Matenda a shuga: zomwe zili zoopsa, zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani? Maziko a matendawa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi madzi. Zotsatira zake, ntchito ya pancreatic imachepetsedwa. Ndiwo thupi lomwe limapangitsa kuti timadzi timene timapanga insulini.

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi insulin? Kupatula apo, ndi iye yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.

Hemeni ya insulin imakhudzidwa ndikupanga shuga. Pakalibe, thupi limatha kusintha shuga mu shuga. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera. Amachotseredwa ndi mkodzo wambiri.

Kufanana ndi njirayi, pali kuphwanya kagayidwe kamadzi. Matani satha kusunga madzi. Zotsatira zake, zochulukirapo zimachotseredwa ndi impso.

Ngati munthu ali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye ichi ndichizindikiro chachikulu chakuti thupi limakhudzidwa ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga.

Kuyankha kwa insulin pa shuga

Kodi insulini ndi chiani ndipo imagwirizana bwanji ndi shuga? Mu thupi la munthu, ma protein a beta amayambitsa kupanga mahomoni. Insulin imapatsa maselowo mu kuchuluka koyenera kwa shuga.

Kodi ndi vuto lotani lomwe limawonedwa mthupi ndi shuga wambiri? Pankhaniyi, insulini siyipangidwe mokwanira mthupi, mulingo wa shuga umakwezedwa, koma maselo amavutika ndi kusowa kwa shuga.

Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga. Kodi chilankhulo chophweka ndi chiyani? Maziko a matendawo ndikuphwanya njira za metabolic mthupi. Matendawa amatha kukhala cholowa komanso kukhala nacho.

Kuchokera pakusowa kwa insulin, khungu limakhudzidwa ndi ma pustule ang'onoang'ono, mkhalidwe wamkamwa ndi mano amawonda, ma atherosselotic plaques, angina pectoris amakula, kukakamizidwa, ntchito ya impso imalephereka, zovuta zamagulu amanjenje zimadziwika, kuwona kumachepa.

Etiology ya matenda

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga, chimawatsutsa ndi chiyani? Pathogenesis yamatendawa imatengera mtundu wamatenda. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu imasiyanitsidwa, yomwe imasiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale mu endocrinology yamakono kupatukana koteroko kuli kovomerezeka, mtundu wa matendawo ndi wofunikabe posankha chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muganizire mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse payokhapokha ndikuwunikira mawonekedwe ake.

Mulimonsemo, matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndi matenda oopsa. Mwazi wokwera m'magazi umatchedwa hyperglycemia.

Hulin insulini simalumikizana ndi zimakhala kwathunthu. Ndiye amene amatsitsa zomwe zili ndi glucose mthupi mwa kuzitengera maselo onse amthupi. Glucose ndi gawo lapansi lamagetsi lomwe limathandizira kuti thupi likhale ndi moyo.

Ngati mankhwalawo asweka, ndiye kuti glucose satenga nawo gawo pazomwe zimachitika ndipo amaphatikizidwa kwambiri m'magazi. Izi ndi njira zomwe zimayambira matenda ashuga.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti sikuti kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa shuga m'magazi ndi shuga yeniyeni. Matendawa amakwiya chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa zochita za insulin.

Kodi matenda a hyperglycemia ndi ati?

Hyperglycemia imatha kupezeka zotsatirazi:

• Pheochromocytoma. Ndi chotupa chofunikira mu gren adrenal, yomwe imathandizira kupanga ma insulin antagonist.
• Glucagonoma ndi somatostatinoma - kuchuluka kwa maselo akupanga omwe akupikisana ndi insulin.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa adrenal ntchito.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa chithokomiro (hyperthyroidism).
• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Kuphwanya kulekerera kwa chakudya chamafuta (kuchepetsedwa kwawo komwe kumatha kudya mutatha kudya mwachangu).
• Kudutsa hyperglycemia.

