Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga: zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Mwa shuga mellitus ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuphwanya kosinthana kwa madzi ndi chakudya, zomwe zidali zotsatira za kusintha kwa kapamba, kapangidwe ka insulin. Matendawa atha kupezedwa komanso kulandira cholowa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin ndi shuga wambiri, wodwalayo amadwala zilonda zapakhungu, matenda oopsa, kulephera kwaimpso, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amatchedwa kudalira insulin, mtundu uwu wa matendawa umakhudza odwala ang'onoang'ono, ana. Matendawa amakula pamene thupi la munthu liyamba kupanga ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell a pancreatic. Palibe chovuta kuchira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba; thanzi labwino limatha kupitilizidwa chifukwa cha jakisoni wa insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga osadalira insulin, matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu onenepa pambuyo pa zaka 40. Zifukwa zake ziyenera kufunidwa pakuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa michere. Chithandizo cha odwala chotere chimayamba ndi chakudya, matenda a kunenepa kwambiri. Ngati zakudya sizikwanira, muyenera kuyambitsa maphunziro ochepetsa shuga. Insulin tikulimbikitsidwa mwapadera.

Zizindikiro zakale za matenda ashuga zimadziwika ndi njira yomwe imakhalapo pang'onopang'ono, matenda omwe amadzidziwikitsa nthawi zambiri. Wodwala ayambe kumva kupweteka pakamwa, kufooka kwa minofu, thukuta kwambiri. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo:

kumverera kwa ludzu
kukodza kwambiri pafupipafupi,
kuyabwa pakhungu,
kuyanika
makonzedwe amachitidwe a pustular mu minofu yofewa,
kuchiritsa kwamabala.

Matendawa akamakula, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimayamba, zimakhudza ziwalo zonse zofunika zamkati. Milandu yayikulu, moyo wowopsa, chikumbumtima chovuta, kuledzera kwambiri, kulephera kwamankhwala angapo kumachitika.

Zovuta zazikulu za matenda ashuga ndizowonongeka, kupweteka mutu, kupsinjika kwa mutu, dzanzi, kupweteka kwamiyendo, kusinthika kwa magazi, kuwonjezeka kwa magazi, kupweteka kwa mtima, komanso kukula kwa chiwindi.

Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda a shuga, matendawa amakhala ngati chizindikiro chopita patsogolo, kusakwanira kwa matenda ake.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chiyani? Zofunikira kwambiri ndizobadwa nawo, kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a kapamba (khansa, kapamba). Nthawi zambiri zoyambira ku hyperglycemia ndimatenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda, mwachitsanzo, miliri ya hepatitis, fuluwenza, rubella, nthomba.

Anthu ambiri amadwala matenda ashuga pambuyo pamavuto amphamvu, mantha amanjenjemera. Chowonjezera ndi zaka, chifukwa zaka khumi zilizonse zovuta zamatenda zimachulukanso.

Mndandanda wazomwe zimayambitsa siziphatikizapo matenda omwe hyperglycemia ndi yachiwiri, ndi chizindikiro chabe. Pankhaniyi, shuga wokwera sawoneka ngati chiwonetsero cha shuga weniweni.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 ndi chiyani? Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi njira za autoimmune pomwe:

thupi limatulutsa ma cell kuma cell ake.
Mlingo wa insulini ya mahomoni mu nkhani iyi umachepa mpaka kuthetseka kwathunthu kwa katulutsidwe.

Madotolo akutsimikiza kuti choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda amtundu woyamba ndicho chibadwidwe chabadwa. Ngati mmodzi wa makolo ali ndi matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo cha mwana kudwala chimakulanso. Koma pali nthawi zina pomwe matenda ashuga amakula mwa ana ngati adadyetsedwa mkaka wa ng'ombe.

Matenda a shuga omwe adayikidwa mumtunduwu sangachitike ngati palibe zinthu zowonjezera: ntchito yokhala pansi, kupsinjika kwamanjenje, kudya kopanda thanzi, kusowa lamulo loyenda moyenda.

