Momwe cholesterol imapangidwira mu thupi la munthu: limagwirira kupanga mapangidwe a cholesterol oyipa

Cholesterol ndi phula lomwe limapangidwa ngati mowa. Imapereka kukhazikika kwa nembanemba yama cell, yofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa vitamini D, mahomoni a steroid, ma acid acid. Ma cholesterol ambiri (dzina lina la cholesterol limafanana) limapangidwa ndi thupi lokha, gawo laling'ono limachokera ku chakudya. Serol yambiri "yoyipa" yambiri imalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima.

Mafuta a cholesterol m'mwazi

Mulingo wamba wa cholesterol umafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chomwe chimapezeka poyeza kuchuluka kwa anthu athanzi, omwe ndi:

• kwa munthu wathanzi - osapitirira 5.2 mmol / l,
• kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ischemia kapena matenda am'mbuyomu kapena opha ziwalo, sikuti lakupitilira 2,5 mmol / l,
• kwa iwo omwe alibe vuto la mtima, koma ali ndi zinthu ziwiri zoopsa (mwachitsanzo, kuperewera kwa majini ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi) - zosaposa 3.3 mmol / l.

Ngati zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa ndizapamwamba kuposa momwe zimakhazikidwira, mbiri ina ya lipid imayikidwa.

Kusintha kwapakati pa cholesterol yamagazi kumawonedwa kukhala kwabwinobwino. Kuwunikira nthawi imodzi sikungawonetse kuwonekera kwa chibadwidwe cha munthu wina, chifukwa chake, nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kubwezeretsanso pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri ndi itatu.

Kuchulukitsa kwamphamvu kumathandizira:

• Mimba (kuyezetsa magazi kumalimbikitsidwa osachepera miyezi 1.5 pambuyo pobadwa),
• Zakudya zokhudzana ndi kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi corticosteroids ndi androgens,
• kuchuluka kwa menyu tsiku ndi tsiku a cholesterol zinthu.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol kumakhala ndizisonyezo zosiyanasiyana kwa abambo ndi amai, zomwe zimasintha ndi zaka. Komanso, umembala wa munthu mu mtundu winawake ukhoza kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa lipids. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Caucasoid uli ndi ma cholesterol apamwamba kuposa a Pakistanis ndi Ahindu.

Mitundu ya cholesterol mthupi - lipoproteins

Cholesterol ndi mowa wonga mafuta. Sterol siyisungunuka m'madzi, koma imadzichiritsa yokha pakufafaniza m'mafuta kapena ma organic sol sol. Madzi a m'magazi ndi madzi 90-95%. Chifukwa chake, ngati cholesterol imayenda pamitsempha yake yokha, imawoneka ngati dontho la mafuta. Kutsika kotereku kumatha kusewera ngati thrombus ndikuletsa lumen ya chombo chaching'ono. Pofuna kupewa izi, cholesterol imayenda ndi mapuloteni onyamula - lipoproteins.

Lipoproteins ndi zida zovuta zopangidwa ndi mafuta, gawo lama protein, komanso ma phospholipids. Magazi a lipoprotein, kutengera kukula kwake, magawo ake amagawidwa m'magulu asanu:

• ma chylomicrons ndi mamolekyu akulu kwambiri okhala ndi kukula kwa 75-1200 nm. Ndizofunikira kunyamula chakudya triglycerides, cholesterol kuchokera m'matumbo kupita ku minofu,
• lipoproteins otsika kwambiri (VLDL, VLDL) - gulu lalikulu la ma lipoproteins okhala ndi kukula kwa 30-80 nm. Amayang'anira kusamutsa kwa triglycerides yopangidwa ndi chiwindi kupita ku zotumphukira, kupita ku cholesterol yocheperako.
• lipotroteins wapakatikati (STDs) - wopangidwa kuchokera ku VLDL. Kukula kwa molekyu ndi 25-35 nm. "Khalani" kwanthawi yochepa kwambiri. Ntchito sizosiyana ndi gulu lakale,
• lowensens lipoproteins (LDL, LDL) - mamolekyulu ang'ono 18-26 nm kukula kwake, amathandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosclerosis. Ndi gulu ili lomwe limatulutsa cholesterol yochuluka kwambiri kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku maselo a thupi,
• highensens lip liprrinsins (HDL) ndi gulu laling'ono kwambiri la lipoproteins (8-11 nm). Udindo wotsogolera mafuta a m'mimba kuchokera ku chiwindi.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa VLDL, HDL, LDL kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima komanso matenda a HDL. Gulu loyamba la lipoproteins limatchedwa atherogenic kapena cholesterol yoyipa, yachiwiri - antiatherogenic kapena cholesterol yabwino. Kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein onse, kupatulapo ma chylomicrons, kumatchedwa cholesterol yonse.

Momwe cholesterol imapangidwira m'thupi, yomwe ziwalo zimatulutsa sterol biosynthesis

Mwa chiyambi chake, gawo lonse la thupi limagawika m'magulu awiri:

• amkati (80% ya okwanira) - amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zamkati,
• zakunja (zamamary, chakudya) - zimabwera ndi chakudya.

Komwe cholesterol imapangidwa m'thupi - idadziwika posachedwapa. Chinsinsi cha kapangidwe ka sterol chinaululidwa pakati pa zaka zapitazi ndi asayansi awiri: Theodore Linen, Conrad Blok. Chifukwa cha zomwe apeza, akatswiri ofufuza za chilengedwe anapatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel (1964).

Chiwindi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa gawo lalikulu la cholesterol m'thupi. Chiwalochi chimapanga pafupifupi 50% sterol. Cholesterol chotsalira chimapangidwa ndi maselo am'matumbo, khungu, impso, adrenal gons, ndi gonads. Thupi limafunikira acetate kuti lipange cholesterol. Njira yopanga zinthu ndi zinthu zovuta kupanga, yopanga magawo asanu:

• kaphatikizidwe ka mevalonate kochokera mamolekyulu atatu a acetate,
• kaphatikizidwe ka isopentenyl pyrophosphate,
• kapangidwe ka squalene kuchokera ku mamolekyulu 6 a isopentenyl pyrophosphate,
• mapangidwe a lanosterol
• Kusintha kwa lanosterol kukhala cholesterol.

Pazonse, njira ya cholesterol biosynthesis imachitika zoposa 35.

Mlingo wa sterol kaphatikizidwe kamatengera nthawi yamasana. Mafuta ambiri a cholesterol omwe amapangidwa usiku. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala omwe amatchinga kaphatikizidwe ka sterol (statins) amatengedwa asanagone. Zowona, mibadwo yaposachedwa ya statins imatha kukhala ndi thupi kwakanthawi. Kulandila kwawo sikudalira nthawi yatsiku.

Mu thupi la munthu, cholesterol yambiri imapangidwa kuti ipange bile acid. Amapangidwa ndi chiwindi. Gawo laling'ono limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maselo a ma cell. Thupi limagwiritsa ntchito chopondera chochepa kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka mahomoni, vitamini D.

Ntchito za cholesterol m'thupi

Cholesterol ndiyofunikira m'thupi la munthu kuti ikhale ndi moyo wamba. Ambiri mwa sterol amakhala ndi maselo aubongo. Udindo wa cholesterol sunaphunziridwe bwino. Zolemba zatsopano zimawonekera pafupipafupi, zikukakamiza asayansi kuti aziona mosiyanasiyana chinthucho.

Ntchito za cholesterol zimagawika m'magulu awiri:

Ntchito zamapangidwe ndi kuthekera kwa cholesterol kuphatikiza ma membrane am' cell. Sterol ndiyofunikira maselo onse amthupi, popeza imapatsa mphamvu m'mbali, imatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana.