Kuthekera kopatula zinthu ngati izi kumachitika chifukwa chakuti hyperglycemia yotsatira ndi yachiwiri. Amachita ngati chizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, kuthetsa matenda omwe amayambitsa, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ngati kuphwanya kumawonedwa m'thupi kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti izi zimapereka chifukwa chofufuzira matenda monga matenda a shuga. Pankhaniyi, zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kayendedwe ka thupi mu thupi.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kuwonetseredwa kwamankhwala kumatenda kumadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono pazizitso zomwe zikuwatsogolera. Matenda a shuga sakonda kuthamanga pamagetsi, amayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kumadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kamwa yowuma
• ludzu losalekeza lomwe silingakhutitsidwe
• kukodza kwambiri,
• kuwonda mwadzidzidzi kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
• kuyabwa ndi khungu louma
• kapangidwe kazinthu kakang'ono pakhungu,
• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kutopa,
• kutuluka thukuta kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, madandaulo amenewa ndi mabelu oyamba kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikuwoneka, tikulimbikitsidwa kulumikizana nthawi yomweyo ndi endocrinologist.

Pamene matendawa akuchulukirachulukira, zinthu zitha kuchitika zomwe zimawononga ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati. Ndi chitukuko chovuta cha matendawa, ngakhale kuphwanya kwa chikumbumtima ndi poizoni kwambiri komanso kulephera kwamankhwala ambiri kumawonedwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani? Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa ndizosiyanasiyana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi izi:

• Zochokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo zinthu zina sizimachitika.
• Kulemera.
• Njira zingapo za pathological mu thupi zomwe zimathandizira kugonjetsedwa kwa mapuloteni a beta. Zotsatira zake, kupanga kwa insulin mthupi kumasokonekera.
• A chotupa cha kapamba, kapamba, matenda am'mimba a endocrine tiziwukitsa.
• Matenda opatsirana, mwachitsanzo, amawononga thupi ndi rubella, pox, hepatitis komanso ngakhale chimfine. Matendawa amatha kukhala ngati choyambitsa chitukuko, makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
• Kupsinjika kwa mantha. Matenda a kupsinjika amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a kapamba.

Kodi zaka zimafunikira

Kodi zaka zapaulendo zimathandizira pakukula kwa matenda monga matenda ashuga? Modabwitsa, yankho lake ndi labwino. Asayansi azindikira kuti zaka khumi zilizonse, chiopsezo chowonongeka ndi matenda chimadutsa kawiri. Komanso, matenda a shuga amatha kupezekanso ngakhale mu makanda.

Chifukwa chiyani pali mitundu iwiri yamatenda

Kusiyanaku ndikofunikira, chifukwa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa mwanjira imodzi.

Ukapitilira wa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali ukapitirira, kusiyanitsa kocheperako ndiko kugawa pang'ono. Ndi nthawi yayitali, chithandizo chomwecho chizichitika mosasamala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtunduwu umayambitsa kusowa kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ochepera zaka 40 okhala ndi thupi la asthenic amatha kugwidwa ndi matendawa. Njira ya matenda ashuga ndiyowopsa. Pofuna kuletsa matendawa, insulin ndiyofunikira. Cholinga chake ndikuti thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell a pancreatic.

Pamaso pa matenda a shuga 1, kuchira kwathunthu sikungatheke, ngakhale kuli kwina komwe kumakhala kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa ntchito ya pancreatic. Koma dziko lino limatheka pokhapokha ngati mukudya zakudya zina pogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe.

Kuti thupi likhalebe lolimba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin, omwe amaperekedwa ndi intramuscularly. Popeza insulin imakonda kuwonongeka m'matumbo am'mimba, kumwa mankhwala ngati mapiritsi sikothandiza. Hormoni imayendetsedwa ndi chakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zinazake. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga ndi chakudya zamafuta sizimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu pazakudya.