Makina oyambitsa matenda ashuga ndi ntchito yochulukirapo ya maselo amtundu wa T, kuphwanya chitetezo, chitetezo cham'magazi. Munthu akalemedwa ndi chibadwa, kachilomboka kangakhale chiyambi cha matenda ashuga.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amatha kuyambitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, kuchuluka kwa insulini yotulutsidwa ndi maselo a kapamba amakhalabe mkati momwe muliri. Komabe, minyewa yake imakhala yogonjetsedwa ndi mahomoni; kusowa kwa michere yamkati kumayambitsa kukayika kwa glucose.

Chifukwa cha kukana kwa zotumphukira zimakhala ndi insulin, munthu amadwala insulinism, yomwe imayambitsanso:

kutsika kwa ziwerengero,
kukula kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amayambitsidwa ndi kudya kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa minyewa ya adipose. Mafuta, mosiyana ndi minofu ya minofu, amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulini, chifukwa chake pamakhala shuga wambiri m'magazi.

Malinga ndi mawerengero, pomwe kulemera kwa munthu kuli pamwamba pa 50 peresenti, kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga mwa iye kumafika pomwepo mpaka 70%. Kulemera mopitirira 20% kumayambitsa hyperglycemia pafupifupi 30% yamilandu.

Kuchokera pakuwona momwe matenda ashuga amvekera, zimakhala zowopsa ngati cholembera chaumunthu chikaposa 30 kg / sq.m, madipoziti am'mimba amakhala m'chiwonekedwe, mawonekedwe a thupi amakhala ngati apulo. Chosafunikanso kwambiri ndi momwe chiuno chimayendera, mwayi wa shuga ukuwonjezeka ndikuzungulira:

azimayi opitirira 88 cm
mwa amuna opitilira 102 cm.

Komabe, ngakhale atakhala ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino, munthu amatha kudwala, pafupifupi 8% ya anthu okhala padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino amadwala matendawa.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mankhwala ena amakhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, mankhwala amakhumudwitsa matenda ashuga: antitumor, diuretic. Mankhwala a Glucocorticosteroid, komanso mankhwala ena motsutsana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, amatha kuyambitsa hyperglycemia.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatha kuchitika pakatha nthawi yayitali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mphumu, matenda a Crohn ndi zovuta zina zaumoyo.

Nthawi zambiri, zowonjezera zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi selenium yayitali zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Pakakhala kukayikira kwamatenda, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kapena kukana matenda ake msanga. Pachifukwa ichi, maphunziro angapo a labotale amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

kudya glycemia,
kuyesedwa kwa shuga
kusanthula kwa mkodzo kudziwa maselo oyera, mapuloteni, shuga,
kutsimikiza kwa mbiri ya glycemic,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa acetone.

Amawonetsedwanso kuti apereke magazi mpaka kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated, izi ndizofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zosokoneza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wamitundu iwiri, adokotala ali ndi mwayi wowona kuyenera kwa kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi.

Woopsa matendawa, kusanthula kwa magazi kwa magazi kumachitika, mothandizidwa ndi mayeso a Reberg, mulingo wa insulin ya insulin m'thupi imatsimikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wamikhalidwe ya fundus, ultrasound yam'mimba, impso, mtima, ECG, ultrasound dopplerography, mtima rheovasography, capillaroscopy.

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuonana ndi madokotala mosalephera:

dokotala wa opaleshoni
endocrinologist
dokotala wamanjenje
dokotala wamaso
mtima.

Kuti muwone bwino kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuchita njira yonse yodziwira matenda, kumakupatsaninso mwayi wosankha njira zoyenera. Ndikofunika kuunikanso mozama pakapita kanthawi kuti muwone kuyesedwa kwa chithandizo chomwe chikuchitika.

Zolemba zamadigiri osiyanasiyana a shuga

Matenda a shuga odwala matenda oyamba amakhala ndi vuto labwino kwambiri, chithandizo chilichonse chimayenera kuyeserera. Pankhaniyi, matendawa amakulipiridwa kwathunthu, glycemia sapitilira 6-7 mmol / l, glucose sachotsedwa mu mkodzo, proteinuria ndi hemoglobin ya glycated sapitirira malire ovomerezeka.