Makinawa ndiabwino kwambiri kwakuti chilengedwechi chimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga makoma a chamoyo pafupifupi chilichonse chamoyo, kupatula mbewu, bowa, ndi prokaryotes. Komanso, cholesterol ndiyofunika kuti maselo azitha kuvomereza kuti membrane wa hydrogen ayoni, sodium. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzikhala nthawi zonse muzomanga.

Mafuta onga ngati mafuta ndi gawo limodzi mwa zotengera za myelin zomwe zimateteza ma cell a mitsempha yomwe imatulutsa mphamvu ya mitsempha kuchokera ku neuron kupita ku chiwalo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, ma axon amatetezedwa ku ma atomu opangira magetsi, mamolekyulu. Kudzipatula kumathandizira kukoka kwa mitsempha kufalikira moyenera, moyenera.

Ntchito ya metabolic ya cholesterol ndikugwiritsa ntchito sterol ngati zinthu zopanda pake kuti apange zinthu zomwe zimafunikira thupi: bile acid, mahomoni a steroid, mavitamini a chiwindi cha chiwindi ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mapangidwe a bile acids, mahomoni a steroid - gland ya adrenal, gland.

The endo native cholesterol metabolism mzunguko m'thupi

1. Kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol m'thupi makamaka kumayendetsa chiwindi, mpaka khungu laling'ono, matumbo, gren adrenal, kumaliseche. Kupanga kwa sterol kumafuna acetyl-CoA, yomwe selo iliyonse imakhala nayo. Kupitilira pakusintha kovuta, cholesterol imatheka kuchokera pamenepo.
2. Tizilombo togonana ndi ma adrenal gland nthawi yomweyo amagwiritsa ntchito cholesterol popanga mahomoni, ndipo khungu - pa vitamini D. Chiwindi chimapanga bile acid kuchokera ku sterol, mwa zina chimamangirira ku VLDL.
3. VLDL ndi hydrolyzed pang'ono. Umu ndi momwe HDL imapangira. Njira ya hydrolysis imayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa triglycerides, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.
4. Selo ikasowa cholesterol, imayimira izi ndi kapangidwe ka ma LDL receptors. Lipoproteins amatsatira iwo, kenako amatengedwa ndi khungu. Mkati, pali kugawanika kwa LDL, kumasulidwa kwa sterol.

Exo native cholesterol kagayidwe m'thupi

1. Enzime ya pancreatic imakonzekeretsa cholesterol esters kuti ichotse.
2. Maselo amkati amagwiritsa ntchito cholesterol kuchokera ku kayendedwe kena, ndikunyamula mamolekyulu mu chylomicron. The digestibility of alimentary sterol ndi 30-35%.
3. Ma Chylomicrons amalowa mumsewu wa lymphatic, kusamukira ku thoracic duct. Apa, ma lipoproteins amasiya dongosolo la lymphatic, kusunthira mitsempha ya subclavian.
4. Ma Chylomicrons amakumana ndi minofu ndi mafupa am'mimba ndikumapereka mafuta osagwirizana nawo. Pambuyo pake, amachotsedwa m'magazi ndi maselo a chiwindi, omwe amatulutsa cholesterol ku lipoproteins.
5. Chiwindi chimagwiritsa ntchito sterol yakunja kuti ipange VLDL kapena ma asidi a bile.

Kupereka cholesterol

Metabolism yoyenera ya cholesterol imaphatikizapo malire pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mowa wofunidwa ndi thupi ndi mulingo wake weniweni. Sterol yowonjezera imachotsedwa mu minofu ya HDL. Amapereka ma cell a storol maselo, amawatengera ku chiwindi. Ma acid okhala ndi cholesterol amalowa m'matumbo, pomwe amachotsera ndowe. Gawo losafunikira la mowa wokhala ndi mafuta limatulutsidwa mu mkodzo panthawi yamafuta a mahomoni, komanso kuperewera kwa epithelium.

Kuyang'anira cholesterol kagayidwe

Kusinthana kwa cholesterol m'thupi kumayendetsedwa ndi mfundo ya mayankho. Thupi lathu limafufuza za cholesterol yamagazi ndipo limayambitsa enzyme ya HMG-CoA, kapena limaletsa ntchito yake. Enzyme iyi imayang'anira gawo limodzi mwamagawo oyambira a sterol. Kuwongolera kwa ntchito ya HMG-CoA reductase kungalepheretse kapena kudzutsa kupangika kwa cholesterol.

Sterol synthesis imalepheretseka ndikumangidwa kwa LDL kwa ma receptors. Pali umboni wokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni pazomwe amapanga mowa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin, mahomoni a chithokomiro amathandizira ntchito ya HMG-CoA redutase, ndi glucagon, glucocorticoids inhibits.

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta am'madzi am'mimba kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa sterol synthesis. Chakudya chathu chikakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri, thupi lathu limakhala kuti limapanga zinthu zambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mawonekedwe opanga hepatic okha ndi omwe akuletsa. Zochita zamaselo am'matumbo, chiwindi, gren adrenal, ndi gonads zikadali chimodzimodzi.

Ambiri chiwembu cha cholesterol kagayidwe mu thupi la munthu.

Udindo wa cholesterol popanga atherosulinosis

Ubwenzi wapakati pa magawo azigawo a lipid ndi thanzi udadziwika kalekale. Mitundu yayikulu ya ma atherogenic lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL) imathandizira kukulitsa matenda a mtima. Kachigawo kakang'ono kameneka ka mafuta owonjezera mumatha kukhazikika pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimapanga zolembera. Ngati imachepa kapena kufooketsa lumen ya chotengera, matenda a mtima, ubongo, komanso magazi osakwanira m'miyendo.

Mavuto owopsa kwambiri a atherosulinosis - kulowetsedwa kwam'mimba, sitiroko, kuponderezedwa kwamiyendo ndi kutsekeka kwathunthu kapena kuwonongeka kwa chidikacho. Aortic atherosulinosis imatha kuyambitsa kapena kupindika kwa chotengera.

HDL yaying'ono siimakonda kuyika makoma chombo. M'malo mwake, amathandiza kuchotsa cholesterol m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, msambo wawo wokwera ndi chizindikiro chabwino.

Kudalira kwa chiopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis pa cholesterol.

Kuti mudziwe zoopsa zake, kuchuluka pakati pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za mafuta a cholesterol.

Ma acid akhungu

Chamoyo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mitundu yake yapadera ya ma acid acid. Ma acid onse a bile la anthu amagawidwa kukhala:

• pulayimale (cholic, chenodeoxycholic) imapangidwa ndi chiwindi kuchokera ku cholesterol,
• sekondale (deoxycholic, lithocholic, allocholic, ursodeoxycholic) - amapangidwa kuchokera ku microflora yam'mimba yoyamba,
• tertiary (ursodeoxycholic) - amapangidwa kuchokera ku sekondale.

Ena mwa ma asidi a bile, atalowa m'matumbo, amawamwetsa m'mbuyo, omwe amayenda ndi mtsempha wamagazi kupita m'chiwindi. Njirayi imatchedwa kubwezeretsanso. Imalola kuti thupi lizigwiritsa ntchito ma bile acid kangapo, kupulumutsa mphamvu pazomwe zimapangidwa zatsopano.

Ma acid akhungu ndi ofunika, choyambirira, kuti pakhale kuyamwa kwamafuta azakudya, kuchotsedwa kwa mafuta m'thupi.

Vitamini D - mavitamini angapo, apamwamba omwe ndi cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol. Yoyamba imapangidwa ndi maselo a khungu kutengera cholesterol, yachiwiri ibwere ndi chakudya. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za vitamini D ndi kuyamwa kwa calcium, phosphorous ku chakudya. Amakhulupirira kuti imayang'anira kubadwa kwa maselo, kagayidwe, komanso imathandizira kapangidwe ka mahomoni ena.

