zotsatira zake

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 a akazi

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachinayi ya mankhwalawa pochiza:

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zotsika mtengo.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chamagulu omwera, zakudya zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimachitika mosangalatsa.
Zakudya zamagulu owonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuwonjezera mapiritsi apadera omwe adapangidwa ndi adokotala a matenda ashuga. Amathandizira kukulitsa chidwi cha thupi la mkazi kulowa insulin.
Ngati pali milandu yovuta komanso yosasiyidwa, ndiye kuti malangizo a dokotala okha ndi omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa.