Matenda a shuga amatchedwa "wakupha wokoma." Pakuwona kwake padziko lapansi pali anthu opitilira 400 miliyoni. Ndipo, malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumachulukanso zaka khumi ndi zisanu zilizonse.

"Woyambitsa Wotsekemera" ndiwachinyengo, chifukwa imatha kuyang'ana yemwe wawagwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo osadziulula. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi kudya mwachangu, kunenepa kwambiri, kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika. Ndipo, zoona, cholowa choyipa. Koma matenda ashuga si sentensi! Zakudya zabwino za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimawathandiza kwambiri kuchiza, zimakupatsani thanzi labwino komanso moyo wabwino.

Pazosankha zamasiku ano - nkhani za otchuka omwe ali ndi matenda, komanso za omwe adatayika munkhondo yosayenerera. Ndiponso - malangizo ndi malingaliro a madokotala odziwika, asayansi - akatswiri odziwa bwino za nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga, maphikidwe a zakudya zowoneka bwino komanso zosavuta zokhala ndi michere yambiri komanso mafuta ochepa.

Matenda a shuga amatchedwa "wakupha wokoma." Pakuwona kwake padziko lapansi pali anthu 400 miliyoni, ku Russia - opitilira mamiliyoni 10. Ichi ndi mzinda wonse. Ndipo, malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumachulukanso zaka khumi ndi zisanu zilizonse. "Woyambitsa Wotsekemera" ndiwachinyengo, chifukwa imatha kuyang'ana yemwe wawagwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo osadziulula. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi kudya mwachangu, kunenepa kwambiri, kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika. Ndipo, zoona, cholowa choyipa. Koma matenda ashuga si sentensi! Masiku ano, anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo zinthu zimamuyendera bwino. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mipata ya anthu odziwika, kuphatikizapo: Herbert Wells, Ernest Hemingway, Pier Anthony, Fedor Chaliapin, Yuri Nikulin, Mikhail Boyarsky, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Ella Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Taylor, Sharon Stone, Mikhail Volontir, Peler, Criel, Bill Matenda a shuga sanawaphwanye, koma adawapangitsa kukhala olimba mu mzimu. Bukuli lili ndi nkhani za anthu aku Russia komanso akunja omwe ali ndi matenda, komanso za omwe adagonja pankhondo yosayenerana. Ndiponso - malangizo ndi malingaliro a madokotala odziwika, asayansi - akatswiri odziwa bwino za nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga.

Mapulogalamu apadera omwe ali ndi mndandanda wazakudya ndi mavidiyo awo - kuchokera kwa wolemba wogulitsa kwambiri pa matenda ashuga! Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zalembedwa m'bukhuli, owerenga amawerengera magawo a buledi mu zinthuzo, apanga chakudya chake moyenera ndipo athe kuthana ndi hypoglycemia mwachangu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi gawo lazakudya pamaso pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso matenda ena, pamene kuli kofunikira kuti chakudya chimakhala mankhwala.

Wophika pang'onopang'ono mutha kuphika mosavuta ndikungophika zakudya zokoma zomwe zili ndizakudya zambiri komanso mafuta ochepa kuchokera pazinthu zingapo (nyama, nsomba, masamba, zipatso, ndi zina). Timapereka maphikidwe a maphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri, mbale zam'mbali, komanso zophikira ndi zakudya zamafuta a matenda ashuga.

Wophika pang'onopang'ono mutha kuphika mosavuta ndikungophika zakudya zokoma zomwe zili ndizakudya zambiri komanso mafuta ochepa kuchokera pazinthu zingapo (nyama, nsomba, masamba, zipatso, ndi zina). Timapereka maphikidwe a maphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri, mbale zam'mbali, komanso zophikira ndi zakudya zamafuta a matenda ashuga.

Ndani adanena kuti chakudya cha matenda ashuga sichinthu chosasangalatsa komanso chosasangalatsa? Izi ndizowona kuti sizowona ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito makhadi okhala ndi maphikidwe okonzera misala komanso zakudya zabwino! Mutha kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ngati nsomba, nkhuku, nyama yopatsa thanzi, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba!

Unikani mabuku abwino onena za matenda ashuga mzaka 5 zapitazi

Nkhani zenizeni zamankhwala komanso maphunziro a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda A E-zida: mndandanda wamisonkhano yambiri. - 3.41 Kb. - Moscow, 2013.

Nkhani zenizeni za endocrinology muzochita zamankhwala: zolemba zamankhwala madokotala / M. N. Kalinkin, L. V. Shpak, Yu. A. Volkova, E. I. Berezina, D. V. Kileinikov, O. A. Lazdin, I. V. Medvedev, S. A. Smirnov, S. N. Beldiev, E. V. Andreeva, ed. M.N. Kalinkin, L.V. Shpak. - Tver: Factor ndi K, 2014. - 698 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 691 - 698.

Ametov, Alexander Sergeevich.

Type 2 shuga. Mavuto ndi mayankho: T. 1 / Alexander Sergeevich Ametov. - 3rd ed., Yokonzedwanso. ndi kuwonjezera. - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2015 .-- 350 p. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Ametov, Alexander Sergeevich.

Type 2 shuga. Mavuto ndi mayankho: T. 2 / Alexander Sergeevich Ametov. - 3rd ed., Yokonzedwanso. ndi kuwonjezera. - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2015 .-- 278 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Ametov, Alexander Sergeevich.

Type 2 shuga. Mavuto ndi mayankho / Alexander Sergeevich Ametov. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2012 .-- 696 p. : pic

Matenda a shuga a matenda ashuga: matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa / M. B. Antsiferov, E. Yu. Komelyagina. - Moscow: Medical News Agency, 2013. - 304 p. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Matenda a shuga si mawu: Pa moyo, chiyembekezo komanso chiyembekezo cha odwala matenda ashuga / Mikhail Akhmanov. - SPb. : Chiyembekezo cha Nevsky, 2005 .-- 187 p. - (Dokotala akulangizani).

Chithandizo champhamvu komanso chadzidzidzi mu endocrinology: manja. kwa madokotala / V. L. Bogdanovich. - N. Novgorod: boma la Novgorod. honey.acad., 2000 .-- 324 p.

Bokarev, Igor Nikolaevich.

Matenda a shuga: manja. kwa madokotala / Igor Nikolaevich Bokarev, Vladimir Kuzmich Velikov, Olga Ivanovna Shubina. - M: Medical News Agency, 2006. - 394 p. - Bibilia: p. 387-394.

Matenda a endocrine system: manja. pa mankhwala amkati / ed. II.Dedov. - M: Mankhwala, 2000 .-- 568 p. : kudwala.

Cooper, Tatyana Petrovna.

Laboratory ndi matenda matenda a shuga mellitus ndi zovuta / Tatyana Petrovna Bondar, Gennady Ivanovich Kozinets. - M: Medical News Agency, 2003. - 87 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 83 - 87.

Boroyan, Roman Gukasovich.

Clinical Pharmacology: Psychiatry, Neurology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology / Romen Gukasovich Boroyan. - M: Medical News Agency, 2000. - 422 p.

Mawonekedwe amaso a shuga / ed. L.I. Balashevich. - SPb. : Boma la St. wokondedwa Acad. maphunziro omaliza, 2004. - 382 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Glycosylated hemoglobin ndi mafuta aulere acids pamavuto a matenda ashuga ndi metabolic syndrome: Mwayi watsopano wazidziwitso, mankhwala ndi kuwunika kwawopsa. - Moscow: b. ndi., 2014 .-- 100 s. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Diabetesic nephropathy / Endocrinological SC RAMS / I. I. Dedov, M.V. Shestakova. - M: Kufalitsa Universum, 2000. - 240 s.

Mgwirizano waku Russia mothandizidwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kwa ana ndi achinyamata / ine. I. Dedov, V. A. Peterkova, T. L. Kuraeva. - M: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 27 p.

Agogo, a Ivan Ivanovich.

Maupangiri a Pediatric Endocrinology / Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Valentina Aleksandrovna Peterkova. - M: Kufalitsa Universum, 2006 .-- 595 p. : kudwala.

Agogo, a Ivan Ivanovich.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa oopsa: buku la madokotala / Russian Acad. wokondedwa Sayansi / Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova. - M: Medical News Agency, 2006. - 343 p. - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa machaputala lamulo

Agogo, a Ivan Ivanovich.

Matenda a shuga: retinopathy, nephropathy / Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova, Tamara Miroslavovna Milenkaya. - M: Mankhwala, 2001 .-- 176 p. : kudwala. - (Library of the task).

Agogo, a Ivan Ivanovich.

Matenda a shuga: chiwongolero cha madokotala / Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova. - M: Kufalitsa Universum, 2003 .-- 455 p. : kudwala.

Matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata / ine. I. Dedov, T. L. Kuraeva, V. A. Peterkova. - 2nd., Yokonzedwanso. ndi kuwonjezera. - M .: GEOTAR-Media, 2013. - 271 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo

Matenda a shuga ndi impso: All-Russian Congress Meyi 17-20, 2009: migodi. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2009. - 167 tsa.

Maumboni ofotokoza endocrinology: malangizo kwa madokotala. - 2-ed. - Per. kuchokera ku Chingerezi / ed. Poline M. Camacho, Hossein Garib, Glen W. Sizmo. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 631 s. - Sub. lamulo: s. 626 - 631.

Dovlatyan, Albert Aramovich.

Zovuta zam'mimba za matenda ashuga. Clinic, matenda, njira zamankhwala: malangizo kwa madokotala / Albert Aramovich Dovlatyan. - M.: BINOM, 2013 .-- 307 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 286 - 307.

Kupewa ma macrovascular mochedwa a mellitus / A.V. Dreval, I.V. Misnikova, Yu. A. Kovaleva. - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014 .-- 79 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 70 - 77. - (Library ya katswiri wazachipatala. Endocrinology).

Chithandizo cha insulin kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus / Andrei Semenovich Efimov, N. A. Skrobonskaya, S. N. Tkach. - Kiev: Zaumoyo, 2000. - 248 tsa.

Clinic komanso kuzindikira matenda a hypothalamic-pituitary: njira yophunzitsira. chilolezo / uchi wa ku Moscow. Acad. / G. A. Melnichenko, V. S. Pronin, T. I. Romantsova. - Tver: Triad, 2005. - 98 p. - Bibilia: p. 97 - 98

Kondratiev, L.V.

Biguanides pa matenda a matenda a shuga: maphunziro. chilolezo / L.V. Kondratyev, ed. A. S. Ametov. - M: Planida, 2012. - 45 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 42 - 45.

Kotov, Sergey Viktorovich.

Diabetesic neuropathy / Sergey Viktorovich Kotov, Arian Pavlovich Kalinin, Irina Gennadyevna Rudakova. - 2nd., Yokonzedwanso. ndi kuwonjezera. - M: Medical News Agency, 2011. - 439 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 438 - 439.

Matenda a shuga ndi pakati: maphunziro. chilolezo / G.P. Lak, T.G. Zakharova. - Rostov n / a: Phoenix, Krasnoyarsk: Ntchito zosindikiza, 2006. - 125 p. - Bibilia: p. 122 - 124. - (Mankhwala kwa inu).

Diabetesic glaucoma: malangizo othandiza madokotala / D.V. Lipatov, ed. I.I.Dedov, M.V. Shestakova. - Moscow: Medical News Agency, 2013. - 187 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 174 - 187.

McDermont, Michael T.

Zinsinsi za endocrinology: zolemba. chilolezo: pa. kuchokera ku Chingerezi - 2nd ed., Chiv. ndi kuwonjezera. - M: BINOM, St. Petersburg. : Dongosolo la Nevsky, 2001 .-- 464 p. : kudwala.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi zovuta zake: I. Medvedev, V. Yu. Evgrafov, Yu. E. Batmanov. - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2001. - 283 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 253 - 281, - Zinthu lamulo: s. 282-283. - (Library ya dotolo waluso. Ophthalmology).

Mikhaleva, Lyudmila Mikhailovna.

Matenda a shuga a shuga okalamba okalamba komanso osakhalitsa: Matenda a zamankhwala ndi morphological / Lyudmila Mikhailovna Mikhaleva, Nina Kornilovna Gorshunova, Natya Valerevna Andreeva. - M: Medical News Agency, 2009. - 171 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibliog. : p. 147 - 171.

Kuwonongeka pakugonana mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga: chitsogozo cha madokotala / ed. Mikhail Iosifovich Kogan. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 219 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Nikolaychuk, Lidia Vladimirovna.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga: encyclopedia / Lidia Vladimirovna Nikolaychuk, Ernest Vladimirovich Vladimirov. - Minsk: Mawu Amakono, 2005. - 703 s.

Zoyambira pa Diabetesology / Tver State. wokondedwa Acad. , N.A. Belyakova, D.V. Kileinikov, S.A. Rokkina. - ed. 3, onjezerani. - Tver: Triad, 2010 .-- 101 p. : tabu.

Kuwongolera kwamtundu wa shuga wachiwiri kwa odwala matenda a shuga mwachikhalidwe: mitsinje kwa akatswiri wamba (madokotala a mabanja) / I. S. Petrukhin. - Tver: b. ndi., 2003. - 20 s.

Endocrinology yothandiza / ed. Galina Afanasyeva Melnichenko. - M: Mankhwala othandiza, 2009. - 351 p. : tab., mkuyu. - Bibilia: p. 351.

Zinthu zothandiza za Tsiku la Russia-Lonse motsutsana ndi Kunenepa kwambiri. - b. m. b. ndi., 2014 .-- 27 p. : kudwala.

Saltykov, Boris Borisovich.

Diabetesic microangiopathy / Boris Borisovich Saltykov, Vyachelav Semenovich Paukov. - M: Mankhwala, 2002. - 240 s.

Matenda a shuga: kuzindikira, kuchiza, kupewa / ed. Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova. - M: Medical News Agency, 2011. - 801 s. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Matenda a shuga ndi kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya: kuchokera ku Chingerezi / Henry M. Cronenberg, Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, ed. I.I.Dedov, G.A. Melnichenko. - M: Reed Elsiver, 2010 .-- 437 p. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa machaputala lamulo: s. 432-437. - (Endocrinology malinga ndi Williams).

Matenda a shuga: zovuta zazovuta komanso zopweteka. Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova. - M: Medical News Agency, 2011. - 477 p. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus: zenizeni ndi ziyembekezo / dziko loyamba la Moscow. wokondedwa un-t / ed. I.I.Dedov, M.V. Shestakova. - Moscow: Medical News Agency, 2016. - 502 s. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Matenda a shuga mu ana ndi achinyamata: malangizo kwa madokotala / Russian Acad. wokondedwaSayansi / Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Valentina Aleksandrovna Peterkova, Tamara Leonidovna Kubaeva. - M: Kufalitsa Universum, 2002. - 391 tsa. : kudwala. - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Diabetesic phazi matenda: njira. mayendedwe a ophunzira, wedge. okhala, madokotala / uchi wa Tverskaya. Acad. / L.K. Evstifeev, V.N. Silaev, D.V. Kileinikov, A.L. Lomonosov, O. V. Terekhov, A. D. Nikolsky. - Tver: TGMA, 2001. - 31 p.

Sirotin, Boris Zalmanovich.

DALARGIN mu zovuta zochizira zilonda zam'mimba matenda a shuga matenda am'mimba / Far aku uchi. University / Boris Zalmanovich Sirotin, Konstantin Vyacheslavovich Zhmerenetsky, Olga Vyacheslavovna Ushakova. - Khabarovsk: Riotype, 2002. - 80s.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga mellitus / O. M. Smirnova, T. V. Nikonova. - M: Journal "Health", 2004. - 64 p. : kudwala. - (Kwa iwo amene amachitira).

Sokolov, Evgeny Ivanovich.

Mtima wa matenda ashuga / Evgeny Ivanovich Sokolov. - M: Mankhwala, 2002 .-- 416 p. : kudwala.

Zinthu zamakono za pharmacotherapy zamatenda a endocrine: Sat. anasankha zolemba zasayansi ndi zamankhwala za magazini yotchedwa Pharmateka / ed. M. B. Antsiferov. - Moscow: Bionika Media, 2016 .-- 224 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa zolemba.

Tkacheva, Olga Nikolaevna.

Diabetesic autonomic neuropathy / Olga Nikolaevna Tkacheva, Arkady Lvovich Vertkin. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 176 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 146 - 176. - (Library ya dotolo wodziwika. Endocrinology. Therapy).

Udovichenko, Oleg Viktorovich.

Phazi la matenda ashuga: malangizo kwa madokotala / Oleg Viktorovich Udovichenko, Natalia Mikhailovna Grekova. - M: Mankhwala othandiza, 2010 .-- 271 p. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa machaputala, adj .: p. 266 - 271.

Fedorova, Marina Vladimirovna.

Matenda a shuga, kutenga pakati komanso matenda ashuga fetopathy / Marina Vladimirovna Fedorova, Vladislav Ivanovich Krasnopolsky, Vasily Alekseevich Petrukhin. - M: Mankhwala, 2001. - 288 tsa. : kudwala.

Mchitidwe wochizira matenda ashuga: trans. kuchokera ku Chingerezi / Rowan Hillson. - M: Olimpiki-Bizinesi, 2000 .-- 352 p. : kudwala.

Shestakova, Marina Vladimirovna.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a impso / Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova, Ivan Ivanovich Dedov. - M: Medical News Agency, 2009. - 482 tsa. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Endocrinology: zoyeserera zakuchipatala / ed. I.I.Dedov, G.A. Melnichenko. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2007 .-- 289 p. - Mbiri: tsa. 282 - 285.

Zolemba Zamagazini

Alexandrov, A. A.

Aspirin ndi shuga mellitus: zenizeni zopewa zovuta zamtima / A. A. Alexandrov // Farmateka. - 2005. - N 3. - S. 25.

Alexandrov, S. E.

Mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kuyerekezera pakupanga mndandanda woyenera wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo / S. E. Alexandrov, G. V. Korableva // Doctor ndi Information Technologies. - 2012. - Ayi. 5. - S. 45 - 55.

Lembani 1 ndi matenda ashuga a 2 mwa ana ndi achinyamata / I.I. Aleksandrova // Handbook la akatswiri wamba. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 42 - 49.

Kuthekera kwamakono kokonzanso kagayidwe kazakudya m'kati mwa kulimbitsa koyamba kwa mankhwala / A. S. Ametov, F. T. Abaeva // Clinical Pharmacology ndi Therapy. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 65 - 69.

Njira zamakono zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga komanso zovuta zake / A. S. Ametov, E. V. Doskina // Mavuto a endocrinology. - 2012. - Ayi. 3. - S. 61 - 64.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa insulini pang'onopang'ono / E. A. Andrianova // Mavuto a Endocrinology. - 2012. - Na. 3. - S. 46 - 50.

Mtundu wamakono wolosera kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda amtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a 2 shuga mellitus / E. V. Biryukova // achire Archive. - 2012. - Na. 10. - S. 98 - 102.

Chibale cha kusintha kwa echocardiographic ndi chisonyezo cha kuyang'ana mozama kwa kuthamanga kwa mtima komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / S.F. Gnusaev, O. A. Dianov, D. A. Ivanov, B.N. Yakovlev // Ultrasound ndi diagnostics othandiza. - 2005. - N 2. - S. 126.

Zotsatira zakufupika kwakanthawi kochitika m'magazi a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1, kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali ECG ndi mota motor / D.N. Laptev, etc. // Cardiology. - 2012. - Ayi. 6. - S. 48 - 54.

Zotsatira zothandizira anti-yotupa pa cytokine mbiri ya odwala a periodontitis omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga / F. Yu. Daurova, etc. // Russian Dental Journal. - 2013. - Na. 2. - S. 11 - 13.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 pakachulukidwe kakulidwe ka mankhwala a muthrosocal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima / A. N. Sumin, et al. // Cardiology. - 2012. - Ayi. 11. - S. 33 - 41.

Mphamvu ya kupsinjika kwamphamvu pa periodontal mkhalidwe wa matenda a shuga angiopathy a m'munsi malekezero / G. M. Ber's // Department. - 2008. - Na. 1. - S. 29 - 33.

Matenda a mankhwalawa a chiwindi steatosis mwa odwala matenda a shuga (S. G. Burkov // Handbook of a polyclinic Doctor) - 2012. - Na. 3. - S.13 - 17.

Zotsatira za flavonoids pamagawo akuluakulu a magazi hemostasis ndi antithrombotic ntchito ya endothelium mu matenda a shuga mellitus / I.N. Tyurenkov, et al. // Pharmacy. - 2012. - Na. 4. - S. 34 - 36.

Pa pathogenesis, chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda oopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / V. S. Volkov, E. V. Rudenko, S. A. Rokkina // Mtima ndi kupewa. - 2008. - Ayi. 3. - S. 14 - 17.

Kufikira pathogenesis ya ochepa matenda oopsa mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2 / mellitus V. S. Volkov, S. A. Rokkina, O. B. Poselyugina // Clinical Medicine. - 2006. - Ayi. 3. - C. 34 - 37.

Makhalidwe oyerekeza a Doppler sonography ya arterioles odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa komanso odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga a 2 komanso omwe amakhala ndi matenda oopsa a V. S. Volkov, E. V. Rudenko, O. B. Poselyugina // Mankhwala othandizira komanso kupewa. - 2012. - Ayi. 5. - P.18 - 21.

Magwiridwe antchito a arterioles mu odwala omwe ali ndi ochepa oopsa komanso matenda oopsa, opangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a mtundu 2 matenda a shuga a mellitus / V. S. Volkov, E. V. Rudenko // Cardiology. - 2010. - Ayi. 3. - S. 47 - 50.

Chithandizo cha matenda amitsempha yamagazi a mtima mwa ana omwe ali ndi magnerot / S.F. Gnusaev, D. A. Ivanov, T. A. Rastorgueva // Bulletin yaku Russia ya Perinatology ndi Pediatrics. - 2010. - Na. 4. - S. 114 - 118.

Njira yozindikiritsa ndi kupewa matenda ashuga a ana mu S. / Gnusaev, D. A. Ivanov, T. A. Belyakova // Ultrasound ndi magwiridwe antchito. - 2007. - Ayi. 4. - S. 207 - 208.

Kuledzera kwamwadzidzidzi aakulu periodontitis ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / I.G. Danilova // Institute of Dentistry. - 2008. - Na. 1/38 /. - S.106 -107.

Matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / I. I. Dedov, A. A. Alexandrov // Consilum Medicum. - 2004. –№ 9. - S.620 - 624.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za lipid metabolism ndi mapangidwe a zovuta zamtundu wa I ana a ana / O. A. Dianov, E. A. Kovalenko, M. A. Gorshkova // Russian Pediatric Journal. - 2006. - Ayi 6. - C. 30 - 32.

Mphamvu ya zizindikiro zamkati pakamwa popewa matenda a periodontitis ndi azitsamba amakono azitsamba odwala matenda a shuga a mellitus / M.V. Kozodaeva et al. // Periodontology. - 2011. - Na. 3. - S. 22 - 26.

Zotsatira za magawo azachipatala ndi zamankhwala okhala m'chipinda chamkamwa mwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus / V. Zhigulina, V. A. Rumyantsev // Verkhnevolzhsky Medical Journal. - 2011. - Na. 2. - S. 51 - 55.

Zina za micobiocenosis yam'kamwa yamatenda a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo pambuyo pa ma prosthetics omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya korona / A. I. Zhirnova, A. S. Shcherbakov, Yu. V. Chervinets // Dentistry. - 2015. - Na. 1. - S. 45 - 49.

Zida zojambula ndi zofunikira kumanzere kwamitsempha yam'mimba mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la shuga ndi kukhalapo kwa myocardial ischemia / O. I. Zhuravleva // Morphology. - 2006. - Ayi. 5. - S. 45.

Mitundu ya Monogenic ya matenda a shuga a mellitus / N. A. Zubkova, Yu. V. Tikhonovich, A. N. Tyulpakov // Farmateka. - 2012. - Na. 16. - S. 66 - 69.

Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kupewa matenda a mtima mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga I mellitus / D. A. Ivanov, S. F. Gnusaev, O. A. Dianov // Pediatrics. - 2005. - Ayi. 3. - C. 19 - 24.

Sinthani zisonyezo za kutetemera kopanda tanthauzo mumkamwa wamatenda a 2 mtundu wa mellitus ndi matenda amtima wamatenda mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osasintha a periodontitis / I. M. Bykov, et al. - 2014. - Na. 3. - S.27 - 29.

Karetnikova, V.N.

Udindo wa chizindikiro cha kutupa pakudutsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi infracation ya myocardial ndi gawo la ST kuphatikizika ndi kupindika kwa metabolism / V. N. Karetnikova, O. V. Gruzdeva, O. L. Barbarash // Cardiology. - 2012. - Ayi. 8. - P. 20 - 26.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba pochiza odwala matenda a shuga mellitus / T. M. Kvasova, M. A.Demidova, V.V. Amosov // Upper Volga Medical Journal. - 2011. - Ayi 1. - S. 26 - 29.

Matenda a Periodontal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso njira zochizira / R. A. Kerimov // Dentistry ya Clinical. - 2011. - Na. 1. - S. 70 - 71.

Zovuta zamankhwala, zantchito ndi kagayidwe kachakudya ka matenda ashuga mu ana ndi achinyamata / O. A. Dianov, S. F. Gnusaev, D. A. Ivanov, M. A. Gorshkova // Pediatrics. - 2008. - Ayi. 5. - P. 17 - 21.

Zovuta zamatenda ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 a ana ndi achinyamata a Tver dera / O. A. Dianov, E. A. Kovalenko, V. V. Zhmurkin, E. V. Dekutovich // Verkhnevolzhsky Medical Journal. - 2008. - Ayi. 4. - S. 28 - 31.

Njira zamakono zodziwira matenda a diabetesic phokoso / I.V. Klyushkin, R.I. Fatykhov // Kazan Medical Journal. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 298 - 301.

Kulimbikitsa mitundu ya polyneuropathy mwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso kuledzera kwaukali / E. A. Kovrazhkina // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S. S. Korsakova. - 2012. - Na. 5. - S. 41 - 45.

Mkhalidwe wamatenda mwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus / M.V. Kozodaeva, E.V. Ivanova, B.M. Manulov // Periodontology. - 2011. - Ayi. 1. - C.3 - 7.

Chithandizo cha matenda ammimba a shuga mu chipatala chopangira opaleshoni / E. M. Mokhov, V. A. Kadykov, V. A. Usanov, Yu. Yu. Blinovskov // zonena za Morphological. - 2005. - Na. 1 - 2. - S. 220.

Mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 kutengera kutalika kwa matendawa / E. A. Lavrova, O. A. Dianov, S. F. Gnusaev // Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. - 2016. - Ayi. 3. - S. 251.

Zokhudza zolimbitsa thupi kutalika kwa nthawi ya QT ndi glycemia mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1 mellitus / D.N. Laptev, G.V. Ryabykina // Handbook la akatswiri wamba. - 2012. - Na. 8. - S. 55 - 61.

Matenda amtundu wamtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus / O.S. Levin, F.N. Ilyasova // Consilium Medicum (neurology, rheumatology). - 2012. - Na. 9. - S. 92 - 97.

Zotsatira za kagayidwe kachakudya matenda amitsempha ndi mtima autonomic neuropathy pa diastolic ntchito yamanzere yamitsempha yamtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a mellitus / E.Yu. Lunina, I.S. Petrukhin // Siberian Medical Journal. - 2010. - T. 25, No. 2, nkhani 1. - S. 200-201. -

Zotheka ndikuwunika kwamseri kwa kusinthasintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima pakupezeka kwa mtima ndi matenda a mtima a m'magazi a odwala matenda a shuga 2 E. Lunina, I. S. Petrukhin // Mankhwala othandizira. - 2011. - Na. 6. - S. 67.

Matenda a mtima odwala matenda ashuga a mtima: mavuto a diagnostic / E. Yu. Lunina // Verkhnevolzhsky Medical Journal. - 2004. - Ayi. 4. - S. 31 - 34.

Kuwona kwa kuwunika kwa kuwunika kwa kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kuthamanga kwa mtima kwa mtima kuti muzindikire mtima wodwala wamatenda a 2 mtundu wa mellitus / E. Yu. Lunina, I. S. Petrukhin // Russian Journal of Cardiology. - 2012. - Na. 3. - S. 42 - 46.

Zosintha pamapangidwe ndi magwiritsidwe amanzere amkati mwa mtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa mtima autonomic neuropathy komanso magawo a metabolic syndrome / E. Yu. - 201. - Na. 11. - S. 73 - 78.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy ndi metabolic syndrome mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 mellitus / E. Yu. Lunina, I. S. Petrukhin // Medical Clinical. - 2010. - Na. 5. - S. 34 - 38.

Mbiri ya kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2: mphamvu ya mtima autonomic neuropathy (CAN) ndi metabolic syndrome (MS) / E. Yu. Lunina, I. S. Petrukhin // Mankhwala oteteza. - 2013. - Na. 2. - S. 51.

Kufunika kwa ukhondo wa pakamwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi periodontitis ndi matenda ashuga. Ndemanga zowunikira / M.K. Makeeva // Zowonetsa mano. - 2011. - Na. 3. - S. 40 - 42.

Zilonda zam'mitsempha mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga / S.P. Markin // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S. S. Korsakova. - 2012. - Na. 5. - S. 77 - 80.

Melnichenko, G.A.

Kuchuluka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a chiwindi osaneneka kuledzera komanso ubale wake ndi chiopsezo cha matenda amtima komanso matenda a 2 a shuga / G. A. Melnichenko, A.Yu. Eliseeva, M.V. Mayevskaya // Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 45 - 51.

Zochita za metabolism za pathogenesis ya matenda opatsirana a periodontal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / L. Yu. Orekhova, etc. // Periodontology. - 2012. - Na. 3. - C.7 - 11.

Machitidwe a zotupa zingapo zam'mimba mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa za periodontal matenda motsutsana ndi shuga mellitus / L. Yu. Orekhova, etc. // Periodontology. - 2011. - Ayi. 2. - C.5 - 7.

Mkhalidwe wa minofu ya minyewa yolimba ndi minyewa yolimba yamano mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / B. T. Moroz, N. V. Zhavoronkova, E. A. Khromova // Institute of Dentistry. - 2013. - Na. 3. - S. 64 - 65.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki pakankhwala kochizira matenda osachiritsika odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / B. T. Moroz, N. V. Zhavoronkova, E. A. Khromova // Institute of Dentistry. - 2015. - Na. 1. - S. 72 - 73.

Neuroimmunoendocrine amasintha pakugwa kwa odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / K. I. Proschaev, et al. // Clinical Gerontology. - 2012. - Na. 1-2. - S. 10 - 12.

Zosasinthika zosadziwika mwatsatanetsatane komanso momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimakhalira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / N. A. Belyakova, D. G. Mikhailova, E. N. Egorova, E. D. Gogina, M. A. Gorshkova // Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics .- Ayi 3.- S. 14 - 18.

Gulu ndi kayendedwe ka mayeso pachipatala chifukwa cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana a periodontal matenda, mtundu 2 shuga mellitus / A.K. Iordanishvili, et al. // Institute of Dentistry. - 2016. - Ayi. 2. - S.20 - 23.

Njira ya cytoprotective yothetsera vuto la mankhwalawa yotupa yotupa yotupa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / L. Yu. Orekhova // Periodontology. - 2009. - N 1. - S. 23 - 28.

Zina za chitetezo cha endocrine cha odwala omwe ali ndi periodontitis pa opaleshoni yovuta ya matenda a shuga mellitus / Z. I Savchenko, et al. Nkhani za maxillofacial, opaleshoni ya pulasitiki, implantology ndi zamano zamankhwala. - 2012. - Na. 5. - S.24 - 36.

Zomwe zimapangidwira matenda a minyewa yolimba kwambiri mwa odwala akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus / A.K. Iordanishvili, etc. // Institute of Dentistry. - 2016. - Na. 3. - S. 32 - 34.

Zina zamaphunziro a mtundu wa matenda a shuga a ana ndi achinyamata ku Tver dera / E. A. Kovalenko, O. A. Dianov, A. F. Vinogradov, M. A. Gorshkova // Bulletin yaku Russia ya Perinatology ndi Pediatrics. - 2008. - Ayi. 5. - S. 77 - 82.

Osteoarthrosis odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / N.C. Asfandiyarova et al. // Zotsatira Zachinsinsi. - 2013. - Na. 5. - S. 44 - 47.

Kuyesa kusintha kwa periodontological kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus kuchipatala cha opaleshoni atagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yopangira mano a Parodontax Extra Fresh / T. M. Elovikova, et al. - 2014. - Na. 6. - S. 38 - 41.

Bungwe la zamankhwala, chithandizo chamankhwala odwala ndi odwala omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a matenda ammimba a m'mimba a Yu. I. Pavlov // Opaleshoni. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 55 - 59.

Periodontal udindo ndi umunthu wa pakamwa ukhondo zovuta popewa yotupa okhazikika matenda amayi apakati ndi shuga mellitus / L. Yu. Orekhova, etc. // Periodontology. - 2015. - Na. 4. - S.33.

Njira za pathogenetic za kakulidwe ka zopinga zoperekera matenda a shuga mellitus / O. N. Arzhanova, ndi ena ambiri. - 2011. - Ayi. 5. - C.3 - 7.

Chithandizo choyambira cha mtundu 2 shuga mellitus / N.A. Petunina // Dongosolo la dokotala wotuluka. - 2008. - Ayi. 3. - P.48 - 53.

Polymorphism yamtundu wa cytokine wamtundu wa shuga 2 azimayi aku Russia ochokera ku Europe / V. I. Konenkov, et al. // Therapeutic Archive. - 2012. - No. 10 - P.14 - 21.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuphatikiza mankhwala akukonzekera a mafuta a licorice komanso wochita kupaka mankhwalawa pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lotchedwa periodontitis pamaso pa mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga mellitus / M.A. Amkhadova, et al. // Russian Dental Journal. - 2014. - Ayi. 4. - P.20 - 22.

Zina mwa mayankho opweteka a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga m'magawo a kuvomerezedwa kwamano ndi mano / S. A. Rabinovich // Dentistry yamankhwala. - 2007. - Ayi 1. - P.62 - 65.

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yotupa mumkamwa wam'kamwa / M.A. Ryan // Zachipatala Zazachipatala. - 2006. - N 4. - P.62 - 65.

Kuperewera kwa erythropoietin koyambirira mu matenda a impso a shuga / M.V. Shestakova, et al. // Therapeutic Archive. - 2012. - Na. 10. - S.9 - 13.

Kukula komanso kufalikira kwa matenda a shuga 1 a ana a Tver dera / O. A. Dianov, A. F. Vinogradov, E. A. Kovalenko, M. A. Gorshkova // Russian Pediatric Journal. - 2008. - Ayi. 6. - S. 23 - 26.

Kulawa kumverera kwa mchere wa patebulo ndi mawonekedwe a chipatala cha ochepa matenda oopsa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a mellitus / S. A. Rokkina, O.B. Poselyugina // Verkhnevolzhsky Medical Journal. - 2004. - Na. 5 - 6. - C. 23 - 26.

Zojambula ndi zofunikira kumanzere kwamitsempha yam'mimba mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wam'mimba / S. A. Rokkina // Morphology. - 2006. - Ayi. 5. - S. 74.

Udindo wa kuperewera kwa magnesium pakupanga matenda a shuga a mtima ndi ana mu mtundu wa matenda a shuga I mellitus / D. A. Ivanov, T. A. Rastorgueva, S. F. Gnusaev, M. A. Gorshkova, E.V. Dekutovich, V.V. Zhmurkin // Bulletin yaku Russia ya Perinatology ndi Pediatrics. - 2009. - T. 54, Na. 5. - S. 70 - 75.

Udindo wa matenda a kagayidwe ka magnesium mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa I m'mayikidwe a mtima ndi njira yothetsera kukonzanso kwa metabolic / D. A. Ivanov, S. F. Gnusaev, G. A. Masyukova, E. A. Lavrova, S. S. Kosarev / / Bulletin yaku Russia ya Perinatology and Pediatrics. -

2011. - Ayi. 5. - P. 63 - 70.

Kapangidwe ka autosocket m'magazi otumphukira mwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus / E.V. Rudenko, L.N. Korichkina // Morphology. - 2006. - Ayi. 5. - S. 76.

Matenda okhudzana ndi zamankhwala ndi zodwala zamatenda a periodontal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus / Z. I. Savchenko // Dentistry yamankhwala. - 2011. - Na. 3. - S.77 - 79.

Zomwe zimachitika pakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo / I. E. Sapozhnikova, E. I. Tarlovskaya, T. P. Vedenskaya // Zachidziwitso zakale. - 2012. - Na. 12. - S. 71.

Matenda a shuga: etiology, mfundo zambiri zamankhwala, kuwonetsa pakamwa ndi pakamwa mano // Quintessence. - 2007. - Ayi 1. - P.73 - 89.

Zochitika zamankhwala za lipoid necrobiosis mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba 1 ndi 2 matenda a shuga a mellitus / D. A. Semenova // Clinical Gerontology. - 2012. - Na. 3 - 4. - S. 29 - 32.

Zochitika zamankhwala za lipoid necrobiosis mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / D. A. Semenova // Clontical gerontology. - 2012. - Na. 7 - 8. - S. 23 - 26.

Kusintha kwakukuru pakukhalitsa kwa mineral kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nthawi yamatsenga ndikukonzanso kwamiyala ndi ceramic-chitsulo chomanga / V.M. Semenyuk // Maestro wa mano. - 2008. - Ayi. 4. - S. 72 -74.

Njira zamakono zamankhwala am'deralo a purulent-necrotic zovuta za matenda a matenda a shuga / L. E. Slavin, B. D. Godzhaev, A. Z. Zamaleev // Kazan Medical Journal. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 301 - 303.

Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a shuga komanso kuopsa kwa carcinogeneis / O. M. Smirnova, E. V. Ivannikova // Mavuto a endocrinology. - 2012. - Ayi. 2. - S. 52.

Lingaliro lamakono la kupewa ndi kukonza matenda oyamba a carbohydrate metabolism mu machitidwe a mtima / MN Mamedov, etc. // Cardiology. - 2012. - Na. 9. - S. 29 - 35.

Kuwongolera kwa glycemic komanso kusintha kwa psychoemotional mkhalidwe wa odwala omwe ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a matenda a shuga mellitus / A. A. Soplevenko, A. S. Ametov // Therapeutic Archive. - 2012. - Ayi. 2. - S. 76 - 80.

Zomwe zimachitika mu psychoemotional mkhalidwe wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amalandira chithandizo cha insulin komanso mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga / A. A. Soplevenko, A. S. Ametov // Clinical Pharmacology ndi Therapy. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 74 - 78.

Mkhalidwe wamtundu wamkati komanso kusungika kwa pakamwa pamatumbo mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zamatenda a mellitus / G. M. Bider, O. Evstifeeva, Yu. Mikhailova, A. Klimova // Cafhedra. - 2005. - Ayi. 3. - P.30 - 34.

Kuyerekeza chopereka cha dongosolo la HLA ndi majini ena a chitetezo cha mthupi pakupanga mawonekedwe amtundu wakutsogolo kwa chitukuko cha mtundu 1 shuga mellitus / D. D. Abramov et al. // Immunology. - 2012. - Na. 1. - S. 4 - 6.

Kuyerekeza kugwira bwino ntchito kwa zida zapadera za ukhondo wamkati mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / L. Yu. Orekhova, etc. // Periodontology. - 2013. - Na. 4. - S. 7 - 11.

Kuzindikira komanso kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga mellitus / E. G. Starostina // Consilum Medicum. - 2004. - Na. 9.- S.657 - 662.

Mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi a gingival mdera la mano ndi nduwira zachitsulo kwa odwala matenda a shuga a mellitus / A. A. Stafeev // Panorama a mano a mano. - 2006. - Ayi. 4. - S. 7 - 8.

Mphamvu ya calcium dobesylate mu zovuta chithandizo cha matenda ashuga microangiopathies / M.E. Statsenko, N.V. Sobolevskaya // Consilium mankhwala (zamtima). - 2012. - Na. 1. - S. 70 - 75.

Malangizo a matenda a lipid mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 mellitus molingana ndi mfundo zamayiko ena ndi malingaliro / A. Susekov // Doctor. - 2012. - Na. 4. - S. 19 - 22.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a laser panjira yovuta ya matenda ashuga angiopathy / O. V. Sukhova // Verkhnevolzhsky Medical Journal. - 2007. - Na. 3 - 4 - S. 46 - 47.

Njira zamankhwala othandizira matenda amitsempha yama mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi ischemia yovuta kwambiri: kuyesa chiopsezo chogwira ntchito, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zisonyezo zothandizira / I. I. Dedov, etc. // Angiology and Vascular upasuaji. - 2012. - Na. 1. - S.9 - 17.

Kukondoweza kwamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zina pamatumbo am'mimba pakuwongolera zovuta zamagulu mu ana omwe ali ndi matenda a 1 shuga / Nu. Filina // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S. S. Korsakova. - 2012. - Ayi. 3. - S. 34 - 38.

Kuphatikiza kokhazikika kwa mankhwala a antihypertensive ndikuwongolera chiopsezo cha nephropathy mu mtundu 2 shuga mellitus / V.V. Fomin // Cardiology. - 2012. - Na. 10. - S. 81 - 85.

Type Iabetes mellitus monga chofunikira cha kusanthula kwawonetsero / A.P. Frantseva, S.M. Karpov, N.A. Belyakova // Medical Herald yaku North Caucasus. - 2014. - Na. 1. - S. 43 - 44.

Pafupipafupi chitukuko cha myocardial chitukuko ndi mkhalidwe wamanzere yamitsempha yamagazi ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga pambuyo poyambiranso kwa matenda a coronary artery occlusions / I.V. Petrenko, et al. // Zotsatira Zachinsinsi. - 2012. - Na. 10. - S. 28 - 32.

Myocardial revascularization mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima komanso matenda a shuga (A.V. Chvokov // Opaleshoni). - 2012. - Na. 4. - S. 55 - 57.

Ma insretin mankhwalawa amtundu wa matenda a shuga 2 mellitus / M.V. Shestakova // Clinical Pharmacology ndi Therapy. - 2012. - Na. 2. - S. 59 - 65.

Njira yopanda minyewa yopangira matenda ozungulira m'magazi a shuga / V.V. Shkolovoy, S.V. Shkolovoy // Verkhnevolzhsky Medical Journal. - 2010. - Ayi. 3. - S. 33 - 35.

Kulephera kwa mtima kosatha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga: kumvetsetsa kwaposachedwa / O. A. Ettinger // Farmateka. - 2012. - Ayi. 16. - S.80 - 84.

Kuchita bwino ndi chitetezo cha mapampu a insulin othandizira ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 mellitus / O. A. Dianov, S. F. Gnusaev, E. A. Lavrova, N. N. Nezherenko // Kuchiza ndi kupewa. - 2015. - Na. 3 (15). - S. 11 - 16.

Mphamvu ya kagayidwe kachakudya popewa komanso kuchiza achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ochita kutha kwamitsempha yamagazi / D. A. Ivanov, S. F. Gnusaev, E. P. Elizarova, B.N. Yakovlev // Mtima. - 2010. - Na. 9. - S. 47 - 50.

Yarek-Martynova, I.R.

Zofunika ndi zabwino za makonzedwe anthawi yake a insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 .. R. Yarek-Martynova // Mavuto a endocrinology. - 2012. - Na. 3. - S. 56 - 60.

Agafilova, Elizaveta Viktorovna.

Intracardiac hemodynamics ndi njira zothandiza pakukonzekera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Agafilova Elizaveta Viktorovna, Penza Institute of Imp Impmentment. madotolo. - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2003. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. .22 - 23.

Adleiba, Amina Slavovna.

Kupititsa patsogolo kudziwika kwa pathogenetic matenda a periodontal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus (kuyesa kwachipatala): wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Adleiba Amina Slavovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - N. Novgorod: b. ndi., 2013 .-- 24 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 24.

Azova, Elena Alexandrovna.

Mavuto a mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana ndi achinyamata: kuwunika kwamadera, kukhathamiritsa kwa chisamaliro chachipatala: wolemba. dis. ... Dr. wokondedwa. sayansi / Azova Elena Aleksandrovna, boma la Nizhny Novgorod. wokondedwa Acad .. - N. Novgorod: b. ndi., 2009. - 46 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. : p. 40 - 45.

Alekseeva, Olga Alexandrovna.

Udindo wa kukonzanso kwa chitetezo chamthupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali komanso magawo amomwe am'magazi am'magazi pakamwa povuta kwambiri pa matenda a periodontitis mu shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Alekseeva Olga Aleksandrovna, wokondedwa wa Ryazan. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2001. - 26 p. : pic - Bibliog. : p. 24 - 26.

Alimova, Irina Leonidovna.

Kapangidwe ka mtima zamavuto amtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 mwa ana ndi kuwongolera kwawo: wolemba. dis. ... Dr. wokondedwa. Sayansi / Alimova Irina Leonidovna, wokondedwa wa Smolensk. Acad. . - b. m. smolensk: b. ndi., 2004. - 42 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 39 - 42.

Andreeva, Elena Ivanovna.

Diurnal magazi phula komanso kukhathamiritsa mankhwalawa ochepa matenda oopsa kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Andreeva Elena Ivanovna, boma la Stavropol. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2005. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 23.

Arsyukhin, Nikolai Andreevich.

Intraosseous blockade mankhwalawa a distal symmetric diabetesic polyneuropathy ndi ululu: Abstract. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Arsyukhin Nikolay Andreevich, Russian University of Friendship of Peoples. - M: b. ndi., 201. - 23 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibliog. : p. 20-22.

Asanova, Zhaneta Ismailovna.

Zomwe zili pamatendawa komanso kupewa kwachiwiri kwa matenda ashuga pakati pa oyendetsa magalimoto, chitetezo pamsewu: chosabisika. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Asanova Zhaneta Ismailovna, boma la Kabardino-Balkarian. un-t - b. m. Vladikavkaz: b. ndi., 2008. - 20 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. : p. 18-19.

Babin, Svetlana Mikhailovna.

Kuunikira kwa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa osagwiritsa ntchito mowa a antiatolepatitis odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Babina Svetlana Mikhailovna, boma la Moscow. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - Moscow: b. ndi., 2016 .-- 24 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Babich, Elena Nikolaevna.

Matenda, ntchito ndi morphological mawonekedwe a hepatobiliary dongosolo mwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus: umboni. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Babich Elena Nikolaevna,. - b. m. Tomsk: b. ndi., 2004. - 19 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: tsamba 18.

Babiyants, Anna Yakovlevna.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi magazi othamanga komanso zomwe zatsalira ya endothelium zimadalira mwa ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Babiyants Anna Yakovlevna. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Baranova, Irina Alexandrovna.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala azitsamba kuchokera ku ziwiya za ceramics kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Baranova Irina Aleksandrovna, Dokotala Wachipatala waku Moscow. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2003. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. : S. 22 - 23.

Baranova, Lyudmila Yuryevna.

Zamankhwala ndi magwiridwe antchito a boma la myocardium mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Baranova Lyudmila Yuryevna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 23.

Basieva, Zarina Konstantinovna.

Zamankhwala komanso magwiridwe antchito a gastroesophageal Reflux odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Basieva Zarina Konstantinovna, boma la North Ossetian. wokondedwa Acad .. - Vladikavkaz: b. ndi., 2015 .-- 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Batinov, Andrey Alexandrovich.

Zosintha mu kagayidwe kake kamene kali ndi ma biopolymers a minyewa yolumikizana ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa: zovuta. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa sayansi / Batinov Andrey Alexandrovich, dziko la Izhevsk. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Ufa: b. ndi., 2000. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : S.22 - 23.

Bityukova, Elena Vladimirovna.

Boma ndi malamulo a acid-base equilibrium pamlomo wamkati mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2: dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Bityukova Elena Vladimirovna, boma la Tverskaya. wokondedwa Acad .. - Tver: b. ndi., 2008. - 130 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 98 - 125, adj: P. 126 - 130.

Bityukova, Elena Vladimirovna.

The boma ndi malamulo a acid-maziko bwino pakamwa patsekemera odwala ndi mtundu 2 shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Bityukova Elena Vladimirovna, boma la Tverskaya. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Nthawi: b. ndi., 2008. - 19 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 17 - 18.

Blinova, Julia Sergeevna.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozoni mu njira zovuta za amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. ... Chinsinsi. wokondedwaSayansi / Blinova Julia Sergeevna,. - b. m Barnaul: b. ndi., 2004. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Beaver, Irina Sergeevna.

Kuyerekeza koyesa komanso kuwunika kwazomwe ophatikizira amagwiritsa ntchito antihypoxic, antioxidant ndi antiseptic othandizira pa zovuta zochizira zotupa za periodontal matenda a 2 shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Beaver Irina Sergeevna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Boeva, Olga Vladimirovna.

Cardio ndi kukonzanso mphamvu kwa lipid-kutsitsa mankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Boeva ​​Olga Vladimirovna, Orenburg State. wokondedwa Acad .. - Orenburg: b. ndi., 2013. - 24 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 22-24.

Bolatchieva, Fatima Borisovna.

Zotsatira zamankhwala ndi morphological za matenda a mtima a mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Bolatchieva Fatima Borisovna, boma la Kabardino-Balkarian. un-t - b. m. Makhachkala: b. ndi., 2006. - 17 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. : p. 16-17.

Bondareva, Valentina Petrovna.

Zotsatira za zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism pamayendedwe achulukidwe komanso ochulukirapo a erythrocyte ndi hemogram mu mtundu 2 wa shuga wovuta ndi angiopathies: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Bondareva Valentina Petrovna, uchi wa Stavropol. Acad .. - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2004. - 26 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : tsa. 25-26

Bondarenko, Ilya Viktorovich.

Kuwunika kukula kwa matenda odwala matenda ashuga ketoacidosis ana: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Bondarenko Ilya Viktorovich, Novosibirsk State. wokondedwa un-t - Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2011. - 18 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 17 - 18.

Brombin, Alexander Ivanovich.

Zotsatira zamankhwala ndi zomangamanga zovuta za opaleshoni yodwala matenda ashuga: mayendedwe. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Brombin Alexander Ivanovich, Novosibirsk State. wokondedwa un-t - b. metro Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2007. - 35 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 31 - 34.

Bugrova, Elena Vladimirovna.

Zomwe zimachitika pachitukuko cha kugonana komanso mapangidwe a msambo kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga 1, ndi njira zowakonzera: zosabereka. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Bugrova Elena Vladimirovna, Nizhny Novgorod State. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Ivanovo: b. ndi., 2006. - 23 p. - Bibilia: p. 22..

Vakina, Tatyana Nikolaevna.

Kugonana endocrine ntchito ndi lipid mulingo wa odwala matenda amtima komanso kuphatikiza ndi matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Vakina Tatyana Nikolaevna, Saratov uchi. un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2001. - 24 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: S.22 - 24.

Villevalde, Svetlana Vadimovna.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa kuyesa kwa ngozi yamtima mu zovuta zamitsempha zosakanikirana malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Villevalde Svetlana Vadimovna Russian University of Friendship of Peoples. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2009. - 34 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 27 - 32.

Vitko, Lyudmila Gennadyevna.

Zokhudza matenda am'mimba komanso momwe mucous membrane am'mimba am'mimba thirakiti malinga ndi endoscopy odwala odwala matenda ashuga ketoacidosis: chosatha. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Vitko Lyudmila Gennadevna, Far East state. wokondedwa un-t - b. metro Khabarovsk: b. ndi., 2008. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 21 - 22.

Volkova, Natalia Anatolyevna.

Pharmacological kukonza zina kagayidwe kachakudya magawo ndi mexidol ndi emoxipin ndi kuphatikiza zoyesera hyperglycemia ndi exo native hypercholesterolemia: chosakhazikika. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Volkova Natalya Anatolevna Mordovian University - b. m. Saransk: b. ndi., 2003. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : S.21 - 22.

Volkova, Natalya Sergeevna.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwanzeru kwa sukulu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kuphatikiza kwa matenda oopsa ndi matenda a shuga: olemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Volkova Natalya Sergeevna, wokondedwa waku Russia. Acad. maphunziro omaliza maphunziro. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22..

Vorobyov, Sergey Vladislavovich.

Zachipatala komanso zimagwira ntchito pakapangidwe ka vuto la endothelial kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda a shuga: olemba. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Vorobev Sergey Vladislavovich, dziko la Rostov.wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2006. - 41 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 38 - 41.

Gavrilenko, Vadim Gennadevich.

Matenda othandizira odwala oxytocin mu zovuta zochizira matenda othandizira odwala matenda a shuga a necrotic: dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Gavrilenko Vadim Gennadevich, Orenburg State. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. metro Orenburg: b. ndi., 2000. - 25 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. : S. 24 - 25.

Galkina, Galina Alexandrovna.

Matenda ashuga zotumphukira polyneuropathy ana ndi achinyamata: pathogenesis, matenda, kuzindikira, mankhwala: dis. . Dr. med. sayansi / Galkina Galina Aleksandrovna. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2008. - 46 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 42 - 45.

Godulyan, Alexey Viktorovich.

Kukonzanso kwa ma metabolic ndi mahomoni mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima kuphatikizika ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, mothandizidwa ndi plasmapheresis ndi mankhwala a laser: abstract. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Godulyan Aleksey Viktorovich, Dokotala Wachipatala waku Moscow. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2002. - 24 tsa. : kudwala. - Bibliogr. : p. 23-24.

Golubev, Alexey Vladimirovich.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi trimetazidine pakapita nthawi yayitali komanso kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwapanja kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Golubev Aleksey Vladimirovich, boma la Moscow. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2006. - 26 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 25.

Goreva, Lyubov Anatolyevna.

Pachimake khunyu infarction odwala 2 matenda a shuga: mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha kufenopril ndi perindopril, kuphatikizapo momwe oxidative kupanikizika ndi endothelial ntchito: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Goreva Lyubov Anatolyevna, Russian University of Friendship of Peoples. - M: b. ndi., 2012 .-- 21 p. : tab., mkuyu. - Bibilia: p. 19.

Grigoryan, Karine Rafaelovna.

Zovuta za zovuta za kagayidwe ka mafupa pamomwe minofu ya periodontal mwa amuna amisinkhu yokhala ndi mtundu wa 1 matenda a shuga ndi njira zowongolera: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Grigoryan Karine Rafaelevna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 24 tsa. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Gritsaeva, Galina Vladimirovna.

Mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima komanso chitsogozo cha masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse:. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Gritsaeva Galina Vladimirovna, boma la Rostov. chipatala - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2000. - 27 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : tsa 25 - 27.

Davydov, Andrey Lvovich.

Matenda a hememnamic ndi metabolic mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 amaphatikizika ndi matenda a mtima: wolemba. dis ... Dr. med. Sayansi / Davydov Andrey Lvovich, Moscow State. dotolo wamano. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2000. - 49 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : tsa 46 - 48.

Demidov, Nikolai Alexandrovich.

Kuchuluka kwa kukanika kwa erectile komanso ubale wake ndi matenda amtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Demidov Nikolay Aleksandrovich, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 25 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Demidov, Yuri Ivanovich.

Kusinthana kwa gasi, kagayidwe kazigawo ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 1 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Demidov Yuri Ivanovich, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2009. - 46 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 44 - 46.

Juraeva, Sharora Fayzovna.

Zofanana ndi zina pa matenda akulu a mano ndi matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Dr. med. sayansi / Dzhuraeva Sharora Fayzovna, boma la Moscow. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - M: b. ndi., 2010. - 46 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 40 - 46.

Dzagurova, Larisa Abisalovna.

Zizindikiro za metabolism pakuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa sayansi / Dzagurova Larisa Abisalovna, boma la North Ossetian. wokondedwa Acad .. - Stavropol: b. ndi., 2010. - 21 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibliog. : p. 19 - 20.

Dzugkoev, Sergey Gavrilovich.

Njira ya mapangidwe endothelial kukanika limodzi ndi matenda a visceral ziwalo shuga. Ziyembedwe zakusintha: wolemba. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Dzugkoev Sergey Gavrilovich. - Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2013 .-- 38 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 33 - 37.

Dzugkoev, Sergey Gavrilovich.

Njira za pathophysiological ndi biochemical za chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa pathogenetic kuwongolera kwawo poyesa: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Dzugkoev Sergey Gavrilovich, North Ossetian state. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Vladikavkaz: b. ndi., 2008. - 23 p. - Bibilia: p. 22..

Dicht, Natalia Ivanovna.

Momwe kuphatikizidwa kwa maselo a heeledasis dongosolo ndi antithrombogenic ntchito ya mtima khoma odwala odwala matenda ashuga angiopathy a m'munsi malekezero awo ndi kusintha kwawo mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala: chosakhazikika. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Dikht Nataliya Ivanovna, Saratov uchi. un-t - b. m Samara: b. ndi., 2001. - 25 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : S. 24 - 25.

Dmitriev, Vadim Mikhailovich.

Chithandizo cha odwala ndi ischemic mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga phokoso ndi njira yosagwirira ntchito kukondoweza magazi: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Dmitriev Vadim Mikhailovich. - b. Malo okwerera metro a Omsk: b. ndi., 2007. - 23 p. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Dovzhanskaya, Oksana Stanislavovna.

Zomwe zimapatsa masamba homeostasis ndi zamaganizidwe amiseche ana a shuga: ana. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Dovzhanskaya Oksana Stanislavovna, Saratov uchi. un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2002. - 21 tsa. : kudwala. - Mabaibulo: S. 20 - 21.

Dronova, Ekaterina Igorevna.

Zachipatala, bungwe komanso zachuma za matenda ashuga mellitus kuphatikiza ndi matenda ophatikizika: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Dronova Ekaterina Igorevna, Ivanovo boma. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Ivanovo: b. ndi., 2007. - 21 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 21.

Dyshkovets, Andrey Anatolyevich.

Mkhalidwe chitetezo cha mthupi mu matenda a shuga angiopathy: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Dyshkovets Andrey Anatolyevich, wokondedwa wa Stavropol. Acad .. - b. m Samara: b. ndi., 2003. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: tsamba 22 - 23.

Ermachek, Elena Alexandrovna.

Zotsatira zamkamwa hypoglycemic mankhwala pa androgen udindo komanso kugonana amuna omwe ali ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga: abstract. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Ermachek Elena Aleksandrovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Zhizhina, Ekaterina Leonidovna.

Mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga 1 ndi matenda a shuga a nephropathy pa gawo la microalbuminuria: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Zhizhina Ekaterina Leonidovna, St. un-t - b. m. St. Petersburg: b. ndi., 2007. - 18 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 18.

Zhirnova, Anastasia Igorevna.

Microbiocenosis ya m`kamwa ndi ziwonetsero chitetezo chokwanira mu zamankhwala othandizira mano. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Zhirnova Anastasia Igorevna, Tver boma. wokondedwa un-t - Tver: b. ndi., 2015. - 24 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Zhmerenetsky, Konstantin Vyacheslavovich.

Mkhalidwe wa microcirculation komanso momwe dalargin imakhudzira odwala matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Zhmerenetsky Konstantin Vyacheslavovich, uchi Wakutsogolo. un-t - b. metro Khabarovsk: b. ndi., 2001. - 26 tsa. - Bibilia: p. 25 - 26

Zaretskaya, Irina Vladimirovna.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1: kuneneratu za chitukuko ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga retinopathy: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Zaretskaya Irina Vladimirovna, Saratov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m Samara: b. ndi., 2007. - 26 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25

Zahbar, Muhammad Riyadh.

Zotsatira zamankhwala ndi pathogenetic za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a m'mayi mwa azimayi a m'misili komanso azimayi a postmenopausal, njira zowongolera zamankhwala: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Zahbar Muhammed Riyad, Rostov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2003. - 26 p. - Bibliog. tsamba 22 - 26.

Zorina, Svetlana Alekseevna.

Kuchita bwino ndi chitetezo cha kagayidwe kachakudya ka mankhwala osokoneza bongo erectile kukanika kwa odwala matenda ashuga: mlembi. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Zorina Svetlana Alekseevna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 25 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 25.

Zykina, Victoria Vladimirovna.

Kusiyanitsa kwamankhwala azakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri chifukwa cha kuwunika kwaumoyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zakudya: zakudya. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Zykina Victoria Vladimirovna. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2008. - 24 tsa. : kudwala.- Bibilia: p. 22-24.

Ivanov, Dmitry Anatolyevich.

Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kupewa mtima zamatenda a shuga kwa ana: zinthu zina. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Ivanov Dmitry Anatolyevich, uchi wa Tverskaya. maphunziro - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2002. - 24 tsa. : Mkuyu. - Library. 21-24.

Kazantseva, Elizabeth Eduardovna.

Zotsatira za testosterone pamankhwala ovuta kwambiri a mtima omwe ali ndi amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2: mtundu. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kazantseva Elizaveta Eduardovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Kalashnikova, Evgenia Yuryevna.

Zovuta zakusinthika kwa gasi ndi kutentha pamapangidwe oyesera mtundu 1 shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kalashnikova Evgeniya Yuryevna, Russian University of Friendship of Peoples. - M: b. ndi., 2013 .-- 16 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 15.

Kanorskaya, Julia Sergeevna.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa anti-re-retainapy kwa odwala atrrillation kwa atritis a mtundu 2 shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kanorskaya Julia Sergeevna, boma la Kuban. wokondedwa un-t - Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2011 .-- 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21-22.

Kapustina, Lyudmila Anatolyevna.

Kuunika kwa kuyeserera kwathunthu ndikuwongolera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a distal polyneuropathy pamaziko a kunja: abstract. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kapustina Lyudmila Anatolevna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - M: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Kahramanova, Diana Alexandrovna.

Kuphatikiza kwa matenda a gastroesophageal Reflux omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2: machitidwe a maphunzirowa ndi kuthekera kwa kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zovuta: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Kahramanova Diana Aleksandrovna, boma la Moscow. dotolo wamano. un-t - M: b. ndi., 2012. - 23 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 23.

Kiushkina, Irina Nikolaevna.

Mawonekedwe a psychosomatic mawonetsedwe ndi moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi mphumu ya bronchial ndi matenda a shuga mellitus motsutsana ndi maziko a kuukira kwa opisthorchiasis: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kiushkina Irina Nikolaevna, dziko la Altai. wokondedwa un-t - b. m Barnaul: b. ndi., 2009. - 25 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 22-24.

Klebanova, Elena Mikhailovna.

Udindo wa ma adipose minyewa yama cell mu pathogenesis ya insulin kukana mu mtundu 2 wa shuga ndi njira zakukonzanso kwake. dis. . Dr. med. sayansi / Klebanova Elena Mikhailovna, uchi wa ku Moscow. Acad. . - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2008. - 30 s. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 27-30.

Kleimenova, Valentina Anatolyevna.

Zojambula ndi kupatsirana kwa pharmacotherapeutic kwa magazi m'magawo am'munsi mwa magawo oyamba a phazi la matenda ashuga: chosagwirizana. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kleimenova Valentina Anatolyevna, Rostov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2005. - 18 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 18.

Kovalev, Alexey Ivanovich.

Kusankha kwa njira yothandizira ululu wamankhwala kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kovalev Alexey Ivanovich, Altai State. wokondedwa un-t - Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2013 .-- 18 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 16 - 18.

Kovalevskaya, Victoria Tavievna.

Kuneneratu kwa banja la mtundu 2 matenda a shuga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kovalevskaya Victoria Tavievna, boma la Rostov. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2007. - 26 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 23 - 25.

Kozodaeva, Maria Vladimirovna.

Mankhwala azitsamba mu zovuta mankhwala a periodontitis odwala matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kozodaeva Maria Vladimirovna, wokondedwa waku Russia. Acad. maphunziro omaliza maphunziro. - M: b. ndi., 2012. - 24 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Kokaya, Nikolai Grigorievich.

Zotsatira zamagetsi otsika mphamvu zamagetsi pamagetsi pazovuta za insulin mu makoswe (kafukufuku woyesera): wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Kokaya Nikolay Grigorevich, boma la Nizhny Novgorod. wokondedwa Acad .. - N. Novgorod: b. ndi., 2012 .-- 24 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Komkova, Marina Viktorovna.

Udindo wa kusokonekera kwa endothelial pakupanga matenda ashuga a polyneuropathy mwa ana ndi achinyamata: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Komkova Marina Viktorovna, Rostov Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b.ndi., 2006. - 24 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Kampani, Olga Viktorovna.

Umoyo ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zamankhwala kwa ana omwe ali ndi mtundu 1 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Kompaniets Olga Viktorovna, boma la Saratov. wokondedwa un-t - Saratov: b. ndi., 2010. - 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Korchagina, Elena Evgenievna.

Kuwunika kokwanira kwokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito a mayi-placenta-fetus mu gestationalabetes mellitus: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Korchagina Elena Evgenievna, uchi wa Kuban. Acad .. - b. m. Krasnodar: b. ndi., 2004. - 21 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 21

Kosareva, Olga Vladislavovna.

Kuchulukana kwa minofu ya minofu ndikuwonetsa kagayidwe kake ka odwala matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa sayansi / Kosareva Olga Vladislavovna, Samara dziko. wokondedwa un-t - b. m Samara: b. ndi., 2000. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Mabaibulo: p.23.