Kuperewera kwa Vitamini D kumawonetsedwa ndi ricores. Kulephera kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandizira kuti khansa ikule, kumawonjezera mwayi wamatenda am'magazi, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtima, kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Anthu onenepa nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi hypovitaminosis D.

Kuperewera kwa Vitamini kumayambitsa kukula kwa psoriasis, vitiligo, ndi matenda ena a autoimmune. Pali umboni kuti kuchepa kumalumikizidwa ndi mavuto a kukumbukira, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi kusowa tulo.

Zomwe cholesterol imawoneka ngati yachilendo mwa akazi

Cholesterol ndi chinthu cholimba ngati mafuta kuchokera ku gulu la lipophilic (mafuta sungunuka). Pulogalamuyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zapakatikati zamatenda a pulasitiki, ndi gawo limodzi lamatumbo am'mimba, ndizinthu zoyambira kuphatikiza mahomoni angapo, kuphatikizapo kugonana.

Chofunikira cha munthu tsiku lililonse cholesterol ndi pafupifupi 5. Gawo 80% ya cholesterol yofunikira imapangidwa m'chiwindi, munthu winayo amalandila kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe wachokera.

Palibe mafuta ambiri m'thupi; ma protein omwe amapezeka m'magazi amakhala ndi mapuloteni ena apadera. Ma zovuta amenewa amatchedwa lipoproteins. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za lipoprotein ndi kusala. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, amagawika m'magulu otsika kwambiri komanso apamwamba (LDL ndi HDL, motsatana).

Zigawo za cholesterol

Ma lipoprotein a milingo yosiyanasiyana amasankhidwa mwanjira imodzi kukhala cholesterol "chabwino" ndi "yoyipa". Chizolowezi chotchedwa "cholesterol yoyipa" idalandira mawonekedwe osazama kwambiri. Izi zimakonda kukhazikika pazikhoma zamitsempha yamagazi. Momwe cholesterol imadziunjikira, kutanuka kwa makoma amitsempha amacheperachepera, otchedwa plaques amapanga pakapita nthawi, ndipo atherosulinosis imayamba. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zidapangidwa ndi lipoproteins, ndikofunikira kusintha makulidwe azakudya kuti aletse kukula ndi kupitirira kwa zotupa za atherosulinotic.Ndi matenda a atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima, mutagunda kapena matenda a mtima, chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kuwongoleredwa kwambiri. Kwa munthu wathanzi, zomwe zovomerezeka za LDL cholesterol ndi 4 mmol / L, zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amtima - osapitirira 3.3 mmol / L, wokhala ndi matenda amtima - osati apamwamba kuposa 2,5 mmol / L.

Mitundu ikachulukana kwambiri imatchedwa cholesterol yabwino. Maofesi awa samakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi; Komanso, pali umboni wa kutsukidwa kwawo. HDL imayeretsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi kuchokera ku ma cholesterol "oyipa" pambuyo pake, pazomwe zosafunikira zimatayidwa mu chiwindi. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zili mu HDL siziyenera kukhala zotsika kuposa cholesterol cha LDL, ngati mulingo usintha, izi zikuwonetsa cholakwika m'zakudya.

Ndi zaka, kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe kwa cholesterol yamagazi kumachitika, koma ngati msinkhu wake umaposa zikhalidwe zausinkhu, ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa. Cholesterol okwera amatha kuwonetsa njira zobisika za thupi m'thupi, ndikupanganso zofunikira pakukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Zowopsa

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukulitsa cholesterol m'mwazi zimaphatikizira mikhalidwe ya moyo, cholowa, kupezeka kwa matenda ena kapena kudziwikiratu.

Njira za lipid metabolism zimayendetsedwa ndi majini 95, omwe aliwonse amatha kuwonongeka panthawi yakusintha. Matenda okhala ndi lipid metabolism omwe amapezeka ndi pafupipafupi a 1: 500. Mitundu yovulalayo imadziwonetsera ngati yayikulu, kotero kukhalapo kwa mavuto am'banja ndi cholesterol m'modzi kapena makolo onse kumawonetsa zovuta zambiri zofananira kwa ana.

Cholesterol mu chakudya imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira, koma osati lofunikira. Makamaka chakudya makamaka chokhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chibadwa cholemedwa.

Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachititsanso chidwi. Nthawi yomweyo, kagayidwe ka mphamvu kamachepetsedwa, kamene mwanjira yake kamapangitsa chiwonjezero cha cholesterol "choyipa".

Mafuta osakhazikika a cholesterol amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi pathologies a chiwindi, impso kapena chithokomiro. Kutembenuka kwa cholesterol zomwe zili zabwinobwino mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 40 nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa kusokonezeka kwaposachedwa pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo izi.

Kulumikizana kwa kulemera kwambiri ndi vuto la lipid metabolism ndizodziwikiratu zomwe zimayambitsa ndipo zotsatira zake, sizinayambike.

Zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, kusuta ndi matenda oopsa.

Zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kuyenera kuwongoleredwa. Kuti akhale ndi cholesterol yofananira, mkazi atatha zaka 50 ayenera kuchita khama pang'ono kuposa unyamata wake. Chimodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zopewera kudya ndi kukonza zakudya. Zakudya zamafuta ndi mkaka ziyenera kusiyidwa. Patebulo, nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri a omega-3 acids ndizofunikira.

Njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera cholesterol ndizotheka kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Udindo wa cholesterol, omwe amapatsa lipoprotein ku thupi la munthu

1. Zabwino zopindulitsa thupi la munthu
2. Vuto lamitsempha yamagazi
3. Makampani othandizira a lipoprotein ku thupi
4. Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira kuti ukhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi

Kuti mumvetsetse cholesterol ndi chiyani, komanso mphamvu yake m'thupi, muyenera kudziwa bwino. M'masiku athu ano simudzadabwitsa aliyense ndi mawu onena za tanthauzo lomwe makolo athu sanadziwe. Mwa ambiri, cholesterol imalumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi mitsempha yamagazi, zigawo, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima komanso stroko. Koma sikuti zonse ndizophweka monga momwe zimawonekera poyamba.

Cholesterol ilipo mu maselo, minyewa ndi ziwalo za chamoyo chilichonse. Zokha zomwe ndi bowa ndi zopanda nyukiliya. Magawo atatu a zonse za zinthuzo amapangidwa ndi thupi lathu, ndipo kotala yokha imachokera ku chakudya. Ziwalo zambiri zofunika zimatenga gawo lake pakukula kwake.

Zabwino zopindulitsa thupi la munthu

Mu thupi la munthu mulibe chilichonse chowoneka bwino kuchokera kubadwa. Ndipo ngakhale chilengedwe chikapangika chonchi, ndiye kuti izi ndi zoyenera kuchita ndipo zopindulitsa zake ndizofunikira kwambiri:

• Ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe njira zamankhwala amuzolengedwa zimachitikira: ma asidi a bile amapangidwa m'chiwindi. Amathandizira pokonza ndi kugaya zakudya zamafuta.
• Udindo wofunikira kwambiri wa cholesterol pakulimbitsa ziwalo zam'mimba zilizonse. Monga cholesterol imapereka mphamvu zawo, kuuma ndi kusakhazikika.
• Mu thupi la akazi, estradiol imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo - mahomoni ogonana omwe amayang'anira ntchito yobereka, kubereka mwana, thanzi la amayi komanso kukongola. Mkaka wa m'mawere umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri sikuloledwa pakanthawi kosiya kubereka, chifukwa mafuta amthupi amachepa limodzi ndi mafuta, omwe angapangitse kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa estradiol. Zotsatira zake, ziwiya zotsekedwa, tsitsi lophweka, misomali, mafupa otupa ndi mafupa.
• Popanda iwo, kapangidwe ka vitamini D, mahomoni a adrenal glands, mahomoni ogonana sangachite.
• Ndi imodzi mwamagawo a maselo a msana ndi ubongo.
• Imasunga madzi mu maselo ndikuchotsa michere kudzera m'matumbo am'mimba.

