Madokotala ochokera ku California ndi Boston adayambitsa mapiritsi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi a insulin - amathandizira kuperekera mankhwala othandizira pamafayilo amunthu, kuteteza mankhwalawa ku zotsatira za gastric system. Kutanthauzira kwa mapiritsiwo kumasindikizidwa mu magazini ya PNAS.

Masiku ano, anthu 340 miliyoni odwala matenda a shuga amakhala padziko lapansi. Ambiri aiwo amapanga majakisoni asanu ndi limodzi a insulin patsiku kuti akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa magazi mthupi. Chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa insulin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri sizachilendo, makamaka pakusintha kwa mtundu wina wa mankhwalawo. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, madokotala ayeserera mobwerezabwereza kupanga analogue yotetezeka ya insulin ndi formula yofananira yamankhwala, kapena njira yatsopano yobayira mahomoni m'thupi.

Chipolopolo cha piritsi latsopano la insulin lomwe limasakanizika mchere wina womwe mulibe madzi, koma umakhala ngati madzi chifukwa chadzisungunuka pang'ono, umateteza chinthu chogwira ku m'mimba acid. Ngati m'mimba membala wam'mapiritsi ateteza insulin ku madziwo, ndiye kuti m'matumbo masamba a alkalis amathe, ndikulola ma insulin kuchuluka.

Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a ionic amalola mamolekyulu a insulin kulowa mkati mwa khoma lamatumbo ndikuyenda m'magazi, amawakhazikitsa, kulola kuti mapiritsiwo achitepo kanthu kwa maola 12. Takonzekereratu kuti mapiritsi adzawonekera pamsika pakatha zaka zochepa, akamaliza mayesero azachipatala.

Madokotala ochokera ku California ndi Boston adayambitsa mapiritsi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi a insulin - amathandizira kuperekera mankhwala othandizira pamafayilo amunthu, kuteteza mankhwalawa ku zotsatira za gastric system. Kutanthauzira kwa mapiritsiwo kumasindikizidwa mu magazini ya PNAS.

Masiku ano, anthu 340 miliyoni odwala matenda a shuga amakhala padziko lapansi. Ambiri aiwo amapanga majakisoni asanu ndi limodzi a insulin patsiku kuti akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa magazi mthupi. Chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa insulin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri sizachilendo, makamaka pakusintha kwa mtundu wina wa mankhwalawo. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, madokotala ayeserera mobwerezabwereza kupanga analogue yotetezeka ya insulin ndi formula yofananira yamankhwala, kapena njira yatsopano yobayira mahomoni m'thupi.

Chipolopolo cha piritsi latsopano la insulin lomwe limasakanizika mchere wina womwe mulibe madzi, koma umakhala ngati madzi chifukwa chadzisungunuka pang'ono, umateteza chinthu chogwira ku m'mimba acid. Ngati m'mimba membala wam'mapiritsi ateteza insulin ku madziwo, ndiye kuti m'matumbo masamba a alkalis amathe, ndikulola ma insulin kuchuluka.

Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a ionic amalola mamolekyulu a insulin kulowa mkati mwa khoma lamatumbo ndikuyenda m'magazi, amawakhazikitsa, kulola kuti mapiritsiwo achitepo kanthu kwa maola 12. Takonzekereratu kuti mapiritsi adzawonekera pamsika pakatha zaka zochepa, akamaliza mayesero azachipatala.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za WHO, masiku ano padziko lapansi pali anthu pafupifupi 340 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga

Ambiri aiwo amakakamizidwa kutenga jakisoni awiri kapena ngakhale a66 patsiku kuti akhazikitse shuga. Insulin ndi mahomoni oopsa ndipo mankhwala ake osokoneza bongo chifukwa chosinthika kukhala chatsopano cha mankhwalawo amatha kuwononga kwambiri thanzi kapena ngakhale kufa chifukwa cha hypolycemia - kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magawo a shuga a magazi.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, asayansi akhala akuyesera mwakhama kuti apange analogue yotetezeka ya insulin, yomwe ili ndi fomula yofananira yamakina, kapena machitidwe oterowo pobweretsa mahomoni m'thupi omwe angateteze ku kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.

Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2013, akatswiri asayansi yachilengedwe ku America adapanga "jellyfish" yaying'ono yomwe imatha kubayidwa pakhungu, pomwe imatulutsa insulin pang'onopang'ono masiku angapo.

Madokotala ndi odwala omwe, monga Mitragotri amanenera, akhala akulakalaka kuti insulini ingatengedwe chimodzimodzi ndi aspirin kapena mapiritsi ena onse

Mpaka pano, izi sizinatheke, popeza madzi am'mimba ndi michere omwe amapukusa zakudya za mapuloteni adawola mamolekyulu ake asanatengeredwe ndi khoma lamatumbo.

Asayansi ochokera ku Harvard ndi University of California ku Santa Barbara adathetsa vutoli ndi zinthu ziwiri - chipolopolo chosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'mimba acid, komanso chinthu chapadera chomwe akatswiri azachipatala amachitcha "ionic fluid."

Mwa mawu awa, asayansi amamvetsetsa kusakaniza kwamchere wina, komwe kulibe molekyu imodzi yamadzi, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati madzi chifukwa cha kusungunuka kotsika kwambiri. Iwo, monga asayansi afotokozera, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mtundu wa zida "zamadzi" za insulin, zomwe zimateteza ku ma enzymes pakuyenda m'matumbo.

Chinsinsi cha ntchito yake, monga Mitragotri amafotokozera, ndikuti amachita mosiyana m'malo okhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a pH.

M'mimba "acidic", imakhalabe yokhazikika ndikuletsa madzi ake kuti asalowe mkati, ndipo m'matumbo "a alkaline", madzi a ionic amapindika pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga mamolekyulu a mahomoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a ionic, monga akuwonetsera poyesa pa mbewa, amathandiza ma molekyulu a insulini kudutsa zotchinga pakati pa khoma lamatumbo ndi magazi, ndikukhazikitsa ma mamolekyulu am'magazi, kulola kuti mapiritsi okhala pamunsi pake akhale pafupifupi maola 12 ndikusungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri mu khitchini yamankhwala ngakhale kutentha kwa chipinda.

Monga Mitragotri ndi mnzake akuyembekeza, magome awo apitilira magawo onse oyesedwa azachipatala komanso kuyesa nyama kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo adzawonekera m'mafakisi azaka zingapo zotsatira.

Chiyembekezo chachikulu cha izi chimaperekedwa chifukwa chakuti magawo awiri a madzi a ionic - vitamini B4 ndi geranium acid - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati zowonjezera chakudya, zomwe zimathandizira kuwopsa kwa mapiritsiwo.

Akatswiri azamankhwala a ku America amabwera ndi ma insulin makapisozi

Tsiku lililonse, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu umodzi amakakamizidwa kuti apange jakisoni wovuta kwambiri wa insulin kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu. Ogulitsa mankhwala akhala akulimbana ndi njira zofatsa zambiri zoperekera timadzi ta m'magazi, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti imodzi yapezeka.

Mpaka lero, ngakhale anthu omwe amawopa jakisoni adalibe njira ina iliyonse. Njira yabwino yothetsera mavutowa ndi kumwa mkaka wa insulin pakamwa, koma vuto lalikulu ndikuti insulin imaphwanya mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi madzi am'mimba komanso michere ya m'mimba. Asayansi kwa nthawi yayitali sakanatha kupanga chipolopolo chomwe insulin imatha kuthana ndi "zotchinga" zonse zamagaya ndikulowa m'magazi osasinthika.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, asayansi aku Harvard motsogozedwa ndi a Samir Mitragotri adatha kuthetsa vutoli. Zotsatira za ntchito yawo zidasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya US Academy of Sciences - PNAS.

Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale anatha kupanga piritsi, yomwe iwonso imayerekezera mogwirizana ndi kusinthasintha ndi kuthekera ndi mpeni wankhondo waku Swiss.

Insulin imayikidwa mu mankhwala omwe amisisitala amatcha "ionic fluid." Nthawi zambiri ilibe madzi, koma chifukwa chosungunuka kwambiri, imagwira ntchito ndikuwoneka ngati madzi. Mafuta a ionic amakhala ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana, organic phula choline (vitamini B4) ndi geranium acid. Pamodzi ndi insulin, imatsekeka nembanemba yosagwira asidi wam'mimba, koma kusungunuka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Pambuyo polowa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono popanda chipolopolo, madzi a ionic amakhala ngati chida cha insulin, kuwateteza ku michere ya m'mimba, ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, amathandizira kuti alowe m'mitsempha yamagazi kudzera m'makoma amtundu wa mucous ndi wandiweyani. Ubwino wina wowonekera wa makapisozi omwe ali ndi insulin mu ionic madzi ndikuti amatha kusungidwa kutentha kwanyumba kwa miyezi iwiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Asayansi akuwona kuti mapiritsi oterewa ndi osavuta komanso samatchipa kupanga. Kupatula kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kupanga jakisoni wovuta, mwina njira iyi yoperekera insulin ku thupi imakhala othandiza komanso yoyendetsedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti momwe njira yotsatsira shuga imalowa m'magazi ndi ionic madzi imafanana kwambiri ndi njira zachilengedwe zonyamula insulin zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kapamba kuposa jakisoni.

Maphunziro ochulukirapo pa zinyama ndipo pokhapokha pa anthu adzafunikira kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha mankhwalawo, komabe, opanga ali ndi chiyembekezo. Choline ndi geranic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale muzakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amazindikiridwa ngati osapweteka, ndiye kuti theka la ntchitoyo limachitika. Otsatsa akukhulupirira kuti mapiritsi a insulini adzagulitsidwa zaka zochepa.