Glucosuria mu shuga

Munkhaniyi muphunzira:

Glucosuria ndiko kuzindikira kwa glucose poyesa mkodzo. Zimavomerezeka kuti glucose wabwinobwino mumkodzo asatulutsidwe. Izi sizowona konse. Magulu ochepa a glucose amalowetsa mkodzo, koma njira zomwe zilipo masiku ano zofufuzira sizimalola kuti zipezeke.

Mu impso yathanzi, yokhala ndi shuga m'magazi, shuga umasefedwa ndikuwabwezeretsanso mu impso. Ponyamula, mamolekyulu apadera onyamula amafunikira, kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa.

Malowa aimpso amachepetsa panthawi ya matenda mwa ana ndi amayi apakati.

Zoyambitsa Glycosuria

Maonekedwe a shuga mumkodzo amatha chifukwa cha zolimbitsa thupi, i.e. mwa anthu athanzi, komanso matenda am'mimba, chifukwa cha matenda.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a glucosuria:

• mimba
• kudya zakudya zabwino kwambiri,
• kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Zoyambitsa matenda a glucosuria:

• matenda ashuga
• matenda opatsirana pachimake, limodzi ndi malungo ndi kuledzera,
• matenda a impso (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis),
• matenda a shuga a impso
• matenda a endocrine (thyrotooticosis, matenda a Itsenko-Cushing, pheochromocytoma),
• kupsa, kuvulala kwambiri,
• kumwa mankhwala ena.

Glucosuria pa nthawi yapakati

Nthawi yapakati, thupi la mkazi limagwira ntchito ndi nkhawa zambiri. Kale mu trimester yoyamba, magazi aimpso amayamba kuchuluka, mpaka amatha kufikira kumapeto kwachiwiri. Kusefera kwamikodzo kumawonjezeka, komwe kumapangitsa kutsika kwa chimpweya cha shuga.

Pamene shuga amawonekera mkodzo wa mayi wapakati, kuwunika kowonjezereka ndikofunikira, popeza izi zimatha kukhala zanyama, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mimba yomwe, kapena pathological, ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga ndi impso. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga mumkodzo amagwira ntchito monga michere ya mabakiteriya, omwe angayambitse kukula kwa matenda otupa kwamkodzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumachitika, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuyesa kwa glucose. Ngati matenda a impso akuganiziridwa, kuyezetsa kwamkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko ndi kuyesa kwa impso kumachitika.

Glucosuria wopsinjika ndi kudya kwambiri

Mukakhala pamavuto akulu, thupi limayamba kulimbikitsa mphamvu zake, ndikuponya mahomoni ambiri ndi zinthu zofunikira m'magazi. Iwo (makamaka adrenaline ndi cortisol) amathandizira pakuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga wamagazi, omwe pambuyo pake amatsogolera ku glucosuria.

Kudya zakudya zambiri zam'mimba zosavuta kugaya kumapangitsanso shuga wamagazi, kupitilira gawo lachiwopsezo ndikupangitsa ma glucose kuwoneka mkodzo.

Matenda a shuga

Maonekedwe a shuga mkodzo woyamba ayenera kunena lingaliro la shuga, ichi ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri. Glucosuria mu matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga: ludzu, kamwa yowuma, kutulutsa mkodzo wambiri, kufooka, kutopa, komanso kuchepa thupi.

Kupezeka kwa aimpso kwa glucose sikofanana kwa onse odwala matenda ashuga. Imachepetsedwa mwa iwo omwe amalandira insulin, komanso omwe akudwala matenda a shuga a nephropathy. Ndikofunika kuti kumapeto kwa nephropathy, glucose amalephera kutulutsidwa mkodzo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa impso ndikukula kwa aimpso kulephera.

Si odwala onse omwe ali ndi shuga omwe amakhala ndi glucosuria. Ndi chipukutiro chabwino cha matendawa ndi shuga pafupi ndi zabwinobwino, kwamkodzo wama glucose samachitika.

Matenda opatsirana pachimake

Pazaka zambiri za matenda, limodzi ndi kutentha ndi kuledzera, glucosuria imayamba. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi.

Ndi kutentha thupi, zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito zotchedwa cytokines zimapangidwa m'thupi zomwe zimayambitsa vasospasm. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa magazi mu impso ndi mkodzo kusefedwa.

Chifukwa cha kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi, kuthamanga kwa adrenaline kumachitika, komwe kumapangitsa kutsekeka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi. Glycogen ndi mtundu waukulu wa glucose m'thupi, ikasweka, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka.