Mlingo wa cholesterol mwa munthu wathanzi umasungidwa pamtengo wokhazikika chifukwa cha metabolic process
chamoyo. Nthawi yomweyo, cholesterol chotchedwa chakudya chimabwera ndi chakudya, ndipo mthupi mwake zochuluka zimapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta ndi chakudya.

Mchitidwe watsiku ndi tsiku wa cholesterol (0,6 g), woperekedwa ndi chakudya, samakhudza mulingo m'magazi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamwambapa kungakhudze zizindikiro zamankhwala, makamaka zovuta zam'mthupi.

Vuto lamitsempha yamagazi

Ngati metabolism imalephera, kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri kumawonjezeka, motero,
kuchuluka kwa HDL kumatsitsidwanso, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kudziwika kochuluka kwa cholesterol mu ziwiya ndikupanga mapangidwe a atherosranceotic. Vutoli limayambitsa mtima. Mapilala amachepetsa kukula kwa makoma otupa ndipo, kudzikundikira, kuchepetsa chilolezo ndi kuvala patency.

Kukula kwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mapepala kumabweretsa kupangika kwa magazi omwe amatchinga magazi kutchinga ndi mitsempha yayikulu, ziwiya, ndi msempha. Matendawa amatchedwa thromboembolism, ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kulowererapo kwa madokotala odziwika bwino.

Magwero a cholesterol m'thupi la munthu

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kulandira michere pafupipafupi. Zachikale cholesterol imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya chomwe chili ndi chinthu ichi. Monga lamulo, izi ndi zinthu zozikidwa pa mafuta a nyama kapena mamolekyulu a mafuta a transgenic.

Gwero lalikulu la cholesterol ndi nyama zonenepa, mafuta anyama, soseji, makeke, batala, margarine. Maunyolo azakudya mwachangu ali ndi mafuta ambiri (ma hamburger, ma fries aku France, pasties, nyama yoyera, ma pie okazinga ndi zinthu zina zofananira). Zambiri mwazinthu izi zimakhala ndi mafuta amkaka, mazira a mazira.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol muzakudya kumadalira njira yake yokonzekera. Zakudya zomwe zimaphikidwa kuphika, kuphika, kapena kuwotcha zimakhala ndi cholesterol yocheperako kuposa zakudya zomwe zimaphikidwa ndi mafuta owonjezera. Ngati munthu mosalamulira amadya zakudya zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa piritsi iyi, ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi mthupi lake padzakhala kuphwanya kagayidwe ka mafuta.

Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimapanga cholesterol

Ngakhale kudya cholesterol ndi chakudya, gawo lake lalikulu limapangidwa m'thupi la munthu. Izi ndi zomwe amatchedwa amkati cholesterol.

Thupi lalikulu lomwe limayang'anira kapangidwe kazinthu izi ndi chiwindi. Mukatha kudya, mafuta omwe akubwera pansi pa zochita za bile acid amaponderezedwa ndikugawikana mu mafuta a triglycerides komanso mafuta osagwirizana nawo. Izi zikuchitika mu matumbo ochepa. Kudzera pamitsempha ya mtima yomwe imakhazikika kukhoma kwake, gawo lapansi lamafuta limalowa m'magazi ndikukutumiza ku maselo a chiwindi ndi hepatocytes. Mafuta ena onse amatengedwa kupita nako kumatumbo akulu, omwe amawachotsa m'thupi ndi ndowe.

Kuphatikiza pa chiwindi, njira ya cholesterol synthesis imaphatikizira matumbo, impso, gren adrenal, ndi glands.

Mu hepatocytes mothandizidwa ndi michere yapadera cholesterol imapangidwa. Mu malo omwewo, kulumikizana kwama mamolekyulu amafuta okhala ndi mapuloteni amapezeka. Zotsatira zake zomwe ndikupanga lipoproteins. Izi ndi tizigawo ta cholesterol. Lipoproteins amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Low density lipoproteins (LDL), omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a kulemera. Awa ndi tinthu tambiri, tomwe, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kosapanga mafuta, amapanga zolembera zomwe zimayikidwa nthawi zambiri pamakoma amitsempha yama mtima kapena mu ubongo. Izi zimabweretsa kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zake.
• High density lipoproteins (HDL), yomwe imakhala ndi maselo olemera kwambiri. Ma mamolekyulu a chinthuchi ndi ang'ono kwambiri kukula, ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka. Chifukwa chazomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta, HDL imatha kuyamwa LDL kuchokera ku vasot endumheli wam'mimba, ndikuwasamutsa ku hepatocytes. Pamenepo, LDL imawonongedwa ndikutayidwa. Njira yachilengedwe iyi imakuthandizani kuti muchepetse pang'ono kukula kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha.

Kuti cholesterol igwire bwino ntchito zake, payenera kukhala mgwirizano pakati pa LDL ndi HDL. Ngati lipid metabolism yasokonekera, kufooka kumeneku kosunthika kumayambira kuwonjezeka kwa LDL. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa HDL yoyendayenda kumachepetsedwa, komwe kumakhala kukuwonekera ndikukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Zomwe milomo ya lipid metabolism imachitika

Nthawi zina zofunikira, thupi la munthu limathandizira njira zama metabolic pamlingo wofunikira. Koma mumikhalidwe yovuta, kagayidwe kamasokonekera, komwe kumabweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa. Matenda a lipid metabolism amakula mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zosavomerezeka. Zolakwika kakhalidwe, kupezeka kwa zosokoneza (kusuta, kukhudzidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa), kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuvutikira zakudya zamafuta, maswiti, osayang'anira boma la ntchito ndikupuma.

Kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi kumapangitsanso kuchepa kwa mafuta kagayidwe, kamene kamayambitsa cholesterol yowonjezereka. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amayamba "kulanda" kupsinjika ndi zakudya zopanda pake, kulandira zabwino kuchokera ku izi. Popita nthawi, izi zimabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa mapaundi owonjezera, omwe amakhudza cholesterol molakwika.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbitsa thupi. Koma kuchuluka kwake, komanso kusowa kwake, kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya plasma, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa magazi - mbiri ya lipid. Ndi zakudya zabwinobwino, kuwona makonzedwe amasiku onse, zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira, komanso kusapezeka kwa zochitika zopsinjika, mulingo wa chinthu ichi uzikhala wabwinobwino. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lidzakhala lathanzi!

Kodi cholesterol imapangidwa bwanji m'thupi?

Mapangidwe a cholesterol amatengera magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi. Chiwalo ichi ndicofunikira kwambiri popanga mafuta oopsa a lipoproteins ("abwino" cholesterol). Kuphatikiza apo, gawo la mankhwala limapangidwa m'mimba yaying'ono ndi maselo amthupi. Masana, chiwindi chimatulutsa mpaka gramu imodzi ya lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri.

Ngati khungu silitulutsa phukusi lokwanira, ndiye kuti ma lipoprotein ochokera ku chiwindi amatumizidwa mwachindunji kupita m'magazi kudzera m'magazi a magazi. Mwachitsanzo, maselo awa ndi amtundu (lipoproteins amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mahomoni ogonana).