Palibe zizindikiro za zovuta mu chithunzi cha chipatala: nephropathy, angiopathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, polyneuropathy. Kukwaniritsa izi kumathandiza kudya, mankhwala ena.

Ndi matenda a shuga a kuopsa kwachiwiri, tikulankhula kale za kubwezeretsa pang'ono kwa hyperglycemia, pali zizindikiro zowonongeka kwa ziwalo: impso, mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, mtima, komanso malekezero otsika. Mitengo ya shuga simachulukitsidwa kwambiri - kawirikawiri 7-10 mmol / l, palibe michere ya glucose mkodzo. Glycated hemoglobin idzakhalabe yopanda malire kapena ichulukitsidwa pang'ono, palibe zolakwika zazikulu kuchokera kumbali ya ziwalo zamkati.

Ngati matendawa apita gawo lachitatu, uwu ndi umboni wa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika komanso kuchepa kwa kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala:

shuga wamagazi amakwera mpaka 13-14 mmol / l,
shuga ndi mapuloteni amawoneka mkodzo,
pali zotupa za ziwalo zomwe mukufuna.

Vishu acuity amachepetsa mwachangu, matenda oopsa amayenda kwambiri, mphamvu zakutsogolo zikugwera, tasiya kuzimiririka.

Kukula kwachinayi kwa shuga kumadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kotheratu kwa matendawa, komwe kumayambitsa chitukuko chachikulu. Glucose imakwera kwambiri, pomwe izi sizingatheke kusintha. Wodwala amadwala matenda opweteka kwambiri, kufooka kwa impso, komanso zilonda zam'mimba.

Chitsimikizo china cha matenda ashuga akuchuluka kwachinayi ndi chiyembekezo cha matenda ashuga othamanga: ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo, zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga enieniwo sawopseza moyo wa anthu, zotulukapo zake komanso zovuta zake zimakhala zowopsa. Ena mwa iwo amakula nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, chikomokere. Zizindikiro zakuchenjezera ziyenera kukhala cholepheretsa munthu komanso kusefukira kwa chikumbumtima chake. Wodwala amayenera kupita kuchipatala mofulumira.

Khofi wovuta kwambiri wodwala matenda ashuga ndi ketoacidotic, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zama metabolic. Njira ya pathological iyi imatha kukayikiridwa ndi fungo labwino la acetone kuchokera pamlomo wamkamwa. Wodwalayo amatuluka thukuta kwambiri, chizindikiritso cha glucose cholembedwa, chimakwiya chifukwa cha insulin yambiri.

Vuto linanso litakhala lofala kapena la edema yakwanuko, limayendetsedwa ndi kulephera mtima. Chizindikiro ichi chimawonetsedwa ngati chisonyezo cha kuuma kwa kupweteka kwa impso, kulimba kwambiri kwa nephropathy, kutchuka kwambiri kwa edema. Pamene kutupa ndi asymmetric, kumangokhala phazi, m'munsi mwendo, adokotala azikayikira matenda ashuga osokoneza bongo kumbuyo kwa neuropathy.

Vuto linanso la matenda ashuga ndi mavuto obwera ndi magazi:

ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga a m'mimba amayamba,
ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda am'mimba a shuga amadziwika.

Mu matenda a shuga, wodwalayo amadwala ululu waukulu m'malo otsika. Kupweteka kwa usiku kumawonetsa matenda a shuga, kusapeza bwino mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda ndi chizindikiro cha microangiopathy.

Matenda a shuga ndichinthu chomwe chimakwiyitsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba ndi gawo lotsatira la neuro- ndi angiopathy. Dokotala amayenera kuwunika bwinobwino mawonetseredwe onse, popeza kutha kupulumutsa mkono wodwala kumatengera izi. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kukomoka kwa zilonda zam'mimba za neuropathic, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha mwendo.

