Matendawa: Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a metabolic, omwe, chifukwa chosakwanira kapangidwe ka insulin ndi kapamba kapena chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwa timadzi timeneti, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka (kupitirira 6 mmol / l pamimba yopanda kanthu). Izi zimayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zingapo zamankhwala ndipo ndizowopsa pakupanga zovuta zingapo zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wolumala komanso ngakhale kufa kwa wodwalayo.

Matenda a shuga angathe kukhala amitundu iwiri: Mtundu wodalira insulini 1 (mulibe insulin yokwanira mthupi) komanso osagwirizana ndi insulini kapena mtundu 2 (wokhala ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa, timadzi timene timatulutsa, koma timuyo tawo sitikhudzidwa nawo).

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali aang'ono, ndipo, monga lamulo, zonse mwadzidzidzi. Mtundu wachiwiri ndiwofanana ndi wa anthu achikulire ndipo umayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti, poyambirira ndikuphwanya kulekerera shuga kapena shuga, ndiye kuti ngati munthu sakudziwa za mavuto ake kapena sakusamala zaumoyo, njirayo ikupita patsogolo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga komanso zinthu zoopsa

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowononga za autoimmune m'maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvulala, zotupa zamafuta, kutupa ndi khansa ya kapamba zimatha kuyambitsa kuphwanya mapangidwe a insulin.

Kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, chifukwa chachikulu ndicho kunenepa kwambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa ma insulin receptors mu adipose minofu amasintha ndipo amasiya kugwira ntchito. Komanso ma receptors amatha kuwonongeka ndi njira zosiyanasiyana za autoimmune.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1:

1. Wophedwa ndi cholowa.
2. Kulemera kwambiri kwa mwana.
3. Matenda a autoimmune.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2:

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda:

Polyuria Wodwala nthawi zambiri amapita kuchimbudzi, kukakamiza kukodza kangapo usiku. Polydipsia Pali ludzu lamphamvu, likuuma kuchokera mkamwa, kotero wodwalayo amamwa madzi ambiri. Polyphagy Ndikufuna kudya osati chifukwa thupi limafunikira chakudya, koma chifukwa cha njala ya m'maselo. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, glucose samatengedwa ndi maselo, minofu imakhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwa mphamvu ndikukutumiza mauthenga ofananirana ku ubongo.

Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, Zizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimawonekera kwambiri, pomwe wodwalayo amayambiranso kuchepa thupi. Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amakula pang'onopang'ono, motero, zizindikiro za matendawa sizitchulidwa kawirikawiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda osiyanasiyana akhungu lotupa (mwachitsanzo, furunculosis), matenda opumira pafupipafupi, kuchiritsa kwamabala ndi kupsinjika kwa thupi, kuuma ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, malaise, kupweteka mutu komanso kuchepa kwakukulu pantchito ndi chikhalidwe cha odwala matenda ashuga.

Ngati zizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwa za matenda a shuga zimachitika, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi katswiri kapena endocrinologist kuti mupeze komanso kudziwa koyipa kwa zovuta za endocrine.

Mavuto ndi njira zamankhwala

Mavuto owopsa a shuga ndi monga:

Hypoglycemia (itha kutha ndi chikomokere).

Komabe, zovuta za matenda ashuga sizimangokhala ndi mavuto owopsa. Ndi matendawa, thupi lonse limavutika, motero, mwa odwala nthawi zambiri zovuta zamatenda zimayamba.

Mitundu ina ya zovuta za matenda ashuga:

• Nephropathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso komwe kungayambitse kulephera kwa impso.
• Retinopathy - kuwonongeka kwa retina, kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamawonedwe.
• Polyneuropathy, momwe "goosebumps" amawonekera, dzanzi la miyendo, kukokana.
• Matenda a shuga, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi ming'alu ndi zilonda zam'mimba pakhungu. Vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kayendedwe ka magazi m'miyendo.
• Mavuto amisala

Masiku ano, chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndi chisonyezo chabe, ndiye kuti, cholinga chake nchoti magazi azikhala ndi shuga komanso kupewa mavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amagwira ntchito yophunzitsira ndi odwala: amawaphunzitsa zoyambira zodziyang'anira mothandizidwa ndi ma glucometer onyamula, amauzanso momwe angapangire insulin komanso kupanga bwino chakudya chamagulu a shuga.