Kostornova, Oksana Sergeevna.

Zachipatala komanso matenda ofufuza a reticulocytes mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kostornova Oksana Sergeevna, Stavropol State. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2005. - 26 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 23 - 25

Kostyakov, Sergey Evgenievich.

Zachipatala ndi magwiridwe antchito amiseche ya matumbo am'mimba am'mimba kwambiri mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Kostyakov Sergey Evgenevich, dziko la Smolensk. wokondedwa Acad .. - Smolensk: b. ndi., 2014. - 23 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 21-23.

Koch, Lilia Vladimirovna.

Kuunikira kwa kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu ya mwana wosabadwa posankha nthawi ndi njira yobereka mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kokh Liliya Vladimirovna, Rostov Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2007. - 21 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 21.

Kuleshova, Julia Vladimirovna.

Zokhudza matenda ndi morphofunctional za matenda a gastroduodenitis ana omwe ali ndi mtundu 1 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Kuleshova Yulia Vladimirovna, Saratov uchi. un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2004. - 22 p. : pic - Bibilia: tsamba 21 - 22.

Labuzova, Julia Vladimirovna.

Zochitika zenizeni za maphunzirowo ndi kukonza kwa matenda am'mimba opezeka m'matumbo mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Labuzova Julia Vladimirovna, dziko la Smolensk. wokondedwa Acad .. - Smolensk: b. ndi., 2009. - 25 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 21-24.

Lagvilava, Temur Olegovich.

Pathogenetic kuphatikiza kusankha kwa mabala amachiritso ndi ma immunomodulating othandizira mu veteran a gulu lankhondo la okalamba ndi senile mu matenda a shuga: dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Lagvilava Temur Olegovich, Venno-uchi. Acad .. - St. : b. ndi., 2013. - 16 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 14 - 15.

Lagutina, Angelica Anatolyevna.

Hyperbaric oxygenation mu chisamaliro chovuta kwambiri cha matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Lagutina Anzhelika Anatolevna, boma la Rostov. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2004. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Lazarenko, Felix Eduardovich.

Zotsatira zamankhwala ndi pathogenetic za shuga za autoimmune zomwe zimapangika pang'onopang'ono mwa akulu: abstract. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Lazarenko Felix Eduardovich, dziko la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - Tomsk: b. ndi., 2013. - 26 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25.

Lapik, Irina Alexandrovna.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a munthu payekha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wamatenda komanso kuwunika kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga a 2: mtundu. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Lapik Irina Aleksandrovna. - Moscow: b. ndi., 2015. - 26 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 22 - 26.

Lunina, Elena Yuryevna.

Mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima mu mtima ma neuropathy amtundu wa 2 odwala mellitus, kutengera kukhalapo kwa metabolic syndrome: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Lunina Elena Yuryevna, boma la Tverskaya. wokondedwa Acad .. - Tver: b. ndi., 2011 .-- 22 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Luchkina, Olga Alekseevna.

Zotsatira zamagetsi otsika mwamphamvu a laser pa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a streptozotocinin ochititsa chidwi: dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Luchkina Olga Alekseevna, dziko la Smolensk. wokondedwaAcad .. - b. m. St. Petersburg: b. ndi., 2008. - 21 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 20-21.

Magomedova, Zulfia Shamilyevna.

Propolis ndi odzola odzikongoletsa pa zovuta zamankhwala a matenda a shuga 1: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Magomedova Zulfiya Shamilyevna, boma la Dagestan. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Makhachkala: b. ndi., 2007. - 19 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 17-19.

Malysheva, Nina Alexandrovna.

Pathophysiological cholingalira cha matenda oyamba ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga a retinopathy a ana omwe ali ndi vuto 1 la shuga:. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Malysheva Nina Aleksandrovna, boma la Nizhny Novgorod. wokondedwa Acad .. - N. Novgorod: b. ndi., 2012 .-- 24 p. : tab., mkuyu. - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Mamporia, Eteri Jondovna.

Orthopedic mankhwala a mano a odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga ogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito immunocorrection ndi polyoxidonium: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Mamporia Eteri Dzhondovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 24 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Manukyan, Voskeat Yuryevna.

Matenda a Autonomic mwa ana omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga: kukhathamiritsa kwa chithandizo ndi kupewa: zinthu zina. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Manukyan Voskeat Yuryevna, Saratov State. wokondedwa un-t - Saratov: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21.

Marisov, Roman Gennadievich.

Udindo wa kulowetsedwa kwa kulowetsedwa mosiyanasiyana mu chisamaliro chachikulu cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ovuta ndi hyperglycemic ketoacidotic coma: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Marisov Roman Gennadevich, Rostov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2006. - 21 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21.

Madina, Tatyana Gennadievna.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusinthasintha kwa mtima, ECG mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kagayidwe kachakudya ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga ayambe kuchepa: dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Madina Tatyana Gennadevna, dziko la Penza. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Perm: b. ndi., 2004. - 19 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 18-19.

Melnikova, Natalia Viktorovna.

Yogwira ntchito ndikuwunikira kwa chiwindi odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2 mellitus osakanikirana ndi njira zowonongeka za chifuwa chachikulu cha mapapu ndi mapangidwe a kutsatira kutsatira: chithandizo. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Melnikova Natalya Viktorovna, Far East boma. wokondedwa un-t - Khabarovsk: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Milovanova, Tatyana Anatolyevna.

Zokhudza matenda a diabetesic polyneuropathy a mtundu 1 a shuga pakati pa okhala mumzinda ndi m'mudzi waku Tomsk: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Milovanova Tatyana Anatolevna, / dziko la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Tomsk: b. ndi., 2006. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22

Mikhailichenko, Lilia Sergeevna.

Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amapanga mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 1 mwa ana ndi achinyamata: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Mikhaylichenko Liliya Sergeevna. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Mikhailova, Julia Alexandrovna.

Zotsatira zamankhwala ndi zasayansi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu zovuta zochizira matenda a periodontitis odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zamatenda a mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Mikhailova Yulia Alexandrovna. - M: b. ndi., 2009. - 26 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 25 - 26.

Mikheeva, Elena Alekseevna.

Kugwiritsa ntchito xidifon pochiza matenda otupa pafupipafupi odwala 2 a matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Mikheeva Elena Alekseevna, dziko la Smolensk. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. smolensk: b. ndi., 2004. - 18 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 17 - 18.

Mikhno, Marina Leonidovna.

Chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda amishuga odwala matenda ammimba pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonongeko cha periarterial cryosympathetic ndikutsegula makina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Mikhno Marina Leonidovna, boma la Perm. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Perm: b. ndi., 2005. - 19 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 19.

Moiseenko, Olga Olegovna.

Zachipatala ndi zasayansi zofanana mu pathogenesis yamatenda a mano a ana omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Moiseenko Olga Olegovna, Dokotala Wachipatala waku Moscow. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndipo., 2001. - 22 p. : kudwala.- Bibilia: tsamba 21 - 22.

Morozova, Natya Viktorovna.

Matenda azachipatala komanso odziwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a neurotropic mu matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy a ana ndi achinyamata: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Morozova Natalya Viktorovna, Rostov Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2006. - 24 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22-24.

Muratova, Anna Yuryevna.

Mkhalidwe kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi olumikizana hemostasis odwala ndi mtima zovuta za mtundu 2 matenda osokoneza bongo mu kukula kwa matenda syndrome: dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Muratova Anna Yuryevna, wokondedwa wa Stavropol. Acad. - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2004. - 25 p. : kudwala. - Bibliograf: p 23 23 4.

Musaev, Ramil Selim kyzy.

Zotsatira zamankhwala ndi ma labotoreti kusankha kwa zakudya zam'kamwa zodwala matenda a periodontal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Musaeva Ramilya Selim kizi, St. Petersburg. boma wokondedwa un-t - b. m. St. Petersburg: b. ndi., 2009. - 16 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 15 - 16.

Mustafa Moh'd (Othman Hilmi) Ali.

Zofooka za microbicidal ntchito ya neutrophils ya akhanda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a m'mimba komanso kuwongolera kwawo ndi lycopid: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Mustafa Moh'd (Otman Hilmi) Ali, dziko la Kuban. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Krasnodar: b. ndi., 2006. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Nefed, Victoria Leonidovna.

Kuzindikira ndi kufikira patsogolo kwa vuto la cytokine pakukonzekera kwa angiopathies mu mtundu 2 shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Nefed Victoria Leonidovna, boma la Saratov. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2008. - 22 p. : Mkuyu - Bibliyo: p. 20-21.

Nikolaev, Natalia Valerevna.

Zosintha mu microcirculatory hemostasis mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, njira zowongolera: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Nikolaeva Nataliya Valerevna, boma la Saratov. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2004. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 20-21.

Novikova, Irina Midikhatovna.

Zochitika zamankhwala ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa mankhwalawa matenda oopsa mwa odwala matenda ashuga odziyimira pawokha: mtima. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Novikova Irina Midikhatovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 23.

Nurmagomedov, Alidibir Yusupovich.

Kulungamitsidwa kwa kusankha kwa zinthu zopangira zopangira mano osakhazikika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo / Clinical and experimentental Study /: abstract. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Nurmagomedov Alidibir Yusupovich, uchi wa ku Moscow. st. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2002. - 24 tsa. : Mkuyu - Zithunzi: .s. 22-24.

Ahanyan, Elvira Sergeevna.

Periodontal mkhalidwe wa odwala omwe ali ndi insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga ndi ma labotale. kufufuzidwa : wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Oganyan Elvira Sergeevna, wokondedwa wa St. un-t - b. m. St. Petersburg: b. ndi., 2001. - 18 p. - Bibilia: tsamba 17 - 18.

Osmanova, Tamilla Telmanovna.

Kuphwanya minofu ndi kusintha kwa mtima poyesa periodontitis ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito galangal tincture kuti awongolere: zosintha. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Osmanova Tamilla Telmanovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 26 p. : tabu. - Bibliog. : p. 25 - 26.

Kupanga kwamankhwala ndi pharmacoeconomic kwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwalawa amitundu 2 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa sayansi / Oyunchimeg Yadmaa, dziko la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - Tomsk: b. ndi., 2009. - 22 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Pavliashvili, Georgy Vladimirovich.

Opaleshoni mankhwala a odwala matenda ashuga phazi syndrome: mbali ya balloon angioplasty ndi kununkhira kwa mitsempha ya m'munsi malekezero: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Pavliashvili Georgiaiy Vladimirovich, Saratov State wokondedwa un-t - Saratov: b. ndi., 2011. - 25 tsa. : tab., mkuyu. - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Parunova, Svetlana Nikolaevna.

Mphamvu ya microflora ya pamlomo patsekeke pa kusinthika kwa minyewa minisitit odwala odwala matenda ashuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Parunova Svetlana Nikolaevna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2004. - 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 22..

Pashchina, Svetlana Nikolaevna.

Matenda a matenda a m'matumbo ndi hemolymphatic mu njira zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga phokoso: chosakhazikika. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Pashchina Svetlana Nikolaevna, Novosibirsk State. wokondedwa un-t - b. metro Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2007. - 20 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 18 - 20.

Peresetskaya, Olga Vladimirovna.

Zovuta za kudziyimira pawokha komanso kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi pamtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 mwa ana: chinsinsi. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Peresetskaya Olga Vladimirovna, smolenskaya uchi. maphunziro - b. m. smolensk: b. ndipo., 2001. - 22 p. - Bibliog. : p. 20-22.

Petina, Maria Mikhailovna.

Zamankhwala komanso zothandiza za nthawi ya matenda a mtima a mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi neuronomic ya autonomic: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Petina Maria Mikhailovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t. - M .: b. ndi., 2010. - 24 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Pomoynetskaya, Olga Valerievna.

Zotsatira za plasmapheresis kuphatikiza laser mankhwala pa magazi mamitsempha ndi hemodynamics chapakati odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi ndi matenda a matenda a shuga 2: mtundu. dis. ... maswiti. Sayansi Pomoynetskaya Olga Valerievna, uchi wa ku Moscow. dotolo wamano. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2001. - 18 p. : pic - Buku lapa tsamba 15-18.

Privolnev, Vladislav Vladimirovich.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa antibayotiki mankhwala opatsirana a matenda am'mbuyomu: dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Privolev Vladislav Vladimirovich, dziko la Smolensk. wokondedwa Acad .. - Smolensk: b. ndi., 2011. - 22 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Puzikova, Olesya Zinovievna.

Zachipatala ndi pathogenetic zokhudzana ndi kupanga mapangidwe a matenda amitsempha yamagulu mu matenda a shuga mu ana ndi achinyamata: wolemba. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Puzikova Olesya Zinovievna. - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2009. - 46 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 42 - 46.

Pushkina, Anna Vyacheslavovna.

Zokhudza matenda ndi zamankhwala am'magazi a odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga a nephropathy omwe amalandila pulogalamu ya hemodialysis: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Pushkina Anna Vyacheslavovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Pyankova, Elena Yuryevna.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri pakukonzekera kwina (Zotsatira za chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi moyo): dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Pyankova Elena Yuryevna, Wokondedwa waku Far East. un-t - b. metro Khabarovsk: b. ndi., 2002. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: tsamba 21 - 22.

Mphamvu ya ultrasound mankhwala a periodontal matumba mu zovuta chithandizo cha periodontitis mu shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Ramin Salem, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 19 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 19.

Rastorgueva, Tatyana Alexandrovna.

Chizindikiro cha kusintha kwamankhwala, magwiridwe antchito a kagayidwe kachakudya ka mtima ndi matenda a mtima mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga 1 ndi kusintha kwa zovuta zomwe zapezeka: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Rastorgueva Tatyana Aleksandrovna, dziko la Tver. wokondedwa Acad .. - Tver: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 24 p. : tab., mkuyu. - Bibilia: p. 22-23.

Rokkina, Svetlana Anatolyevna.

Zachipatala komanso zothandiza za ochepa matenda oopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Rokkina Svetlana Anatolyevna, boma la Tverskaya. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Nthawi: b. ndi., 2007. - 24 tsa. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 222 4.

Rudenko, Evgenia Vladimirovna.

Magwiridwe antchito a magazi a arteriolar odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, opangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a mtundu 2 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Rudenko Evgeniya Vladimirovna, boma la Tverskaya. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Nthawi: b. ndi., 2008. - 18 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 17 - 18.

Runge, Robert Johannovich.

Kupititsa patsogolo bungwe la chithandizo cha mano kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo mumzinda waukulu wamakono: dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Runge Robert Ioganovich, boma la St. wokondedwa un-t - St. Petersburg: b. ndi., 2014. - 21 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 20-21.

Ryabova, Tatyana Ivanovna.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 pakati pa achilengedwe komanso obwera kumene ku Khabarovsk Territory: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Ryabova Tatyana Ivanovna, Wokondedwa waku Far East. un-t- b. metro Khabarovsk: b. ndi., 2002. - 25 p. : pic - Nkhani za patsamba 22-25.

Samoilik, Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Mkhalidwe wamano a odwala omwe samadalira insulin amadalira shuga ndi kukonza kwake: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Samoilik Mikhail Mikhailovich, Kuban uchi. Acad .. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2004. - 20 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 19-20.

Samoilova, Julia Gennadyevna.

Zachipatala komanso kagayidwe kachakudya, maupangiri amisala yokhudzana ndi ma psychosomatic mu mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri: umboni. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Samoilova Yuliya Gennadevna, dziko la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 50 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 45 - 49.

Sargsyan, Susana Surenovna.

Udindo wa gawo la mtima mu pathogenesis wa diastolic kukanika kwa kumanzere kwamitsempha yamagazi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sarkisyan Susana Surenovna, Rostov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2004. - 24 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22-23.

Sarycheva, Julia Viktorovna.

Dongosolo lokwaniritsira zochitika zam'maganizo molingana ndi chikhalidwe ndi malingaliro a achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sarycheva Yuliya Viktorovna, Novosibirsk State. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. metro Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2005. - 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 19-21.

Seytieva, Aida Soltan-Salimovna.

Chizindikiro cha chithokomiro chogwira ntchito komanso metabolism ya basal mu njira yoyendetsedwa ndi matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Seytieva Aida Soltan-Salimovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Selifanova, Elena Ivanovna.

Mkhalidwe wamano ndi mawonekedwe a crystallization a malovu mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo (Kafukufuku wa kafukufuku ndi zamankhwala.): Wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Selifanova Elena Ivanovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 21 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 20-21.

Semenchenko, Irina Yuryevna.

Kuwerenga za momwe zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimadyera pazizindikiro za cytokine ndi apoptosis mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Semenchenko Irina Yuryevna. - Moscow: b. ndi., 2014. - 25 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Sidorenko, Alexey Borisovich.

Kugwiritsa ntchito lactobacterin okhazikika pa collagen kuonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwalawa periodontitis odwala ndi mtundu 2 shuga ndi matenda a mtima dongosolo: dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sidorenko Aleksey Borisovich, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 24 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Sidorenko, Nadezhda Konstantinovna.

Zolembera zamavuto oyamba a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sidorenko Nadezhda Konstantinovna, dziko la Omsk. wokondedwa Acad .. - Omsk: b. ndi., 2009. - 18 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 17 - 18.

Sidko, Denis Vladimirovich.

Malangizo a kagayidwe kachakudya mu odwala matenda ashuga hyperglycemic ketoacidotic chikumbumtima: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sidko Denis Vladimirovich, Rostov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2007. - 25 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 25.

Sinanyan, Tatyana Borisovna.

Mphamvu ya beta-blockers kwa ochepa ochepa matenda oopsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe: chosakhazikika. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sinanyan Tatyana Borisovna, boma la Rostov. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2008. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Sinelschikov, Evgeny Andreevich.

Kuyesa ndi morphological kuphatikizika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oxytocin pochiza mabala owononga mu shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sinelshchikov Evgeny Andreevich, boma la Orenburg. wokondedwa Acad .. - Orenburg: b. ndi., 2011. - 25 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25.

Sklyarova, Oksana Ivanovna.

Kuwunika kokwanira kwakomwe mkhalidwe wamkamwa wamkati mwa ana omwe ali ndi mtundu 1 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sklyarova Oksana Ivanovna, Nizhny Novgorod State. wokondedwa Acad .. - N. Novgorod: b. ndi., 2009. - 24 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24.

Skripchenko, Natalia Danilovna.

Zotsatira zakuchiritsira ndi prophylactic zakudya zopindulitsa ndi selenium pazachipatala ndi kagayidwe ka kagayidwe mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Skripchenko Natalya Danilovna,. - b. mM: b. ndi., 2003. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Sokolov, Mikhail Yuryevich.

Zina za chapakati ndi matenda a hemodynamics a fetus mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Sokolov Mikhail Yuryevich, boma la Kuban. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Krasnodar: b. ndi., 2006. - 21 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 20-21.

Sokolova, Tatyana Pavlovna.

Pathogenetic malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a derinat pochizira njira zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy atatha kupindika kwa laser: dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Sokolova Tatyana Pavlovna, Nizhny Novgorod State. wokondedwa Acad .. - N. Novgorod: b. ndi., 2009. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Starkov, Sergey Viktorovich.

Mtsempha wamitsempha wamitsempha yamagazi amadzimadzi ndi lymphotropic mankhwala ovuta mankhwalawa odwala ndi purulent-necrotic mavuto a matenda a matenda a shuga: mtima. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Starkov Sergey Viktorovich, Volgograd State. wokondedwa un-t. - b. m. Volgograd: b. ndi., 2005. - 23 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22..

Stebnev, Sergey Dmitrievich.

Njira zamakono zochitira opaleshoni yamakono opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga a kumbuyo: diso. dis. . Dr. med. Sayansi / Stebnev Sergey Dmitrievich, Samara State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m Samara: b. ndi., 2006. - 46 p. - Bibilia: p. 40-45.

Suleymanov, Ildar Mnirovich.

Kugwiritsa ntchito sporobacterin mu zovuta mankhwala a purulent-necrotic mitundu ya matenda ashuga: mankhwala. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Suleymanov Ildar Mnirovich, boma la Orenburg. wokondedwa Acad .. - Orenburg: b. ndi., 2011. - 26 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 25 2 6.

Tadtaeva, Nelly Efremovna.

Maphunziro a kachipatala a mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga kuphatikiza ndi matenda oopsa: wolemba. dis .... Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Tadtaeva Nelly Efremovna, boma la North Ossetian. wokondedwa Acad .. - Vladikavkaz: b. ndi., 2015. - 22 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 21.

Taradina, Irina Rudolfovna.

Morphofunctional mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga: mtima. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Taradina. Irina Rudolfovna, boma la Rostov chipatala - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2000. - 26 tsa. : pic - Bibliog 23 23.

Timokhina, Ekaterina Sergeevna.

Zachipatala, kagayidwe kachakudya, mawonekedwe a pathogenetic a zovuta za gestational kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa ma algorithm a diagnostic: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Timokhina Ekaterina Sergeevna, boma la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - Tomsk: b. ndi., 2013 .-- 26 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25.

Tkacheva, Ekaterina Nikolaevna.

Kuzindikira koyambirira ndikuwongolera kwamatenda a mtima kwa ana omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 1 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Tkacheva Ekaterina Nikolaevna, Saratov State. wokondedwa un-t - Saratov: b. ndi., 201. - 24 tsa. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 22 - 23.

Tovmasyan, David Rafaelovich.

Mkhalidwe wokonzanso mafupa a m'nsagwawo panthawi ya kuchitira opaleshoni yamano kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga komanso matenda a mafupa: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Tovmasyan David Rafaelovich, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - M: b. ndi., 2010. - 25 tsa. : pic - Bibilia: p. 25.

Tonkikh, Olga Sergeevna.

Kuzindikira kwawonekera kwa osteopenic syndrome mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Tonkikh Olga Sergeevna, dziko la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Tomsk: b. ndi., 2008. - 28 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 26 - 28.

Totuom, Tamo Guy Bertin.

Kuyerekeza mphamvu yophatikiza mankhwala a antihypertensive malinga ndi jenda kwa matenda oopsa osakanikirana ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Totuom Tamo Guy Bertin, boma la Kuban. wokondedwa un-t - Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2009. - 23 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 22..

Tumshevits, Vera Olegovna.

Cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito nyimbo za chitosan zochizira periodontitis mu mtundu woyesera 1 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa sayansi / Tumshevits Vera Olegovna, dziko la Krasnoyarsk. wokondedwa un-t - Krasnoyarsk: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 24 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 23-24.

Uglov, Eugene Stanislavovich.

Mkhalidwe wa okhathamira odalira okosijeni kagayidwe kazakudya ndi chitetezo cha antioxidant mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la coronary syndrome ndi mtundu wofanana wa 2 shuga mellitus: abstract. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Uglov Evgeniy Stanislavovich, wokondedwa wa Yaroslavl. Acad. . - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2004. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Uroshnikova, Natalia Alekseevna.

Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndizoyang'anira mano a mano kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Uroshnikova Natalya Alekseevna, Izhevsk uchi. Acad .. - b. m. St. Petersburg: b. ndi., 2002. - 21 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 20-21.

Ushakova, Olga Vyacheslavovna.

Kuwunika kwa dalargin pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'minyewa zam'munsi zatsika la shuga: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Ushakova Olga Vyacheslavovna,. - b. metro Khabarovsk: b. ndi., 2001. - 26 p. : kudwala. - Bibliog. : p. 25 - 26.

Fayzulina, Regina Rinatovna.

Ophatikizana amagwiritsa ntchito miliacil ndi njira za thupi paziwonetsero zovuta za purulent-necrotic njira mu odwala a matenda amitsempha yodwala matenda ashuga: mtima. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Fayzulina Regina Rinatovna, boma la Orenburg. wokondedwa Acad .. - Orenburg: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 22 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 20-21.

Filatova, Gulnara Akhmyatovna.

Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ndi chitetezo cha mthupi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga: olemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Filatova Gulnara Akhmyatovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2006. - 25 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25.

Flyagin, Timofey Sergeevich.

Yaitali kwambiri ya mitsempha yodwala odwala odwala matenda ashuga phokoso: chosakhazikika. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Flyagin Timofey Sergeevich, Novosibirsk State. wokondedwa un-t - Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2015 .-- 21 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 21.

Khaibulina, Elmira Talgatovna.

Kuchita bwino ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala othandizira kukonza hypogonadism mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Khaibulina Elmira Talgatovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2007. - 26 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 25 - 26.

Khaikina, Elena Vitalievna.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa maantibayotiki mankhwala opatsirana kwamikodzo m'matenda a odwala matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Khaykina Elena Vitalevna, dziko la Smolensk. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. smolensk: b. ndi., 2006. - 22 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 22..

Khamnueva, Larisa Yuryevna.

Hormonal, kachipatala komanso katemera wa mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matenda a HBV ndi HCV: wolemba. dis. . Dr. med. sayansi / Khamnueva Larisa Yurevna, boma la Irkutsk. wokondedwa un-t - b. metro Novosibirsk: b. ndi., 2006. - 38 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 33 - 37.

Hanykina, Oksana Vladimirovna.

Matenda a zamankhwala komanso zamankhwala amuzolengedwa ndi maselo a mapangidwe a mapangidwe a mapangidwe a matenda a bronchitis odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a metabolic: abstract. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Hanykina Oksana Vladimirovna, Moscow State. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 24 tsa. : kudwala - Bibliography: tsa. 24.

Kharlamov, Sergey Alexandrovich.

Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga mu ana: matenda, hemodynamics, njira zatsopano zothandizira: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. sayansi / Kharlamov Sergey Aleksandrovich. - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2007. - 25 tsa. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25

Khasauova, Leila Mukharbievna.

Zoyenera kudziwa zamankhwala komanso zamankhwala ena polosera za hemophthalmus odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. ... Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Khasauova Leyla Muharbievna, wokondedwa wa Rostov. un-t - b. m. Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2003. - 18 p. : pic - Bibilia: tsamba 18.

Khokhlova, Maria Anatolyevna.

Njira zamankhwala a okalamba ndi odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losachedwa ndi neuroischemic mawonekedwe a matenda am'mimba a shuga. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Khokhlova Mariya Anatolevna, Russian University of Friendship of Peoples. - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2005. - 20 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 19.

Khrushchev, Julia Viktorovna.

Zotsatira zovuta za mankhwala othandizira pakudya pogwiritsa ntchito ma antioxidants achilengedwe pamtundu wa oxidative ndi carbohydrate metabolism mwa odwala onenepa kuphatikiza ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Khrushcheva Yuliya Viktorovna. - b. mM: b. ndi., 2003. - 23 p. : pic - Bibliog. : p. 22-23.

Khudoshina, Svetlana Vasilievna.

Dongosolo la matenda ashuga polyneuropathy ana: kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zamankhwala: wolemba. dis. ... Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Khudoshina Svetlana Vasilievna, boma la Saratov. wokondedwa un-t - Saratov: b. ndi., 2010 .-- 21 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 19 - 20.

Tsvetkova, Marianna Sergeevna.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma nitic acid pochizira zovuta za matenda a periodontal odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga: olemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Tsvetkova Marianna Sergeevna, Dokotala Wachipatala waku Moscow. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2001. - 27 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 26 - 27.

Tsymbal, Dmitry Evgenievich.

Mapangidwe ndi njira ya autonomic neuropathy mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo: wolemba. dis. ... maswiti. wokondedwa Sayansi / Tsymbal Dmitry Evgenievich, wokondedwa wa Saratov. un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2003. - 22 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 22..

Chapova, Olga Igorevna.

Zolemba zakugonjetsedwa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana amanjenje mumtundu wa I mtundu wa shuga mwa ana: chosangalatsa. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Chapova Olga Igorevna, Saratov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2006. - 19 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 18-19.

Chubik, Maxim Petrovich.

Morphological ndi magwiridwe antchito a minofu basophil mu shuga mellitus pa maziko pancreatic islet cell kulowetsedwa: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Chubik Maksim Petrovich, uchi wa ku Siberia. un-t - b. m. Tomsk: b. ndi., 2002. - 18 p. : Mkuyu - Zithunzi: .s. 17 - 18.

Shtilman, Mikhail Yuryevich.

Masiku ano opaleshoni yamankhwala opaleshoni ya purulent-necrotic yovuta ya matenda am'mimba a shuga. dis. ... Dr. wokondedwa. Sayansi / Shtilman Mikhail Yuryevich, boma la Rostov. wokondedwa un-t - Rostov n / a: b. ndi., 2009. - 36 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 32 - 35.

Schukina, Valeria Nikolaevna.

Udindo wa kukula kwa kuperewera kwa mahomoni mu genesis yamatenda a mtima mu odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 2: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Schukina Valeria Nikolaevna, boma la Moscow. mankhwala stomatol. un-t - b. M. M: b. ndi., 2006. - 28 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 27.

Erdni-Goryaeva, Natalia Eduardovna.

Ntchito boma la neutrophilic granulocytes ndi zodziwitsa apoptosis mwa ana omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga a mellitus: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Erdni-Goryaeva Natalya Eduardovna, Stavropol State. wokondedwa un-t - Stavropol: b. ndi., 2013 .-- 20 s. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 19 - 20.

Yurchenko, Elena Vladimirovna.

Zachipatala ndi pathogenetic za kukula kwa zovuta za ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto 1 la shuga: wolemba. dis. ... Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Yurchenko Elena Vladimirovna,. - b. m. Tomsk: b. ndi., 2004. - 17 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 16-17.

Yaylakhanyan, Karen Seyranovich.

Kukhathamira kwa njira zamankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zingapo za matenda am'munsi: mtima. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Yaylakhanyan Karen Seyranovich, Saratov State. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Saratov: b. ndi., 2007. - 23 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 23.

Yakovlev, Boris Nikolaevich.

Poyerekeza mawonekedwe a ntchito yamtima wamtima mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri: umboni. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Yakovlev Boris Nikolaevich, boma la Tverskaya. wokondedwa Acad .. - b. m. Nthawi: b. ndi., 2006. - 19 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 18-19.

Yakovleva, Natalia Mikhailovna.

Matenda amtundu wa pathogenetic komanso pathogenetic a kuphwanya magawo ndi magwiridwe antchito a maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi mapiritsi othandiza kupezeka m'matenda a mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1: mlembi. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Yakovleva Natalya Mikhailovna, dziko la Siberia. wokondedwa un-t - b. m. Tomsk: b. ndi., 2007. - 25 p. : kudwala. - Bibilia: p. 24 - 25.

Yakupova, Gulnara Minnehazipovna.

Zamoyo ndi magwiridwe antchito a matenda am'mimba otsegula m'mimba mwa ana amtundu wa matenda a shuga: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa Sayansi / Yakupova Gulnara Minnehazipovna, boma la Bashkir. wokondedwa un-t - Moscow: b. ndi., 2016 .-- 22 p. : mpunga, tebulo - Bibilia: p. 20-21.

Yakutina, Natalya Valentinovna.

Zovuta za microcirculatory kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa ogwirizana ndi mtundu 2 shuga mellitus ndi kuthekera kwawo kukonza: wolemba. dis. . Chinsinsi. wokondedwa sayansi / Yakutina Natalya Valentinovna, boma la Kuban. wokondedwa un-t - b. mRostov n / a: b. ndi., 2008. - 22 p. : tabu. - Bibilia: p. 21 - 22.

Mabuku a odwala 1 a shuga m'zaka 5 zapitazi

Pakadali pano, muyezo wazabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtundu woyamba wa kagayidwe kazakudya m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi motere:

1. "Buku lonena za matenda ashuga 1 la ana, achinyamata, makolo ndi ena." Olemba: Peter Hürter, a Luther B. Travis (Germany),
2. "Shuga mellitus 2013. Buku lamakono la matenda ashuga". Wolemba: Tatyana Karamysheva (Russia),
3. “Matenda A shuga”. Wolemba: Olga Demicheva (Russia),
4. "Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga wa ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata". Wolemba Ragnar Hanas (UK).

Mabuku ndi Maupangiri a Type 2 Diabetesics

Buku lotchedwa “Type 2abetes mellitus. Upangiri Wodwala. ”

Olemba ake ndi: Surkova Elena Viktorovna, Mayorov Alexander Yuryevich, Melnikova Olga Georgiaievna. Adawona dziko lapansi mu 2015.

Pakadali pano, ili ndi buku lothandiza kwambiri pazovuta za kapamba, lomwe lingagulidwe mumzinda uliwonse m'dziko lathu. Maupangiri othandizirawa akufunika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chakudya cha mtundu wachiwiri, omwe akuvutika kuthana ndi matendawa.

Chinthu chachikulu mu ntchito yovutayi ndi ichi: kutenga mbali mwachindunji kwa wodwala pakuthandizira. Kuti muchite izi, aliyense wogwidwa ndi matendawa ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza matenda awo. Ayenera kuphunzira kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kuti apewe magazi osafunikira.