Matenda a impso

Matumphu a impso akakhudzidwa, amayamba kupatsira mamolekyulu amkati mwa mkodzo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito monga matenda a pyelonephritis, nephritis ya chifulointerstiti, kulephera kwa impso, kuwonongeka kwa impso mu matenda ena (rheumatologic, cardiological, endocrine, etc.).

Matenda a impso amaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwina pakuwunika kwamkodzo (kuchuluka kwama cell oyera, maselo ofiira, mawonekedwe a mapuloteni, ma cylinders), chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwazinthu izi sikubweretsa zovuta.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda am'mimba, kapena a impso glucosuria, ndimatenda omwe shuga ya mkodzo imamasulidwa pamlingo wake wabwinobwino m'magazi. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa aimpso tubules kupita ku aldosterone, mahomoni a adrenal. Aldosterone imayang'anira kusinthana kwa potaziyamu ndi sodium, potero kuonetsetsa kuti madzi amchere amchere amchere.

Nthawi zambiri, a impso glucosuria amapezeka mwa ana ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga ndizovuta kuchiza. Mwana amafunika kutsata zakudya zapadera zoletsedwa zamagulu osavuta a m'thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa zovuta.

Mitundu ina ya matenda a shuga a impso imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusweka kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa mphamvu ya ma enzymes omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa shuga. Zina zimayamba chifukwa chokhala ndi poizoni.

Matenda a shuga

Glucosuria mu endocrine matenda

Ndi matenda angapo a endocrine, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kupangika kwa mahomoni ochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera (thyrotoxicosis, matenda a Itsenko-Cushing, pheochromocytoma, etc.). Izi zimachitika chifukwa chopanga ma mahomoni omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, komanso amachepetsa chidwi chathupi.

Nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi maziko a nthendayi posakhalapo chindapusa, matenda a shuga amakula.

Kuzindikira kwa glucosuria

Kungodutsamo kamodzi sikumakhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chofufuzira. Zitha kuonetsa kuphwanya zakudya zomwe m'mbuyomu, kapena kukonzekera kosayenera popereka. Kuti mudziwe bwino kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo, ndikofunikira kuwunikira glucosuria watsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuwunikaku ndikosavuta. Masana, mkodzo wonse umasonkhanitsidwa mu madzi okwanira 2-3 lita. Kenako m'mawa chimasakanizidwa, voliyumu ya 100-200 ml imaponyedwa mugalasi, ndipo imabweretsa ku labotale. Panjira yomwe simukuyiwala kuti muwone kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku ndi tsiku, kutalika ndi kulemera kwanu.

Masana simumatha kumwa maswiti kwambiri, kumva kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro, kuti izi zisakhudze zotsatira za kuwunika.

Nthawi zambiri, shuga sawonekera mumkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zikaoneka, kumafunsidwanso kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa.

Mitundu ya Glucosuria

Shuga wambiri mumkodzo amapezeka pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimachitika kuti matendawa amagawidwa m'mabungwe ena. Glucosuria ili ndi mitundu isanu, iliyonse imapangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera.

Hypal glucosuria (maziko - chiyambi cha impso). Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kulephera kwa njira za aimpso zobwezeretsanso glucose.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ilipo:

• Fomu yoyamba (kuyambira kubadwa) imawoneka chifukwa cha zolakwika mu njira yachilendo ya impso.
• Mtundu wina umapezeka mu kusintha kwa impso, kupweteka kwa impso ndi zina zosiyanasiyana za impso.

Njira yokhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi imakhalapo pamene munthu agwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a mahomoni amapezeka pazochitika zochulukitsa za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, ndi adenomas, komanso mankhwala ochulukirapo a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ma steroid hormone.

Mtundu wotsatira wa matenda ndi mankhwala. Imayamba kukhazikika mukamamwa mankhwala omwe amayambitsa opaleshoni, mankhwala a psycholeptic, painkillers. Komanso, mtundu wamtunduwu umayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi hyperglycemic, nephrotoxic.

Matenda a pancreatic amachokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapamba, komanso odwala omwe akukonzedwa, kufa kwa minofu ya pancreatic pazinthu zakunja ndi zochitika zamkati.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Pali magulu otsatirawa omwe amayambitsa kudwala: izi zomwe zimawonekera chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa kapamba ndi zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ntchito yake.

Minyetso yomwe imayambitsa glucosuria:

• Kupanda insulin yomwe kapamba amatulutsa
• Impso kapena chiwindi kukanika
• Odwala mahomoni osavomerezeka
• Zakudya zokwanira zamafuta ochulukitsa zamafuta ambiri

Chodziwika kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga a glycosuria, omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa glucose mu mkodzo kapena mawonekedwe ena ozungulira (zimachitika zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri).