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, jakisoni wa insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mumtundu wachiwiri - mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe amatengedwa pakamwa. Kusankha kwa mankhwala kuyenera kuchitidwa kokha ndi dokotala.

Lembani mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga

• Glucofage 500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg (chinthu chogwira ndi metformin hydrochloride), Germany
• Gluconil 500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg (metformin hydrochloride), Kazakhstan
• Maninil 3.5 mg, 5 mg (monga gawo la glibenclamide), Germany
• Gliclazide 80 mg (yogwira ndi glyclazide), Kazakhstan
• Glucovans 500 mg / 2.5 mg, 500 mg / 5 mg (monga gawo la metformin hydrochloride, glibenclamide), France
• Siofor 500 mg, 850 mg (metformin hydrochloride), Germany
• Diabeteson MR 30 mg, 60 mg (kutengera gliclazide), France
• Glucobai 50 mg, 100 mg (yogwira mankhwala ndi acarbose), Germany
• Metfogamma 500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg (metformin hydrochloride), Germany
• Antaris 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg (glacepiride yogwira pophika), Kazakhstan
• Amaryl 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg (glimepiride), Germany
• NovoNorm 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg (Dutu repaglinide), Denmark
• Oligim 520 mg (wowonjezera zakudya, inulin, gimnema yotulutsa), Evalar, Russia

Kupewera kukula kwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wogwira ntchito woletsa kunenepa kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amayenera kudya zakudya zawo (ndibwino kuchotseratu mafuta "owopsa") ndikumayesedwa pafupipafupi. Ngati chizindikiro chilichonse cha matenda a shuga chikuwoneka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi achipatala msanga momwe mungadziwire.

Chifukwa chiyani thupi likufunika insulini?

Insulin m'thupi imagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa "fungulo", ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga alowe m'magazi a thupi la munthu. Kusapezeka kapena kusowa kwa insulin kumayambitsa matenda a shuga.

V. Malova: Galina Nikolaevna, pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a shuga, ndichidziwikire chilichonse cha izi?

G. Milyukova: Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba sangathe kupanga insulini. Mutatha kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, shuga m'magazi amakwera, koma sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Matendawa amatchedwa hyperglycemia, akapangidwa, imayambitsa kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga ndi imfa.

- Ndi chiani chomwe chingayambitse matenda a shuga a 2?

- Amadziwika bwino: kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri, kudya mopanda thanzi, kukhala phee, nkhawa, kusuta.

- Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga?

- Kukodza pafupipafupi (polyuria) (kuphatikiza usiku), komwe kumawonetsa kupezeka kwa glucose mu mkodzo (kusanthula kwamankhwala mumalungo kumathandizira kuzindikira kupezeka kwake). Udzu wokhazikika (polydipsia) - chifukwa chosowa kwamadzi m'thupi chifukwa chofuna kukodza pafupipafupi. Kumverera kwamphamvu, kwamphamvu kwa njala (polyphagy), komwe kumawoneka ngati kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Kuperewera kwa insulin sikulola kuti maselo amwe glucose, chifukwa chake, ngakhale atakhala ndi zakudya zabwino, wodwalayo amamva njala.

Mwa njira, kuchepa thupi mwachangu kumakhala mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1. Popeza glucose sakukhudzidwanso ndi metabolism yamphamvu, kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya kwamphamvu kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi ludzu komanso chidwi chambiri, chizindikiro chodabwitsachi chimayenera kukhala chifukwa chofunsira thandizo kuchipatala.

Zizindikiro zowonjezereka zitha kuwonjezeredwa pazizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zili pamwambapa: kukamwa kowuma, kupweteka mutu, chizungulire komanso kufooka, mavuto ammaso, khungu loyipa ndikutupa, mkono ndi miyendo, kumverera kwa "kunong'ona" mu minofu. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, pamakhala mkodzo.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku matenda ashuga?

- Kupatula zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi wodwala?

- Ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukuwopsezedwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, musanyalanyaze masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda mwachangu, kuthamanga, kupalasa njinga, kuyenda m'miyendo, kusambira, kusambira, kulimbitsa thupi, masewera akunja ndi ana, kuyenda masitepe, etc.). Muyenera kuphunzitsa bwino katatu pa sabata kwa maola 1-1,5. Dzitetezeni nokha ndi okondedwa anu pamavuto. Chifukwa kupsinjika kumakupangitsani kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, onetsetsani kuti magazi anu ali pansi: pezani magazi kunyumba. Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zamthupi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

-Osuta ali pachiwopsezo.

-Atsi osuta chifukwa cha chikonga amakhala ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ndipo zotsatira zabwino za ndudu pamankhwala amanjenje si nthano chabe.

- Pali lingaliro lakuti matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi kumwa kosalamulira kwa mapiritsi a mahomoni.

- Mwachilengedwe, dokotala amayenera kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya mahomoni, kudzichiritsa nokha ndikosavomerezeka komanso koopsa.

- Pali nthano ina: mwa mayi woyembekezera yemwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga kapena wokhala ndi matendawa ku khadi lake lobadwa nawo, mwana amabadwa ndi matenda ashuga.

- Thanzi la mwana wakhanda limadalira kwambiri thanzi la mayi panthawi yapakati. Kusakhalapo kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala, utoto ndi zina zowonjezera pakudya kwa mayi woyembekezera komanso mayi woyamwitsa, kuyamwitsa kwanthawi yayitali (mpaka zaka 1.5) kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana. Amayi amafunikanso kudziwa njira zothandizira kupewa fuluwenza, kachilombo ka herpes simplex, mamps, rubella. Amayenera kutsatira malangizo a dotolo pankhani ya zakudya zoyenera. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Kubadwa kwa ana olemera kuposa makilogalamu anayi kumawonetsa kuopsa koyambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga m'mayi. Izi, komanso ngati banja lili ndi odwala matenda a shuga 2, pambuyo pa zaka 45, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwunikenso kawiri: nthawi yoyamba - m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, kachiwiri maola awiri mutatha kudya.

- Mumalangiza achibale kuti asamangoyang'ana wodwala anu mosamala, komanso kuti azikhala ndi moyo wabwino banja lonse. Ndi mphatso zopereka glucometer ndi zingwe zoyesa?

- Kulumikizana kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 komanso njira ya moyo kumadziwika kwambiri kuposa matenda ena amphanvu. Chifukwa chake, sikofunikira kuphika padera zakudya za anthu ashuga m'banjamo, koma kuti onse azikonda chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Tonometer, glucometer, mizere yoyesera, mavitamini apadera amabweretsa chisangalalo chochulukirapo komanso chopindulitsa kuposa gawo lina la zofunda kapena bafa zana ndi loyambira kwa okondedwa anu.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga

Palibe zifukwa zomveka zopangira matenda ashuga. Pali kuphatikiza pazinthu zodziwikiratu. Kudziwa kwawo kumathandizira kuneneratu za chitukuko, matendawo komanso kupewa.

• Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, moyo wongokhala umawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a 2. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matendawa ndi moyo wokangalika. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kulimbana ndi kusowa tulo komanso kukhala wathanzi.

• Kunenepa kwambiri 85% kumawonedwa mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'mimba kumabweretsa chifukwa chakuti ma cell a kapamba sangakhale ndi zotsatira za insulin. The insulin ya mahomoni ndiyofunikira kuti kulowa kwa glucose kulowa m'maselo kukhala mphamvu. Ngati maselowo ali ndi insulin, ndiye kuti glucose samakonzedwa, koma amadziunjikira m'magazi, omwe amayambitsa matenda a shuga.

• Kuzindikiridwa kosadziwika kwa boma la matenda ashuga asanakwane (shuga yayikulu, koma osafanananso ndi matenda ashuga).

• Palibe maola okwanira kugona. Kusowa tulo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mahomoni opsinjika, omwe amachititsa kutopa kwa thupi. Anthu omwe amagona pang'ono amakhala ndi njala yowonjezereka. Amadya kwambiri ndikupeza kulemera kowonjezereka, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa shuga. Muyenera kugona maola 7 mpaka 8 kuti mupumule bwino.