Type 2 shuga

Chifukwa chiyani shuga amatuluka? Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawo sizosowa insulini. Nthawi zambiri, matenda oterewa amakhudza anthu patatha zaka 40 omwe amakonda kwambiri kunenepa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo azitha kuzindikira insulin chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa michere mthupi.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin ya mahomoni sikugwira ntchito kwa wodwala aliyense. Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angasankhe njira yoyenera ya mankhwala ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, dziwani mtundu wa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku.

Choyamba, odwala oterewa amafunsidwa kuti awonenso zakudya zawo ndikutsatira zakudya zawo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira mosamalitsa zomwe dokotala akutsimikiza. Amalangizidwa kuti muchepetse thupi pang'ono (makilogalamu atatu pamwezi). Kulemera kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa moyo wonse, osalola kuti ziwonjezeke.

Ngati zakudya sizikuthandizani, mankhwala apadera amalembedwa kuti achepetse shuga, ndipo pokhapokha pochita kwambiri insulin amagwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'magazi zomwe zimayambitsa mthupi ndi insulin yambiri

Mokulirapo shuga wamagazi ndi matendawo omwewo, kumawonekera kwambiri. Zotsatira za matenda ashuga zitha kukhala zowopsa.

Njira zotsatirazi zam'magazi zimakhazikitsidwa kuti zimasule shuga wambiri ndi thupi:

• Glucose amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta, zomwe zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
• Glycolization wa mapuloteni am'mimba am'mimba amachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito onse mthupi la munthu.
• Njira yotulutsira shuga ya sorbitol imayatsidwa. Mchitidwewu umayambitsa mawonekedwe a poizoni omwe amawononga ma cell amitsempha. Ndiye maziko a matenda a shuga.
• Zida zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol panthawi ya glycosylation ya mapuloteni. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imayambitsa matenda ashuga a mkati ndi m'maso, komanso angiopathy yam'munsi.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti ziwalo zamkati zilowe m'magazi a dongosolo limodzi.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Ati Aakulu

• kuwonongeka kowoneka,
• migraines ndi zina magwiridwe antchito amanjenje,
• kupweteka mumtima,
• kukulitsa chiwindi
• kupweteka ndi dzanzi m'zigawo zotsikirapo,
• kuchepa kwa khungu kumapazi,
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• Fungo la acetone kuchokera kwa wodwala,
• kulephera kudziwa.

Kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za matenda ashuga kuyenera kukhala chizindikiro cha alamu. Mawonekedwe oterewa akuwonetsa kukula kwamatenda ndikuwongolera kwake kosakwanira kudzera mu mankhwala.

Mavuto a shuga

Matendawa pawokha sikuwaopseza moyo wa munthu. Choopsa chachikulu ndizovuta zake. Kuyenera kudziwika ena a iwo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Choyipa chachikulu ndikutaya chikumbumtima kapena kulowererapo kwa wodwalayo. Wodwala wotere amayenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Vuto lalikulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi ketoacidotic. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa poizoni m'zinthu za metabolic zomwe zimawononga maselo amitsempha. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha chikomokere ndi kununkhira kwa acetone mukapuma. Kuzindikira mu mkhalidwe uno kumadetsedwa, wodwalayo amakutidwa thukuta lalikulu. Poterepa, pali kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha insulin yambiri. Mitundu ina ya kukomoka ndiyosowa kwambiri.

Kufatsa kumatha kukhala konkuno komanso kokwanira. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chisonyezo cha vuto laimpso. Ngati edema imadziwika ndi asymmetry, ndipo imafalikira pa mwendo umodzi kapena phazi, ndiye kuti njirayi ndi umboni wa diabetesic microangiopathy yam'munsi yotsika yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi neuropathy.

Kupsyinjika kwa ma systolic ndi diastolic kumawonetseranso kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Ndikothekanso kuwona momwe zinthu ziliri m'njira ziwiri. Poyamba, chidwi chimakokera ku chisonyezo cha kukakamizidwa kwathunthu. Kuchulukaku kukuwonetsa njira yodwala ya matenda ashuga nephropathy. Ndi kuphatikizika uku, impso zimatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Komabe, kutsika kwa zotengera mu ziwiya ndi malekezero ochepa kumadziwika. Njirayi imatsimikiziridwa panthawi yopanga mawu. Zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa angiopathy am'munsi.