Buku la odwala lili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudzana ndi matenda ovutikawa, omwe angakhudze kukula kwamavuto oopsa.

Bukuli amalilemba akafuna kupeza mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsa kwambiri. Makamaka pakakhala zochitika zapadera zomwe sizingapewe matendawa.

Zina zomwe adapeza ndi buku la "Diabetes mellitus mwatsatanetsatane wodziwitsa za matenda ndi chithandizo" cha Pavel Aleksandrovich Fadeev.

Bukuli lili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano kwa iwo omwe akudwala kapena amene ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda monga matenda ashuga. Chifukwa cha njira yosavuta yofunsira mafunso, mutha kupeza zambiri zomwe zimakusangalatsani.

Buku lotchedwa "Diabetes of the diagnostic diagnostical and chithandizo"

Kodi zifukwa zenizeni zakuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa komanso akulu monga kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi chiyani? Pali mitundu ingati yamatenda yomwe ilipo? Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji? Momwe mungazindikirire? Kodi ndi mavuto osayenera ati omwe amabwera? Ndingadye chiyani ndi zovuta pakuchita kwa kapamba?

Njira zazikulu zamankhwala zalembedwera pano. Wolembayo adzafotokozeranso wowerenga momwe angapewere kukula kwa matendawa. Pano pali mafunso oposa mazana asanu omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri muofesi ya endocrinologist.

Zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa mwanjira yovomerezeka m'mabukuwa zimangotengera kulimbikitsidwa kwakunja komanso kogwira ntchito ku Russia. Zatsimikizidwa ndi zaka zambiri za wolemba yemwe amagwira ntchito yazaumoyo. Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa za matendawa, mupeza m'bukuli.

Kutulutsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga "Matenda a shuga ndi gawo lawo pakupanga matenda amtima. Monograph ”

Komabe wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kugula buku: “Matenda a shuga ndi gawo lake pakupanga matenda amtima. Monograph ”kuchokera kwa wolemba Mamalygi Maxim Leonidovich.

M'mabukuwa, kusanthula kosangalatsa kwa maphunziro amakono a labotale kwachitika, zomwe zimapanga malingaliro atsopano okhudzana ndi pathogenesis yamatenda omwe akufunsidwa. Ikuwonetseranso kulumikizana ndi kufalikira kwa mtima wama mtima.

Bukuli limandandalika mabvuto akuwonetsa kwambiri matenda am'matenda, chiyambi komanso kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga. Mlembiyu adawunikiranso mwatsatanetsatane magawo amomwe thupi limagwirira ntchito.

Apa, gawoli limaperekedwa, komanso mfundo zazikulu zoyendetsera kusinthasintha kwa glycemic komanso kufunikira kwake mwachindunji ngati vuto la kusokonekera kwa myocardial.

Ena mwa magawo anali odzipereka pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane zovuta zovuta zamakono zamtima.

Wolemba bukuli adalipira chidwi kwambiri ndi kukana insulini, chifukwa ndiye chomwe chikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda omwe amachitika ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Amathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga wa m'magazi m'magawo osafunikira othandizira kwambiri.

Chithunzi ichi chimafotokozedwa makamaka kwa madotolo, aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira a mabungwe azachipatala, komanso kuyunivesite. Zithandizanso kwa ophunzira onse ophunzira pasukulu yoyamba.

Kupenda kolemba pa matenda a shuga kwa ana

Mabuku othandiza kwambiri ndi awa:

1. “Upangiri wapa Mapeto a Ana”. Olemba: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich, Peterkova Valentina Aleksandrovna,
2. “Matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata”. Olemba: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich, Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna, Peterkova Valentina Aleksandrovna,
3. "Type 1 ndi Type 2 shuga ana ndi achinyamata" . Wolemba: I.I. Alexandrova.

Mndandanda wa Zakudya Zabwino ndi Menyu Mapangidwe a Awafa

Mabuku omwe amavomerezedwa ndi ambiri otsogolera endocrinologists ndi awa:

1. “Zakudya zabwino za anthu odwala matenda ashuga” . Wolemba: Rublev Sergey Vladislavovich. Apa mutha kupeza maphikidwe a zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zotetezeka zomwe mungadye shuga,
2. “Idyani Pomwepo Nacho shuga”. Wolemba: Leonkin V.V. Maphikidwe ophika, omwe afotokozedwa m'bukhu, nthawi zonse azithandiza kukhalabe odzaza komanso osavutika ndi njala,
3. “Zakudya zabwino za anthu odwala matenda ashuga”. Wolemba: Ostroukhova Elena Evgenievna. Chifukwa cha mabukuwa, muphunzira zambiri zamomwe mungadzithandizire mukudwala matenda ashuga.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Mafotokozedwe a buku la "Sugar Man. Zonse zomwe mukufuna kudziwa za mtundu woyamba wa shuga:

Udindo wofunikira pakuchiza matenda a shuga samasewera osati kokha ndi zakudya zoyenera, komanso ndi chidziwitso. Munthu ayenera kudziwa matenda omwe akukumana nawo.

Izi ndizomwe zithandiza kuchita chilichonse kuti shuga asungidwe mu madzi am'magazi komanso kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zovuta izi. Chitani zokonda m'mabuku odziwika okha omwe ali ndi ndemanga zabwino zambiri kuchokera kwa owerenga ndi madokotala.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->

Mutu 20 Zolemba zophunzitsira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

M'mabuku athu akale, tidazindikira kuti mabuku awa ndi ambiri mu Chirasha, ndipo tiyenera kunena motsimikiza kuti mudali ndi timabuku tambiri tomwe timayambitsa matenda ashuga. Masiku ano ku Russia kokha munthu waulesi samalemba mabuku a matenda ashuga - ndipo ngati salemba ndi dzanja lake, akumasulira mabuku akunja. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwathu, pazaka zisanu zapitazi (kuyambira 1998), zofalitsa zopitilira 40 zidasindikizidwa, theka lake ndizopanda ntchito ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsa, chifukwa amalimbikitsa njira zomwe anthu amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Shaft iyi ya mabuku imachokera makamaka ku St.

Timvetsetsa zomwe zidayambitsa izi: mu 1998-1999.Mabuku abwino kwambiri a Rumyantseva ndi Nikolaychuk, buku la Akhmanov "Diabetes: Survival Strategy" ndi "Handbook of Diabetesics" adasindikizidwa, kufalitsa mapindu onsewa kudali ndi makope 80,000, adagulitsidwa bwino, ndipo ofalitsa ambiri adazindikira kuti matenda ashuga amatha kupangidwa. Kuwonjezeka kwa mabuku a anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi matenda a shuga kwayamba, mpaka pano.

M'mutu uno komanso wotsatirawu, tiyesa kulimbikitsa owerenga kugawa m'mabuku omwe adasindikizidwa m'magulu atatu: a) othandiza, b) owopsa ndi owopsa, c) opanda ntchito, koma osavulaza. Zowonongeka zawo, zachidziwikire, ndizofunika - chifukwa ngati mudagula buku momwe mulibe chatsopano, koma chongopeka chakale, ndiye pomulipira ndalama, mosakayikira mwadzivulaza. Tikuwona kuti tikuyenera kuyika ndalama zambiri - tsamba lolemba pamasamba zana ndi theka likugulitsidwa pamtengo wa 25- 35 rubles, ndiko kuti, okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa phukusi la Rio sweetener (momwe mapiritsi 450 ambiri alili!). Tikukhulupirira kuti tinakwanitsa kupeza zolemba zonse za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 1989, ndipo tidzakhala othokoza kwa owerenga omwe angatumize ulalo kuzofalitsa zilizonse zomwe sitidziwa.

Mndandanda wazomwe zidaperekedwa kumapeto kwa bukuli zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukambirana motere: 1) mabuku ophunzitsira a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, okhala ndi olemba mabuku aku Russia (mabuku amasanjidwa ndi tsiku lomwe adasindikizidwa), 2) mabuku ndi olemba akunja (kwakukulukulu omwe adamasuliridwa kale ku Russian) , 3) mabuku othandizira amisala kwa odwala, 4) mabuku ena othandizira (kapena mulimonsemo osavulaza), 5) mabuku azinthu zopanda pake - zofalitsa zomwe zimachiritsa mozizwitsa kapena zomwe zimapereka kutanthauzira kolakwika kwa mfundo zingapo zogwirizana wodwala matenda a shuga, 6) mabuku apadera - ntchito sayansi endocrinologists, zomwe ife tikukumana nawo malizitsani kujambula chithunzichi, koma, kupatulapo ochepa, Sudzatikhudza iwo, 7) mabuku ena tinkagwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero la nkhani.

Pazokayikira zokayikira zidzayang'aniridwa m'mutu wotsatira, ndipo apa tilingalira za malo anayi oyamba ndikupitilira pakuwerenga mabuku kuchokera mndandanda woyamba.

Mu buku la zikwizikwi mazana awiri la buku la Knyazev ndi Nikbert / 1 /, lomwe lidasindikizidwa mu 1989, zikhalidwe zimayang'aniridwa: kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi, kufunikira kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamthupi, ntchito ya pancreatic, kadyedwe ndi zakudya (gome la mawonekedwe azinthu ndi tebulo lolowetsa magawo a chakudya) amaperekedwa) Kuphatikiza apo, magulu angapo a masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi zoyeserera zaukhondo amaperekedwa. Komabe, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi mitundu ya insulin sinafotokozeredwe mwatsatanetsatane, pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimanenedwa za zovuta zowopsa komanso zosapweteka, ndipo masamba atatu okha ndi omwe amaperekedwa ku nkhani yofunikira monga kudziletsa kwa shuga (pomwe masamba makumi atatu amadzipereka ku masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ukhondo). Pafupifupi ichi ndi chitsogozo chabwino, koma chosafotokozedwa mokwanira ndipo chaposachedwa.

Zomwezi zikuyenera kunenedwanso za utsogoleri wa Laptenka / 2 /, zomwe zidatulutsidwanso makope 200,000 mu 1989. Chaka chino, mwanjira inayake, chinali chofunikira: odwala matenda a shuga adalandira mabuku osachepera mazana anayi. Tsoka ilo, izi sizinachitike.

Buku la Laptenka ndilothandiza kwambiri kuposa buku la Knyazev ndi Nikbert, popeza wolemba sanachite zambiri pofotokoza masamba osiyanasiyana a zaumoyo komanso zaukhondo, koma adasanthula mwachidule mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga ndi njira zothetsera homeopathic (zomwe zinali zaka 15 zapitazo), komanso zokhudzana ndi zovuta komanso zowawa ( komanso mwachidule - masamba awiri ofotokozera za matenda a shuga. Bukuli limatchula mitundu isanu ya insulini, imalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za zakudya ndi zakudya, koma masamba khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mu gawoli ali ndi mndandanda wazakudya zomwe ziyenera kukonzekera chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo ndi zakudya zazakudya. Zambiri sizimawoneka ngati zosangalatsa kapena zothandiza.Koma kumapeto kwa bukuli kuli matebulo azakudya zopatsa mphamvu ndi kapangidwe kake ka zinthu ndi tebulo lomasulira la mkate, kuti bukuli likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati buku laling'ono. Kufunika kwa kudziletsa kuli chete.

Buku laling'ono lolembedwera ndi Dedov ndi anzawo / 3 /, omwe akuwoneka kuti adasindikizidwa ku Germany, limapangidwira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II ndipo akadali ovomerezeka mpaka pano - monga buku losavuta kwambiri kuti adziwe momwe zinthu ziliri. Mwachidule komanso momveka bwino, ndimafanizo ambiri, imayang'ana mavuto onse ofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi NIDDM: kudya, kuchepetsa thupi, mitundu yamapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, zovuta komanso zovuta - ndipo, koposa zonse, kudziletsa, kufunikira kwake komwe kumatsimikizidwa makamaka ndi olemba. Bukuli silowerenga, silipereka chidziwitso chochulukirapo, koma likufikirika ndipo lingatengedwe ngati buku loyambirira kwa anthu okalamba omwe adwala posachedwa.

Buku / 4 /, lolemba ndi Ametov ndi anzawo ndipo lidasindikizidwa mu 1991 ndikufalitsa makope 200,000, ndilocheperako kwamabuku / 1,2 /, koma lili ndi zidziwitso zofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kufotokozeredwa kwa zinthu za m'bukuli ndi kwamakono. Nkhani zonse zachikhalidwe zimaganiziridwa, ndipo olemba satenga bukuli ndi mndandanda wazolimbitsa thupi komanso mitundu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma lembani za chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - kudziletsa, mitundu ya insulini, pazovuta komanso zopweteka. Kuchokera mubukuli mutha kuphunzira kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti palibe mitundu khumi ya insulini, koma makumi asanu ndi limodzi, kuti pali ma insulin a syringes ndi ma cholembera a syringe - ndipo izi zidapezeka chifukwa cha odwala matenda ashuga ambiri aku Russia mu 1991. Zolakwa za buku / 4 / ndizowonekeratu: ndizochepa kwambiri, limalangiza, koma sikufotokoza zambiri. Mavuto adanenedwa, koma mwachidule: pafupifupi pachimake - masamba asanu ndi atatu okhala ndi zithunzi, pafupifupi - masamba awiri ndi theka, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amangotchulidwa, pafupifupi palibe zomwe zikunenedwa za njira zamankhwala a insulin. Komabe, bukuli lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati buku lowongolera mwachangu.

Mukamawerengera mabuku a zisanu ndi zitatu -, zaka khumi zapitazo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti olemba ntchito zapakhomo, kusiyanasiyana ndi akunja, monga lamulo, sanasamalire kwambiri zovuta zamavuto am'mimba, chifukwa chachikulu cha kulumala ndi kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu uliwonse. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa choganizira anthu kuti asawopseze odwala komanso kuti asadzipangitse kuti awonongeke komanso akuyembekezera zovuta zosaletseka ndi zotengera. Komabe, monga momwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimasonyezera, zovuta zam'mimba sizovuta zoyipa ngati wodwalayo amalamulira shuga wake, ndikusunga shuga pafupi ndi masiku onse. Chifukwa chake, mutuwu suletsedwa konse, ndipo mosiyana ndi izi, ndi wodwala wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso wokhazikika amene amamvetsetsa kufunikira kwake kuti asamalire miyendo, kuchiritsa mabala ang'ono ndi mikwingwirima munthawi yake, nthawi zonse onani momwe fundus ndi impso, kuyang'anira mtima ndi mano . Akatswiri akunja amadziwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pankhaniyi mwachilungamo, koma mochenjera, kuphatikiza m'magawo awo azomwe akufotokozera zotsatira za zovuta zovuta.

Pambuyo pofalitsa kabuku / 4 / pamabwera kupumula kwa zaka zitatu, kenako mu 1994-1995. Mabuku a Balabolkin ndi Radkevich adasindikizidwa, kufalitsa kwathunthu komwe mwina sikochepera 150,000-200,000. Panthawiyo, thandizo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mabuku ophunzitsa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga linapangidwa ndi Pulofesa Mikhail Ivanovich Balabolkin / 5, 6 /. Buku lake "A Full Life in Diabetes" ndi buku laling'ono lolemba mozama kwambiri ndipo pamlingo wamakono, limafotokoza zambiri za matenda ashuga, zambiri zokhudzana ndi zakudya, limapereka chidziwitso chamankhwala a insulin ndi mapiritsi, limafotokoza nkhani zolimbitsa thupi, kudziletsa (kuphatikiza kudziyang'anira nokha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer), zovuta komanso zovuta zovuta. Bukuli, kwa kufupika kwake, lingalimbikitsidwe mowerengera koyamba pa matenda ashuga.

Buku lina lolemba ndi M.I. Balabolkina "Matenda a shuga. Momwe mungasungire moyo wonse ”- zidasindikizidwa kale m'mabuku awiri mu 1994 ndi 1998.Bukuli ndilokulirapo mu voliyumu ndipo ndi mafunso ndi mayankho, pomwe maubwino ndi zovuta zake zimamalizidwa. Zoyipa: sizingaganizidwe ngati buku, palibe zojambula, pafupifupi palibe matebulo, ndipo zomwe zimakonzedwa mwadongosolo lalikulu kwambiri. Ubwino: Kumbali inayi, bukuli ndi china chake monga ma encyclopedia momwe mungapezere mayankho a mafunso apadera - nenani, motere: Kodi gawo la mkate ndi chiyani? Kodi ndizotheka kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzidya maswiti a chokoleti. Kodi njira yochitira insulin kwambiri ndi iti? Kuphatikiza apo, wolemba amafotokoza nkhani ngati izi, popanda zojambula ndi zojambula, zomwe palokha ndizoluso kwambiri.

Buku la Radkevich's / 7 /, lomwe lasindikizidwa m'magawo awiri mu 1995 ndi 1998, lili ndi masamba 316 ambiri, koma bukuli silinaphule kanthu. Matenda a shuga, shuga kagayidwe, zovuta za matenda ashuga, mankhwala a insulin ndi mapiritsi amafotokozedwa pamasamba makumi asanu ndi atatu, ndipo china chilichonse chili pamndandanda wazakudya, zomwe zimawonetsa mbale zomwe zimavomerezedwa kuti azidya chakudya cham'mawa, chakudya chamadzulo masana komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Sitikuwona vutoli, popeza munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, komanso munthu aliyense wabwinobwino, ayenera kuyang'anira pawokha chakudya, komanso osagwirizana ndi zomwe ayenera kudya pakudya cham'mawa lero. Dziwani kuti malongosoledwe ataliatali a masitayilo olimbitsa thupi ndi menyu a tsiku ndi tsiku (timatsimikiza: osati maphikidwe, ndiwo mndandanda) ndi "pampu" yosavuta ya malembawo, pomwe chidziwitso chonse cha wolemba pankhaniyi chikufanana pamasamba khumi, ndipo wofalitsa akufunika osachepera zana. Masiku ano, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo ngati mutapunthwa pa buku la "zamankhwala" lotere, sitikukulimbikitsani kuti mugule.

Tilankhula za timabuku / 8, 13 / zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga kwa tiana, ndipo tsopano tikambirana za malangizo a "Momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a shuga" / 9 /, mawu omwe K. Martinkevich adalemba. Ili ndi buku lalikulu (lamasamba 271) komanso buku lothandiza, lomwe limafotokoza zovuta zazikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga: Kufotokozera kwa insulin, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi chindapusa, zovuta zazovuta komanso zosafunikira zapadera - matenda ashuga ndi pakati, shuga ndi moyo wogonana. Mutha kutsutsana pamtundu wa kaperekedwe ka kalankhulidwe kameneka, koma ambiri bukuli ndi lamakono kwambiri kuposa zolembedwa pamwambapa / 1, 2 ndi 4 /. Idasindikizidwa posachedwa.

Bukhu la Fedyukovich lomwe limatulutsidwa ku Minsk / 10 / ndilofunika kwambiri kwa madotolo, koma tidaliyika pamndandanda woyamba, chifukwa lili ndi malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane komanso omaliza a mankhwalawa a insulin ndi hypoglycemic mpaka pano. Buku lothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, koma, mwatsoka, makope 5,000 okha ndi omwe adaperekedwa.

Buku lofanananso ndi buku la Nikolaychuk / 11 /, lomwe limasindikizidwanso ku Minsk komanso lodzipereka ku mankhwala azitsamba a shuga mellitus, lomwe limatchula zitsamba zambiri ndi chindapusa. Ngati mungaganize zochitidwa ndi phytotherapist ndipo ngati akukufunsani mtengo wosagwirizana, yang'anani chilolezo cha Nikolaychuk, kenako ku pharmacy: mwina udzu wamatsenga womwe wochiritsa adafunsa chikwi umadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo umawononga ndalama zokwana ruble makumi awiri.

Ndemanga "pakati pa mizere": tikufuna kudziwa zambiri za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amasindikizidwa ku Minsk mnyumba yosindikiza mabuku, Sovremenny kulemba, Universitetskoye, ndi Sovremennoe slovo. Chosiyana kwambiri ndi Rostov-on-Don, nyumba yofalitsa ku Phoenix, yomwe imafalitsa mabuku a zinthu zoyipa kwambiri.

Kenako patsamba lathu pali kope loyamba la “Handbook of the Diabetesic” / 12 /, ndipo mabuku opambana a T. Rumyantseva / 14 / (endocrinologist aku St. Petersburg), N. Dolzhenkova / 16 / (endocrinologist waku Sverdlovsk) ndi buku la a M. Akhmanov mu nkhalamba ”/ 15 /. Dziwani kuti mabuku a Rumyantseva ndi Dolzhenkova adalembedwa mchilankhulo chabwino, ndi amakono kwambiri, amalankhula za zochitika zamankhwala olemba ndipo, mwambiri, ndizabwino komanso zothandiza kuposa, mwachitsanzo, zofalitsa zambiri zomwe zidasimbidwa pansipa. Buku la Dolzhenkova ndi laling'ono (masamba 151), koma lingakhale kalozera woyamba wodziwa matenda a shuga. Buku la Rumyantseva ndilokulirapo (masamba 350), ndipo mkati mwake, kuwonjezera pa malingaliro achikhalidwe, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa ku chithandizo chamalingaliro cha odwala ndi zakudya (mu 2003 bukuli lidasindikizidwanso).M'malingaliro athu, vuto la zolemba izi ndikusowa kwathunthu kwa zithunzi.

Buku la Akhmanov / 15 / lakonzedwera anthu odwala matenda ashuga a II, ndipo imawalankhula zokhudzana ndi onse awiri, matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda ena a mtima. Mwina bukuli ladziwika kwa owerenga, popeza linayamba kufalitsidwa mu 2000-2002. anakwana pafupifupi zikwi makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Timatumiza zolemba / 17 / mabuku omwe atha kukhala oyenera kuwerengera. Silinenanso chilichonse chatsopano chokhudza matenda ashuga, koma limafotokoza kuyesa kosangalatsa komwe wolemba, wodwala matenda ashuga, onenepa, komanso matenda ena angapo obisika. Komabe, tikulimbikitsa owerenga kuti asamale kwambiri pazomwe akuwayimbira komanso kuti asabwerezenso kuyesaku popanda upangiri ndi kuyang'anira dokotala.

Buku lomwe lidasindikizidwa ndi Phoenix Publishing House (Rostov-on-Don, 2000) / 18 / / / Zidalembedwa ndi endocrinologist V. Kazmin, woimira zisayansi zamankhwala komanso dotolo wazaka makumi anayi wazaka zambiri. Njira zomveka komanso zothandiza zomwe zimakhala ndi zolakwika zazikulu ndikusowa chidziwitso pazinthu zingapo zofunika. Chifukwa chake, zochepa kwambiri kapena kwenikweni palibe zomwe zikunenedwa za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa shuga, za kusiyana kwa zakudya zamtundu wa I ndi mtundu wa odwala matenda ashuga II, za mavitamini, michere ndi micro yayikulu, zokhudzana ndi lingaliro la mkate, zokhudzana ndi njira zingapo za insulin za zinthu zina zambiri, zosafunanso. Ponena za zolakwikazo, timazitchula chifukwa chosakonzekera mosamala bukuli. Zikuwoneka ngati zosamveka kwa ife kuti katswiri wazogwiritsira ntchito endocrinologist akuyenera kuwonetsa chimodzimodzi mawonekedwe a insulin humulin P ndi humulin H (tebulo 12 patsamba 119), gulu la glucobai monga kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea (tsamba 131) ndikusokoneza miyendo yake ndi m'mimba mwake (mkuyu. 15 patsamba 212) ) Sitikulimbikitsa kugula bukuli - makamaka chifukwa limawononga ndalama imodzi ndi theka mpaka kawiri kuposa mitengo ina ya odwala matenda ashuga. Mu 2001, nyumba ina yosindikiza ya Rostov (Vladis) idasindikiza kabuku kamasamba 63 a Kazmin / 19 /, kakafupi kwambiri komanso kachulukidwe kuti kasangalatse odwala.

Omaliza pamndandanda wamabuku ophunzirira ndi buku / 21 /,, yodzipereka kwambiri ku vuto la kadyedwe ka shuga komanso lolemba ndi akatswiri awiri odziwika a zakudya a B.V. Smolyansky ndi V.G.Liflyandsky. Tikukhulupirira kuti ikhale yowonjezera pamabuku ndi mabuku omwe asindikizidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa / 9, 11, 12, 14-16 /.

Zokambirana zapadera zimafotokoza za buku la 20/20,, lomwe limaperekedwa monga zowonjezera pa nyuzipepala ya DiaNovosti ndipo amatchulidwa kangapo. Uku ndi kufalitsa kwamitundu yayikulu komwe kumapereka zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi mabungwe azachipatala ndi mabungwe aboma okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, zokhudzana ndi mankhwala ndi zida, zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso mabizinesi azamalonda, komanso malamulo omwe amafotokoza phindu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Buku lothandiza kwambiri, makamaka kwa odwala ochokera kufupi, mungadziwe zamomwe amapeza poyimbira foni (095) - 973-3661. Bukuli lidasindikizidwa mchaka cha 2001, koma pali buku la pulogalamu yamakono yomwe imasinthidwa kawebusayiti ya DiaNews http: //www.diabetnews.

Buku loyamba komanso lochita bwino kwambiri la “odwala matenda ashuga” la olemba akunja, lotanthauziridwa mu Chirasha, mwina ndi buku / 22 / la Peter Hürtel, pulofesa wa ana pa yunivesite ya Medical ya Hanover, ndi a Luther B. Travis, pulofesa wa ana pa yunivesite ya Medical yaku Texas. Bukuli lili ndi mutu "Buku lonena za matenda a shuga a ana, achinyamata, makolo ndi anthu ena" ndipo, monga dzinali likusonyezera, limaperekedwa kwa ana ndi achinyamata kuti awerenge pawokha. Ili ndi buku labwino kwambiri ndipo lili ndi zithunzi zambiri zomasulira masamba 211. Pachilankhulo choyambirira, bukuli lidasindikizidwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, lidamasuliridwa ku Russia mu 1992.ndipo adasindikizira ana athu ku Germany (chifukwa chake kufalikira kwake sikudziwika kwa ife). Ngakhale zinthu zingapo zamakono sizinafotokozedwe ndi Hürtel ndi Travis, buku lawo lidakali labwino, monga olemba adalipangira ndi chikondi komanso kumvera ana odwala. Mwanjira ina, ili ndi udindo wogwira ntchito - zomwe zimapangitsa sayansi yodziwika bwino kuti ikhale ntchito y zaluso. Tsoka ilo, bukuli linalembedweramo mtundu wa sayansi wodziwika, ndipo ana azaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri amawerenga mosasamala. Koma makolo awo ndi odwala okalamba amawerenga, chifukwa chidziwitso chofunikira chimayikidwa mmenemo m'njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kufikirako.

(Chidziwitso cha makolo: mawonekedwe osavuta awa, monga momwe zimakhalira, sakukwanira nthawi zonse achinyamata achinyamata). M'modzi wa owerenga athu achichepere (wazaka 14, mtundu wa matenda ashuga) adadziwuza kuti sankafuna buku lakale, koma amafunika mwatsatanetsatane komanso malangizo akulu a momwe mungalipire matenda anu a shuga.) Tikudandaula kuti palibe bukhu lazachikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga kwa achinyamata, lopangidwira makolo a ana odwala ndi achinyamata omwe amatha kuthana ndi matenda awo a shuga okha. Zolemba za olemba zapanyumba ndi zakunja (Dedov et al. / 8 /, Stroykova / 13 /, Olsen et al. / 30 /) ndi timabuku tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitimasinthira malangizo owonetsedwa. Tikukhulupirira kuti Anna Samarievna Stroykova, yemwe anali dokotala wamkulu waku endocrinologist wa Leningrad-Petersburg kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri, alemba buku lotere, ndipo zomwe akumana nazo ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Tsopano tiyeni tilingalire pamabuku awiri omwe sanasindikizidwebe mu Chirasha, koma akuyenera kutchulidwa chifukwa cha kutchuka kwawo ndi kufunikira kwawo. Loyamba mwa bukuli ndi "Complete Guide for Diabetesics" / 27 /,, lofalitsidwa ndi American Diabetes Association ndipo lamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zambiri. Izi, kwenikweni, siziri buku, koma tsamba lamasamba 455, masentimita 2126 kukula ndi zala ziwiri, ndipo limalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti mulibe zofunikira m'mabuku athu kuposa zomwe zalembedwazi - zomwe mukuwerenga pano, pepala lokhathamira ndipo malembawo aperekedwa mbali ina ya tsamba - gawo linalo, popanda mawu, likuwoneka kuti linalembedwera pomwe mukuwerenga. Bukuli likulembera odwala achikulire ndipo ndi buku loyambirira, koma, m'malingaliro athu, lidalembedwa louma, machitidwe a malangizo: chitani izi, mupeza china.

Buku lachiwiri, ntchito ya sing'anga waku Sweden waku Ragnar Hanas (kope loyamba ku England, 1998), lidakhala mtundu wa "wodwala matenda ashuga." Monga utsogoleri wa Hürtel ndi Travis, bukuli lili ndi zithunzi zazikulu, zojambula bwino masamba 268, zopangidwira mibadwo yonse.

Bukuli linalembedwa mchilankhulo chofikirika ndipo kuphatikiza pa mafunso amchikhalidwe, lili ndi chidziwitso chodabwitsa komanso chothandiza pazokhudza matenda osiyanasiyana a matenda ashuga. Sikovuta kuzimasulira mu Chirasha - Ufulu wofalitsa amawerengera kuchuluka kwakukulu. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chodzanong'oneza bondo - m'mabuku a olemba athu pali chilichonse chomwe chili mu buku la Hanas. Chosinthachi sichowona, makamaka, simupeza mbiri ya chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, chidziwitso cha Glukovoche komanso zambiri zamankhwala aposachedwa.

Kupatula utsogoleri wa Hürtel ndi Travis, m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala mabuku khumi otanthauziridwa ku Russia omwe adalembedwa mndandanda wachiwiri pansi pa manambala 23-26, 29, 31–35. Buku / 23 /, lolemba ndi ma American endocrinologists akuluakulu a ku America a Charles Kilo ndi a Joseph Williamson, ndiwosangalatsa komanso modabwitsa, ili si buku lotchulira, osati buku lowongolera, koma chitsogozo chothandiza, koma ulangizi womveka bwino waziphunzitso za matenda ashuga komanso zotulukapo zake, wokhala ndi maulendo azakale ndi zitsanzo zothandiza. Bukuli likulimbikitsidwa kuwerengedwa ndi odwala okonzekera - iwo omwe amawerenga buku lathu kapena adzaphunzitsidwa pasukulu ya matenda ashuga.Buku la Kilo ndi Williamson lidzawalola kukulitsa luso lawo ndikuphatikizira zomwe amaphunzira. Tsoka ilo, ndizovuta kupeza, popeza linasindikizidwa mu 1993 ndi kusindikizidwa kochepera kwa makope 25,000.

Zolemba zazing'ono za olemba ena akunja - American Norah Tannenhaus / 25 / ndi Paula Brisco / 26 /, English Chris McLaughlin / 29 / ndi ena - ndi otsika kwambiri polemba buku la Kilo ndi Williamson pamlingo, komanso zochulukira. Mwachilungamo, tikuwona kuti buku la Tannenhaus limatchedwa "Zomwe Mungachite Ndi Matenda Awo," ndipo ayi, "Momwe Mungathetsere matenda a shuga," mutu wotsiriza udapangidwa ndi ofalitsa aku Russia. Koma ngakhale kutanthauzira kolondola sikusintha izi - Tannenhaus ndi zolemba zina sizinanene chilichonse chatsopano, mutha kuziwerenga, kapena mutha kudumpha. Magawo omasulira ndi mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a zakudya, mankhwala ndi njira zamankhwala samaperekedwa pamenepo, ndipo timabuku tosagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizocho. Tikuwona, komabe, kuti mawonekedwe awo, monga amafalitsa ena akunja, ndiye machaputala pazovuta za matenda ashuga komanso kudziletsa - ndiko kuti, nkhani zomwe olemba akunja amaziona kuti ndizofunikira komanso momwe samanyazi pophunzitsa odwala. Ponena za buku la Brackenridge ndi Dolinar / 24 /,, mwanjira inayake, yapadera - ili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi IDDM, chogawidwa mwa njira yasayansi ndi zaluso, pofotokoza zovuta komanso kupambana kwa wachinyamata wodwala matenda ashuga.

Mosiyana ndi zolembedwa "kabuku" zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, buku la Peter Lodewick et al. / 34 / ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri; ili ndi buku lothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe ali ndi malangizo ambiri komanso mafotokozedwe a zochitika zosiyanasiyana, komanso nkhani ya Dr. Peter Lodewick iyemwini. Iye ndi American atocrinologist wodziwika bwino komanso wodwala matenda ashuga, malinga ndi ziwerengero zathu, tsopano ali ndi zaka zopitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kwa zaka zopitilira 30 akhala akudwala matenda ashuga. Bukuli likufotokozera mwachidule zomwe Lodewick (monga dokotala komanso wodwala), komanso, ndizosangalatsa. Timalimbikitsanso kuti owerenga bukuli lipangike kumene / 35 /, mwachidule ku American Diabetes Association (lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi).