• Chakudya chopanda malire ndi kusowa kwa mavitamini, michere, amino acid kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

• Kudya zakumwa zambiri za shuga kumapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga. M'malo mwa zakumwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa madzi oyera.

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mtolo wowonjezera pamtima. Matenda oopsa samayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi matendawa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

• Kukhumudwa kumawonjezera mwayi wanu wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi 60%. Ndi kupsinjika, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni kumachitika, munthu samasewera masewera, amakhala wochepa chakudya, amakhala wopanikizika, wokhumudwa, wopsinjika, komwe kumawononga thupi.

• Age - mtundu 2 matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakula mwa anthu, makamaka azimayi, omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40. Pazaka izi, misa yamisempha imachepa, metabolism imachepetsa, kulemera kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka 40, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuwunikira moyo wabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

• Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa abale apamtima ndi chinthu chobadwa nacho.

• Mpikisano - Anthu aku Asia aku America ndi ku America ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha 99% chotenga matenda ashuga kuposa azungu.

Kudziletsa

Mu malo oyamba akuyenera kuwonetsa zamtsogolo (kapena majini). Pafupifupi akatswiri onse amavomereza. kuti mwayi wodwala matenda a shuga ukuwonjezeka ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a shuga - m'modzi mwa makolo anu, m'bale kapena mlongo. Komabe, magawo osiyanasiyana amapereka manambala osiyanasiyana omwe amawona kuthekera kwa matendawa. Pali kuonedwa kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga umabadwa ndi mwayi wokhala ndi 3-7% kuchokera ku mbali ya amayi komanso kuthekera kwa 10% kuchokera kwa abambo. Ngati makolo onse akudwala, ngozi ya matendawa imawonjezeka kangapo mpaka 70%. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu wachibadwa amabadwa ndi 80% yotheka kumbali ya amayi ndi abambo, ndipo ngati makolo onse akudwala matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, kuthekera kwa kuwonekera kwake kwa ana kumayandikira 100%.

Malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, palibe kusiyana kwenikweni pakukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi a 2. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati abambo anu kapena amayi anu amadwala ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti inunso kuti mukudwala ndi pafupifupi 30%. Ngati makolo onse anali kudwala, ndiye kuti mwina matenda anuwo ndi pafupifupi 60%. kubalalitsa kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuti zodalirika zonse pankhaniyi zilibe. Koma chachikulu ndichodziwikiratu: cholowa chamabadwa chimakhalapo, ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa m'mikhalidwe yambiri, mwachitsanzo, muukwati ndi kulera. Ngati chibadwidwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti ana amafunika kukonzekera chifukwa nawonso amadwala. Tikuyenera kufotokozeredwa kuti ndi gulu la "chiopsezo", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zina zonse zomwe zikukhudza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga siziyenera kusintha moyo wawo.

Choyambilira chachiwiri chomwe chikuyambitsa matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri.Mwamwayi, izi sizingasinthidwe ngati munthu, akudziwa za ngozi yonseyo, amalimbana kwambiri ndi kunenepa ndikupambana ndewu.

Kuwonongeka kwa maselo a Beta

Chifukwa chachitatu ndi matenda ena omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta. Awa ndi matenda a pancreatic - kapamba, khansa ya kapamba, matenda am'minyewa ya endocrine. Zomwe zimapangitsa pamilandu iyi ndi kuvulala.

Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus

Chifukwa chachinayi ndimatenda osiyanasiyana amtundu (rubella, chikuku, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena, kuphatikizapo chimfine). Matendawa amatenga gawo lomwe limayambitsa matendawa. Mwachionekere, kwa anthu ambiri, chimfine sichikhala chiyambi cha matenda ashuga. Koma ngati uyu ndi munthu wonenepa kwambiri wokhala ndi chibadwa cholakwika, ndiye kuti chimfine chimamuopseza. Munthu yemwe m'mabanja mwake munalibe odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudwala chimfine komanso matenda ena opatsirana - ndipo mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi wocheperako kuposa wa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake kuphatikiza pazinthu zoopsa kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matendawa kangapo.