Chiwindi ndi machitidwe ena amabisa pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya cholesterol yofunikira pamoyo wamunthu wamba. 20% yotsalayi idadzaza ndi zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, cholesterol yambiri “yoyipa” (lipoproteins yokhala ndi zochepa komanso zochepa kwambiri) imabwera ndi chakudya.

Izi zidutswa za chinthu zimangosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, kusayenda kosasunthika kumatsalira pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi m'magazi, omwe pamapeto pake amatsogolera kukula kwa matenda amtima.

Njira yopanga cholesterol m'chiwindi

Popanga ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri m'chiwindi, zimachitika zingapo zosiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe a cholesterol amayamba ndi kapangidwe ka mevalonate (chinthu chapadera). Mevalonavic acid imapangidwa, yofunika kwambiri mu kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi.

Pambuyo pakupanga kwake kokwanira, chiwindi chimayamba kupanga mapangidwe a isoprenoid, womwe ndiye maziko azinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Pambuyo pophatikiza zinthu izi, squalene imapangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, lanosterol imapangidwa kuchokera ku iyo momwe imapangidwira, yomwe imalowa zingapo zovuta nthawi imodzi ndikupanga cholesterol.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids amaphatikiza mahomoni atatu akuluakulu: cortisone, hydrocortisone, aldosterone. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mphete ya steroid, yemwe adapereka yomwe ndi cholesterol. Ma corticosteroids onse amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal glands. Cortisol ndi ya glucocorticoids, ndi aldosterone - mineralocorticoids.

Glucocorticoids ali ndi zochita zosiyanasiyana:

• Anti-nkhawa, anti-shock. Mulingo wawo umakwera ndi kupsinjika, magazi, kugwedezeka, kuvulala. Amayambitsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amathandiza kuti thupi lipulumuke kwambiri: kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumva kwa minofu ya mtima, makoma a mtima kupita ku adrenaline, ndikuletsa kukula kwa kulolerana kwa catecholamines. Glucocorticoids imathandizira kapangidwe ka maselo ofiira amthupi, omwe amathandiza thupi kupanga mofulumira magazi.
• Zamatsenga. Mlingo wa cortisol, hydrocortisol umakhudzana ndi kagayidwe ka glucose. Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni, mulingo wake umakwera, kaphatikizidwe ka glucose kuchokera ku amino acid umayambitsa, kugunda kumalepheretsa, shuga imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo a ziwalo, kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen amakondoweza. Glucocorticoids amathandizira kuti asungidwe a sodium ayoni, chlorine, madzi, amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa calcium, potaziyamu. Mahomoni a gululi amachepetsa chidwi cha minyewa yogonana, mahomoni a chithokomiro, mahomoni okula, insulin.
• Immunoregulatory. Glucocorticoids amatha kulepheretsa machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati immunosuppressants mu matenda a autoimmune. Amachepetsa chiwerengero cha ma eosinophils - maselo am'magazi omwe amayambitsa ziwopsezo, kapangidwe ka gulu la immunoglobulins. Chifukwa chake, anti-allergic effect imatheka.
• Anti-kutupa. Ma glucocorticoids onse ali ndi mphamvu yotsutsa-yotupa. Chifukwa chake, ndizophatikiza zomwe zimapanga mafuta osiyanasiyana odana ndi kutupa.

Aldosterone imatchedwa mahomoni antidiuretic. Simalola kuti sodium, chlorine, mafiyoni am'madzi atulutsidwe m'thupi, zimathandizira kuti amasulidwe a calcium ion, zimawonjezera kuthekera kwa minofu kusunga madzi. Zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezeka kwa magazi, kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Ma steroid ogonana

Mankhwala apamwamba ogonana ndi androgens, estrogens, progesterone.M'mapangidwe awo, amatikumbutsa mosaganizira za corticosteroids, chifukwa cha kholo wamba - cholesterol.

Ma androgens akuluakulu - testosterone, androsterone amalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, amalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwawo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi minofu yambiri poyerekeza ndi azimayi. Androgens amachulukitsa kunyamula kwa glucose ndi maselo amthupi, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ochulukirapo, koma angathandizire kupangidwa kwam'mimba wamwamuna. Mahomoni ogonana amuna ndi amuna amakhala ndi zotsatira za atherogenic: amachepetsa zomwe zili mu HDL ndikuwonjezera LDL.

Androgens ali ndi udindo wokhudzana ndi kugonana (amuna ndi akazi), mphamvu yamphamvu. Pa nthawi yakutha msambo, zimapangitsa mawonekedwe a kugonana.

Estrogens imayambitsa kukula kwa chiberekero, machubu a fallopian, mapangidwe achikhalidwe chogonana, amawongolera msambo. Amatha kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa LDL, cholesterol yathunthu. Chifukwa chake, asanasiye, azimayi amatetezedwa kwambiri ku chiopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis kuposa abambo. Ma estrogens amathandizira pakamvekedwe, kukhuthala kwa khungu.

Progesterone ndi timadzi timene timayendetsa kusamba, kumathandizira kuti mimba isasweke, komanso imayang'anira kukula kwa embryonic. Kuphatikiza ndi estrogen kumapangitsa khungu kukhala losalala, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosalala, yowonjezera.

Makampani othandizira a lipoprotein ku thupi

Zakudya zopanda pake zimakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kusakhazikika kwake komanso makonzedwe ake. Nyama ya nkhumba ndi nyama yapa ng'ombe, mankhwala a soseji osuta ndi mkaka: batala, kirimu wowawasa, kirimu imakhala ndi chiwopsezo chochuluka.

M'malo mwa mafuta a nyama, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osapsa omwe amakhala ndi lecithin komanso amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa.

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira kuti ukhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi

Ngati mumadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, sizivulaza thupi ndipo sizoyambitsa mavuto. Akuluakulu aliyense amasankha zovala zomwe akufuna.

Komabe, munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza malangizo a akatswiri odyera:

1. Nsomba zofiira ndi nsomba zam'nyanja,
2. Nyama yam'mafuta yochepa ndi ng'ombe,
3. Nkhuku ndi nkhuku (zopanda khungu),
4. Madzi opukusa kumene
5. Bowa
6. Porridge ndi casserole kuchokera ku mbewu
7. Masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso.

Cholesterol m'thupi la munthu imachita mbali yofunika poteteza maselo ndikupereka njira zofunika. Komabe, mulingo wake wamagazi umafunika kuwunikira nthawi zonse, makamaka ndi zaka. Ndi kuchuluka kwake, muyenera kuganizira zakukonzanso zakudya, kadyedwe, kusintha kakhalidwe ndi malingaliro abwezeretsedwe.

Zotsatira za cholesterol pa atherosulinosis.

Zowonetsera za cholesterol yamagazi ndi chizolowezi chake zimachulukana kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa atherosulinosis. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwamafuta am'magazi mkati mwa mitsempha komanso kupendekera kwa lumen kuti magazi azithamanga. Kupanga kwa chitukuko cha matenda a atherosselotic ndi zovuta, koma cholesterol imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pamenepa.

Cholesterol wambiri wotsika kwambiri umayamba kudutsa makoma ena, nkupanga mawanga am'mafuta, omwe amakhala owuma, amakula pakapita nthawi ndikusintha mapangidwe a atherosranceotic.

Kuchulukana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa cholesterol m'ndimeyi kumachepetsa mafuta ndipo kumapangitsa kuti khungu lizipindika. Zotsatira zake, zikwangwani zimang'ambika, ndipo mawonekedwe a thrombus pamwamba pake, omwe amatha kuletsa magazi kutuluka kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ziwalo zong'ambika zomwe zikulowa m'magazi zimatha kubisa chida china chilichonse mthupi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ischemia ya chiwalo chomwe chimadyetsedwa kuchokera pachiwiya chotsekedwa.