Kupweteka m'miyendo ndichizindikiro cha kukula kwa matenda ashuga angio-kapena neuropathy. Microangiopathy imadziwika ndi ululu panthawi yolimbitsa thupi komanso kuyenda.

Maonekedwe a ululu usiku amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba. Monga lamulo, izi zimadziwika ndi dzanzi ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi. Odwala ena amatha kumva kutentha kwapadera m'malo ena mwendo kapena phazi.

Zilonda za trophic ndi gawo lotsatira la matenda ashuga angio- ndi neuropathy pambuyo ululu. Maonekedwe a mabala omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phazi la matenda ashuga amasiyanasiyana. Pa milandu iliyonse, njira za chithandizo cha munthu aliyense zimaperekedwa. Panthawi yovuta, zizindikilo zazing'ono kwambiri ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa zimatengera ngati nthambi ya wodwalayo yasungidwa.

Zilonda za neuropathic zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha mapazi motsutsana ndi maziko a neuropathy okhala ndi vuto la phazi. Pa nsonga zazikulu zakukangana m'malo a mafupa a protrusion chimanga chimapangidwa chomwe sichimva odwala. Hematomas amadzuka pansi pawo, momwe mafinya amasonkhana mtsogolo. Phazi limayamba kusokoneza munthu pokhapokha kutupa ndi mawonekedwe a zilonda zake.

Gangrene nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga angiopathy. Pankhaniyi, sitima zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zimakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imakhala pamalo amalo chala chimodzi. Ngati magazi amasokonezeka, kupweteka kowoneka bwino kumapazi, ndiye kuti redness imachitika. Popita nthawi, khungu limakhala kuti limawala, limayamba kuzizira komanso kutupa, kenako limakutidwa ndi matuza okhala ndi mitambo komanso khungu lakuda necrosis.

Kusintha kotereku sikuchiritsidwa. Pankhaniyi, kudula kukuwonetsedwa. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi dera la shin.

Momwe mungapewere kukula kwa zovuta

Kupewa kwa zovuta kumakhazikitsidwa pakuzindikira matendawa ndi chithandizo chake choyenera. Dokotala ayenera kukonzekera chithandizo choyenera, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira malangizo mosamalitsa.

Zomwe zili m'munsi kwambiri m'matenda a shuga zimafuna chisamaliro choyenera tsiku lililonse. Ngati zowonongeka zikapezeka, pitani kuchipatala msanga.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Tsoka ilo, sizotheka kuteteza matendawa nthawi zonse. Kupatula apo, nthawi zambiri choyambitsa chimakhala cha genetics ndi ma virus omwe amapatsira munthu aliyense.

Mwanjira yosiyaniratu, matendawa amawunika pamaso pa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi moyo wolakwika.

Pankhaniyi, njira zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika ngati njira zodzitetezera:

• Matenda a kulemera
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• carb wotsika, zakudya zamafuta ochepa
• zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.

Pomaliza

Ndiye, shuga ndi chiyani? Matendawa ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu thupi.

Kuchiritsa kwathunthu ndikosatheka. Chosiyana ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Poletsa izi, zakudya zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiopsezo chobwererenso kumatenda omwe amaphwanya regimen ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Kugawika kwa masinthidwe ndi zizindikiro

Mlingo wa glucose mu shuga umakwera chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Ngati njirayi imachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka proinsulin chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic, matendawa amatchulidwa ngati matenda a shuga 1. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu osakwana zaka 25.. Imadziwulula ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• ludzu lalikuru ndi chidwi chambiri,
• Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
• Nthawi zambiri kukodza
• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• Khungu.

Mwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi minyewa yambiri ya adipose, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kumachitika, koma mayankho a metabolic ku insulin amakhala operewera, ndipo "vuto lakelo" limachitika. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Zimawopseza kwambiri anthu okalamba. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zake sizabwino kwambiri mwakuti munthu sangadziwe matenda ake. Komabe, muyenera kulabadira izi:

• kutopa
• kuchepa kwa masomphenya
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
• ululu poyenda
• kupweteka kwakanthawi kwa akazi.

Theka la odwala omwe ali m'migawo yoyambirira yazizindikiro alibe. Koma kenako vuto la mtima mwadzidzidzi, sitiroko, matenda a impso, kapena kulephera kuwona. Zaka khumi zilizonse, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumawonjezera, motero muyenera kuwona dokotala pazowonetsera koyamba.

Mwina mavuto

Choyamba, matenda ashuga ndi owopsa ndimavuto omwe amatha kupezeka m'masiku ochepa kapena maola angapo kapena kukulira kwa miyezi ndi zaka. Poyambirira, amadziwika kuti ali pachimake, chachiwiri - mochedwa. Chilichonse mwazomwe zimachitika ndikuwonjezereka kwa glucose wamagazi ndi zovuta zama metabolic mu minofu zomwe zalephera kutengera monosaccharide.

Zovuta

Popeza minofu imagwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi a shuga, kuwonjezereka kwa catabolism yamafuta ndi mapuloteni kumachitika. Zinthu zomwe zimapanga metabolism yawo yapakati zimadziunjikira m'magazi, chifukwa cha izi ketoacidosis imayamba, yomwe imasokoneza ntchito zofunika kwambiri za thupi.

Kukwezeka kwa magazi ndi saccharide kumawonjezera kukakamiza kwake, chifukwa choti madzi ambiri ndi ma electrolyte amatayika mkodzo. Chifukwa cha izi, ziwalo zambiri komanso minyewa yambiri imavutika, nephropathy, neuropathy, ophthalmopathy, micro- ndi macroangiopathy, komanso matenda a shuga. Njira yolerera imakhudzidwanso, amuna amatha kukumana ndi kusabereka, amayi omwe ali ndi osabereka.

Kupanikiza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndimankhwala kumatha kuchepetsa shuga mpaka 3,3 mmol / L kapena kuchepera. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala chiopsezo cha moyo - hypoglycemia, yomwe imatha kuthana ndi kumwa yankho la shuga, kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, kubayirira kukonzekera kwa glucagon mu minofu kapena mu mtsempha wokhala ndi 40% shuga. Pomaliza, jakisoni wa thiamine amafunikiranso kupewa kuphipha kwa minyewa yam'deralo.

Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, lactic acid imakhazikika m'magazi, ndipo kufanana kumasunthira kumbali ya acidic. Potengera maziko a kusakwanira kwa ziwalo zina ndikusowa kwa mpweya wabwino kumisempha, asidi amadziunjikira mu minofu, ma microcirculation amasokonezeka. Zotsatira zake ndi lactic acidosis. Wodwala amakhala ndi chikumbumtima chamdima, samatha kupuma bwinobwino, kupanikizika kwake kumatsika, kukodza ndikovuta. Vutoli mu 70% ya milandu limatha muimfa, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu. Wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira yovomerezeka ya 2% ya koloko ndipo amathandizidwa kuchipatala.

Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa, ndipo wodwalayo amalekerera matenda opatsirana moyipa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo.

Matenda a shuga

Kuyima pambali ndi zinthu ngati chikomokere, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin. Ndizotsatira zazotsatira ziwiri:

• ketoacidosis yochokera pakuwonjezereka kwa acidity ndikugwiritsa ntchito kosakwanira kwa matupi a ketone omwe amapangidwa ndi chiwindi poyankha kufa ndi tulo timene timadalira insulin yomwe singathe kugwiritsa ntchito shuga,
• lactic acidosis, ikukula chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zamagulu a zamisempha.