Kupsinjika kwa mantha

Mu malo achisanu azitchedwa kupsinjika kwamanjenje ngati chinthu chodziwikiratu. Makamaka ndikofunikira kupewetsa kuchuluka kwa mantha ndi malingaliro kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholowa champhamvu komanso omwe ali onenepa kwambiri.

M'malo achisanu ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambira zaka. Pamene munthu wamkuluyo ali, ndiye chifukwa choopera kudwala matenda ashuga. Amakhulupirira kuti pakukula kwa zaka khumi zilizonse, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga umawirikiza. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amakhala osungirako osungirako okalamba amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi malipoti ena, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi ukalamba sichimatha kukhala chinthu chomaliza. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngati kholo lanu limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwina matendawa ndi 30% azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 55, ndipo atatha zaka 60, 10% yokha.

Ambiri amakhulupirira (mwachiwonekere, kuyang'ana pa dzina la matendawa) kuti chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga chakudya ndikuti matenda ashuga amakhudzidwa ndi dzino lokoma, omwe adayika supuni zisanu za tiyi ndi kumwa tiyi ndi maswiti ndi makeke. Pali chowonadi china pamenepa, pokhapokha ngati munthu amene ali ndi zizolowezi zotere amadya kwambiri.

Ndipo chakuti kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda ashuga kwatsimikiziridwa kuti ndikulondola.

Tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukulira, ndipo matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha matenda achitukuko, ndiye kuti, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochulukirapo, zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri chomanga thupi, chakudya chotukuka. Chifukwa chake, kwambiri, matenda ashuga ali ndi zifukwa zingapo, nthawi iliyonse akhoza kukhala amodzi mwa iwo. Nthawi zina, vuto linalake la maholide limayambitsa matenda a shuga, nthawi zina matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapamba omwe amachitika atatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga amatha kuonongeka ndi ma virus m'maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Poyankha, chitetezo cha m'thupi chimapanga ma antibodies omwe amatchedwa antibodies a insular. Ngakhale zifukwa zomwe zimafotokozedweratu sizokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, ziwerengero zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa: 20% iliyonse yakulemera kwambiri imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumathandizanso kuti shuga azithamanga. Nthawi yomweyo, zikuwonekeratu kuti si onse omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, ngakhale ali ndi vuto lalikulu, akudwala matenda a shuga.

Zambiri sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Amadziwika, mwachitsanzo, kuti insulin kukana (ndiye kuti, momwe ma cell samayankhira insulin yamagazi) zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zolandilira zomwe zili pafoni. Zinthu zolandirana ndi malo omwe ali pamwamba pa khoma la cell omwe amayankha kuti insulini ikuzungulira m'magazi, motero shuga ndi ma amino acid amatha kulowa mu cell.

Ma insulin receptors amachita ngati mtundu wa "maloko", ndipo insulin ikhoza kufaniziridwa ndi kiyi yomwe imatsegula maloko ndikulola glucose kulowa mu cell. Iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, pazifukwa zina, amakhala ndi insulin receptor kapena samagwira mokwanira.

Komabe, munthu safunika kuganiza kuti ngati asayansi sangathe kufotokoza zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe apeza pazakuwonjezereka kwa magulu ashuga m'magulu osiyanasiyana aanthu ndizopanda phindu. Osatengera izi, magulu omwe adadziwika amatilola kuti tiziwatsogolera anthu masiku ano, kuti tiwachenjeze osasamala komanso osaganizira ena. Osati okhawo omwe makolo awo akudwala matenda a shuga ayenera kusamalira. Kupatula apo, matenda ashuga amatha kubadwa komanso kutengedwa. Kuphatikizidwa kwazinthu zingapo zowonjezera kumapangitsa mwayi wa matenda ashuga: kwa wodwala onenepa, yemwe nthawi zambiri akudwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi - fuluwenza, ndi zina, izi ndizofanana ndendende ndi anthu omwe ali ndi cholowa chowonjezera. Chifukwa chake anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kukhala atcheru. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipira mkhalidwe wanu kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amapezeka munthawi imeneyi. Vutoli limasokonekera chifukwa chakuti panthawiyi vuto lanu lingakhale lolakwika chifukwa cha kachilomboka. Kuzindikira koyenera kumatha kuchitika potsatira kusanthula kwa shuga wamagazi.