Kuposa 50% ya imfa ndi mlandu wa cholesterol yayikulu, yomwe idayambitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.

Kuchotsera kwa kusanthula

Chiwerengero chomwe chimatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kulibe. Kuphatikizika kwake kumawerengedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana mwa abambo ndi amai mosiyana. Kupatuka kuchokera pamtundu uliwonse kumbali iliyonse kumawonedwa monga kupezeka kwa matenda.

Zizindikiro zodziwika za Cholesterol:

LDL yokwera nthawi zambiri imawonetsa kukhala atherosulinosis. Miyezo ya cholesterol imasintha nthawi zonse. Kukula kwawo kumatengera jenda komanso zaka za munthu.

Magazi a akulu amawerengera.

Mtengo woyipitsitsa kwambiri pakusankha kusanthula ndiwotsika wa "wabwino" komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa". Mu 60% ya milandu, kuphatikiza kwa LDL ndi HDL kumawonedwa.

Kuphatikiza pa lipoprotein, monga akuwonetsa poyesa magazi, kupanga michere mwa akulu sikuphatikiza cholesterol yokha, komanso triglycerides. Mankhwala awa ndi mtundu wapadera wamafuta, amatenga nawo mbali mu kagayidwe kake ndikukhudza thanzi la munthu.

Ngati matenda a triglycerides apamwamba kuposa 2.29 mmol / l, izi zikutanthauza chitukuko cha matenda:

• Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic
• hypothyroidism
• matenda ashuga
• gout
• chiwindi matenda a chiwindi ndi chiwindi
• kunenepa

Kuchulukitsa kwa TG kumachitika panthawi yapakati. Ngati zomwe zili pazinthu izi zachepetsedwa, izi zitha kutanthauza ma pulmonary ndi aimpso, komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa lipid yamagazi ndikwabwinobwino, atherogenic index (IA) imawerengedwa mu akulu. Cholesterol imawerengeredwa ndi njira yapadera:

Ngati index ili lofanana ndi chiwerengero chomwe chili pansipa 3, ndiye kuti munthu amakhala ndi cholesterol chabwino "chabwino, chomwe chingateteze mitsempha yamagazi kuti isawonongeke. Makhalidwe a IA omwe ali pamlingo wa 3 mpaka 4 amachenjeza pangozi yayikulu ya atherosulinosis. Ngati cholowacho chiri kunja kwa mtundu wamba, njira ya wodwalayo yakhazikika.

Kodi mapangidwe a cholesterol mthupi la munthu

80% ya cholesterol imapangidwa m'chiwindi, 20% timapeza ndi chakudya. Ngati mukusankha kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi ambiri, mupeza kuti muli ndi cholesterol yambiri, sinthani mwachangu zomwe mumadya ndikupatula zakudya zanu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol. Munkhani yotsatira, tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za zakudya za mafuta ambiri.

Anthu ambiri amati amadya phala yaying'ono yokha, nsomba, ndi masamba ophika. Zabwino kwambiri! Kodi muli ndi zaka zingati? Ndipo ndi angati a iwo omwe mumadya bwino? Atherosulinosis ndi njira yayitali yovulala m'mitsempha. Amayamba ali mwana. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti zolembera zoyambirira za atherosselotic mu mawonekedwe a lipid mawanga m'makoma aorta zimawonekera mwana atatha zaka 2,5.

Muyenera kuvomereza kuti simunali kudya nthawi zonse monga momwe mumakhalira masiku ano. Zachidziwikire zokondedwa ndi hering'i, ndi mbatata, ndi kanyenya ndi zosangalatsa zina za tebulo lokoma. Kwa zaka zambiri sanakane chilichonse kwa iwo okha, ndipo zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni zinawoneka - kuchuluka kwamafuta m'thupi.

Chifukwa chake! Ngati munayamba kudya pomwepo, ndiye kuti mumatsata lamulo loyambirira la kulimbana ndi cholesterol yayikulu ndikutchinjiriza thupi lanu ku cholesterol yokhala ndi 20%. Osatenga mawu anga kwenikweni. Mukufunabe mafuta.

Koma zimatsalabe zokwanira 80%, zomwe sizimadalira chikhumbo chathu kapena kufuna kwathu! Dziwani nokha cholesterol imapangidwa m'chiwindi komanso mopitirira muyeso. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi komwe adalandira kuchokera kwa dokotala amatiuza izi! Kodi pali chiyani? Momwe mungachepetse kuphatikiza kwa cholesterol. Kodi tingathe kuyambitsa izi?

Osati zokhazo zomwe tingathe, koma mokakamizidwa, ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso kuti tisalowe mu chiwerengero cha anthu osauka omwe alibe chiyembekezo komanso amakhala ndi stroke kapena vuto la mtima. Kodi angachite bwanji?

• Kanani ndudu, mowa, mowa wamphamvu. Khalani katswiri, sinthani chizolowezi chomwa mowa. Khalani ndi kapu ya vinyo wosalala wabwino, tisanadye. Ndalandilidwa.
• Fotokozerani zaumoyo wathanzi m'moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, osati m'mawu koma machitidwe: phunzirani zolimbitsa thupi, yendani mochulukira, kusamba kosiyanako m'mawa, pitani ku bafa la Russia, etc. Inde inde abwenzi! Ngati mukuwerenga mizereyi tsopano, ndikupukusa mutu, ndikuvomereza, kenako palibe chosintha m'moyo wanu, chabwino, izi ndi zoyipa kwambiri!
• Zakudya zoyenera ndizoyenera kwambiri pothandizidwa ndi mafuta ambiri. Tidzakambirana pankhaniyi.
• Ndipo tsopano ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungayeretsere chiwindi! Ndili ndi tsamba lolemba za nthula zamkaka, ndi artichoke. Werengani ndi kuyeretsa chiwindi. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi cholesterol yowonjezera.
• Zithandizo za anthu othandizira kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi ndizosiyanasiyana. Werengani nkhani yamafuta omwe adalipo ndikuiphatikiza muzakudya zanu.
• Axamwali, ngati muli onenepa kwambiri - izi sizabwino! Izi sizosangalatsa zokongola zokha, komanso zoipa zokwanira thanzi. Kuchepetsa thupi ndichinthu chotsogola kwambiri polimbana ndi atherosulinosis, kusunga ubwana wanu, kukongola, ndi ziwiya zathanzi.
• Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi mu cholesterol yanu yamagazi yatsika, ndikukuthokozani! Tsopano zikungosungabe zomwe zakwaniritsidwa. Ngati zina zonse zalephera, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala wanu ndikuyamba kumwa ma statins kapena mankhwala ena.

Ubwino wa cholesterol ku thanzi lathu

Mtengo wa cholesterol kwa ziwalo zathu ndi machitidwe athu ndiwambiri kwambiri:

• Cholesterol imathandizira kugaya chakudya chamafuta. Mu chiwindi, ma asidi a bile amapangidwa kuchokera ku izo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mafuta omwe amapezeka ndikuwapangitsa kukhala mafuta acids ndi glycerin. Pambuyo pokhapokha amadziwitsidwa m'magazi.
• Kwa akazi, cholesterol nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunikira. Kupatula apo, estradiol imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iyo. Muubwana - mahomoni ogonana awa amathandizira ntchito yobereka, thanzi komanso kukongola. Nthawi ya premenopausal ikayamba, azimayi salangizidwa kuti achepetse thupi kwambiri. Mafuta akayamba kusungunuka msanga, cholesterol imachepa limodzi ndi iyo ndipo estradiol imaleka kupanga. Zotsatira zake, mahomoniwo satetezanso mitsempha ya magazi, mafupa ndi mafupa, khungu ndi tsitsi, ndipo ukalamba umabwera mwachangu.