Mndandanda wathu wachitatu, pali mabuku anayi okha, popeza alipo mabuku ochepa kwambiri othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Pansi pa chiwerengero / 36 / pali buku labwino kwambiri lomwe dokotala waku Germany Axel Hirsch "Kugonjetsa Matenda A shuga" (wolemba wake, ngati Peter Lodewick, ndi wodwala matenda ashuga). Hirsch sanalembe zolemba, koma ntchito yaukadaulo waukadaulo ndiukadaulo, momwe amalankhulira za iye, za matenda ake, amalankhula motsimikiza, amagawana kukayikira ndi mantha, amapereka upangiri. Buku lothandiza kwambiri - komanso losowa kwambiri. Tasinthidwa m'chinenerochi, koma sitingathe kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, popeza tidadziwana ndi chithunzi cha buku lotengedwa pagulu lalikulu.

Nkhani "Matenda A shuga" mtolankhani waku Moscow a Rumer-Zaraev / 38 /,, yomwe idalembedwa kale kwambiri mu magazini ya Zvezda, ndi lingaliro lathu, chochitika m'mabuku ndi matenda ashuga. Choyamba, iyi ndi ntchito yoyamba kujambulidwa kwathunthu ku matenda ashuga, komanso, ntchitoyi ndi yabwino. Wolemba amafotokoza tsogolo la mwana wake, wodwala matenda ashuga kuyambira ali mwana, komanso moyo wabanja lokhala ndi mwana wodwala matenda ashuga mu nthawi ya Soviet. Amalemba moona mtima: za omwe Danish insulin amadalira ndi Maykop kwa iwo, momwe adalandirira mankhwala, momwe adakhazikitsira mwana wake wodwala ku yunivesite, komanso momwe adalipira. Masamba owopsa, owawa, komanso nthawi zina ... Osangokhala nkhani - cholembedwa cha nthawi! Mndandanda wamabuku okhudzana ndi malingaliro am'maganizo ulinso ndi buku la Mikhail Akhmanov: "Life Strategy for Diabetes" / 37 /,, odziwika kale kwa owerenga, ndi ntchito yatsopano yotchedwa "Matenda a shuga si chiganizo. Za moyo, tsogolo ndi chiyembekezo cha odwala matenda ashuga "/ 39 /, omwe analemba kuchokera kwa owerenga mabuku athu.

Tikukhulupirira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuthandizana, kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kukhala ndi chiyembekezo ndi kuthandiza abale omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu kuposa inu. Awa ndi, choyamba, ana odwala ndi achinyamata komanso makolo awo. Buku latsopano la Akhmanov lili ndi magawo anayi, omwe amatenga mauthenga kuchokera kwa makolo a ana odwala, ochokera kwa achinyamata odwala matenda ashuga, kuchokera kwa anthu okhwima ndi okalamba, ndipo, pomaliza, makalata pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Wolemba amayankha mafunso owerenga ndi ndemanga zake pamakalatawo. Tikukhulupirira kuti bukuli, buku lofanizira lomaliza la nthawi ngati nkhani ya Rumer-Zaraev, lidzakhala losangalatsa osati kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga okha.

Tsopano titembenukira ku mabuku kuchokera m'ndandanda wachinayi, womwe makamaka umaperekedwa pakudya. Apa zingakhale bwino kutanthauza makamaka kwa olondolera / 43-50 /. Buku lothandizira / 43 / la akatswiri odziwika bwino a zakudya a M. Gurvich amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso njira zamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa I ndi II, zopangidwa zosiyanasiyana ndi kufunikira kwake kwa zakudya, m'malo mwa shuga, zakudya zamankhwala, komanso kuphika kwa matenda ashuga. Buku la M. Toiler ndi ena / 44 / ndi buku labwino kwambiri, lili ndi zithunzi zokongola za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe alipo pafupifupi mazana awiri ndi makumi atatu. Zolemba pamawu omwe adatchulidwa kale a Petersburg endocrinologist T. Rumyantseva / 46 /, L.V. Nikolaychuk / 47 / ndi olemba awiri aku Czech / 48 / ali ocheperako kwambiri, koma maubwino awo ndiokulirapo: amapereka zofunikira zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga komanso zakudya ndi maphikidwe a matenda ashuga. Mndandanda wa maphikidwe m'mabuku a Rumyantseva (pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi anayi, osawerengera zosankha zomwe zingatheke) ndi Nikolaychuk (pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi limodzi) ndiwowonjezera. Kabuku ka Akhmanov / 49 / kamakhala ndi maphikidwe a zakudya zotsekemera za shuga, ma pie, makeke, makeke, maswiti, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimakonzedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa rye, zipatso, zipatso, ndi zotsekemera zosiyanasiyana.

Chololeza chaposachedwa cha Ostroukhova / 50 / chimataya zambiri poyerekeza ndi mabuku a Gurvich ndi Rumyantseva. Poyamba, m'malo ena limafotokoza za wolemba bukuli za Handbook of Diabetesics, ndipo chachiwiri, chimakhala ndi mawu osamveka. Mwachitsanzo, pali odwala matenda ashuga mamiliyoni khumi ku Russia (p. 5), kapena kuti wolemba (dokotala, monga momwe amamulembera) sanakumanepo ndi odwala m'zaka zaposachedwa omwe amalipira shuga ndi jakisoni imodzi ya insulin (p. 53).

Dvukhtomnik V.G. Liflandsky et al. / 45 / taphonya pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa, chifukwa umangoyang'ana anthu okhawo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ili ndi ntchito yofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane yokhudza zakudya zamagulu, momwe zimapangidwira zinthu, mavitamini, michere ndi micro yambiri. Bukuli ndi lothandiza kwambiri, lolemba bwino ndipo, monga buku la Rumyantseva, limawerengedwa ndi owerenga ambiri, chifukwa mabuku onsewa adasindikizidwa ku St. Petersburg posachedwa.

Tikunena zotsatirazi pazofalitsa zina. Buku la Akhmanov / 51 / lodzipereka pakumwa madzi abwino, miyezo yamadzi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Russia, Europe ndi USA, komanso zosefera zakanyumba kuti athandiziridwe wamadzi pambuyo "pachitofu cha kukhitchini", kudalirika kwa zosefera, kudalirika kwa chidziwitso kuchokera kwa opanga komanso chinyengo chazovuta m'derali. . Bukuli / 52 / lakonzedwera kwa asing'anga, koma lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi odwala omwe akufuna kuwonjezera kutalika kwawo pankhani izi. Buku lonena za chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mellitus / 53 / lingatchulidwe kuti ndi lofunika kwambiri - lidasindikizidwa mu 1986 ku Stavropol, ndipo zina mwazidziwitso zake zidatha. Koma chikwatu / 20 / chili ndi ma adilesi atatu anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kupuma komanso kuthandizidwa.

Kuphatikiza pamabuku, zolemba komanso zolemba pamndandanda wa zomwe zafotokozedwazo, zofalitsa zingapo za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimasindikizidwa ku Russia, zomwe tiziwona ngati nyuzipepala ya DiaNovosti ”(Moscow) yopangidwa bwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri yofalitsidwa ndi JSC" ArtBusiness Center " mothandizidwa ndi a Moscow ndi St. Petersburg Diabetesic Socunities (mkonzi wamkulu - A.M. Krichevsky).Kufalitsidwa kwa DiaNews ndi makope 50,000, ndipo magazini iliyonse imakhala yopangidwa mitu yambiri: mwachitsanzo, Congress of Russian Diabetes Socunities, pakati ndi amayi mu shuga, zotsatira za matenda ashuga pamatenda amtima, kunenepa kwambiri, nephropathy, komanso kusunga miyendo, mano ndi mano zina. Matenda a shuga, nyuzipepala ya Petersburg Diabetes Society (mkonzi wamkulu mwa a Korneev), si yokongola kwambiri ndipo imasindikizidwa makope 5,000, komanso imakhala ndi zothandiza zambiri. Mabuku onsewa amalumikizana ndi omwe amatsogolera endocrinologists ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, amalimbikitsa mwachangu zopangidwa zatsopano za matenda ashuga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi glucometer amakampani osiyanasiyana. Mwambo wabwino uyenera kudziwidwa: m'mabuku onse a DiaNews komanso m'magazini ambiri a Diabetes amalembedwa za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, tsogolo lawo ndi zomwe munthu wotere angakwaniritse. Izi mosakayikira zimathandizira kulimbikitsidwa kwamalingaliro a odwala. Kuphatikiza pa zofalitsazi, manyuzipepala a Diabetes-Moscow, Planet Diabetes ndi nyuzipepala ya Russia Diabetes, magazini a Diabetes: Lifestyle and Diabetesography, komanso zofalitsa zina zambiri zomwe ma adilesi awo ndi manambala amafoni amapezeka m'ndandanda / 20 /. Maimelo opitilira maimelo opitilira makumi asanu ndi malo a shuga nawonso alembedwapo. Mutha kufunsa za iwo pagawo la DiaMir: http://www.artbc.ru/ diabetes / diamir / index.htm, komanso patsamba la nyuzipepala ya DiaNews: http://www.diabet-news.ru.

Tsopano tiyeni tidzifunse: kodi ndi ma buku angati omwe anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunikira kuti lililonse la iwo likhale ndi buku limodzi? Mwachidziwikire, kufalitsa kwathunthu kwa mabuku otere sikuyenera kukhala kochepera poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe alidi 7 miliyoni miliyoni ku Russia, ndi 10-15 miliyoni mu CIS yonse. Komabe, kufalitsa kumeneku sikuposa 1-1,5 miliyoni, komanso mabuku amakono Pafupifupi makope 400-500,000 anapangidwa. Kuchulukitsidwa kwazabwino zonse pazazaka zisanu zapitazi (kuyambira 1998) zinali pafupifupi makopi 250,000 (osaphatikiza mabuku azakudya zamagulu ndi mabuku othandizira amisala), ndipo kuchuluka kumeneku sikokwanira ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, munthawi imeneyi, mabuku ambiri opanda ntchito komanso oopsa adasindikizidwa, ndipo kusindikizidwa kwawo kophatikiza (makope mazana 200) ndizochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mabuku apamwamba.

Chifukwa cha zowunikira pamwambapa, tinali otsimikiza kuti, ngakhale "laibulale yatsopano ya shuga" ilinso ndi mayina khumi ndi awiri, pali mabuku ochepa olemba aku Russia omwe mavuto omwe amatipatsa chidwi amathandizidwa moyenera komanso masiku ano. Zikuwonekeratu kuti pali mabuku ena ambiri a anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kuti kufalitsa kwawo kokwanira kukhala mamiliyoni angapo, ndikuti ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse. Koma tiyeni tisakhudzane ndi kufalikira kwa magawo tsopano, koma taganizirani funso lofunika koposa: ndi mabuku ati omwe tikufuna.

Timakhulupirira kuti ndi njira imodzi kapena imodzi, ntchito ziwiri zofunika zimathetseka: kupangidwa kwa buku loyambira ndi buku lowerengera. Panali chidaliro chakuti "Handbook" yathu ikhoza kutenga gawo la zolemba, popeza, kuwonjezera pa chiwonetsero chatsatanetsatane komanso chokwanira pankhani za maphunziro, imakumana ndi zinthu ziwiri: 1) nyumba yosindikiza EKSMO-Press imafalitsa buku (kwenikweni 5- Makope 6,000 miyezi itatu iliyonse kapena inayi), 2) ife, olembawa, tikupitiliza kuukonzanso ndikuvomerezanso ndi chilolezo cha wofalitsa, chomwe chimatsimikizira kusinthidwa kwa chidziwitso nthawi zonse. Takambirana kale za buku lothandizira / 20 / ndipo tikuyembekeza kuti lisinthidwa ndi zidziwitso zatsopano munthawi yake ndikujambulanso.

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa zolemba zaposachedwa komanso mabuku ophunzitsira, zolemba zofunika ndizofunikira zomwe zimangoganizira magulu ena a odwala: mabuku a ana ndi achinyamata, mabuku a anyamata ndi akazi azaka za 17 mpaka 22 (mtundu wa matenda ashuga), komanso kwa anthu azaka zaka ndi achikulire, omwe akudwala Type II matenda ashuga pambuyo makumi anayi, mwina buku lapadera la azimayi lomwe lingayang'ane zowawa zazimayi, kutenga pakati ndi kubereka.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi buku lonena za matenda a shuga a ana ndikudzifunsa: kodi liyenera kulembedwera ndani, kwa ana kapena kwa makolo awo? Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imasankha zomwe buku lotere liyenera kukhala.Tanena kale kuti buku la Hürtel ndi Travis, lolemba mu mtundu wasayansi wodziwika bwino, sakonda kuwerengera ana, koma ndi lofunikira kwambiri kwa achinyamata otsogola. Zikuoneka kuti kwa ana azaka za 8 mpaka 12, nthano yopeka, ngati "Dunno" kapena "Niels Travels with Wild Geese," ndiye kuti, luso lojambula lomwe kudziwa zinthu m'njira yabwino kumangosangalatsa.

Inde, buku la nthano ya ana (mwina siali lokhalo) liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi buku lodziwika bwino la sayansi lozindikira zovuta ndi zovuta za achinyamata - ndipo bukuli liyenera kuwerengedwa kwa makolo ndi achinyamata azaka za zaka 12 mpaka 13. Buku lotere ndilofunika kokwanira, ndipo liyenera, ndi zochenjera zake zonse, kufotokoza njira yolipirira matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi achinyamata, kuphatikiza pa kutha.

Kuphatikiza apo, timafunikira buku lowopsa komanso lodalirika la kubwezeretsa malingaliro ndi chithandizo kwa achinyamata, zomwe sizingangopereka chidziwitso chokhudza matenda a shuga, komanso kukulitsa chizolowezi chodziletsa komanso kuthandizira kuthana ndi malingaliro abodza okhudza kuperewera kwawo. Kumbukirani kuti zaka 12-16-16 nthawi zonse zimawonedwa ngati "zovuta" chifukwa ndi nthawi ya kutha msinkhu komanso kudzilimbitsa mtima kopweteka. Ndi chiyani chomwe ndichofunika (komanso, mosafunikira) kwa ana odwala panthawiyi? Mavuto awiri: 1) Safanana ndi enawo, ali oyipa kuposa ena (Ochepera, otetezedwa, osasinthika ndi moyo, athedwa nzeru), popeza sayenera kudya izi ndikuti, sayenera kuyesedwa ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwakukulu, ndikofunikira kubaya insulin, 2) mafunso okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuchita bwino pakati pa anyamata (kapena atsikana), kuopa kudzimva kuti ndi mlendo. Pakadali pano, amaganiza zochepa, koma amaganiza zovuta - kuwonjezera apo, osati mwaubwana, koma pafupifupi mwanjira yachikulire, pali chifukwa chochepa, pali malingaliro ambiri kale. Pomaliza: tikufuna bukhu lothandizira kwambiri, lodzala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, zomwe zimagwira, makamaka, zokhudzana ndi kugonana.

Mwakuti anyamatawa saopa kukhala opanda mphamvu, ndipo atsikana asiyidwa opanda mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, bukuli liyenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi chotsatira kutsatira njira, zakudya ndi kuwongolera matenda ashuga. Mwinanso m'buku loteroli ndikofunika kupereka mbiri ya akatswiri othamanga ndi osewera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa chitsanzo chawo chabwino ndicho thandizo labwino kwa wachinyamata.

Buku lothandizidwa kwamalingaliro kwa anyamata ndi atsikana liyenera kuzolowera mosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, mmenemo, matenda ashuga ayenera kuganiziridwanso, mwachidule, koma popanda kuchotsera pazaka, ndipo potero amakonzekera mnyamata kuti awerenge buku lonse la matenda ashuga. Kachiwiri, chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kuperekedwa ku mphindi ngati kukonzekera tsogolo la banja komanso moyo wonse, kuwongolera ntchito, kusankha ndi kudziwa ntchito yabwino, kupanga ntchito, komanso kulimbikira. Munthawi ya zaka 17 mpaka 22, Mnyamata akamaliza maphunziro ake, amalandira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri amapeza mnzake, izi zimawoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Maupangiri a anthu okhwima ndi okalamba omwe ali ndi NIDDM ayenera kufotokozela zochitika ziwiri. Mlandu woyamba ndi wa zaka 40-60, pamene munthu ali ndi banja, adabereka ana ndikupanga ntchito, koma amalimbikira kugwira ntchito molimbika - ndipo mwadzidzidzi adakumana ndi matenda. Pano, upangiri umafunikira momwe ungapulumutsire ndikugawa mphamvu, momwe mungapewere zovuta, zosowa zomwe zingasiyidwe, zina zomwe zingachitike, komanso zomwe sizoyenera, chifukwa kulipira pazomwe mwakwaniritsa (komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi izi) ndizambiri. Mlandu wachiwiri ndi wa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, pamene munthu adwala kupuma pantchito ndipo osatinso kuti anali wolimbikira. Ntchito yayikulu ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali, osapeza zovuta ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupulumutsa zotsalira zaumoyo. Ali mfulu ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri ku vutoli; amafunika malingaliro pazomwe angachite izi - mokulira komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo, popeza palibe amene ali ndi ndalama zowonjezera. Wodwalayo amakonza ndikumwa shuga wambiri, amachepetsa shuga poyenda momasuka ndikuchita kuphika kwapadera kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Tikhulupirira kuti buku la Akhmanov / 15 / lokha limathetsa mavuto amenewa, ndipo kufunikira kwake kumatsimikizira kufunikira kwa zofalitsa akatswiri azamisala.

Pomaliza, timakumbukira kuti pakati pa okalamba pali anthu omwe amaphunzira kwambiri koma osati a Maria Ivanovna ndi Nikolai Petrovichi, ndipo pali agogo a Masha ndi agogo a Kolya. Chilichonse chimamveka bwino ndi choyambirira: amatha kuwerenga, amatha kumvetsetsa, amatha kuphunzira, popeza anali aphunzitsi akale, madokotala, mainjiniya, ndi ena otero. Koma nanga bwanji chachiwiri? Alibe chizolowezi chowerenga ndi kuphunzira, sangathe kudziwa bwino zatsopano, ndipo amafunikira buku lapadera kwambiri - losavuta kwambiri, komanso malongosoledwe ochepa, koma ndi upangiri wokwanira: chitani izi ndipo zikhala bwino.

Vuto lina pakati pa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, wazaka zabwino, amene akufuna kubereka. Amatha kuwerenganso buku la matenda ashuga, koma amafunikanso buku lapadera, lomwe limamuuza moona mtima za mavuto ake komanso zomwe mwana wake wamtsogolo angadzachite. Ndipo ngati lingaliro lidapangidwabe, ndiye kuti bukuli liyenera kukhala ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane pa nthawi ya pakati.

Tikugogomezeranso kuti magulu onse a odwala, makamaka ana ndi achinyamata (komanso amayi ndi abambo awo), amafunikira thandizo lamalingaliro ndi chitetezo kuchokera kwa achinyengo. Mwanjira iyi, chidziwitso chapanthawi yake, choona chomwe mwalandira, ntchito zomwe mumakonda, moyo wabwino, chithandizo cha mabanja komanso malingaliro abwino ndizothandiza kwambiri, ndiye kulumikizana nthawi imodzi, kukambirana ndi katswiri wazamisala komanso "anthu odziwa", abale pamakalamba okalamba. Koma mabuku amakhalanso ndi psychotherapy, ndipo ndiyamphamvu kwambiri, wodwala aliyense amatha kudzimva yekha, akuwerenga, mwachitsanzo, buku la Axel Hirsch "Kugonjetsera Matenda a shuga". Koma, mwatsoka, pali ntchito zochepa "zothandizira" za odwala matenda ashuga. Ndipo izi ndizachisoni kwambiri.

Tikukhulupirira kuti kuwonjezera pa zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, mabuku amafunikira tsogolo la odwala matenda ashuga omwe athetsa matenda awo, za kafukufuku waposachedwa omwe adokotala akuchita, komanso chiyembekezo chakuchiritsa matendawa. Pepani kwambiri kuti pali mabuku onena za kusisita komanso momwe mungayeretsere dongosolo la endocrine, koma palibe mabuku onena za osewera waku Canada hoobby, Bobby Clark, wolemba TV waku TV Mary Tyrone Moore, waku Swiss playwight Friedrich Durrenmatt, wolemba nthano wa sayansi ku Paris a Anthony wosewera Mika Volontira - za anthu omwe adagonjetsadi matenda awo a shuga.

Julia Popova Shuga mellitus Njira zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala

Anthu ambiri, omwe akukumana ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, amagwetsa manja, osadziwa momwe angapangire moyo wawo kupitilira komanso momwe angathanirane ndi matendawa. Muyenera kudziwa kuti matendawa ndi chiyani, chifukwa chake amakupangika, momwe mungapewere matenda ake kuti achulukane komanso asokonezeke. Asayansi, ofufuza, madokotala samapitiriza kuphunzira za matenda oopsawa. Ndilankhula za njira zomwe mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa ntchito kuti athetse vuto la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, za njira zomwe zingapezeke pakudziwira shuga zomwe zili mthupi ndi momwe angazilipirire.

Inde, matenda a shuga sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, ndipo izi ziyenera kuvomerezedwa. Koma mutha kuphunzirapo kukhala ndi mphamvu zonse ngakhale pafupi ndi vuto loopsa ngati ili. Dziyang'anireni nokha, zakudya zanu, moyo wanu, komanso malingaliro a akatswiri angakuthandizeni kuti muzolowere chikhalidwe chanu chatsopano ndikupeza mbali zowoneka bwino mmenemo. Osakana zomwe zakwaniritsidwa pa mankhwala ndi mankhwala, kapena mankhwala achilengedwe - zonse zomwe zingapangitse moyo wanu kukhala wabwino, kukhazikika, kosavuta komanso kosavuta ndizothandiza kwa inu.

Mutu 1 Kapangidwe ka kapamba

Chikondamoyo chimatengera ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za munthu. Ili pakati pamimba pamimba kumbuyo ndi pansi pamimba, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe, yolowera mbali yolunjika. Malo ake amatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi palpating vertebrae ya 1 ndi 2nd, pamlingo womwe kapamba amapezeka.Kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwa 17-20 cm, kutalika kwa 4c cm, ndi 3 cm.Ulemera - osapitirira 100 g.

Zikondwererozi zimakhala ndi magawo atatu - mutu, thupi ndi mchira. Mutu "umawoneka" kumanja, mchira - kumanzere. Popeza kapamba amapezeka pafupi ndi ziwalo zina zamkati - m'mimba, chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndi impso, ntchito yake imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalozi. Kuphatikiza apo, ubalewu umabwereranso. Pathology ya kapamba imayambitsa matenda amkati, ndi matenda am'mimba, chiwindi, ndulu imayambitsa ziwopsezo za kapamba.

Mu thupi, kapamba amachita ntchito ziwiri zazikulu.

Ntchito ya exocrine ndikupanga madzi a pancreatic pancreatic, okhala ndi ma enzymes omwe amaphwanya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Awa ndi amylase (amaphwanya chakudya), lipase (imaphwanya mafuta) ndi proteinase (imaphwanya mapuloteni). Popanda ma enzymes awa, njira yogaya chakudya ndikosatheka. Kwa tsiku limodzi, chitsulo chimabisala pafupifupi malita awiri a madzi a pancreatic.

Ntchito ya Endocrine - kupanga mahomoni: insulin, glucagon, gastrin ndi somatostin, omwe amalowa mwachindunji m'magazi. Kupanga kwa mahomoni kumachitika ndi maselo apadera omwe amapanga zisumbu zapanchipolopolo za Langerhans. Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulin, glucagon - ma alpha, gastrin ndi somatostitis gamma ndi maselo a delta, motsatana. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma cell a beta mu kapamba ndi 80%, ndipo zisumbu za pancreatic ndizomwe zimapanga 3% yokha ya kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa England. Zotsalira komanso zochulukazo zimakhala ndi gawo la exocrine, lomwe limatulutsa ma enzyme, - 97%.

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi carbohydrate metabolism. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, glucose amalowa m'magazi am'magazi ndipo amawamwetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imalimbikitsa kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi. Ndi gawo lake, kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ochokera ku ma amino acid omwe amalowa mu cell kumachitika, komanso kudziwikirana ndi ziwindi za chiwindi zamafuta omwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, insulin imasokoneza chiwindi ndi minofu minofu.

Koma chochita chachikulu cha insulin ndikuchepetsa magazi. Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi zimabisala pafupifupi magawo 200 a insulin tsiku lililonse. Ndi pathologies a chiwalo ichi, insulin secretion imachepetsa kapena kusiya kwathunthu. Ndipamene matenda a shuga amakula.

Glucagon ndi mahomoni omwe amathandizira kupanga insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, pazovuta, glucagon amawonjezera shuga wamagazi, amakhudza glycogen yomwe ili m'chiwindi ndi minofu. Glycogen, pomwepo, amadzaphwanya glucose ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, glucogen imapereka thanzi labwino maselo, kupatsa thupi mphamvu komanso kupewa kudya chakudya chamthupi.

Pochiza matenda a kapamba, ma insulin ndi ma glucagon omwe amapangidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Matenda a kapamba

Mu kapamba, kumatha kutupa, kumakhala ndi koopsa kapena kosakhazikika, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha kapamba.

Zowopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa ku kapamba ndi izi:

• Matenda a metabolic (kunenepa kwambiri),

• Matenda oyamba am'magazi, makamaka ndulu ndi chithokomiro,

• matenda (mavairasi, bakiteriya, nyongolotsi),

• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka mahomoni (corticosteroids, estrogens) ndi ma antibayotiki (tetracyclines),

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha pancreatitis yovuta komanso yopweteka ndi mowa, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana a ziwalo zamkati - chiwindi, m'mimba, chikhodzodzo.

Popeza maselo omwe amapanga madzi a pancreatic amaphatikizira kuchuluka kwa minofu ya kapamba, ndikuwonongeka kwawo komwe kumayambitsa kutupa ndikukula kwa zovuta - kuphwanya kwa insulini kupanga, kuwonongeka (necrosis), jaundice (kufooka kwa bile kuchokera chiwindi), ascites (kuchuluka kwa madzi am'mimba) .

Kuperewera kwa insulin ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za kapamba, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Zoyambitsa Insulin

1. Zinthu zoyipa.

2.Njira zotupa mu kapamba kapena ziwalo zomwe zili pafupi ndi pancreatitis ndi cholecystopancreatitis.

3. Zoyipa ndi ntchito pa kapamba.

4. Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi imatha kubweretsa zovuta zamagazi mu kapamba, omwe sangathe kuthana ndi ntchito zake, ndikupanga insulin kuchepa kwambiri.

5. Ngati mapuloteni ochepa kwambiri ndi ma amino acid, komanso zinc, amalowa m'thupi ndipo pali chitsulo chochuluka, m'malo mwake, kupanga insulin kumasokonezedwanso. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti ndi zinc ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kusamutsira magazi. Chuma chowonjezera chimalowa m'maselo a kapamba, omwe sangathe kuthana ndi katundu wawo ndikupanga insulin yocheperako kuposa momwe amafunikira.

6. Kuphwanya dongosolo la mapangidwe a enzyme ndi chifukwa china cholephera kwa kapamba.

7. Congenital matenda a pancreatic beta-cell receptors, omwe sangayankhe molondola kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mutu 2 Matenda A shuga Aakulu

Mawu akuti "shuga" kwa anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda okhawo omwe ali ponseponse padziko lapansi ndipo amadziwika ndi aliyense, ndiye kuti, ndi matenda a shuga. Ndipo dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi ndizolondola pang'ono. M'malo mwake, matenda a shuga ndi gulu lonse la matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chosiyana kwambiri, chomwe ndi kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri. Izi zikutsimikizira chiyambi cha dzina la matendawa ku Greece: "shuga" imatanthawuza "kuyenda". Matenda a shuga si shuga okha, koma shuga. Poyambirira, chifukwa chodzikongoletsera pafupipafupi chagona pakuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi, chachiwiri - ndizosiyana kotheratu. Chifukwa chake, matenda amachitika ndipo amathandizidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ya shuga komanso yopanda shuga ya shuga ndi matenda a endocrine omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya endocrine glands, koyamba - kapamba, wachiwiri - hypothalamus.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri - wodalira insulin komanso osadalira insulini. M'mbuyomu, matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba komanso a II. Amasiyana kwambiri pakakhalidwe ka matenda komanso njira zamankhwala. Zokwanira kunena kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga kawirikawiri (kupatula milandu yonyalanyazidwa) sufuna kuti pakhale insulin pafupipafupi, pomwe mtundu wodwala wa insulin umafunikira kuwunika shuga wamagazi ndi makonzedwe a insulin kuti awongolere. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, kapamba satulutsa kapena kutulutsa kochepa kwambiri ka insulin yake ndipo thupi liyenera kuthandizidwa kuti likhale ndi metabolism yoyenera - jekeseni insulin yowonjezera, komanso nthawi zonse.

Pankhani ya mtundu wa shuga womwe sukudalira insulin, kapamba amagwira ntchito bwino kapena ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kochulukirapo, kumasula mahomoni ofunikira. Maselo a thupi omwe samalabadira zochita za insulin yawo komanso osachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi omwe "amafunika kulakwa" pachilichonse. Chithandizo cha wodwalayo chimatenga othandizira a hypoglycemic, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zakudya zosankhidwa bwino komanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, ntchito yathu yayikulu ndikuwunika matenda moyenera, chifukwa chithandizo ndi moyo wonse wodwala zimadalira izi. Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga kumakhalanso chifukwa chakuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga kapena wa insulin umayamba, monga lamulo, paubwana, zaka zapakati paubwana, kapena uchinyamata wokhala kale wobadwa kale, matenda obadwa nawo, pomwe mtundu wosagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda " "Zopindulitsa", makamaka chifukwa chomwa shuga wambiri, zovuta zama metabolic, etc.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a insulin

Insulin-wate (IDDM) ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin-amadalira (IDDM) ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Mtundu wa shuga wodalira insulin uli ndi dzina lina - matenda a shuga. Ngakhale dzinali si la sayansi, limafotokoza bwino lomwe kukula kwa matendawo. Ndi zaka zazing'ono (kuyambira 0 mpaka 17-19) pomwe munthu amayamba kudwala. Ndipo imawuka kwambiri, mosayembekezereka, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, nthawi zambiri itadwala matenda oopsa kapena kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi:

• mantha kapena nkhawa kuyambira ubwana kapena unyamata,

• matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, makamaka herpes, chikuku, rubella, chiwindi, mumps, adenovirus,

• Katemera amene amapangidwa ali mwana,

• kuvulala kwa khomo lamkati lamkati (epigastrium).

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu ndi monga:

1) chibadwire,

2) zovuta za kapamba, zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kusiya ntchito ya insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga awa, insulini imapangidwa, ngakhale yaying'ono, motero osagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus (NIDDM) amakula pang'onopang'ono. Thupi limayamba kutaya insulin, yomwe imasowa, ndipo zikondamoyo zimazindikira izi ngati lamulo kuti achitepo kanthu ndikuyamba kupanga insulini yambiri. Akugwira ntchito molimbika ndipo posakhalitsa akuwonjezera mphamvu zake zonse. Zotsatira zake, pali kusowa kwenikweni kwa insulin, chifukwa chomwe shuga mumagazi a munthu amachuluka ndipo matenda a shuga amakula.

Chifukwa chachiwiri chakukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo ndikuphwanya njira yophatikizira insulini ku cell. Izi zimachitika ngati ma cell receptor amangokhala ochepa. Chifukwa cha izi, glucose ochulukirachulukira amafunikira kuti alowe m'selo, ndipo kapamba amapanganso ntchito kuti avale. Maselo a thupi samalandirabe chakudya chokwanira, ndipo munthu amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse yanjala. Amadya mokulira ndipo akulemera kwambiri mwachangu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe amafunikira insulini. Likukhalira mozungulira mozungulira: kapamba amagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri kuti apereke maselo owonongeka ndi glucose, koma munthu amakhala ndi vuto logona komanso kudya kwambiri, amapanga maselo atsopano omwe amafunanso insulin yochulukirapo. Cancreas yadzaza kotheratu ndipo imatha kutulutsa insulini, ndipo shuga m'magazi amakwera, pomwe palibe wina wowongolera. Maselo amakhala ndi njala ndipo munthuyo amapitilizabe kudya. Munthu akamadya kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake kumakula.

Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, ndiye kuti, NIDDM, kunenepa kwambiri ndiko kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa. Ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kulemera kwa thupi poyerekeza ndi kwabwinobwino, kuthekera kwa matenda kumachulukirachulukira. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, 1st kapena 2, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka ndi 2 ndi 5 nthawi, motero. Ndipo kunenepa kwambiri, mpaka kufika pa digiri ya 3-4, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda osachiritsika chimawonjezeka, ndiye kuti, maulendo 10-30. Pochiza matenda ashuga oterowo, kudya zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu komanso kuletsa kulakalaka kwanu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira.

Koma kunenepa kwambiri sindicho chayambitsa matenda a shuga. Zowopsa zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi izi:

• matenda a mtima,

• pancreatitis yovuta komanso yopweteka,

• kubereka kovuta komanso kubereka, kuphatikizapo toxosis, kutaya magazi ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wakufa.

Akuluakulu onse amakhalanso m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, ndiye kuti NIDDM. Muyenera kuyang'ananso thanzi lanu kwa azimayi omwe abereka mwana wolemera oposa 4 kg.Onsewa amafunika kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi ndi akatswiri kuti asadzaphonye kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kamene kamayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga.

Udindo wa cholowa pakukula kwa matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi mtundu wakubadwa, womwe umawononga ma cell a beta. Thupi limayankha ngati ma virus kapena ma free radicals oponyedwa m'magazi chifukwa chodabwitsika mwamphamvu, ndikuyankha kwamthupi, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo imayamba kupanga ma antibodies kwa awa. Zotsatira zake, chitetezo chokwanira cha munthu chimadzuka kwambiri, ndikupanga magulu ankhondo onse omwe angalimbane ndi "mdani". Malingana ngati mphamvu yoyenera ikwaniritsidwa ndipo palibe ma virus okhala ndi vutoli m'thupi, njira yopangira ma antibodies kwa iwo iyenera kuyima, pomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimasiya kugwira ntchito yake. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndipo zimadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chathanzi. Koma nthawi zina izi sizichitika, ndipo mabuleki osawoneka sagwira ntchito. Zotsatira zake, njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa yopanga ma antibodies kwa ma virus sangayime mwanjira iliyonse: ma antibodies amapitilizabe ndikupitiliza kupanga mpaka atayamba kudya ma cell awo a pancreatic. Maselo amenewa amafa ndikusiya kutulutsa ma insulin ofunika kuwongolera shuga. Zotsatira zake, shuga yodalira matenda a shuga a mellitus (IDDM) amakula.

Komabe, mwa anthu athanzi omwe alibe tsogolo, chikhalidwe chosakwanira choteteza chitetezo cha mthupi sichitha kwenikweni: munthu amadwala matenda oopsa kwambiri, koma opatsirana, koma samadwala matenda ashuga. Koma kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa ndi matenda ashuga, kuzizira kochepa ndikokwanira kuti kameneka liyambe. Nthawi zina, kuyesa mwana ndi njira zonse zotiteteza kumatenda ndi nkhawa, titha kupangitsa shuga kukhala "chete", ndipo zotsatira zake, thupi la mwana limakhala "loti lituluke". Akuluakulu atenga kale matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, omwe ndiosavuta komanso osavuta kuwawongolera. Koma izi ndizotheka.

Tsoka ilo, matenda ashuga amatanthauza matenda obadwa nawo omwe amakhala oti amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa mwana. Ndi chibadwa chotere, ngakhale kuwopa mwamphamvu kolandiridwa ndi mwana kumatha kupangitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amayamba mwadzidzidzi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu, ndipo zimakula makamaka mwa ana ndi achinyamata. M'badwo wovuta uli pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amawonekera ubwana - kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 12. Ndi nthawi imeneyi yomwe nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amayamba.

• Kufooka, osati wamba, komanso minofu, kutopa kwambiri,

• kudya kwambiri, komwe kumachepetsa thupi, kuchepa thupi kwambiri,

• kukodza pafupipafupi, osati masana, komanso usiku, ngakhale kukulitsa kwa enuresis (kugona kwamkodzo kwamkati usiku),

• ludzu losatha lomwe silingathetsedwe. Munthu amatha kumwa mpaka malita asanu amadzi patsiku, pomwe kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi pafupifupi malita awiri kwa munthu m'modzi,

• pakamwa pouma kosalekeza

• kuyabwa kwa pakhungu ndi maliseche, komanso zithupsa, zomwe sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zitha kuwoneka.

Ngati inu kapena aliyense wa okondedwa anu muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga awa, musazengereze kupita kukaonana ndi adotolo, chifukwa matendawa akumakula msanga. Mishuga ya shuga imakwera msanga, ndipo impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti muchepetse shuga wambiri pamodzi ndi mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, bongo limalandira lamulo "Imwani kwambiri." Ichi ndichifukwa chake munthu amakhala ndi ludzu lamphamvu ndipo, motero, kukodza pafupipafupi.Zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka zikadali zopitilira muyeso za glucose, zomwe zimalepheretsa mapuloteni kuti asatsalira mu minofu ndikupangitsa kufooka pakupanga mphamvu. Zotsatira zakusokonekera kwa tiziwalo tamadonthina komanso kuchepa kwamatenda amtundu, wodwalayo amakumana ndi pakamwa pouma.

Zizindikiro zosatsata ndi chiwonetsero cha insulin chodalira shuga

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kuganiziridwa pasadakhale, chifukwa matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosadziwika, chifukwa thupi limakhala ndi zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza njira zamkati zomwe sizikuwoneka kwa munthu wosazindikira. Itha kukhala:

1) phazi lophwanyika komanso losweka, lokhala ndi mabala ndi ma pustule omwe sachira kwa nthawi yayitali,

2) matenda a chikopa a fungal, zithupsa zambiri, chikanga, zotupa zam'mimba zotupa thukuta, makamaka mkhata,

3) khungu lowuma la thupi ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwake,

4) pankhope pakhungu lachilendo, lomwe limatchedwa "matenda a matenda ashuga": khungu la masaya, chibwano ndi nsidze limafowola pang'ono,

5) Maonekedwe a zikopa zamafuta pakhungu kuzungulira maso,

6) mawonekedwe achikasu amiyendo ndi manja,

7) Zouma, zomangira, zachikasu, timizeremizere takutali misomali,

8) ming'alu m'makona amkamwa, kutupa kwa kamkamwa ndi mucous nembanemba.

Ngakhale zizindikiritso zonsezi sizikuwonetsa mwachindunji matenda a shuga, ziyenera kukhala zinthu zoopsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri shuga amawonetsedwa. Komabe, amatha kukambirana za kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zam'magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa mavitamini, etc. Ntchito yanu ndikufanizira zonse zomwe wodwala ali nazo ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala kuti adziwe matenda ake omaliza.

Zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga

Matenda a shuga a mtundu uwu amakula pang'onopang'ono osati owala monga matenda amtundu wa I. Zizindikiro zake mwina sizingawoneke konse. Popeza uwu ndi matenda a anthu okalamba komanso achikulire, omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati nthawi zambiri amayamba kulemera, chizolowezi ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa. Koma ngakhale ndi kulemera kwambiri, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwangozi - mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda apakhungu a pakhungu. Kapena pamene matendawa akhala akuchitika kwamseri kwa zaka zingapo ndikupereka zovuta. Ndi zovuta, anthu nthawi zambiri amapita kwa dokotala. Nthawi zambiri izi zimaphwanya masomphenya, kumva, kupweteka m'miyendo, zilonda zam'mimba zazitali. Ndipo zonse zimayamba ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri - zopatsa mphamvu m'mimba (shuga, uchi, semolina, makeke, ndi zina), zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zili ndi vuto la zakudya zamasamba komanso kusuntha. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuphwanya kupanga kwa insulin komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wosadalira insulini.

Mellitus wosadalira insulini amadalira modekha, popanda ludzu lowonjezereka ndi kukodza, popanda dontho lakuthwa la shuga. Izi ndichifukwa chake zimakhala zowopsa, chifukwa matendawa amatha kutsetsedwera pachiwonetsero ndikuzindikirika pokhapokha osati matenda a shuga, komanso zovuta zake zimayenera kuthandizidwa. Chifukwa chake, kutsatira kwambiri zakudya kumayenera kukhala njira wamba komanso yofunikira kwambiri yoletsera matenda ashuga okalamba ndi okalamba.

Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zomwe ziyenera kukuchenjezani ndikupangitsani kuwona dokotala:

• onenepa kwambiri,

• pustular khungu matenda, furunculosis,

• kutayika kwamiyendo,

• Zilonda zopanda trophic.

Zizindikiro zitatu zomaliza zikuwonetsa kale vuto la matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumakhala makamaka pakuphunzira shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Kupatula apo, ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga, kuwonjezera apo, mwadzidzidzi komanso mosalekeza, chimenecho ndicho chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Zikuwonekeratu kuti maphunziro azachipatala sayenera kukayikira, chifukwa chake ayenera kuchitidwa mu labotale.

Pofuna kukhazikitsa bwino matendawa ndikuwona gawo la chitukuko cha matendawa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso a labotale imachitidwa, momwe simangokhala capillary (kuchokera pachala), komanso magazi a venous amatengedwa, ndipo zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi katundu wamagalamu zimatengedwanso.

Komabe, gawo la maphunziro omwe amathandizira kuti adziwe zoyambilira ndi zovomerezeka kuti azichita kunyumba. Popeza m'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zodziwonera zadziwoneka pamsika, mothandizidwa ndi inu nokha kuti mutha kudziwa bwinobwino momwe mulingo wa shuga m'magazi ulili, kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena ayi, kenako pitani kwa dokotala. Ngakhale muzochitika momwe chithunzi cha chitukuko cha matendawa chimadzilankhulira chokha, ndiko kuti, mumazindikira zisonyezo zonse zakukhazikika kwake - kukodza pafupipafupi, kukamwa kouma komanso ludzu losatha, kudzifufuza sikudzapweteke. Kupatula apo, zotsatira za phunziroli zikukuuzani zambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwonera kunyumba

Kafukufuku yemwe aliyense angathe kuchita kunyumba ndikophweka ndipo amafikiridwa ndi aliyense. Ndikofunika kokha kugula zida zapadera zothandizira kudziwa shuga m'magazi. Kuti mupeze shuga m'magazi a capillary, kuyesedwa mwachangu kumafunikira ngati pulasitiki kapena pepala, kumapeto kwake komwe kuli reagent ndi utoto, chida chokhometsera chala chokhala ndi ma lanceti kapena zoperewera ndi glucometer.

Dontho la magazi limayikidwa pamalo oyeserera pomwe panali reagent. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mtundu wa lingaliro umasintha. Tsopano mtundu uwu ukhoza kufaniziridwa ndi muyeso wokhazikika, komwe akuwonetsedwa kuti ndi mitundu yanji yomwe imafanana ndi shuga wabwinobwino, ndi ati omwe ali apamwamba kapena okwera. Mutha kuyika mzere mu mita, ndipo chipangizocho chikuwonetsani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mwazi pakadali pano. Koma zindikirani kuti chizindikirochi sichiri chiganizo kwa inu, ngakhale shuga atangokulira, chifukwa zimatanthauzanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya m'mawa. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro amachitika osati pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso atatenga shuga wapadera.

Mothandizidwa kuti mudzidziwe, maphunziro otsatirawa akhoza kuchitika.

1. Kutsimikiza kwa glucose pakusala magazi a capillary.

M'mawa, musanadye ndi kumwa madzi, tengani dontho la magazi kuchokera chala chanu ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chizindikiro wamba sichidutsa 6.7 mmol / L.

2. Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a capillary patatha maola awiri mutatha kutsitsa. Kusanthula uku kumachitika pambuyo pa woyamba. Muyenera kumwa njira ya glucose mukatha kusanthula. Kukonzekera yankho mu kapu (200 ml) yamadzi, kuchepetsa 75 g shuga. Pambuyo pake, simungathe kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse kwa maola awiri. Kenako, monga momwe zimakhalira poyamba, onani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'dontho la magazi lomwe limatengedwa kuchokera chala. Chizindikiro chabwinobwino sichidutsa 11 mmol / l.

3. Kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'mimba imodzi ndi tsiku ndi tsiku (kusungidwa mu maola 24) mkodzo. Phunziroli limathanso kuchitidwa pawokha kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyeserera. Uku ndikuyesa mwachangu ngati kuyezetsa magazi, womwe ndi pulasitiki kapena chingwe cholumikizira ndi ulusi komanso utoto kumapeto. Dontho la mkodzo liyenera kuikidwa m'derali ndikuwona momwe mtundu wa mzere umasinthira. Zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kukhalapo ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo. Tsopano yotsani mzere womaliza mu mita ndikuwona zotsatira, ndiye kuti, fanizirani mtundu wake ndi muyeso wamba.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga mumkodzo sapezeka. Ngati mupeza shuga mkodzo, ndiye kuti zikuwonetsa kale kuchuluka kwakukula m'magazi - pamwamba pa 10 mmol / l, pambuyo pake shuga amayamba kulowa mkodzo.

4. Kutsimikiza kwa acetone mu mkodzo.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa sayenera kukhala mkodzo, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumawonetsa mtundu wa shuga. Phunziroli limachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapadera zoyesa kuti azindikire mkodzo mumkodzo.

Kuzindikira mayeso a labotale

Kudzifufuza molondola komanso kwabwino kwambiri kungachitike mu labotale, komwe kumayang'aniridwa wodwalayo pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, kuchititsa kafukufuku wopezeka kwa glucose m'magazi potenga shuga ndi njira yayitali, koma yolondola kwambiri.

Zitsanzo zolemetsa zimachitika m'njira zotsatizana.

Kwa masiku atatu, wodwalayo wakonzekera kuyesedwa, pomwe amatha kudya chilichonse, koma mphamvu ya chakudya sayenera kupitirira 150 g patsiku. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizachilendo - munthu amapita kuntchito, kusukulu, kukoleji, amapita masewera. Madzulo tsiku lachitatu, chakudya chaposachedwa kwambiri chizikhala maola 8 mpaka 14 pasanayambike maphunziro, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi maola 21. Ngati ndi kotheka, amaloledwa kumwa madzi panthawiyi, koma ochepa kwambiri. Sizoletsedwa kusuta masiku onse kukonzekera mayeso komanso nthawi yophunzira.

Pa tsiku lachinayi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, wodwalayo amapereka magazi kuchokera chala, kenako pakatha mphindi zisanu amamwa yankho la shuga (75 g pagalasi lamadzi). Mwana akamayesedwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Pamenepa, 1.75 g amatengedwa pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya kulemera kwa mwanayo. Pambuyo maola awiri, wodwalayo amatengedwanso magazi. Nthawi zina ndizosatheka kudziwa msanga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti magaziwo amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu choyesera, chomwe chimatumizidwa kwa centrifuge ndipo plasma imasiyanitsidwa, yomwe imapanga chisanu. Ndipo kale m'magazi a m'magazi muzindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kutengera zotsatira za mayesowa, amaweruza kupezeka kwa matendawa.

• Ngati glucose wamagazi saposa 6.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti, osakwana 110 mg%, ndiye ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino. Palibe matenda ashuga.

• Ngati zopezeka m'magazi m'magazi zili m'magazi kuyambira 6.1 mmol / L (110 mg%) mpaka 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg%), ndiye kuti izi zikuchitika kale chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa. Koma kuwunika kwa matenda a shuga sikunachitikebe.

• Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuli pamwamba pa 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg%), adotolo amamuwunikira odwala matenda ashuga ndikutumiza wodwalayo kukamuwunikanso, zomwe zingatsimikizire kapena kukaniratu izi. Uku ndiye kuyesa kwa mayeso a glucose.

• Pomaliza, pamene mulingo wamagazi m'magazi am'mimba kwambiri, ndiye kuti, umadutsa 15 mmol / L, kapena kangapo pamimba yopanda kanthu kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L, kuyesedwa kowonjezereka sikufunikiranso. Kuzindikira kumadziwika. Ichi ndi matenda a shuga.

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Ngati muli ndi shuga yotsika pang'ono m'magazi, mutha kukhala kapena musakhale ndi matenda ashuga. Potere, amalankhula za kulolerana kwa glucose - mkhalapakati pakati pa thanzi ndi matenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mthupi kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito glucose mu mphamvu kumalowa. Ngakhale palibe shuga, koma imatha kukhazikika. Nthawi zina, amalankhula za matenda am'mbuyomu, ndiye kuti, nthenda yomwe imayamba.

Kuyeserera kwa glucose kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe glucose amagwiritsira ntchito bwino ndi thupi. Imachitika nthawi zonse kuchipatala. Maola 8 mpaka 14 kafukufukuyu musanadye chilichonse, koma mumatha kumwa zochepa kwambiri komanso pokhapokha pokhapokha. Nthawi yoyamba amatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako wodwalayo amamwa yankho la shuga (75 g pa kapu imodzi yamadzi) kwa mphindi zitatu. Patatha ola limodzi izi zitachitika, kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kwa magazi kumachitika. Ndipo patatha ola limodzi gawo limodzi lachitatu la magazi limatengedwa (ndiye kuti, maola awiri mutatha kudya shuga).

Data yonse ikapezedwa, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapitilira zofunikira motani. Kupatuka uku kumawonetsa phindu la kulolera kwa glucose kapena kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga. Pofuna kuti mayesowa akhale odalirika, maphunziro amachitika kawiri.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga osala kudya ndi 5.5-5.7 mmol / L (100 mg%), maola 2 mutatha kukweza shuga - 7.8 mmol / L (140 mg%), ndiye izi ndizizindikiro zabwino - palibe shuga.

Ngati shuga yothamanga ndiye 7.8 mmol / L (140 mg%), ndi maola awiri mutatsitsa shuga - 7.8-11 mol / L (140-200 mg%), ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanya kulekerera kwa glucose.

Ali ndi shuga m'mimba yopanda 7.8 mmol / L (140 mg%), ndi maola awiri mutatsitsa shuga - 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%) ndi zina zambiri, adotolo amazindikira matenda a shuga.

Magawo atatu a shuga omwe amadalira insulin

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wodalira insulini ali ndi magawo atatu a chitukuko, zomwe zimatengera mtundu wamatenda - ndi olemela, olemerera komanso olemetsa. Matenda amtunduwu samakhala ndi gawo losavuta la chitukuko, chifukwa limayamba nthawi yomweyo ndi zizindikiro zazikulu ndipo limafunikira kuyang'anira insulini komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumatengera zinthu zingapo: chizolowezi cha wodwalayo cha hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa glucose wamagazi, chizolowezi cha ketoacidosis (kudzikundikira kwa mankhwala oopsa a metabolism acid, kuphatikiza acetone m'thupi). Vutoli limakhudzidwanso ndi zovuta za mtima zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga.

Mitundu yolipidwa ya shuga ndiyopanda vuto, mutha kukhala nayo mwamtendere ndikuchita zomwe mumakonda, ntchito, ndi masewera.

Zizindikiro za matenda abwinobwino a shuga:

• pafupifupi kufafaniza kwathunthu kwa insulin mwa ma cell a beta,

• nthawi zina kumabuka chikhalidwe cha hypoglycemia, ketoocytosis,

• kudalira zakudya komanso njira zonse za kagayidwe ka insulin,

• kusala shuga m'magazi - osakwana 13.5 mmol / l,

• shuga wa tsiku ndi tsiku mumkodzo - 35-80 g,

• acetone mumkodzo sapezeka kapena pang'ono.

Zizindikiro za matenda akulu a shuga:

• Kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe ka insulin,

• Kukula kwathunthu kwa insulin,

• pafupipafupi zochitika za hypoglycemia, ketoocytosis,

• Kukula kwa hypoglycemic ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere,

• kukhalapo kwa zovuta mochedwa - retinopathy, nephropathy, encephalopathy ndi neuropathy

• kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi - oposa 13.8 mmol / l,

• shuga wa tsiku ndi tsiku mumkodzo - oposa 80 g,

• pafupipafupi acetonuria (kuchulukitsidwa kwa zotupa za matupi a ketone ndi mkodzo).

Pali gawo lina la matenda ashuga, momwe njira yamatendawa siyikudziwika. Izi ndi matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda ashuga:

• kusinthasintha kowopsa kwa shuga m'magazi popanda chifukwa chodziwika bwino,

• Mavuto posankha mtundu wa insulin,

• pafupipafupi hypoglycemia ndi ketoacidosis,

• Kukula msanga kwa matenda ashuga hypoglycemic chikomokere ndi zovuta.

Mtundu wa shuga wosadalira insulini

Mtundu uwu wa matenda osokoneza bongo ndiwosavuta kuchiza komanso kuthandizira, komabe matendawa amathanso kukhala akulu, pokhapokha, mutatenga njira zilizonse zochizira komanso moyo. Mtundu wa shuga womwe sukudalira insulin nthawi zina umakula pafupifupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri umakalamba. Matendawa amatenga makamaka azimayi atatha zaka 65. Nthawi zambiri, mabanja athu onse amadwala matenda amtundu wa 2. Matendawa samatengera nyengo ndi nyengo, amatuluka mosavuta, ndipo pokhapokha pakachitika zovuta, wodwala amafunsira dokotala. Koma, ngakhale ndi njira yaulesi ya shuga ya mtundu uwu, imakhudza kwambiri matenda ena omwe anthu ena ali nawo kale pamsinkhu, mwachitsanzo atherosclerosis. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa shuga umakwiyitsa kukula kwa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizira kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial, sitiroko yamchiberekero, gangrene ya malekezero. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa kukula kwa shuga ndikutha kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake.

Maellellus osadalira insulin omwe amadalira matendawa amatha kuchitika m'mitundu yofatsa, yochepa komanso yolimba.

Zizindikiro za matenda abwinobwino a shuga:

• kufunika kwa insulini - osakwana 30,

• mulingo wamagazi m'magazi (pamimba yopanda kanthu) - ochepera 8.8 mmol / l,

• kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo patsiku - zosakwana 35 g,

• Kusowa kwa acetone mu mkodzo,

• palibe matenda a shuga ndi a hypoglycemic,

Njira yayikulu yothandizira ndi zakudya komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,

• palibe zotupa zam'mimba kapena mpaka patakhala kuti palibe mawonekedwe a chipatala.

Zizindikiro za matenda abwinobwino a shuga:

• kufunika kwa insulin tsiku lililonse - kuchokera 30 mpaka 50,

• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (pamimba yopanda kanthu) - osakwana 13.8 mmol / l,

• kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo patsiku - 35-80 g,

• kusowa kapena acetone wochepa kwambiri mu mkodzo,

• osatheka kwambiri odwala matenda ashuga ndi hypoglycemic,

Njira yayikulu yochizira ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,

• kusokonezeka kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwamatumbo.

Zizindikiro za matenda akulu a shuga:

• kufunika kwa insulini tsiku lililonse - zopitilira 50,

• mulingo wa shuga m'magazi (pamimba yopanda kanthu) - woposa 13.8 mmol / l,

• kuchuluka kwa mkodzo shuga patsiku - zoposa 80 g,

• acetone imatuluka mkodzo nthawi zambiri,

• Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga komanso matenda oopsa.

Njira yayikulu yochizira ndi insulin,

• kulumikizana kosalekeza kwamatenda ndipo, monga chotulukapo, kuwonongeka kwakumaso m'maso, kukulira kwa kulephera kwa impso, kuzungulira kwa miyendo

• kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mankhwala a insulin.

Kulipira shuga

Mu matenda a shuga, kuphwanya kwamphamvu kagayidwe kachakudya kumachitika, ndipo ntchito yayikuluyo ya dotolo ndi wodwala ndikuyipangitsa kuti ikhale yofanana. Komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kukwaniritsa zotsatira zoyenera, makamaka ngati matendawa ayambitsidwa kapena wodwala saiwala kuwongolera mkhalidwe wake ndikumwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, mkhalidwe wa metabolism wa carbohydrate mu shuga ngakhale panthawi yamankhwala ungakhale wosiyana. Pali mitundu itatu ya chiphuphu cha shuga - yolipidwa, yolipiridwa ndi kuchotsedwa.

Mitundu yowonjezera ya matenda ashuga ndi mkhalidwe wabwino wa wodwalayo, chifukwa cha chithandizo chomwe chitha kukwaniritsa shuga yochepa m'magazi ndikusowa kwake kwathunthu mkodzo.

Mtundu wophatikizidwa wa matenda ashuga umadziwika ndi zotsatirazi zamankhwala: kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikusiyana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi, ndiye kuti, sikuposa 13.9 mmol / l, ndipo kutayika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mumkodzo sikupitilira 50 g. Nthawi yomweyo, acetone mumkodzo sapezeka.

Mitundu yovomerezeka ya matenda ashuga ndiyoosokoneza kwambiri nthawi yonse ya matendawa, chifukwa ndizosatheka kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya ndi shuga m'magazi. Ngakhale mankhwalawa, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera pamwamba pa 13.9 mmol / L, ndipo kutayika kwa glucose mu mkodzo patsiku kupitirira 50 g, acetone imawonekera mkodzo. Kuphatikiza apo, chikomokere cha hypoglycemic chimachitika.

Mitundu yonseyi ya matenda ashuga imakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa thanzi lathunthu. Zikuwonekeratu kuti mtundu woperewera wa shuga suyenera kuwononga ziwalo zina, koma kulipidwa mokwanira kapena ayi konse kumapangitsa kuti magazi azisintha, kusintha kwa cholesterol ndi zizindikiro zina. Tebulo lotsatirali likuwonetsa kudalira kwakubwezeredwa kwa shuga mu njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeserera mkhalidwe wathupi lathunthu.

Mavuto Aakulu a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndiabwino chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Koma sikuti ndizofunikira zokha, koma zitha kupewedwa ngati shuga yalipidwa. Ndipo pa ichi muyenera kuchita chilichonse. Momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchiritsa thupi lanu, ndikuuzani pang'ono mtsogolo. Tsopano, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zovuta zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Mavuto ali pachimake komanso osatha. Pazovuta zovuta, simungathe kutaya miniti - muyenera kuthandiza wodwalayo, chifukwa izi zimayamba mwachangu, mkati mwa maola ochepa, nthawi zina mphindi kapena masekondi.Ngati wodwala sathandizidwa pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kufa.

Mavuto ena ophatikizika amaphatikizapo zotupa zazing'onoting'ono za maso, impso, ndi miyendo. Mavutowa amakula pang'onopang'ono, pakupita zaka ndi zaka, motero amatchedwa kuti zovuta zakuchedwa. Ndi chithandizo chabwino cha matenda ashuga, pomwe chiphuphu chake chikuchitika, ndiye kuti, shuga wamagazi amasungidwa mwachizolowezi motsogozedwa ndi mankhwala, zovuta izi sizimakhalapo konse.

Pali zovuta zisanu zoyipa za shuga: hypoglycemia (kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi), hyperglycemia (kukwera kwa shuga), ketoacidosis (kuchuluka kwa acidity), glucosuria (kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo), komanso kudwala matenda ashuga.

Hypoglycemia

Palibe njira yodziwika yodziwira vutoli, chifukwa limadziwika ndi kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi poyerekeza ndi gawo lomwe wodwala anali nalo kale: munthu aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mulingo wa shuga unkasungidwa bwino, ndiye kuti kutsika kwake kufika pa 3,3 mmol / L ndipo pansipa kudzakhudza thanzi la wodwalayo ndipo kumatchedwa hypoglycemia. Chofunika kwambiri ndilinso mlingo wa kugwa kwa shuga. Ndi kuchepa kwakuthwa, ngakhale 5.5 mmol / L imawoneka yotsika kwambiri kwa wodwala ndipo amamva kusasangalala kwambiri. Komanso, ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa pang'ono, ndiye kuti wodwalayo sangazindikire momwe akufikira msinkhu wa 2.8 mmol / l, pomwe munthuyo amadzimva bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa hypoglycemia kuposa chizindikiro cha shuga palokha.

Hypoglycemia ndi vuto lomwe limatha kuchitika ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi labwino omwe agwira ntchito yayikulu ya minofu ndipo sanabwezeretse glucose yemwe amapezeka ndi chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta. Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuwonedwa pakuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudya chidutswa cha shuga kapena uchi, ndipo mkhalidwe wopanda pake umasowa. Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemia mwa anthu athanzi ukhoza kutchulidwa kambiri.

Zoyambitsa Hypoglycemia

1. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

2. Osapeza chakudya chokwanira (kufooka chifukwa chanjala).

3. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

4. Matenda a kapamba ndi ndulu za endocrine.

5. Kukula kwa hypoglycemia kungalimbikitsidwe ndimankhwala ena, monga tetracycline, oxytetracycline, terramycin, sulfomides, anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid, anaprilin, reserpine, clonidine, komanso anabolic mankhwala ndi mowa.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Matendawa amakula msanga, pakapita mphindi zochepa. Amadziwika ndi njala yadzaoneni komanso kufooka kwakukulu, komwe kumakulira ndikufika pachimake, kotero kuti munthu amaphwanya thukuta lamphamvu, akuyamba kugunda kwamtima komanso kugwedeza kwamphamvu kwamkati, kuwona kawiri, komanso ngakhale chisokonezo.

Momwe mungathandizire kuukira kwa hypoglycemia

Muyenera kudya chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta, mwachitsanzo chidutswa chaching'ono cha mkate, zidutswa zingapo za shuga, kumwa kapu ya tiyi wokoma. Pakatha mphindi zochepa, ngati vutolo silikuyenda bwino, tenganinso shuga. Ndikwabwino kusalowetsa m'malo ndi maswiti, makeke kapena chokoleti, chifukwa shuga omwe amapezeka mumalowedwe amakhala wowonda komanso pang'onopang'ono, mkati mwa mphindi 15-20. Ndipo simungathe kudikira motalika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu amakonda izi, ndibwino kuti azikhala nanu shuga pang'ono nthawi zonse.

Hypoglycemic kugwedezeka

Hypoglycemic shock ndi kuchepa kwakukuru kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amapezeka ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kumayambitsidwa kapena kubisidwa ndi insulin ya kapamba. Matendawa ndi owopsa, amakula msanga ndikusintha chikomokere.Gawo loyamba ndikutupa kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, gawo lachiwiri ndikumverera kofowoka, kugona ndi kugona, nthawi zina kumatsatana ndi kusalingalira kwakuthupi kwamalingaliro, ndipo pamapeto pake, gawo lachitatu (kutsika kwa glucose wamagazi mpaka 40% kapena kutsika) - kunjenjemera, kukokana, kuzindikira .

Pothana ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, munthu amafunika thandizo mwachangu - jekeseni 60 ml ya shuga 40% kapena 1 mg ya glucagon pansi pa khungu kupita mu mtsempha, womwe umapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, njira zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi adotolo, ndipo anthu oyandikana ndi adokotala asanafike angathandize wodwala motere: kuvala lilime kapena kupukutira kena kena kake kamkamwa - shuga kapena uchi.

Hypoglycemia wabodza

Zomverera monga ndi hypoglycemia weniweni - kunjenjemera m'malire, kufooka, thukuta lozizira. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, koma kumatsika kwakhazikika pakapita nthawi yayitali hyperglycemia (shuga yayikulu), ndiye kuti pambuyo pa insulin. Kuti munthu asamve kusasangalala, ayenera kudya kapena kumwa kanthu.

Hyperglycemia

Ngati magazi a shuga akwera kotero kuti amapitilira zovomerezeka, ndiye kuti hyperglycemia imachitika. Kuonjezera shuga kumawonjezera ntchito ya impso, yomwe imakonda kuchotsa shuga wambiri mumkodzo, kotero munthu nthawi zambiri amakodza (pambuyo pa maola 1-2). Zotsatira zake, thupi limataya madzi ambiri, pamakhala ludzu lamphamvu komanso pakamwa louma. Ngakhale usiku, munthu amatha kudzuka kuzizindikiro izi. Zonsezi zimayenda limodzi ndi kufooka wamba komanso kuchepa thupi, ndipo munthu akayamba kuchepa thupi, ndiye kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu.

Komabe, ngati magazi a magazi akwera pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti munthuyo sangazindikire kuwonongeka. Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa shuga kumapangitsa kusintha koopsa mthupi, ndipo wodwalayo amawazolowera ndipo samadziona ngati wodwala. Uku ndiye kuchepa kwa hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo hypoglycemia itatha. Izi zimachitika motere: chiwindi chimayankha mwachangu kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndikutulutsa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka kuposa masiku onse. Nthawi zambiri, hyperglycemia yotere imachitika m'mawa, ngati usiku tulo tulo timachepetsa shuga. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa shuga m'mawa ndi shuga wabwinobwino masana kumatha kukhala kaphokoso.