Zizindikiro zoyipa

• Matenda oopsa. Imachitika kawiri kawiri kawiri, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makoma a zotengera zoonda. M'malo mwake, mtima uyenera kutenga mbali imeneyo ya kukakamizidwa kumene kumapangidwa ndi minyewa ya arterioles.
• Neuropathy. Zakudya zowonjezera zimakhudza mitsempha. Zochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti pali kuphwanya kwamvekedwe, kukokana, kupweteka, ndi zina zambiri.
• Retinopathy Mavuto amawonetsedwa osati mu mitsempha yayikulu ndi ma arterioles, komanso m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyanika kwa retinal kumatha kuyamba chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa magazi.
• Nephropathy Chilichonse ndichofanana, zida zosefera zokha zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Mkozo umaleka kuzama, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zoyipa m'magazi zimadziunjikira. Kuyambira nephropathy mpaka matenda aimpso kulephera - kuponya kwa mwala.

Kaya muli pachiwopsezo kapena ayi, mulimonsemo, ngati mukumva kuti mulibe chiyembekezo kapena mukukayikira china chake chazizindikiro, nthawi zonse pitani upangiri wa akatswiri. Ndi okhawo omwe angadziwe zoyenera ndi kupereka chithandizo choyenera.

Tikukhulupiliranso kuti zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kudziwa zomwe muyenera kudya kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2. Mwa njira, chakudyacho sichili chovuta, osanenanso kuti kuchokera pazinthu zomwe zilipo mutha kuphika china chokoma kwambiri.

Kukula kwa matenda

Dzinalo palokha limayambitsa matenda - shuga. Inde, pang'ono pokha izi sizingavulaze thanzi, komanso kuposa pamenepo, ku moyo. Komabe, kuchulukirapo kwake kumatha kudzetsa mavuto angapo omwe amadza chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

1. Mfundo yoyamba yomwe imathandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi chakudya. Ndi za kudya kwambiri shuga, ufa, komanso zakumwa zina zakumwa.
2. Vuto lachiwiri lomwe limayambitsa matendawa ndi kusachita zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zimagwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi moyo wongokhala popanda kupita kukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zotsatira zake pamwambapa, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi a munthu.

Malamulo onse azakudya

Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino yopewa matendawa ndikuwongolera menyu. Muyenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, komanso kuchuluka kwa kalori tsiku lililonse.

• Zakudya zomanga thupi zimapanikizika ndi kapamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
• Ndikofunikanso kutsatira zakudya. Njira yabwino ndikugawa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku muzakudya 5-6.
• Ngati mumadya zakudya zambiri muzakudya za 1-2 patsiku, thupi limayamba kuda nkhawa kuti nthawi ina mukadzadyetsanso posachedwa, ndiye kuti limayamba kusunga mphamvu kumbali yake, ndikupanga "life buoy" m'chiuno.
• Yesani kusadya kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipira ku njira yophika. Zothandiza kwambiri zidzakhala zotentha, zophika, komanso zophikidwa mu uvuni.

Zopatsa mphamvu

Popewa matenda a shuga, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu. Funsoli ndi la aliyense payekha, koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kulemera kuyenera kutsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, osadzakhala ndi njala. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwama calories omwe amadya patsiku sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 1200 kcal kwa odwala achikazi, ndi 1500 kcal kwa odwala amuna.

Koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo, kabichi, zukini, dzungu, nkhaka, biringanya ndi tomato imakhala ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri.

• Kuphika mbale zochokera pa iwo. Choyamba, mudzakhala chokwanira, ndipo chachiwiri, kunenepa kwambiri kuphika koyenera sikukula.
• Ngati chakudya cham'mbali, mmalo mwa mbatata yosenda ndi mkate woyera, mumakonda chimanga, chimangachi, mapira, oatmeal, ndi barele ya ngale.
• Pofuna kuti musasiye thupi popanda mapuloteni, m'malo mwa nyama yamafuta, idyani nsomba, mafuta amkaka otsika, komanso nyama yochepa.