• Udindo wa cholesterol pakulimbitsa ziwalo zam'mimba zilizonse ndizofunikira kwambiri. Tangoganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati ziwalo zam'mimba ziphulika mosavuta komanso zomwe mkati mwake zimafalikira kuzungulira. Ndizosamveka kuganiza motere! Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwa zimimba kumangopereka cholesterol.
• Pomaliza, pali ntchito inanso yofunika kwambiri ya cholesterol. Zimafunikira kaphatikizidwe wa vitamini D ndi mahomoni a adrenal cortex - cortisol, aldosterone ndi ena.

Holesterol yamavuto amitsempha yamagazi

Cholesterol owonjezera yemwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwindi amakhalabe m'magazi ndikuyamba kuyikidwa m'makoma a ziwiya. Monga ndidanenera, ndili mwana, makoma aorta amadzaza ndi lipids. Kapangidwe ka malo owoneka ngati sclerotic kumakhala ngati mafunde. Malo a lipid amamera ndi minyewa yolumikizana, ndiye kuti ma lipids amaikidwanso m'malo ano. Likukhalira ngati keke ya ma multilayer yama deposits yamafuta ndi ma pompo minofu yolumikizira.

Pang'onopang'ono, mawanga a lipid amafalikira kumitsempha yama coronary, subclavian, m'mimba msempha, carotid mitsempha. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imafikira kumitsempha yonse yaziphuphu. Mapalesi amapindika pang'ono ndi lumen. Vutoli limatchedwa arterial stenosis. Chikwangwani chikakhala chachikulu, malo ake amayamba kupaka zilonda ndipo magazi amayambanso kutsatira.

Mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha magazi imachepetsa mphamvu ya m'mitsempha. Magulu azinthu zamagazi amatha kuchoka ndikusamutsira ziwalo zofunika, ndikutchingira ziwiya zazikulu. Matendawa amatchedwa thromboembolism ndipo ndi ovuta kwambiri. Pomaliza, chotengera chonyansa chimatha kukulira ndi zolembera kapena ma thrombotic, ndiye zimayankhula za mtima wamanjenje.

Ndiye chifukwa chake cholesterol ndiyowopsa m'mitsempha yathu yamwazi! Okondedwa, musalole kuti mukhale ndi cholesterol yamagazi. Mwa njira zonse zomwe zilipo, muyenera kubwezeretsanso zofanizira.

Kodi cholesterol yoyenera ndiyotani?

Mwa munthu wamkulu, chizolowezi cha cholesterol ndi - 3.5 - 5.23 mmol / L. Mtengo wamalire ndi 6.2. Mkulu - oposa 6.2. Nthawi yomweyo, mwa amuna ochepera zaka 50 ndiokwera pang'ono kuposa azimayi. Paukalamba, Zizindikiro zimayenderana.

Mwa ana, pafupifupi cholesterol level ndi 3.5.

Mukamayang'ana munthu wina aliyense, amazindikira kuti mafuta m'thupi ndi ati. Chizindikiro china chofunikira chomwe chikuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yojambula yowunikira tsogolo la atherosulinosis ndi mulingo wa triglycerides. Chizindikirochi chikuwonjezeka dzino lotsekemera komanso mwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wa ufa.

Zikuwonetsa kuphwanya thupi kwa chakudya chamafuta, chifukwa owonjezera ochulukirapo amayamba kulowa m'mafuta, amenenso, monga cholesterol, amatha kutenga nawo mbali popanga mafupa a atherosulinotic. Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa triglycerides umachokera ku 2.2 mpaka 4.7 mmol / L.

Zomwe zimayang'anira cholesterol m'thupi la munthu

Kufunika kwa thupi la cholesterol kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa ma membrane am'm cell atayatsidwa kutentha kochepa / kutentha kwambiri,
• popereka zofunikira pakapangidwe ka ma asidi a bile kuti pakhale chimbudzi,
• kupanga mavitamini D, omwe amafunikira mphamvu ya calcium ndi mafupa,
• kutengeka kwamagulu osakanikirana ndi mavitamini, kupewa kuperewera kwawo mthupi,
• kutenga nawo mbali pa adrenal gland kupanga mahomoni a steroid, cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone,
• kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ogonana achikazi ndi amuna (estrogen okhala ndi progesterone ndi testosterone),
• ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma serotonin receptors mu ubongo,
• Kuteteza ma cell ku ma radicals omasuka,
• gawo lofunikira mu ntchito ya chitetezo chathupi komanso kupewa matenda a khansa.

Chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa thupi sichongowonjezera mafuta m'thupi, komanso kutsika kwake kumodzimodzi kapena kwakukulu. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kuyankha funso loti ndi thupi liti lomwe limayang'anira cholesterol m'thupi ndikuwunika thanzi lake.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusintha kwa Cholesterol

Mafuta a cholesterol abwino

Popeza mukudziwa kale komwe cholesterol imapangidwa m'thupi la munthu, mutha kuganiza kuti kusintha kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha kukanika kwa m'mimba kapena matumbo. Kuphatikiza pa kuvutitsidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta kwambiri, kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha cholesterol zimapangidwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga ma bile acid ndi chiwindi, gawo lalikulu lomwe ndi cholesterol, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yochulukirapo, yomwe imakhazikika m'matumbo mwa mawonekedwe a gallstones ndikupanga cholesterol plaque m'mitsempha yama mtima ndi ubongo.
• Kuchepa kapangidwe ka lipoprotein “othandiza” ndi chiwindi chifukwa chakusowa kwa mapuloteni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa "owopsa".
• Pankhani yakuphwanya microflora yam'mimba, monga chiwalo chomwe chimapanganso cholesterol, chomwe chitha kuchepetsa kupanga kwake, chifukwa chomwe magwiridwe antchito amthupi amawonongeka.
• Pogwiritsa ntchito cholesterol yochulukirapo m'zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, chiwindi chimayambanso kaphatikizidwe, kamene kamayambitsa ma cell pathologies.
• Ndi kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kutha kupukusa bile, komanso kuphatikiza cholesterol, yokhala ndi ndowe, yomwe imakwiya ndi kuchuluka kwawo mu minofu, magazi ndi chiwongo mwachindunji, chiwopsezo chotukuka kwa atherosulinosis, mafuta hepatosis, ndi dysbiosis chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa mabakiteriya a pathogenic m'matumbo.
• Chifukwa cha matenda oopsa. kunenepa kwambiri, ngozi ya ubongo, ndi neoplasms m'chiwindi (mwachitsanzo, hemangiomas).

Ngati malamulo azakudya zabwino azitsatiridwa, ndi cholesterol ndikosiyana ndi zabwinobwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kuti mupeze mavuto amkati omwe amayambitsa kusintha kotere.

Zofunika! Kupanga kokwanira kwa cholesterol ndi tiziwalo takugonana, komwe kumapangika ma cell a mluza, kumabweretsa zovuta pakubala ndi kubereka mwana. Chifukwa chosatheka pakugawika kwa maselo, mwana wosabadwayo amwalira kapena amayamba ndi vuto lanyama.

Njira Zachidziwitso

Posankha kuchuluka / kotsika kwa cholesterol mwa munthu mwa kusanthula kwapadera (lipidogram), gawo loyamba liyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikugwirizana naye zochita zina.

Njira zoyendetsera cholesterol imawoneka motere:

• Nthawi zambiri, kuthetsa vutoli, ndikokwanira kusintha zakudya. Kuphatikiza pa kupatula chakudya chomwe chili ndi mafuta ambiri anyama, zakudya za protein zimayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku menyu - nyama ndi nsomba, mazira ndi ena.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya lecithin tsiku ndi tsiku, yomwe, kachiwiri, imapezeka m'mazira, omwe, mothandizidwa ndi bile acid, amalepheretsa cholesterol kuti isakwane.
• Ngati kusintha kwa zakudya sikubweretsa zotsatira zooneka, muyenera kusintha cholesterol yokhala ndi mankhwala, omwe amatengedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala ndipo nthawi zina amakhala moyo wonse.