Hyperglycemia ndiye chiwopsezo chowopsa cha matenda ashuga, chifukwa chimayambitsa zovuta za matendawa, zomwe zimasokoneza ntchito pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya wodwalayo ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa shuga yotsimikiziridwa, yomwe shuga ya magazi imasungidwa nthawi zonse, sizimapereka zovuta.

Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa, kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kufooka, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso ngakhale kununkhira ndi mawonekedwe a acetone mkodzo. Zotsirizazo zimatha kukhala zowopsa - ketoacidotic chikomokere.

Kodi ketoacidosis ndi chiyani ndipo imachitika bwanji? Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, magazi a m'magazi nthawi zambiri amadzuka, koma thupi lokha ndi lomwe limayamba kutsatira izi, kuchotsa shuga mumkodzo. Zotsatira zake, maselo amayamba kufa ndi njala, ndipo chiwindi chimathamangira kukawathandiza, ndikuponyera glucose wawo m'magazi ndikukweza shuga m'magazi kwambiri. Koma chiwindi sichimapulumutsa maselo, chifukwa kulibe insulini. Kenako thupi limayesetsa kuthana ndi vutolo m'njira ina: limadzithira mafutawo kuti ipatsenso mphamvu. Koma nthawi yomweyo zakumwa za asidi zimapangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa thupi. Poizoni amatchedwa matupi a ketone. Zimalowa m'magazi kudzera m'magazi, ndikusokoneza acid yake. Ketosis imapezeka m'thupi - momwe matupi a ketone amadzisonkhanira.Akamapangidwa kwambiri, magaziwo amasintha moyenera kwambiri. Ndi poizoni wamphamvu ndi matupi a ketone, ketoacidosis imachitika, yomwe imatha kulowa mu ketoacidotic coma. Kutsika kwambiri m'munsi mwa asidi kumatha kupha.

Mulingo wabwinobwino wa acid-base balance ndi 7.38-7, 42 pH.

Mlingo Wowopsa - 7.2 pH.

Coma imabwera - 7.0 pH.

Wofera - 6.8 pH.

Ndi ketoacidosis, chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira ndichofunikira. Dokotala amalowetsa insulin m'mitsempha ya wodwalayo ndikuwononga acetone mothandizidwa ndi mayankho a mtsempha wa magazi. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kuchipatala. Wodwala yekha sangathe kuthana ndi vuto lakelo, chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwa zizindikiro za ketoacidosis, muyenera kuyimbira foni dokotala.

Glucosuria

Vuto lina la shuga, lomwe shuga limatuluka mkodzo. Izi zokha zimangowonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa shuga kumawonedwa m'magazi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti shuga amangolowa mkodzo pomwe magazi ake amapitilira zomwe zimadziwika kuti aimpso - 8-11 mmol / L (160-170 mg%). Koma zimachitika kuti shuga mumkodzo amawonekera, ngakhale shuga ali bwino m'magazi. Izi zimachitika kwa odwala matenda a shuga ngati shuga ndi mkodzo amuchotsera nthawi yayitali ndipo impso amazolowera kale, chifukwa chake amapitilizabe kuphatikiza shuga ngakhale ali munthawi yayitali m'magazi. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga a impso. Iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti isayang'ane chizindikiro cha shuga mumkodzo monga chifukwa chotsitsira shuga. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa bwino ngati ali ndi matenda a impso.

Matenda a shuga

Uwu ndi mkhalidwe wowopsa komanso wodwala kwa wodwalayo, womwe umadziwika ndi kutaya mtima kwathunthu, kusayankha kuyang'ana kunja, komanso kufooka kwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za thupi. Poterepa, pali zoletsa zamphamvu za ntchito yamkati yamanjenje. Coma imachitika ndikusowa kwambiri kwa insulin, motero imabweretsa zotsatira monga hyperglycemia ndi ketoacidosis pagawo lovuta kwambiri. Ndipo chomwe chimayambitsa kudwala matenda ashuga chimatha kukhala nkhawa kwambiri, matenda opatsirana kapena matenda a mtima, osachita bwino komanso insulin.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyesetsa kuti asamachite mantha kuti asayang'anire kuzungulira kwa thupi pakachitika zosokoneza, kuyang'ana mtima, kupsa mtima komanso kupewa matenda mthupi, ndikuwonetsetsa masiku a insulin.

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga

Mavuto abwinobwino a shuga ndimatenda pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe amthupi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiko kuti, hyperglycemia. Masewera a glucose okwera, shuga wambiri amalowa m'matupi. Popeza minyewa yambiri yathupi lathu imakhala yosayimira kanthu pa insulin, ngati shuga alowa kale m'matumbo kapena m'mitsempha yamagazi, sizingatheke kuchotsa pamenepo pogwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Mapeto am'mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi - mitsempha ndi mitsempha, ma capillaries ndipo, koposa zonse, maso, omwe, ma ndimu amaso, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Tiziwalo zonsezi zimakumana ndi kupsinjika kwa shuga ndipo, polephera kupirira, zimayamba kupweteka. Zotsatira zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri - khungu, kulephera kwa impso, kulowetsedwa m'magawo am'munsi, zina. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya wodwalayo ndikupewa zovuta, chifukwa chake, kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiko kuti, kutsatira zakudya ndi kupereka insulin panthawi yake, kuwongolera mosamala chikhalidwe. Kuti izi zitheke, kusuta fodya komanso kupewe kupanikizika kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndiye kuti shuga idzalipidwa, ndipo zovuta sizidzawonekera konse kapena zidzapitirira pang'ono.

Matenda a shuga

Popeza shuga wambiri amalowa m'matumba ndikuwakhudza iwo moipa, mitsempha ya impso imakumana ndi zomwezi. Makoma awo amalimba, ndikuwunika kwa ziwiya kumachepa, chifukwa chomwe magazi amayendayenda. Popeza magazi amayenda bwino m'mitsempha, impso sizingagwire bwino ntchito ndipo zochita zake zimacheperachepera. Koma izi zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Gawo loyambirira la kuwonongeka kwa impso limabisidwa, kuti wodwalayo asazindikire. Komabe, padakali pano ndi pomwe zitha kupititsa njira yopewera matendawa ndikuletsa kulephera kwa impso. Chifukwa chake, kudziwika ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake ndikofunikira.

M'badwo komanso gawo la matenda ashuga ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zovuta. Zikuwonekeratu kuti okalamba wodwalayo komanso nthenda zowonjezereka, amatha kuwonongeka msanga m'matumbo a shuga. Nealropathy yeniyeni ndiyo vuto lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limapangitsa kuti wodwala amwalira ngati njira zoyenera sizitengedwa ndipo chithandizo choyenera sichikuchitika.

Ngati matenda a shuga sangalipidwe, ndiye kuti, shuga sangakhalebe wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti patatha zaka 5 kuchokera pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, a impso nephropathy amatha. Pafupifupi, zimayamba zaka 10-15 pambuyo poti matendawa atayamba. Koma zizolowezazi zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza shuga kungapewedwe paliponse popewa shuga.

Zizindikiro zakukula kwa diabetesic nephropathy

• Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi, nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso pafupipafupi, ngakhale osachita kwambiri.

• Maonekedwe a mapuloteni mumkodzo.

• Popita nthawi, kufooka kwathunthu, kutopa, kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, kugona kwa mtima, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, ndi minyewa yolimbitsa thupi.

• Panthawi yayikulu ya matendawa, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera mwamphamvu ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi tinnitus, ntchentche zong'ambika ndi chophimba pamaso pa maso, komanso dzanzi la zala.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi zotupa za zotumphukira, nthawi zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu. Ili ndiye vuto la matenda ashuga kwambiri, kotero kuti khungu la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga limapezeka kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu ena.

Matendawa amakula kwambiri kwa wodwalayo, ndiye kuti gawo loyambirira limapezeka ndikungomuyesa mokwanira. Popeza chiopsezo chokhala ndi vutoli ndichokulirapo (patatha zaka 20 kuyambira pa chiyambi cha matenda a shuga, pafupifupi 98% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga), ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga azisanthula pafupipafupi.

Ndi kugonja kwa zombo zazing'ono, ndipo zimalowera m'maso athunthu amunthu, kusintha kumachitika mmenemo, komwe kumapeto kwake kumasintha. Choyamba, magalasi amakhudzidwa, omwe amayambitsa matenda amanjenje, kenako kuwala kwa diso, ndipo izi zimayambitsa khungu. Pofuna kupewa zovuta izi, wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesa kufufuza zaka pafupifupi ziwiri zilizonse ndi akatswiri amisala, ndipo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesedwa chaka chilichonse.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a retinopathy

• Maonekedwe a zotupa m'mizere ngati mawanga amdima kapena mawanga, makamaka mkati mwa diso.

Kenako pamadza kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha, yomwe imakhala yoipa, mu mawonekedwe a malupu ndi pawiri. Mitsempha yambiri imakhala yambiri.

• Pali kuchepa kwa maonedwe achilengedwe, kuchepa kwa malo owoneka, ntchentche zong'ambika, mawonekedwe a chifunga patsogolo pa maso, kuzindikira kwazinthu.

• Myopia kapena kuwona patali kumakula.

• Zotengera mu iris zamaso zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga glaucoma.

• Pali mtambo wa mandala - kuyambitsidwa kwa matenda amkati.

• Kuchepa mphamvu ndi kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi kumafika pamlingo woti ngakhale katundu wochepa amabweretsa kutaya kwatsopano.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga retinopathy

1.Chowunika chachikulu chofufuzira ndikuwunika kwa fundus kuti mupeze kuchepa kwamitsempha, zotupa, edema, komanso kupezeka kwa mphamvu pa fundus.

2. Kudziyang'ana kwakunja kwa diso kuti mupeze zotengera zosinthika komanso kupezeka kwa zotupa.

3. Kudziwitsa za kuona.

4. Kudziwitsa za kupanikizika kwa intraocular.

5. Kuwerenga kwa iris.

6. Tanthauzo la magawo owonera.

7. Kuwerengera kwa mandala ndi matreous thupi pogwiritsa ntchito njira za ultrasound.

8. Kuyeserera kwa Fundus.

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamiyendo (microangiopathy)

Izi ndizovuta kwambiri za matenda ashuga, chifukwa zotengera zazing'ono zimavutika makamaka ndi shuga wambiri. Koma chosasangalatsa kwambiri ndichakuti matendawa amatha kuchitika ngakhale adakali aang'ono. Vutoli limayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimakhala zosatheka kuzindikira wodwalayo poyambira. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati matendawo afika pakulimba ndikufunika chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira, wodwalayo amawona kusokonekera kwa thanzi lake, ndikusintha kukhala zowawa ndi zina zosasangalatsa za matendawa.

Zizindikiro za microangiopathy zam'munsi zatsika

Ululu m'miyendo, makamaka mukayenda, omwe akupweteka, kusoka kapena kudula mwachilengedwe. Matendawa akamakula, ululu wake umakulirakulira ndipo suima ngakhale pakupuma.

Kutopa ndi kufooka.

Mtundu wakuda kapena "marble" wakhungu la kumapazi. Matendawa akamapitilira, zala zakumaso zimakhala za cyanotic, ndipo miyendo ndi miyendo yokutidwa ndi mawanga a cyanotic, keratinization amawonekera pamapazi.

Misomali imakhala yowuma komanso yofinya, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali.

Kutentha kwa khungu la kumapazi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa thupi, chifukwa magazi amayenda m'magazi ndipo magazi amayenda pang'onopang'ono.

Kutupa kwa ziwiya zazikulu sikusokonezeka, chifukwa matendawa amakhudza ziwiya zochepa chabe zamiyendo.

Mu gawo lalikulu la matendawa, kuchuluka kwa minyewa ya miyendo ndi miyendo kumachepa.

Pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, zilonda zimawoneka pamiyendo ndi kumapazi omwe samachira, minofu yamiyendo imakhala yakufa, ndipo gangran wa malekezero amayamba.

Kuzindikira kwa microangiopathy yam'munsi malekezero

Poyamba matendawa atadwala, wodwalayo sakayikiranso kuti awonjezera vuto, atha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zoyeserera. Ndipo ngati kuvutikaku kukuwonekera ndi zisonyezo zamatenda, ndiye kuti kuyezedwa ndikofunikira. Popeza microangiopathy yam'munsi kwambiri nthawi zambiri imawonekera motsutsana ndi zovuta zina za matenda ashuga - matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi nephropathy, ndi matenda awa, wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa maphunziro owonjezera pakuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono zam miyendo. Osachepera kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunikidwa kuti asadzaphonye kuyambiranso. Njira zodziwikirazi ndi monga njira zotsatirazi:

kuphunzira wamagazi m'miyendo,

njira zodziwitsira matenda a radioisotope.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa zombo zazikulu

Vutoli limatchedwa diabetesic macroangiopathy chifukwa ziwiya zazikulu zamoyo zonse - mtima, ubongo, ndi miyendo - zikuvutika kale nazo. Zomwe zimayambitsa mavutowa zili m'magazi a metabolic, makamaka chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta, zomwe zimayambitsa kupendekera pang'onopang'ono, kulimbitsa makhoma a mitsempha yamagazi ngakhale kuphulika kwawo. Izi ndichifukwa choti mafuta ndi magazi amaundana sizingadutse m'mitsempha yosinthika ndikudziunjikira pakhoma. Matendawa amafanana ndi mtima wamatenda, koma amatengera zifukwa zina.

Chotupa cha msempha - zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe

Ngati, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, zotengera zazikuluzikulu zochokera ku msempha zimakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe sizikuyenda bwino.Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zomwe zimapereka magazi m'manja kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa magazi m'manja, motero, kufooka komanso kusayenda bwino kwa kayendedwe ka manja ndi kulumikizana kwa manja, kupweteka m'manja ndi kumva kutopa. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya carotid kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamawonedwe, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yakumatha, kutulutsa ntchentche patsogolo pa maso, komanso kutayika kwa mawonekedwe.

Ngati mitsempha yopereka ziwalo zamkati ndi magazi ikuvutika ndi matenda a shuga, ntchito yawo imasokonekera. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kudzimbidwa, kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kwam'mimba mutatha kudya, ndikupangitsa wodwalayo kukomoka, kutulutsa magazi ndi kupindika. Nthawi yomweyo, acidity ya madzi am'mimba amachepa. Ululu umachitika mu mawonekedwe a kuvuta kwa ola limodzi ndi theka, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kupweteka mumtima, chifukwa, monga lamulo, nthawi yomweyo kuwonongeka kwa nthambi za msempha - ziwiya zamkati mwazomwe zimawonongeka -

Kuwonongeka kwa thunthu lalikulu la msempha kumayambitsa chizungulire, tinnitus, kuwona kawiri, kuyendayenda poyenda, komanso kugona kwakanthawi kochepa. Mwa odwala ena, kuyankhula ndi kuwameza kumalephera, kuletsa kumachitika thupi lonse ndipo ziwalo zimayamba.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima wamtima mu shuga

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima kumayambitsa matenda a ischemic, omwe amadziwonetsera mu kusowa kwa magazi kwa mtima, minofu yamtima imayamba kugwiridwa ndipo, chifukwa chake, angina pectoris kapena infarction ya myocardial imachitika. Chifukwa cha atherosulinosis yamitsempha yama mtima yoyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga, mpweya wochepa umaperekedwa kwa minofu yamtima kuposa chofunikira, ndicho chifukwa cha chitukuko cha angina pectoris.

Zizindikiro za angina pectoris

Angina pectoris amadziwulula ndi kugwidwa kuyambira masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi 5 mpaka 10. Ngati vuto likachitika, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa piritsi ya nitroglycerin pansi pa lilime, yomwe imachotsa mwachangu. Zovuta zimatha chifukwa cha kupsinjika kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi, koma zimatha kudzipuma - ndiye kuti ndizowopsa ndipo zimafunikira kuchipatala msanga. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za angina pectoris ziyenera kudziwika bwino. Nazi izi:

kukanikiza, kupweteka kapena kupinikiza kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum kapena mu dera lamphamvu kwambiri. Poyamba ofooka, kenako amakula ndi kukhala wamphamvu. Ululu umatha kuperekedwa paphewa, phewa lamanzere, khosi, nsagwada ndi mkono wamanzere, kufikira chala chaching'ono. Nthawi zina ululu umapereka kudzanja lamanja,

thukuta lomata, lozizira

kukwera kwa magazi,

Pali kumverera kwawopa kufa kapena kukhumudwa.

Ngati chiwopsezo cha angina chimabwerezedwa pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu wokulitsidwa kwa myocardial infarction. Ndipo izi ndizowononga kwambiri minofu ya mtima, zomwe zimatha kudzetsa pulmonary edema ndi kufa.

Zizindikiro za chidziwitso chisanachitike

Kukula kwa ziwopsezo za angina, kuoneka kwa adani ngakhale mutachita zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono kuposa kale.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa ziwengo za angina.

Kuchepetsa kapena kusowa kwenikweni kwa mphamvu ya nitroglycerin polimbikitsira kupweteka kwa mtima.

Sinthani pakudziwitsani kwawoko ndi kufalikira kwake.

Maonekedwe a angina amawukira, ngakhale pakupumula, ndiye kuti, kupezeka kwa ululu mumtima popanda chifukwa. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri chofuna kuchipatala msanga.

Zizindikiro za myocardial infarction

Ululu womwe umachitika mumtima, kumbuyo kwa sternum, nthawi zina kumunsi kwa sternum ndi epigastric dera. Ululu umawongolera kumanzere ndi phewa lamanzere, osakhala ndi tsamba la phewa, nsagwada ndi khosi. Mtundu wa ululuwo sukusintha, mwina umachepa kapena kuwonjezekanso. Kukumana ndi zowawa kumatha kukhala maola angapo kapena masiku.

Milomo yopaka komanso yabuluu, thukuta, nthawi zina kusinthasintha kwa mtima.

Vuto la mtima limatha kuyamba popanda ululu m'njira zobisika, munthu samva chilichonse, kupatula kufooka ndi kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe.

Mtundu wa asthmatic wamtima wam'mimba ndikufupika mwadzidzidzi komanso chifuwa chonyowa.

Kachitidwe ka kukhudzika mtima komwe kumachitika ndikuphwanya mwadzidzidzi mtima wamiyendo.

Crebral infarction - kukomoka kapena kuwopsa.

Cerebrovascular matenda

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwawo pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kulephera kwakamagazi kwa ziwiya zamadzimadzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, koma zimadziwulanso mu mawonekedwe owopsa. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino pakukula kwa ziwalo zamagazi:

kusokonekera komanso kusakhazikika mtima,

mutu, chizungulire,

phokoso ndikulira m'makutu

kuthamanga kwa magazi,

Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizodziwikiratu kuti matendawa ayambika, zikadasinthika, ndiye kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lawo kuti asaphonye zizindikiro zoopsa. Ngakhale atawoneka, ndiye kuti chithandizo cholondola chitha kusintha matendawa. Koma ndi shuga wowola kapena mawonekedwe ake olembetsa, pakakhala zovuta kutengera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuyenda bwino, mkhalidwe wamitsempha yamatumbo umangokulirakulira. Ndi njira yayitali ya matenda a shuga, omwe ndi ovuta kulipirira, kupweteka pamutu kumakhala kale kolimba komanso kosatha. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale mikhalidwe yokhumudwitsa imachitika, kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala lakuthwa, mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo amasokonezeka ndikuwoneka ma neurotic. Muzochitika zowawa kwambiri, ziwalo, kusalankhula bwino, kumeza, kuzindikira komanso kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kumachitika.

Ngozi yamatenda owonongeka kwambiri - awa ndi mikwingwirima ndi maulendo awo apambuyo - kusokonezeka kwakanthawi kwa kufalikira kwa ubongo. Matenda owopsa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamene wodwala matenda ashuga ali kale ndi zotupa zama mutu. Zizindikiro za ngozi ya pachimake kwambiri ya m'mimba zimadziwonetsa bwino kwambiri kuposa zovuta, ndipo zizindikiro zina za matendawa zimawaphatikizira: kupweteka kwa maso, komwe kumakuloweka ndi kayendedwe ka maso, kumva kwa zinthu m'makutu, ngakhale kusintha kwa chikumbumtima ndikotheka - kusokonezeka, kukwiya, zotsatira zoyipa, kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa kuzindikira. Kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayendera limodzi ndikumva kutentha kapena kuzizira, kukodza pafupipafupi kumawonekera.

Matenda osakhalitsa amadziwika chifukwa Zizindikiro zonsezi zimatha patsiku limodzi. Komabe, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, zizindikirazo ndizowopsa: wodwalayo amatha kutaya chidwi m'thupi limodzi kapena chinthu china, mphamvu ya motor ya minofu, amatha kukhala ndi mbali ya minofu ya nkhope ndi lilime, kumeza, gait amatha kulemala. Zonsezi ndi harbinger wa stroke, kotero muyenera kuyimbira foni dokotala ndikuchitapo kanthu.

Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy

Diabetesic polyneuropathy - kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje mu shuga. Vutoli limachedwa kupezeka limafupikira pafupifupi anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati zikuvuta kulipidwa. Ndi zovuta izi, mitundu itatu yamitsempha imakhudzidwa: cranial, peripheral and visceral.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya Cranial ndi zizindikiro za kukula

Zingwe zam'mitsempha zimachoka ku ubongo, zomwe zimayendetsa kayendedwe komanso kumva. Izi zikuphatikiza mitsempha yopanga (yolimbana ndi kafungo), mitsempha ya m'maso (imapanga zowoneka ndi zochita za wophunzirayo kuti aziunikira ndi zolimbikitsa zina), mitsempha ya oculomotor (yomwe imayendetsa gawo la ma eyebetele mmwamba, pansi ndi mkati), imalepheretsa mitsempha (kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka diso maapulo mmwamba ndi kunja), komanso mitsempha ya trigeminal, yomwe imanyamula katundu wambiri - imayang'anira khungu pakhungu, pamphumi ndi korona, mawonekedwe am'maso, mucous membrane wamkamwa, pamphuno, lilime, mano, ntchito yotafuna, ocular, mimic Oil ndi minofu ina ya kumaso ndi kumutu.Amaphatikizaponso mitsempha ya abductor (imayendetsa kayendedwe ka khungu lakumaso kunja), mitsempha yamaso (yomwe imayendetsa ntchito ya minofu ya khosi ndi mutu, komanso timinyewa tothandiza kutulutsa thukuta), mitsempha yomvekera (kuzindikira kwa mawu ndi ntchito ya zida za vetibular), mitsempha ya glossopharyngeal ndi njira yomeza), mitsempha ya vagus (yomwe imagwira ntchito ya kupuma, mtima ndi kugaya chakudya), mitsempha yolumikizira (ntchito ya minofu ya khosi ndi kumbuyo), mitsempha ya hyoid (imayang'anira ntchito ya minofu ya lilime).

Kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga kwa mitsempha iliyonse kumabweretsa kufooka kwa thupi komwe kumayang'anira. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya trigeminal, pali kuphwanya kutafuna ndi kumva khungu la nkhope. Ndipo ngati mitsempha yaphokoso ikukhudzidwa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amalephera kumva ndipo kusokonezeka kwake kumasokonekera.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya paripheral ndi zizindikiro za chitukuko

Mitsempha yodutsa imachoka mu chingwe cha msana ndikuwongolera ziwalo zosiyanasiyana komwe zimayendetsedwa - mafupa, minofu, khungu ndi mafupa. Ndi matenda a shuga, mitsempha iyi imakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa ena. Zizindikiro za zotumphukira za m'mitsempha makamaka zimatsika ndizosasangalatsa komanso zopweteka m'miyendo - m'munsi mwendo, ng'ombe, ndi phazi. Ululu umakhala wowuma ndikukoka, womwe umatenga nthawi yayitali, umalepheretsa munthu kugona tulo usiku, ndipo ululu umasowa m'mawa ndi masana. Kenako m'miyendo mumakhala kumverera kwadzidzidzi, kumva kulira, kusilira nyerere. Nthawi zina usiku minofu ya ng'ombe imamalira, makamaka itayenda mtunda wautali. Matendawa akamapitilira, zizindikiro zina zowopsa zimatha kuoneka: kuphwanya ululu ndi kumva kutentha m'miyendo ndi phazi, komanso m'manja, kunachepetsa minofu yamiyendo, miyendo, ntchafu, kuchepa mphamvu kwa minofu ya miyendo, khungu lowuma komanso misomali ya brittle .

Kugonjetsedwa kwamitsempha yama visceral

Njira ya pathological iyi imaphatikizira mitsempha kuchokera ku chingwe cha msana kupita ku ziwalo zamkati - m'mimba, matumbo, mtima, mapapo, chiwindi, impso, kutengera ndi momwe msempha umakhudzidwira, chiwalochi chimadwalanso. Ngati mitsempha yam'mimba yakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti chidwi cha munthuyo chazimiririka, kusanza, kusanza, mkamwa, kupweteka mu hypochondrium, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, wodwalayo amakhala ndi vuto la mtima pafupipafupi kapena, mosinthika, kukoka kosowa, kutsika kwa magazi. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya genitourinary system kumayambitsa kupweteka pamimba yotsika ndikuvuta kukodza, kusabala komanso kufinya.

Matenda a shuga

Awa ndi dzina la vuto linanso lochedwa la mellitus ya shuga, lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga omwe amawononga ziwiya zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zam'munsi. Uku ndikovuta kwakukulu, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi zilonda zamkati zosachiritsa, zotupa zamafupa ndi mafupa a miyendo, zomwe zimatha kudula phazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukumbukira zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga ndikuyesera kuziletsa.

Zifukwa zopangitsa matenda ashuga

Valani nsapato zolimba zopangidwa ndi zinthu zokumba.

Kuperewera kwaukhondo kwa phazi.

Bacteria ndi fungal matenda amiyendo.

Kusuta ndi kumwa.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya shuga komanso yayitali yokhala ndi vuto la impso kapena maso.

Matenda a atherosulinosis ndi zina zofanana zamatenda am'mimba.

Zizindikiro zakuyamba kwamatenda

Kutupa kwamiyendo ndi miyendo.

Zilonda pamphazi ndi pakati pa zala zakumapazi.

Khungu la phazi limasanduka lofiira, mawonekedwe a mafupa a phazi amasintha.

Mwina kusowa kwathunthu kwa phazi.

Ndi mawonekedwe a neuroischemic matendawa, kupweteka kumawonekera kumapazi, ndipo phazi lokha limakhala ndi mtundu wotuwa kapena wa cyanotic.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga awa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikuchitapo kanthu. Koma ndikwabwino osazibweretsa ku chikhalidwe chotere, chifukwa chopewa zovuta komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga.

Kupewa Kwa Akuluakulu a Ashuga

Popeza zifukwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zimabweretsa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira odwala omwe ali ndi insulin mwa achikulire ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulini ndipo, pocheperako, chinthu chobadwa nacho, njira zodzitetezera zimachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Kuti mupewe kukula kwa matenda a shuga omwe samatengera insulin mukamakula, muyenera, choyamba, kuwunika zakudya zanu komanso kulemera kwanu, chachiwiri, kuchitapo kanthu molondola paumoyo, kupewa kupsinjika ndi kukweza kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi zomwe zili ndi insulin . Mutha kukhala opanda matenda ashuga ngati mukufuna.

Njira yamtundu wa shuga osadalira insulini imadziwika chifukwa chakuti kapamba imapanga insulin yake, koma mwina sikokwanira kapena njira zake zophatikizira khungu zimasweka, motero glucose sangalowe mu cell ndipo insulin yambiri imafunikira kuposa masiku onse. Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa insulin yokumba sikungatheke kuthandiza wodwalayo. Koma munthu angadzithandizire yekha powona zakudya zochepa mu chakudya komanso mafuta. Mwa kuchepetsa kulemera kwake, wodwalayo adzachepetsa maselo omwe amafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi insulin, potero amathandiza kapamba wake kuti asatulutsenso insulin yochulukirapo monga momwe kale idafunikira pamene anali wonenepa kwambiri.

Ngakhale mu nthawi yomwe chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin ndi vuto la insulin yachilengedwe, yomwe singalole kuti ipereke shuga ku cell, kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mozizwitsa kumatha kuchita chozizwitsa, chifukwa kapamba amapanga thanzi labwino kuphatikiza ndi insulin yodwala. Akakhala ndi kuchepa thupi, munthu amakhala wokhutira ndi insulin yathanziyo, yomwe imamupatsa zakudya zam'magazi zokhala ndi shuga ndipo, chifukwa chake, amakhala ndi shuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe alili - osati pokhapokha komanso kunyumba, komanso kudzera mayeso a labotale. Kupatula apo, matenda ashuga ndi matenda osatha omwe amatha kuwonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana munjira zosiyanasiyana. Kuti mudziteteze ku njira yovuta ya matenda ashuga, muyenera kudziwa nthawi komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita. Ngati mayeso onse ndi abwinobwino, mudzatsimikiziridwa chindapusa choyenera cha matenda ashuga. Ngati zopatuka zazing'ono kuchokera kuzizolowezi zikapezeka, zimatha kuwongoleredwa nthawi zonse ndi mankhwala, kuti mtsogolomo simuyenera kuthana ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a zovuta.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku wapadera ndi:

1) Pewani kuchitika kwamatenda owopsa komanso ovuta,

2) kupewa mavuto,

3) muzindikire matenda onga,

4) kukhalabe wodwala kuti azitha kugwira ntchito,

5) sinthani zabwino ndikuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga.

Mayeso okhazikika azachipatala (kuwonjezera pa njira zodziyang'anira pawokha) ziyenera kuchitika makamaka ndi odwala omwe asokoneza kuloza kwa glucose, ndiko kuti, omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi iliyonse amatha kukhala olembetsa (osagwirizana ndi insulin).

Kufufuza kwakanthawi kochepa kuyenera kuchitika osati kokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga, komanso amayi apakati omwe abereka ana omwe afa kapena ana onenepa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa mayeso a labotale, odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kukapimidwa mitundu ina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zozindikira. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyesa kwa impso, kuphunzira za momwe ziwiya zilili, x-ray ya ziwalo za pachifuwa. Kufufuza pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuzindikira zovuta kumayambiriro pomwe zikutheka kusintha matenda.

Koma mayeso awa okha ndiosakwanira kuti mukhale otsimikiza kwathunthu kuti palibe kusintha kwakukuru paumoyo.Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amafunika kuyendera madokotala apadera m'magulu osiyanasiyana omwe amayesa khungu, mucous nembanemba, mano, mano, kumvera mtima, kupanga electrocardiogram, kutalika kwa muyeso ndi kulemera - mwachidule, kuyezetsa kachipatala kokwanira komanso kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika wodwala.

Chifukwa chake, ndi shuga yochepera shuga, kuyezetsa kachipatala kwathunthu kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitidwa kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndi njira yodziwika ya matendawa - kamodzi miyezi itatu, ndi matenda oopsa a shuga, madokotala amayenera kufufuza wodwalayo mwezi uliwonse. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi ndi akatswiri awa: endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, neurologist, opaleshoni, gynecologist, cardiologist.

Ngati munthu alibe, koma pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga, ayenera kupita ku endocrinologist kamodzi pachaka, makamaka 2 pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, ulendo woyamba wakuchipatalachi uyenera kuyesedwa ndi katswiri wa zamitsempha. Kuyendera kwina kwa akatswiri awa kumachitika pofunikira. Dotolo wamanoyu amayenera kuchezeredwa pachaka. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kutsika kwa shuga mumkodzo tsiku lililonse ndikupanga mayeso a kulolera kwa glucose - komanso kamodzi pachaka.

Pankhani ya kulekerera kwa glucose, endocrinologist imayenera kuchezeredwa katatu pachaka, ndipo wamisala, ophthalmologist ndi mano - 1-2 pachaka. Odwala oterowo amayenera kuyesa mayeso a labotale chifukwa cha shuga ndi mkodzo (patsiku) - kanayi pachaka, kuyesa kwa glucose - nthawi 1 pachaka, kuyezetsa magazi ndi kuyesa mkodzo wapafupipafupi - 1 nthawi pachaka, kutsimikiza lipids m'magazi - 1 kamodzi pachaka, chitani electrocardiogram - 1 nthawi pachaka.

Contraindication kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Popeza kuopsa ndi chikhalidwe cha matendawa kungakhale kosiyana, ndiye kuti zotsutsana ndizofanana. Ngati munthu wakhala akudwala matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi, koma atha kuzolowera matenda ake, amamva bwino akafunika kubaya insulini kuti achulukitse shuga ake am'magazi, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodandaulira. Wodwalayo adasankha boma lantchito ndi kupuma, ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya kuti azitha kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo popanda kumva kukhala opanda cholakwa kapena apadera. Izi sizotheka kungoganiza chabe, komanso zimatheka. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuyesetsa.

General contraindication kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndi motere.