Kusanthula kwa aimpso glucosuria kumakhala kwabwino pamene glucose wapezeka mu mitundu yoposa itatu ya mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku panthawi yophunzira. Chofunikira kwambiri ndicho kukhazikika kwa ma protein omwe amapezeka m'magazi.

Pali nthawi zina pamene shuga amapezeka mumkodzo mwa msungwana woyembekezera. Izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda a impso, komanso matenda amishuga mwa azimayi oyembekezera (amodzi mwa mitundu yokhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amayamba kapena amakonzedweratu nthawi yapakati). Pankhaniyi, kufunsa kwa dokotala ndikofunikira ndipo kuyesedwa kwa madokotala ndikofunikira.

Choyambitsa cholondola cha glucosuria mwa mayi wapakati chitha kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito matenda osiyanasiyana kuchipatala.

Kuchiza matenda

Wodwala glucosuria amayang'aniridwa ndi katswiri woyenera mpaka vuto lakelo litheretu. Ngati glucosuria ali ndi magwero a matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chikhala ndi cholinga chokulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa pa nthawi ya chithandizo sayenera kuletsa thupi lake kudya madzi. Kukhalapo kwa ludzu kosalekeza kwa wodwalayo ndichizindikiro chowonetsa kuti thupi limasowa madzi (popeza pamodzi ndi glucose, madzimadzi nawonso amachoka m'thupi). Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo cha insulin chimaperekedwa kwa wodwala ndi adokotala pobweretsa kukonzekera kwa insulin m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Polyuria imathandizira kuti mchere wa potaziyamu utayike m'thupi. Kubwezeretsanso kuchepa kwa michereyi kudzakuthandizani kudya zipatso zouma, uchi wapamwamba kwambiri, masamba.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, azimayi amapatsidwa zakudya zoyenera ndi chakudya chofunikira cha zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, magawo asanu mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, olimbitsa thupi. Mankhwala, ngati pakufunika kutero, ndi omwe amalembedwa ndi dokotala.

Njira Zoyesezera Matenda a shuga

Kutsimikiza kwa shuga mkodzo mu labotale ndi kunyumba kwake kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zomwe malo ogwirako ntchito amayikidwa. Njira zochizira zochitidwa kuti muteteze ku zovuta ndi zovuta zomwe zimapereka zovuta zimapereka chidziwitso chazinthu zokhudzana ndi thupi.

Zochita zoterezi ndi njira yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga. Ndiwotheka pamene kachidindo komaso akagwiritsidwanso ntchito poizindikira kuti mupeze nthawi yomweyo matupi a ketone. Kupezeka kwawo kungathe kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ofanana "- Biochemical reagent". Wodwalayo, monga lamulo, akuchepetsa thupi kwambiri, acetone imanunkha kuchokera mkamwa mwake.

Ngati muyezo wa glucose umachitika pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo monga muyeso wamagazi, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zochulukirapo. Mkodzo wa mayeso apadera umatha kudziunjikira mkati mwa maola 12 kapena masiku onse. Mayeso omwewo amapereka chotsatira.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa za njira zoyambira ndi zida zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pakuwongolera matendawa. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi odwala amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti athe kupeza chidziwitso chokhudza zochitika zomwe zikuchitika mthupi, zokhudzana ndi matendawa ndi gawo lake.

Mitundu ya glucosuria muyeso, zabwino ndi zovuta zawo

Wodwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ludzu losasinthika. Pali, motero, kuchuluka kwamikodzo tsiku lililonse (polyuria). Akuti mwina 70% ya odwala matenda ashuga "ali ndi chiwopsezo cha impso." Shuga sazindikira mkodzo ndimayeso am'chipatala a Laborator omwe amakhala ndi glycemia pansi pa 10,0 mmol / L.

• 0.5% glycosuria pamene shuga m'magazi apamwamba 11.0 mmol / L,
• 1.0% - 12.0 mmol / L,
• 2.0% - 13.0 mmol / L.

Kusanthula kwamkodzo, komwe kunatengedwa masana, kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi shuga. Ngati sipezeka mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku (popanda kufufuza), ndiye kuti shuga imalipidwa bwino. Ndipo mu maola 24, "cholumikizira impso" sichidapambanidwe. Kusanthula kwa magawo anayi kumasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, choyambirira chimatengedwa kuchokera maola 8 mpaka maola 14, chachiwiri - kuchokera maola 14 mpaka maola 20, chachitatu - kuchokera maola 20 mpaka maola 2, chachinayi - kuchokera maola awiri mpaka maola 8.

Mukuwunika kamodzi, kudziwa zofunikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayeso kuti mupeze shuga mu mkodzo, wodwala atha kulandira zambiri za kuchuluka kwa glycemia.