Coma samakula nthawi yomweyo. Tsiku loti apite, wodwalayo amayamba kudwala, kukamwa mouma, ludzu, kusowa kwa chakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu, mpaka wodwala matenda ashuga asadagonere ndipo sanataye chikumbumtima.

Ngati izi zidachitikabe, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi, ndikugoneka kuti wodwalayo asakhale wovuta. Kufika akatswiri apeza matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga ndi izi:

• youma, ofunda pakhungu lakukhudza
• Fungo la maapulo kapena ma acetone ochokera mkamwa,
• zolimba ofooka
• kuchepetsedwa kupanikizika
• nsidze zofewa.

Wodwalayo adzapatsidwa njira yolumikizira shuga ndikuyipereka kumalo osamalira odwala kwambiri. Kukomoka kumatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Anthu ena amakhala zaka makumi angapo mmenemo, koma osachisiya.

Zilonda zam'mbuyo

Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi oopsa ndi retinopathy. Ili ndi dzina la kuwonongeka kwa retinal, limodzi ndi zotupa, edema, ndikupanga zombo zatsopano. Ngati matenda a pathological akukhudza fundus, ma retina adzatulutsa. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwameso kwa odwala matenda ashuga okalamba komanso okalamba.

Kuphulika kwa mtima kukhathamira, kuwonjezeka kwa kusokonekera kwawo, chizolowezi cha thrombosis ndi atherosclerosis pamapeto pake kumayambitsa angiopathy. Hyperglycemia mu matenda a shuga imabweretsa zovuta za metabolic m'mitsempha. Izi zimawopseza polyneuropathy mu mawonekedwe a kutayika kwa kupweteka komanso kutentha kwa kutentha, chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo amavulala mosavuta.

Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mafuta mu minofu amakhudza ziwalo zotsatirazi:

• Impso: albumin imachotsedwamo mkodzo, proteinuria imachitika, kenako kulephera kwa impso,
• Maso: kufukiza kwa mandala kumachitika, ndipo khungu limayamba msanga.

Kuphatikiza pa kuperewera kwa metabolism, microcirculation imachitika molakwika, ischemic necrosis imawonetsedwa ndi arthropathy yokhala ndi ululu wolumikizika komanso kusuntha pang'ono. Kusintha kwa maatomiki ndi kachitidwe kumatha kuchitika kumapazi. Njira zoyipa za purulent necrotic mmenemo, zilonda zam'mimba komanso zotupa za m'mimba zimawonjezera matenda am'magazi a shuga, omwe muzochitika zapamwamba amafunika kudula. Matenda a shuga amakhalanso oopsa chifukwa amavulaza thanzi la psyche. Chifukwa cha izo, kusintha kwamkati kosinthika kumawonedwa, kukhumudwa, zovuta zamavuto zimachitika, encephalopathy imapezeka.

Komanso, motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga, omwe amawononga thupi ndikusintha kapangidwe ka magazi, matenda opatsirana amatha. Zaka makumi ambiri zakusowa kwazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuwala kwawo kumapangidwa pang'ono, ndipo makhoma amayamba kuvomerezedwa ndi michere. Minofu imasowa okosijeni ndi thanzi, motsutsana ndi izi, sitiroko, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima amatha. Kuperewera kwa magazi pakhungu kumayambitsa maonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe pambuyo pake zimayambitsa matenda. Kuyika kusintha kwakukulu, mphamvu yamanjenje imadziwoneka ngati kufooka kosalekeza m'miyendo ndi kupweteka kosatha.

Njira zochizira

Matenda a shuga ndi owopsa, motero muyenera kuyamba kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake. Kuchulukitsa kwa mkodzo, vuto lakudya, kuchepa thupi kuyenera kukhala kowopsa ndipo iyenera kukhala nthawi yodziwitsa mulingo wa monosaccharide m'magazi ndikuyesa mayeso ololera a glucose. Ngati kutsika kwa glucose ndi glycohemoglobin kuli kwakukulu, shuga amapezeka mumkodzo, ndipo acetone amapezekanso, matenda a shuga amapezeka.