Ngati chithandizo sichikupereka chifukwa kapena kulibeko kwathunthu, mitengo ikuluikulu komanso yaying'ono imakhudzidwa, ndipo wodwala matenda ashuga amatenga gangrene. Nthawi zambiri, njira ya pathological imayamba kuchokera kumapazi kumapazi, kutuluka kwa magazi mpaka kumapazi kumayima, kumayamba kupweteka, kusandulika kufiyira. Pambuyo pake, khungu limakhala:

Posakhalitsa, khungu limakutidwa ndi matuza okhala ndi mawanga akuda ndi mitambo. Kusintha kumeneku sikosintha, palibe njira yopulumutsira dzanja lanu lomwe lakhudzidwa, njira yokhayo yopulumutsira moyo wa wodwalayo ndikudula mwendo.

Ndikofunika kuti muzitsitsa pang'ono kwambiri, komabe, kugwira ntchito kumapazi sikubweretsa zotsatira, chifukwa chake, kudula kwa shin ndizabwino kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala amabwezeretsa kuyenda pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell apamwamba kwambiri.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Sikuti milandu iliyonse imaletsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga, makamaka mtundu woyamba wa matenda, chifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda zimayenderana ndi genetic, ma virus ochepa. Ndizodziwika kuti matenda ashuga, ngakhale atakhala opanda cholowa, samakhala mwa anthu onse.

Ngakhale kuti matenda ashuga amapezeka kawirikawiri kwa ana omwe anali akuyamwitsa komanso achikulire omwe amachiza matenda opuma ndi ma antiviral othandizira, njira izi sizitchedwa kudziletsa kwa hyperglycemia. Chifukwa chake, njira zogwira mtima zopewera matenda a shuga 1 zilipo.

Komabe, munthu akhoza kudalira kupewa matenda a mtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa matendawa ndi omwe amakhalanso ndi moyo wopanda chifukwa. Kodi njira zabwino zopewera matenda a hyperglycemia pamenepa ndi ziti?

Kupewa kwathunthu kudzakhala:

kulemera masanjidwewo
kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi, kagayidwe kachuma,
kudya okhwima
zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.

Chakudya chama protein ambiri, masamba abwino ndi zipatso ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, akuwonetsedwa kuti atenge mavitamini ndi michere mineral. Popewa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza lipoic acid.

Amawonetsedwanso kukana m'malo mwa shuga ndi zinthu zofananira, kubetcha pazokoma zachilengedwe: stevia, Yerusalemu artichoke. Simakoma ngati shuga wokhazikika, koma osakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi thupi la munthu.

Kupewa mavuto ndi kutsimikizika kwamatenda kumaphatikizapo chithandizo choyambirira komanso chokwanira. Dokotala amafunikira kuti akhale ndi chidziwitso chodziwikiratu pazinthu zonse zomwe amathandizira matendawa, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo azachipatala ndi zakudya.

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse zam'munsi, kuzisamalira kuti zisawononge khungu. Pothana ndi mavuto ndi miyendo, zimasonyezedwa kufunafuna dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe? Ndizovuta kwambiri kuyankha funso lomwe lafunsidwa, chifukwa ma cell a beta a kapamba amafa, ndipo sizotheka kuzikonzanso. Kupatula mitundu yokhayo ya shuga yomwe ingakonzedwe ndi kusintha zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndikofunikira kuwongolera zizindikiro za glycemia, izi ndizomwe zimathandizira pochizira. Mankhwala omwe amakhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse amakhala amoyo wonse:

sinthani mitundu ya mankhwala
Mlingo wawo.

Anthu ena amati adatha kuchotsa zamatsenga chifukwa chamasala kudya.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mwayi wobwereza matendawa udakali wambiri. Dokotala wovomerezeka akuti shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri sangathe kuchiritsidwa, koma malinga ndi kuwongolera mwadongosolo, munthu atha kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa ndikuletsa kuyambika kwa zovuta. Vidiyo yomwe yatchulidwa munkhaniyi ifotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.