Njira yolondola komanso yowonetsera ili ndi zabwino zingapo:

• simukuyenera kugwirira chala chanu, nthawi zina zimachitika mopweteka ndikupeza magazi
• kwa wodwala wofooka kapena wowoneka bwino ndikosavuta kutsika chizindikirocho ndi mkodzo kuposa kutenga muyeso wa glucometer,
• mizere yoyesera yodziwira shuga mu mkodzo ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa chipangizo.

Ena mabizinezi othandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga amaduladula zikhwangwani ndipo amapeza zambiri zofufuzira. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndiwosinthika mwachilengedwe. Amachitidwa pafupipafupi, poyesetsa kukwaniritsa cholinga choyenera: kulipira bwino shuga.

Glucosometry tikulimbikitsidwa kanayi pa tsiku komanso kawiri pa sabata. Ngati ndende ya shuga ikuposa 2%, ndiye kuti mutha kumveketsa phindu pogwiritsa ntchito mita. Njira yotsimikizika ya shuga mu mkodzo tsiku lililonse imakhala yotsekemera: imasowa kusinthasintha kosankha mtundu wa insulin, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya.

Pakalibe glycosuria ndi zizindikiro za hypoglycemia (pamiyeso yotsika), sizingatheke kudziwa popanda chida kuti mulingo wani wodwala ali nawo: pamtunda kuchokera pa 4.0 mpaka 10 mmol / L. Wodwalayo amatha kuwona zizindikiro zakugwa kwakumapeto kwa glycemic chifukwa cha insulin yolakwika, kudumpha chakudya, kuchita nthawi yayitali kapena kuchitanso zolimbitsa thupi.

M'madera ena odwala matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbiri yayitali ya matendawa, mawonekedwe a zovuta zapakati amapezeka pa 5.0-6.0 mmol / L. Kutentha kwamiyendo, kuthamanga kwa chikumbumtima, thukuta lozizira ndi kufooka kumachotsedwa pakudya kwakanthawi kochepa kwamoto (uchi, kupanikizana, muffin). Pambuyo kuukira kwa hypoglycemia ndikuchotsedwa kwake, wodwala amafunikira kuwunikira mwapadera.

Kukula kwa glucosuria kopanda ntchito

Zilonda zazing'onoting'ono zingapangitse zovuta. Mavuto a impso kapena matenda a shuga a nephropathy amatha ndi mitundu iwiri yonseyo ya matenda. Ziwerengero zamankhwala ndizomwe 1/3 ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, omwe ali ndi zaka makumi awiri, amakhala ndi vuto la kulephera kwa impso.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga:

• kufooka, kutopa, kugona pang'ono, kusokoneza,
• kudzimbidwa, kusowa kudya, kusanza,
• kuvulala mu minyewa yamkati.

Chigawo chachikulu cha mkodzo ndi kusefa kwa thupi la munthu. Impso imatulutsa zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimadzipangira minofu yathupi ndipo zimakola mkodzo. Ndikupezeka ndi shuga wambiri, shuga wambiri amawachotsanso m'thupi. Njira yoteteza zachilengedwe imachitika. Apa ndipomwe shuga amachokera mkodzo. Koma ntchito za impso si zopanda malire. Zinthu zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala m'makola ambiri sizitha kusiya thupi mwachangu.

Impso zimapangidwa ndi minyewa yolabwidwa ndi ma capillaries ambiri. Shuga wamkulu amawononga mitsempha yaying'ono kwambiri. Ndi hyperglycemia wautali komanso wambiri, impso sizigwirizana ndi ntchito yosefera. Pali zovuta zomwe zachedwa - microangiopathy. Chizindikiro chake choyamba: mawonekedwe a mkodzo wa mapuloteni (albin). Nthawi zina matenda a nephropathy a shuga amavuta chifukwa cha impso, matenda a ziwongo.

Panthawi yovuta, kuledzera kumachitika. Pali poyizoni wa mkati wam'kati mwathunthu wazinthu zopweteka. Pankhaniyi, moyo wa wodwala umasungidwa pa "impso yochita kupanga". Pulogalamu yovuta yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa kwamkati mwa thupi kuchokera pazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa (dialysis). Ndondomeko ikuchitika tsiku lililonse 1-2.

Kukula kwachilendo kwa zovuta kumachitika chifukwa kumakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sikumayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Ntchito ya impso ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi pachaka (mayesedwe amkodzo a albumin, mayeso a Reberg, kuyezetsa magazi kwa urea nitrogen, serum creatinine).

Kulephera kwamankhwala kumachitika ndi ma diuretics, zoletsa, mankhwala omwe amayendetsa magazi. Kupewa kwakukulu kwa nephropathy ndikulipira kwabwino kwa matenda ashuga.