Monga gawo la mankhwalawo, zizindikiro zamatenda zimachotsedwa, kuwongolera kwa metabolic kumachitika, miyeso imatengedwa kuteteza zovuta ndipo cholinga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti moyo wabwino. Wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mankhwala, kutsatira zakudya zapadera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudziletsa nthawi zonse.

Mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala a hypoglycemic

Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda, zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism zimalipiridwa ndi insulin mankhwala, momwe munthu amakakamizika kubaya ma hormone tsiku lililonse. Njira yochizira imasankhidwa ndi dokotala atayang'anitsitsa mosalekeza ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mlingo wamba ndi magawo 0.5-1 pa kilogalamu imodzi patsiku.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, muyezo uwu sufunikira nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa glucose ndikuwonjezera kukhudzika kwa minofu kumadzi a insulin (metmorphine, rosiglitazone), komanso mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa katulutsidwe wa mahomoni (vildagliptin, glibenclamide). Ma enzymine am'mimba omwe amawononga chakudya chamaguluchuchucia amalepheretsa acarbose, ndipo mafuta a metabolism amakhala ngati fenofibrate.

Kudya

Kulipira kwathunthu kwa kagayidwe kazakudya sikungatheke popanda chakudya. Komanso, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kulandira mankhwalawa ndipo mutha kuchita popanda mankhwala poyambira matenda a shuga 2. Zakudya zopanda pake ndizowopsa ndi mtundu woyamba, chifukwa zimatha kubweretsa kukomoka ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

Pazakudya zoyenera za matenda, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zakudya. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta ovuta omwe amalowa m'thupi amalamulidwa mokhazikika. Amayezedwa m'magawo a mkate (1XE = 10-12 g ya chakudya cham'madzi = 20-25 g ya mkate). Asanagwiritse ntchito, wodwala matenda ashuga amafufuza kuchuluka kwa mkate mu tebulo yapadera pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera. Kwa tsiku amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuchokera 12 mpaka 25 XE, koma pachakudya chimodzi kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 7. Mowa umaphatikizidwa.

Zakudya zonse zimadyedwa patsiku ziyenera kulembedwa mu diary yapadera. Izi zimathandizira kuwerengera ndipo zimaloleza kuwonongeka kuti utenge mwachangu mlingo woyenera wa insulin kapena mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Opaleshoni ya metabolism

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoletsa, matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Koma opaleshoni yokhala ndi mwayi wambiri amatha kupulumutsa munthu ku matenda ashuga a 2. Opaleshoniyo imakhala ndi chapamimba ndi biliopancreatic shunting, momwe malo ochepa amapangidwira kumtunda kwa m'mimba, omwe ali ndi pafupifupi ma-cubic centimeter a chakudya cholimba. Chakudya chimadutsa kwambiri m'mimba ndi jejunum.

Chifukwa cha kulowererapo, kulemera kwa thupi kumachepa, chakudya sichidutsa mu duodenum, koma imatumizidwa kwa ileum, mucosa yomwe imabisala peptide chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga insulin komanso kukula kwa maselo a pancreatic. Mu milandu ya 80−98%, izi zimabweretsa kuchira.

Njira zopewera

Kupewa kwamavuto, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga, kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kukonza kwake ndi mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira, komanso ndi lipid-kuchepetsa mankhwala. Zotsirizirazi zimaphatikizanso kumwa mankhwala omwe amawongolera ma triglycerides otsika komanso ochepa ma lipoproteins, omwe amachepetsa kupitilira kwa matenda a ischemic, kuwonongeka kwa retina ndi mitsempha. Ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zazikulu, izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi fenofibrate.

Moyo wapamwamba kwambiri kwa odwala ndiwotheka pokhapokha kuyang'anira mawonetseredwe, chithandizo, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndi kuwonongeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda ashuga panthawi ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a dokotala.