Zakudya zoyenera

Koma kuti mupewe chifukwa chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kuchokera ku chizolowezi ndikuwonongeka kwina, ndikofunikira kupewa izi: idyani zakudya zabwino komanso zosapatsa thanzi, perekani zosokoneza bongo (mowa, nikotini), perekani thupi zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri komanso kupewa mavuto.

Njira yofunikira

Komabe, kupweteketsa kwapadera pamapangidwe amafuta kungatsutsidwe. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pafupifupi 80% ya chinthucho imapangidwa mwachindunji ndi thupi la munthu. Chiwindi chimagwira gawo limodzi pamaphunzirowa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zosaposa 20% ya zinthu zonse zomwe zimalowa m'magazi mwachindunji ndi chakudya. Makina onse amagwira ntchito mwangwiro ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndikwabwinobwino. Zoyipa zilizonse zimatha kubweretsa kuphwanya kwakukulu komanso kusakwaniritsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa LDL pazambiri za HDL kumabweretsa kukula kwa mtima wamatumbo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti tichotse matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala ena. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kupanga cholesterol m'chiwindi kuyenera kuchitika mwachilengedwe, popanda kuphwanya malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito thupi.

Kodi mapangidwe a chinthuchi amapitilira bwanji?

Njira zopangira mowa wamafuta ndizovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa mevalonate chimapangidwa. Zinthu zotere zimapangidwa kuti ziwongolele kuyenda kwa metabolic ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Pambuyo pakupanga kwa chigawo chimodzi mokwanira, kuphatikiza kwina kwa mankhwala kumapitilira, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga isoprenoid. Vuto lofananalo limasiyanitsidwa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala m'thupi la munthu. Zotsatira zake pakupanga mamolekyu asanu ndi limodzi ovuta, squalene imapangidwa, omwe ndiye maziko a mapangidwe a lanosterol. Pambuyo pazovuta zovuta zamankhwala zimachitika, cholesterol imapangidwa.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi ntchito za chinthu

Dongosolo lamagetsi amtundu wa anthu silimadzaza ndi penti yokha, yotchedwa cholesterol, koma ndi osakanikirana ndi mapuloteni a lipoprotein. Mu thupi la munthu muli mitundu iwiri ya ma lipoprotein:

• HDL (lipoproteins yapamwamba) - ndimagulu othandiza,
• LDL (low density lipoproteins) - zinthu zimagawidwa ngati zinthu zovulaza zomwe "zimatseka" ziwiya zamunthu.

Ndi lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri yomwe imayimira chiopsezo chenicheni cha kugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Amatulutsa. zomwe zimawoneka ngati makristulo a cholesterol, amatha kudziunjikira m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikusokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi. Kwa wodwala yemwe amakhala ndi LDL yayikulu m'magazi, chiopsezo chotukuka ndi mtima wamankhwala ukuwonjezeka. Madipoziti amafuta amatsogolera ku lumen, kuchepa kwa ziwalo zofunikira kumasokonekera. Kuopsa kwa kuundana kwa magazi kumawonjezeka kangapo. Kupanga kofananako, kapena kuwonongeka kwawo, kungayambitse matenda a thrombosis.

Poganizira ntchito za gawo lothandiza, ndikofunikira kutchula:

• kuonetsetsa kuti mahomoni ogonana,
• Kukhazikika kwa milingo yapamwamba ya m'mimba kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa zomwe zikuchitika mu ubongo wa munthu,
• mowa wamafuta ndiye maziko opanga vitamini D,
• imateteza maselo ku zotsatira zamagulu amisempha omasuka,
• imatenga nawo mbali machitidwe a metabolic.

Kutengera ndi chidziwitso ichi, titha kunena kuti kupanga cholesterol m'chiwindi kuyenera kuchitika mwachilengedwe. Kuphwanya njirayi sikuyenera kukhala.

Zifukwa zazikulu zowonjezereka

Ubwino ungachotsedwe pazinthu zabwino zokha, pomwe zoyipa zimapweteketsa anthu. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa kumatha kudzetsa mavuto akulu mwa azaka zosiyanasiyana, mosaganizira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi.

Kapangidwe ka cholesterol m'thupi kumachitika chifukwa cha chiwindi, koma njirazi, zikaonekera pazovuta, zimatha kugwira ntchito.

Pakati pa mndandanda wa zifukwa zomwe zingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa mowa wamafuta ndi:

1. Kukula kwa zakudya zamafuta kwambiri m'zakudya za wodwalayo. Zakudya zotere zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikula. Thupi laumunthu silitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zonse zomwe zikubwera. Ndikofunikira kudziwa komwe cholesterol ili komanso kupewa zakudya zofananira.
2. Kuzunza. Vuto lofananalo limakumana ndi anthu ambiri. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti muyenera kudya zazing'ono, koma pafupipafupi. Mkhalidwe woterewu uthandizira kupewa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta andewu komanso kupewa kunenepa kwambiri.
3. Zinthu zoipa. Mu chiwindi, "zosatheka" zingachitike ngati wodwala amamwa mowa wambiri. Nikotini amachita pamunthu osati mwanjira yabwino kwambiri, ndipo chiwindi, monga mtundu wa mafyuluta, pakadali pano amatenga katundu wolemera.
4. Kumwa kwa mankhwala ena ake. Chithandizo chilichonse chokhudza thupi chiyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi adokotala.
5. Zofunikira zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa chigawocho zimapangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ena: matenda oopsa, aimpso, matenda a kapamba, kukhalapo kwa njira zotupa.
6. Kudziletsa. Zotsatira zamtunduwu zimathandizanso kwambiri pakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.

Yang'anani! Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi kumawonedwa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa michere ya pancreatic, gulu ili la anthu liyenera kuyandikira mosamalitsa nkhani ya zakudya.

Akatswiri amati azimayi ndi abambo onse amatha kukumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zisonyezo zovuta pamsinkhu uliwonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupanga kwa cholesterol m'chiwindi kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso apadera.

Kuunikaku ndikothandiza kwa odwala onse azaka zopitilira 30, mosamalitsa pa nkhaniyi ayenera kufikiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chotsogola. Pofufuza, zinthu zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - magazi a anthu. Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa kuperekera kwa mayeso amwazi wa biochemical sikofunikira.

Yang'anani! Phlebologist amayenera kuthana ndi kumasulira kwa zotsatira za phunziroli. Ndi dokotala yekha amene angadziwe molondola kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zomwe zapezeka kwa wodwala wina. Modziyesa kuyesa kubala komanso kupereka chithandizo sikuyenera kutero.

Kupanga kwa lipoprotein

Njira yopanga lipoprotein mwa anthu ndiosalimba. Mutha kuthyolako pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda mafuta. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti thupi lathanzi liyenera kudya zinthu zonse zofunika kuti zidziwike:

Madotolo atsimikizira kuti kulephera pakupanga milingo yayitali ya lipoproteins ndi chiwindi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa kudya kwa anthu kwa nyama.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, ziyenera kufotokozedwa mwachidule - njira yopangira cholesterol m'thupi ndi gawo lofunikira lothandizidwa ndi moyo. Kulephera kwa njirayi kumaphatikizapo kukula kwa ma pathologies akulu, pomwe ndizowopsa kuchepetsa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi HDL. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'mimba, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi ndi nthawi momwe zinthu zikupatuka, tengani njira zochizira panthawi yake.