1. Kuchepetsa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, ndizosatheka kukhalabe otopa kwathunthu, apo ayi mavuto ena adzayamba, ndipo moyo udzakhala wosasangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe sangachepetse kwambiri shuga ndi mlingo wa insulin. Ndiye kuti, posankha masewera olimbitsa thupi, muyenera kuwerengera mosamala mlingo wa insulin, womwe udzatsike kwambiri kuposa womwe mudalowa popanda kuchita izi (zolimbitsa thupi zimachepetsa shuga).

2. Zakudya ndi zoletsa zamafuta. Uku ndiye kutsutsana kokha komwe sikungapewe kwina kulikonse. Ngakhale, ngakhale zili choncho, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukonza tchuthi ndikulolera kuti adye china chokoma, kuwerengetsa mosamala kuchuluka kwa insulin isanachitike. Kumayiko ena, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri samadzikana chilichonse, osiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ngati atadya mkate wa m'mawa kapena kumwa kapu ya tiyi wokoma. Komabe, kuyamba kudya mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kusinthasintha mlingo wa insulin sikulimbikitsidwa. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mu chakudya ndikugwiritsira ntchito maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe, omwe atenga chidwi chochuluka pakuchiritsa odwala.

Matenda a shuga mwa amayi apakati

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, monga azimayi onse padziko lapansi, amafuna kubereka ana.Dokotala yekha ndi amene angalimbikitse kapena kusalimbikitsa mayi kuti abereke, akudziwa za matendawo, matendawa ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta. Kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse sikumapatsa kubadwa kwa mwana. Komabe, chiopsezo chotenga matenda mwa mwana wodwala chilipo, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumadalira mkhalidwe wa thanzi la mayi wina komanso momwe akumvera. Amayi onse oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa za zovuta zomwe zimadza ndi matendawa, ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kuti mudziteteze kwa iwo.

Mavuto a matenda ashuga nthawi ya pakati

Kuopseza kuti achotsa mimbayo kwa milungu 28 ya mimba.

Kuopseza kubala mwana asanabadwe pambuyo pa masabata 28 atatenga pathupi.

Toxicosis ya theka loyamba ndi lachiwiri la mimba.

Kukula kwa matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti ndi pyelonephritis (izi ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka mwa 75% ya amayi apakati odwala matenda ashuga).

Kulakwitsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Intrauterine fetal kapena kufa kwa mwana wakhanda, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakukula kwa mapapu mwa mwana.

Mavuto onsewa amakhudza thanzi la mayi, zizindikilo zawo zimadziwika kwa ambiri. Ndi toxosis m'miyezi yoyambirira ya kubereka, azimayi amakhala ndi vuto logontha, kusanza, komanso kusanza. Toxicosis ya theka lachiwiri la mimba imadziwika ndi edema, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso mawonekedwe a mapuloteni mumkodzo. Ngati mayi ali ndi vuto lakusokonezeka m'mimba kapena asanabadwe, ndiye kuti akumva kupweteka kapena kupsinjika kwam'mimba, kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera kumaliseche kumatha kuonekera. Zonsezi ndi zizindikiro zoopsa zomwe zimafuna kuchipatala msanga. Komabe, ndi shuga yolipiridwa bwino, zovuta zitha kupewedwa ndipo mwana wabadwa wathanzi amabadwa.

Koma pali nthawi zina pomwe amayi amapezeka kuti ali ndi pakati. Kenako ndikofunikira kumvetsera ku malingaliro a akatswiri kapena kuponyera mphamvu zanu zonse ku chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, osangotengera zamankhwala, komanso zamankhwala azikhalidwe, kuyesera kukwaniritsa zizindikiro zabwino panthawi yamatendawa, zomwe sizingakhale cholepheretsa kubereka komanso kubereka mwana pambuyo pake.

Contraindication kumimba kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Mitundu yambiri ya shuga ndi chiwonetsero cha ketoacidosis.

Matenda a shuga a shuga, ndiye kuti, zotupa za ziwiya za ocular fundus, impso, malekezero otsika.

Kuphatikiza kwa matenda ashuga ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi kusamvana kwa Rh (ngati mkaziyo ali ndi vuto la Rhesus loyipa komanso mwana wosabadwa). Izi zimatha kupha mwana wosabadwayo.

Ngati mimba zam'mbuyomu zidatha mu kubadwa kwa ana akufa kapena ana okhala ndi zovuta zingapo.

Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kuti amayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse amakhala ndi pakati ngati mnzake ali ndi matenda omwewo. Ndiye pali chitsimikizo cha 100% kuti mwanayo adzabadwa ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga kwa amayi apakati

Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga a digiri yoyamba komanso yachiwiri, omwe amayi oyembekezera amatha kudwala, palinso mtundu wina wapadera wa matenda ashuga, omwe amakula nthawi yapakati ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhalitsa. Izi zimatchedwa matenda a shuga, kapena matenda ashuga. Kusiyana kwake ndi matenda ashuga wamba ndikuti amakula nthawi yapakati, monga: chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga insulin mwa mayi wapakati, metabolism ya carbohydrate imalephera. Izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, pa sabata la 25-32 la mimba, komanso miyezi 1-3 pambuyo pobadwa, zonse zimabwezeretsedwa. Matenda a shuga a gestational amatha kuchitika m'mitundu yofatsa komanso yowopsa, yomwe imakhudza nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati komanso moyo wabwino wa mwana wosabadwayo. Amayi onse 25 aliwonse oyembekezera amakhala ndi matenda amtunduwu. Kenako kuzindikiridwa matenda ashuga amachotsedwa.Komabe, ndikuwoneka ngati palibe vuto lililonse la mtunduwu wa shuga, imakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo (chimodzimodzi ndi shuga wodwala), komanso kwa mkaziyo, yemwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira osapatsirana insulin zaka 10-15 pambuyo pathupi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi maphunziro ambiri.

Matenda a shuga a gestational samakhala oletsa kubadwa kwa mwana, chifukwa amatha kulipidwa mosavuta. Komabe, poganiza kuti matendawa amathanso kukhala matenda osachiritsika, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungadzitetezere ku matendawa.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga

Dongosolo la vuto la m'matumbo (makolo kapena abale apamtima amadwala matenda ashuga).

Kubadwa kwa kukula kwakukuru kapena kwakukulu kwa ana.

Kubadwa kwa ana okhala ndi vuto lotukuka.

Kupezeka kwa misala komanso kubereka.

Kupezeka kwa polyhydramnios m'mimba iyi.

Kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo panthawi yoyesedwa mobwerezabwereza panthawi ino ya mimba.

Zolemba zamaphunziro a pakati ndi kubereka mwana mu shuga

Ngati mayi adasankha kukhala ndi pakati ndikubereka mwana wathanzi, ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kwambiri, kutsatira zakudya komanso kupimidwa pafupipafupi ndikudziyang'anira yekha magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga. Matenda a shuga pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati amatha kusintha njira yake, chifukwa thupi la mkazi limasintha kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta za shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena amakhala ndi vuto loyipa la mwana wosabadwayo.

Izi zimaphatikizapo othandizira a hypoglycemic. Zotsatira zawo pa mwana wosabadwayo zimatha kupha kapena zimayambitsa kubadwa kwatsopano. Ndipo mankhwalawa amalowetsa mwana kudzera mwa placenta. Chifukwa chake, mayi woyembekezera ayenera kusiya mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndikuwasinthira kukonzekera kwa insulin ndi zakudya zosasankhidwa bwino. Osati kokha ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wodalira insulin, komanso ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wosadalira insulini, insulin iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe njira ina yothanirira mavutowa. Koma kusintha kwa hypoglycemic kupita ku insulin kuyenera kukhala kolondola. Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani ndi izi. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe ali ndi makulidwe awo amasiyana ndi Mlingo wa insulin, motero ndikofunikira kuwerengera molondola mlingo wa insulin.

Kuchulukitsa shuga kwa magazi masiku onse (5.5 mmol / L) kwa 2.7 mmol / L iliyonse kuyenera kufanana ndi makonzedwe a 6- IU osavuta a insulini patsiku. Ngati pali shuga mumkodzo, ndiye kuti insulini iyenera kupatsidwanso mayunitsi ena a 4-6. Muwerenga zambiri zamankhwala a insulin azimayi apakati omwe ali mu chaputala cha insulin. Dotolo akupitiliza kuperekera insulin nthawi yobereka, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pambuyo pobereka, kufunikira kwa insulin kumabwezeretsedwanso chimodzimodzi monga momwe kunaliri asanatenge pathupi.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mayi wapakati ndikuyang'anira shuga wamagazi ndi kulemera kwake kuti ateteze mwana wosabadwayo komanso kubadwa kwa mwana wambiri. Chifukwa chake, akuyenera kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, kusuntha kwambiri. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumathandizira kuti muchepetse minyewa komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini. Pa nthawi yonse yoyembekezera, mayi sayenera kulemera kuposa 12 kg.

Zotsatira zake zingakhale zotheka kwa mwana

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta izi, matenda ashuga a mayi wapakati yemwe adadwala asanabadwe angayambitse zovuta za mwana, ndipo theka la amayi onse oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo sangathe kubereka mwana konse. Mwa zovuta, kubadwa kwa ana okulirapo kwambiri kumakumana nawo kwambiri - kuposa 4.5-5 kg ​​yolemera. Amakhala okhathamira bwino kwambiri, olembetsedwa komanso othira kumbuyo mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Nanga, bwanji, mwa mayi woyembekezera yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ana akulu amabadwa ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chikuwopseza?

Chowonadi ndi chakuti shuga ya amayi imadutsana ndi khandalo kupita kwa mwana, ndipo insulini simalowa. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumakulirakulira, komwe amayankhidwa mwachangu ndi kapamba wake, yemwe amayamba kupanga kwambiri insulin kuti achepetse shuga. Koma kuchuluka kwa insulin kwambiri ndi kowopsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo, insulin imadyetsa minyewa ndi ziwalo za mwana, zomwe zimakula pofika tsiku, ndipo pofika mawotchi ndipo zimabadwa chimphona chenicheni. Ziwalo zazikulu kwambiri komanso mafuta osungira ndi owopsa pakukula kwa mwana, amadya kwambiri, amadwala, amakhala ndi zovuta zina.

Mavuto a ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga

Kubadwa kwa ana akuluakulu (oposa 4 makilogalamu) kapena akulu kwambiri (oposa 5 kg) omwe, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, amalandira kuvulala kosiyanasiyana.

Ana amabadwa ndi edema, mawonekedwe ndi cyanotic, zotupa zambiri zimatha kuwonekera pakhungu, kukula kwambiri kwa tsitsi.

Chifukwa chokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, mwana amakhala woopsa komanso osagwira ntchito, amayamwa mabere mosavuta komanso samanenepa kwambiri.

Ana awa amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zonse, pustular ndi chimfine.

Theka la ana obadwa kwa amayi odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi shuga wochepa wamagazi komanso chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga.

Pafupifupi theka la ana omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia omwe adapita kuchokera kwa amayi ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo: mtima, mantha, masisitiroskeletal system, kwamikodzo dongosolo.

Ana oterowo nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi chimfine.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti matenda ashuga amapezeka mwanjira yolipiridwa, ndibwino kuyang'ana pa izi:

shuga wamagazi sayenera kukhala wotsika kuposa 4.4 mol / l ndipo osapitirira 8.3 mmol / l,

cholesterol ndi triglycerides ziyenera kukhala zopanda malire,

kusowa kwa hypoglycemia.

Ndi maellitus osadalira insulin mwa mayi wapakati, Zizindikiro zakubwezeretsedwazi ndi izi:

shuga m'magazi kuyambira 3,9 mmol / L mpaka 8.3 mmol / L,

kusowa kwa shuga mkodzo

kusowa kwa ma hypoglycemia,

kuchuluka kwa thupi.

Mavuto a ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo

Ngati matenda ashuga mwa mayi wapakati samalipira bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadumpha, ndiye kuti mavuto apakati monga kubereka toxicosis, polyhydramnios ndikuphwanya magazi a utero-placental magazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Izi zimawopseza mwana chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndiko kuti, kufalikira kwa ziwalo zam'kati ndi zovuta za metabolic m'thupi. Ana otere amabadwa ndi thupi lochepera kwambiri (ochepera 2500 g) komanso kutalika kochepa (osakwana 50 cm). Choyipa chachikulu, amakhala olumala ambiri. Zitha, amakhala ofooka komanso opweteka. Amakhala ovuta kuwasamalira, amatenga matenda ambiri, ndipo makamaka matenda a shuga.

Mukamaganiza zokhala ndi pakati kapena kungokonzekera, mayi aliyense azitsogozedwa osati ndi chilako chake, komanso ndi njira ya matenda a shuga komanso mayendedwe azachipatala, popeza kuopsa kwa kubereka mwana wodwala kumatha kukhala kokulirapo. Ndipo mwayi woti ubereke mwana wosabereka umatheka chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda ashuga zomwe mayi woyembekezera ali nazo kale. Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda ashuga a nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za impso), chiwopsezo ichi ndi 97%. Mu zotupa za matenda ashuga a ziwiya za ocular fundus kapena zombo za malekezero, ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo zimafika pa 87%. Ngakhale patakhala kuti palibe zovuta zam'mitsempha, koma zovuta za matendawa ndizoposa zaka 20, ndiye kuti mu 68% ya milanduyo mwana amabadwa mosalephera. Ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amakhala zaka 10, chiwerengerochi sichochepa - 33%. Komabe, munthawi iliyonse, nkhani ya kubereka ndi mkaziyo imasankhidwa ndi adotolo, chifukwa zofunikira pamoyo zimatha kusintha, ndipo mwa inu inunso mumagwira gawo lalikulu.

Matenda a shuga ana

Ana ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti, amadalira insulin. Matendawa amatuluka chimodzimodzi monga akulu, ndipo makulidwe amakula matendawa ndi omwewo. Komabe pali kusiyana kwakukulu, chifukwa thupi la mwana likukula, kupanga ndipo likuchepa kwambiri. Kapamba wa khanda lobadwa chatsopano kwambiri - masentimita 6 okha, koma pofika zaka 10 imatsala pawiri, mpaka masentimita 10-12. Zikondamoyo za mwana zimayandikira kwambiri ziwalo zina, zonse zimalumikizana kwambiri ndipo kuphwanya kwamtundu umodzi kumayambitsa matenda. za wina. Ngati kapamba wa mwana satulutsa bwino mankhwala a insulin, ndiye kuti, ali ndi vuto linalake, ndiye kuti pamakhala chiopsezo chokhudza kupweteka kwam'mimba, chiwindi, ndulu mu ndulu.

Kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba ndi imodzi mwazinthu zake zofunikira, zomwe zimapangidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chachisanu cha moyo wa mwana. Ndikutengera m'badwo uno mpaka pafupifupi zaka 11 pomwe ana amatenga kwambiri matenda ashuga. Ngakhale kuti matendawa amatha kupezeka ndi mwana wazaka zilizonse. Matenda a shuga ndi oyambira pakati pa matenda onse a endocrine mwa ana.

Komabe, kusintha kwakanthawi m'magazi a mwana sizikusonyeza kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga. Popeza mwana amakula pafupipafupi ndipo amakula, ziwalo zake zonse zimakhazikika ndi iye. Zotsatira zake, njira zonse za metabolic mthupi mwa ana zimachitika mwachangu kuposa akuluakulu. Carbohydrate metabolism imathandizidwanso, motero mwana amafunika kudya kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 15 g wa zakudya pa 1 makilogalamu amodzi patsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ana onse amakonda maswiti - izi ndizofunikira za thupi lawo. Koma ana sangathe, mwatsoka, kuyimilira pazokonda zawo ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito maswiti ochulukirapo kuposa momwe amafunira. Chifukwa chake, amayi sayenera kulanda ana maswiti, koma kuwongolera kumwa kwawo moyenera.

Carbohydrate metabolism m'thupi la mwana imachitika motsogozedwa ndi insulin, komanso mahomoni angapo - glucagon, adrenaline, mahomoni a adrenal cortex. Matenda a shuga amapezeka makamaka chifukwa cha matenda amtunduwu. Koma kagayidwe kazakudya kamakokedwe kamakonzedwe kamakina ka mwana, kamene kamakhazikika kwathunthu, chifukwa chake kamatha kugwira ntchito komanso kamakhudzanso shuga ya magazi. Osangokhala kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo lamanjenje la mwanayo, komanso kaimidwe ya endocrine yake nthawi zina kumabweretsa mfundo yoti kayendetsedwe ka kagayidwe kachakudya kamasokonezeka mwa mwana, chifukwa cha momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonekera komanso nthawi ya hypoglycemia imawonekera. Koma sikuti konse chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwana kumayenera kukhala kosasintha ndipo kumatha kusintha mosadukiza kokha: kuyambira 3.3 mmol / l mpaka 6.6 mmol / l, koma kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwambiri komwe sikokugwirizana ndi matenda a kapamba sikuopsa ndi zaka pochitika. Kupatula apo, ndi zotsatira za kupanda ungwiro kwa machitidwe amanjenje komanso amtundu wa endocrine. Nthawi zambiri, mikhalidwe imeneyi imatha kutenga ana msanga, ana osakhwima kapena achinyamata pa nthawi yakutha msambo komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolimbitsa thupi. Malingana ndi momwe ntchito zamanjenje ndi endocrine zimakhazikika, njira zowongolera kagayidwe kachakudya zimakhala zangwiro, ndipo shuga yamagazi imasintha. Komabe, kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kudzachitika. Komabe, ngakhale akuwoneka kuti alibe vuto lililonse pamalopo, zimakhala zowawa kwambiri kwa khanda ndipo zimakhudza thanzi lake la mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wamanjenje wamwana: kusapanikizika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu kwa thupi.

Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi magawo awiri a chitukuko, omwewo mwa akulu ndi ana. Gawo loyamba ndikuphwanya kukhululuka kwa shuga, komwe pakokha sikudwala, koma kukuwonetsa chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga.Chifukwa chake, pakakhala kulekerera kwa shuga, mwana amayenera kupimidwa ndikuyang'aniridwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mothandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso njira zina zochizira prophylaxis, matenda a shuga sangathe. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndikupewa mawonetsedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi a shuga kamodzi pachaka.

Gawo lachiwiri la matenda ashuga ndi kakulidwe kake. Tsopano njirayi siyitha kuyimitsidwa, koma ndiyofunika kuyiyang'anira kuyambira masiku oyamba. Pali zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi izi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matenda a shuga kwa ana amakula mwachangu, ali ndi chikhalidwe chopita patsogolo, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwathunthu kwa mwana. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwake ndi matenda ashuga achikulire. Kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga a shuga ndikuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira kwa matenda a shuga omwe amatha kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kusowa bwino kwa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a shuga ochititsa chidwi amasokoneza kukula kwa ketoocytosis ndi hypoglycemia. Njira ya matenda ashuga imakhala yovuta chifukwa chakuti ana nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda opatsirana omwe amathandizira kuti matenda ashuga athe. Mwana akamadwala matenda a shuga, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zingapo. Matenda opatsirana, opatsirana, dongosolo la endocrine ndi endocrine amathandizanso matenda a shuga kwa ana ndikuthandizira kuti awonongeke.

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi kupewa kwake

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga ndi pakati pa ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mwayi wokulirapo wa kukhala ndi shuga umapezeka mwa mwana yemwe makolo ake onse ndi odwala matenda ashuga. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwa ana obadwa kwa amayi odwala, ma cell a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulini amasungabe mawonekedwe amtundu wamavuto omwe amabwera ndi ma virus ena - rubella, chikuku, herpes, ndi mumps. Chifukwa chake, cholimbikitsira cha kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana chimasinthidwa matenda opha tizilombo.

Kuwonongeka kwa khungu ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya vutoli, ndizofunikira zomwe zimafunsanso zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Vuto ndilakuti mwana mwa mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse wa shuga (ngakhale mchitidwe wothamanga) nthawi zambiri amabadwa wamkulu, amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri m'thupi. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga komanso kuzindikira chibadwa cha thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mwana asamamwe mowa mopitirira muyeso, yang'anirani zakudya zake mosamala, osapatula zophatikizika m'zakudya zake. Kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo komanso osachepera chaka, mwana wotere ayenera kulandira mkaka wa m'mawere, osati zosakanikira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zosakanikirazi zimakhala ndi mapuloteni amkaka wa ng'ombe, omwe amatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Ngakhale kuwongolera pang'ono kwa thupi kumaphwanya chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo kumathandizira kuphwanya zakudya zamagulu ndi michere ina. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana ndikoyamwitsa ndi zakudya za mwana, komanso kuwongolera kulemera kwake mosamala.

Chifukwa chake, njira zopewera matenda ashuga zikuphatikizapo:

• kuyamwitsa zachilengedwe,

• Zakudya ndi kuwongolera mwana,

• Kuumitsa ndi kukulitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kuteteza ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi,

• Kusowa pogwira ntchito komanso kupsinjika.

Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mawonekedwe akulu

Matenda a shuga m'magazi mu ana amatha kuyamba m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma matendawa amakula mwachangu. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga kumawonda msanga kwa mwana, ludzu losalephera komanso kuyamwa kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe makolo ayenera kulabadira. Mwana amachepetsa thupi msanga kotero kuti amasungunuka pamaso pake. Moyenerera, amatha kutaya makilogalamu 10 m'milungu yochepa chabe.Ndizosatheka kuzindikira. Chimbudzi cha mkodzo chimaposa miyeso yonse - zopitilira malita asanu patsiku. Ndipo zowonadi, mwana amangopempha chakumwa ndipo samatha kuledzera.

Ndi zizindikiro zonsezi, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo, yemwe sangangopereka chithandizo chakuchotsa magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga, komanso kumuyesa mwana moona. Zizindikiro zosavomerezeka za matenda ashuga ndi izi: khungu lowuma komanso ma mucous membrane, lilime la rasipiberi, khungu lotsika. Mayeso a labotale nthawi zambiri amathandizira malingaliro a dokotala potengera zikhalidwe zosavuta za matenda ashuga. Kuzindikirika kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kumachitika ngati shuga wothamanga wamagazi aposa 5.5 mmol / L, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha hyperglycemia, shuga (glucosuria) wapezeka mu mkodzo, komanso chifukwa cha glucose mumkodzo, mkodzo pawokha umakhala wowonjezera kachulukidwe.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi angayambitse ndi zizindikiro zina: kufooka kwathunthu, thukuta, kutopa, kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire, komanso kufunafuna maswiti. Manja a mwana ayamba kunjenjemera, amakhala wotuwa, ndipo nthawi zina amasowa. Mkhalidwe uwu wa hypoglycemia ndi dontho lakuthwa la shuga m'magazi. Dokotala adzafufuza moyenera pamayeso a mayeso a labotale.

Njira ina yoyambira matenda a shuga aubwana ndi njira yobisika yamatendawa. Ndiye kuti, insulin imapangidwa kale ndi kapamba, shuga m'magazi akuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mwana samamva kusintha kulikonse. Komabe, mawonekedwe a shuga amatha kuwonekeranso ndi khungu. Imakutidwa ndi ma abscesses ang'ono, zithupsa kapena zotupa, zotupa zomwezi zimawonekera pakhungu la mucous mkamwa kapena kumaliseche mwa atsikana. Ngati mwana ali ndi ziphuphu zakumaso ndi ma pustule, komanso kutha kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuunika magazi kuti apange shuga.

Mavuto a shuga kwa ana

Ndi matenda osazindikira komanso chithandizo chomwe sichinayambike nthawi yomweyo, matenda a shuga amatha kukula msanga ndikukhala mawonekedwe ophatikizika, zikavuta kusankha chithandizo chokhala ndi shuga m'magazi. Mavuto amakula, chifukwa matenda ashuga amakhudza ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe ena.

Koma mwa ana, zovuta za matenda ashuga zimatha kuchitika ndi matenda a shuga. Amakhala amtundu wina, chifukwa chake amatchedwa zovuta zopanda pake, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda komanso chitetezo chamthupi ndipo sizimayenderana ndi matenda omwewa. Awa ndi zotupa zapakhungu komanso zotupa za pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba.

Magulu awiri azovuta za ana akuwonetsedwa ndi matenda otsatirawa.

1. Zowonongeka za matenda ashuga.

Pankhaniyi, ziwiya za impso, fundus, mtima, chiwindi, mafupa zimavutika, matenda am'magazi amayamba (kufalikira kwa mandala amaso), chiwindi chimakula, mitsempha yapang'onopang'ono imakhudzidwa, mwana amayamba kutsalira pakulimbitsa thupi komanso kugonana.

2. Mavuto osakhudzana.

Amawonekera pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba mwanjira ya matenda a pustular ndi fungus.

Choopsa chachikulu ndi gulu loyamba la zovuta. Mwazi wamwana wanu wamagazi ukuwonjezeka ndipo amayenera kuwongoleredwa ndi ma insulin osankhidwa bwino. Ngati pali insulin yochulukirapo kuposa yomwe imafunikira kudyetsa maselo ndi shuga, kapena ngati mwana wakumana ndi zovuta kapena kupsinjika kwa thupi tsikulo, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi imatsika. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi sikuti kumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso kuperewera kwa chakudya chamagulu mu chakudya chamagulu, chakudya, kusachedwa kudya ndipo, pamapeto pake, zovuta za matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zake, mwana amakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, lomwe limawonetsedwa ndi kufoka komanso kufooka, kupweteka mutu komanso kumva kuti ali ndi njala yayikulu. Izi ndi kale chiyambi cha chikomokere.

Hypoglycemic chikomokere

Hypoglycemic coma imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba zizindikiro za hypoglycemia - ulesi, kufooka ndi thukuta - muyenera kuwonetsa alamu ndikuyesetsa kuwonjezera shuga. Ngati izi sizichitika, chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic chayamba kukula msanga: mwana adzakhala ndi miyendo, kunjenjemera kuyamba, adzakhala osangalala kwambiri kwakanthawi, kenako kudzakhala kusazindikira. Komabe, kupuma ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhalabe kwachilendo. Kutentha kwamthupi kumakhalanso kokhazikika, palibe fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Khungu limanyowa. Mwazi wamagazi umatsikira pansi pa 3 mmol / L.

Pambuyo powongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, thanzi la mwana limabwezeretseka. Komabe, ngati zoterezi zimayambiranso, ndiye kuti matenda ashuga amatha kukhala opanikizika, kusankha kusankha kwa insulin kumakhala kovuta ndipo mwana amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu.

Ngati matenda a shuga sangathe kulipidwa, ndiye kuti, pazifukwa zina, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikumakhala kosintha (kudya maswiti ambiri, osatenga mlingo wa insulin, jakisoni wa jakisoni wa insulin, sikuwongolera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zotere), ndikunenepa kwambiri. mavuto akulu mpaka ketoacidosis ndi matenda ashuga.

Ketoacidotic chikomokere

Vutoli limayamba pambuyo pa ketoacidosis m'masiku angapo, nthawi zambiri limodzi. Zizindikiro za zovuta zina panthawiyi zimasinthanso. Kusekerera kumayamba ndi kufooka wamba, kutopa kwambiri, komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Ndiye kupweteka kwam'mimba, nseru, kusanza kobwereza. Kuzindikira kumachepetsedwa, kenako ndikuwonongeka kwathunthu. Fungo lamphamvu la acetone limamveka kuchokera mkamwa, kupuma kumakhala kosagwirizana, ndipo zimachitika kuti zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso zimafooka. Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumatsika kwambiri. Kenako pafupipafupi kukodza kumatsitsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amasiya. Anuria amakula. Ngati wina saima, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi impso kumayamba.

Mawonetsedwe onse azachipatala awa amatsimikiziridwa ndi diagnostics a labotale. Mu mkhalidwe wa ketoacidotic chikomokere, mayeso a labotale amawonetsa zotsatirazi:

• shuga wambiri (oposa 20 mmol / l),

• kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo,

• kuchepa kwa magazi acidity mpaka 7.1 kapena kutsika, komwe kumatchedwa acidosis. Ichi ndi chowopsa kwambiri, popeza kuchuluka kwa asidi 6,8 kumadziwika kuti ndi koopsa.

• kupezeka kwa acetone mu mkodzo,

• kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi,

• chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi impso m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, leukocytes ndi maselo ofiira amwazi kumawonjezeka,

• mapuloteni amawoneka mkodzo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ketoacidotic coma zimaphatikizapo matenda a shuga oletsa kubereka komanso osachiritsika, zochitika zina zovuta, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kusintha kwa ma horoni m'thupi la achinyamata, kuphwanya kwamphamvu komanso kudwala kwa matenda owopsa a carbohydrate.

Khansa yamtunduwu ya shuga imakhala yoopsa kwambiri chifukwa imakhudza ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe kuti matenda asasinthike. Simungayambitse zovuta, ziyenera kuyimitsidwa koyambirira.

Hyperosmolar chikomokere

Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga omwe ungachitike mwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lomwe lanyalanyazidwa, kwanthawi yayitali kapena matenda osachiritsika. M'malo mwake, ndi matenda ashuga, omwe makolo sanachite bwino, chifukwa mwana sangatenge matenda ake mozama, amayang'anitsitsa zakudya zake, zolimbitsa thupi ndi insulin. Zonsezi ziyenera kuchitika ndi mayi yemwe ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti jakisoni wa insulin wosaphonya kapena wosakonzekera kale ndiye gawo loyamba pakupanga kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga ndipo, chifukwa chake, pamavuto ake.

Kusekerera kwa hyperosmolar ndi koopsa chifukwa kumayamba kuthamanga kwa mphezi ndipo kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa thupi kwa thupi la mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lamanjenje la mwana limakhudzidwa.Kuyesedwa kwa Laborator kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi (oposa 50 mmol / L) komanso kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ndi hematocrit, komwe kumapangitsa magazi kukhala amanenepa kwambiri. Kuzindikira kwa hyperosmolar coma kumachitika pambuyo poti mayeso a labotale atsimikizire chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofunikira - kuwonjezeka kwa osmolarity a plasma yamagazi, ndiko kuti, zomwe zimakhala ndi sodium ions zambiri komanso zinthu za nayitrogeni.

Zizindikiro za vuto la kuchepa kwa mwana zimaphatikizaponso kufooka, kutopa, ludzu lalikulu, kupsinjika, ndi mavuto ena amanjenje. Kenako kumatha kuzindikira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, kupuma kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kosaya, kununkhira kwa acetone kumamveka pakamwa. Kutentha kwa thupi kumatha kuwonjezeka. Poyamba, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe umatulutsidwa kumawonjezeka, kenako kumachepa. Mwana amakhala ndi khungu lowuma komanso ma mucous membrane.

Ngakhale hyperosmolar coma imakhala yocheperako mwa ana kuposa zovuta zina, imabweretsa ngozi yayikulu, monga ananenera, chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi komanso kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha. Kuphatikiza apo, chitukuko chokhazikika cha mitundu iyi ya chikomora sichimalola kuti muchepetse ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Dokotala ayenera kuyitanidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo makolo omwewo ayenera kupatsidwa thandizo mwadzidzidzi kwa mwana.

Lactic acid chikomokere

Mtundu wamtunduwu umayambanso mwachangu, koma uli ndi zizindikilo zina - kupweteka m'misempha ndi m'munsi mmbuyo, kufupika ndi kupsinjika mumtima. Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi mseru komanso kusanza, komwe sikubweretsa mpumulo. Ndi kuthamanga kwa mtima pafupipafupi komanso kupuma mosiyanasiyana, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsitsidwa. Kusekerera kumayamba ndi kukomoka kosatheka kwa mwana - amapuma, amakhala ndi mantha, koma kugona posachedwa kumayamba, komwe kumatha kusowetsa chikumbumtima.

Nthawi yomweyo, mayesero onse a shuga amakhala abwinobwino - kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikwabwinobwino kapena kukwezedwa pang'ono, mulibe shuga kapena acetone mu mkodzo. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wothandizidwanso kumakhalanso koyenera.

Lactic acid kwa omwe amatsimikiza ndi ma labotori ena: m'magazi, mumapezeka michere ya calcium, lactic ndi mphesa.

Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisachedwe kuzindikira, koma zikayamba kuonekera (kumbukirani: chikomokere chikukula msanga) nthawi yomweyo imbani ambulansi ndikupereka chithandizo choyamba (zina pa mutu wotsatira).

Mutu 3 Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chili ndi mayendedwe angapo. Kwa mtundu wina uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, jakisoni wa insulini amalembedwa, omwe amakakamizidwa mtundu wamatenda a shuga. Ngati NIDDM yokhala ndi shuga wokwezeka sangathe kulamulidwa kokha mothandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, odwalawa amapatsidwanso mankhwala a insulin. Chithandizo cha ana odwala, akulu ndi amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mfundo zake komanso malingaliro ake. Pali mitundu yodziwika bwino yamankhwala ena, komanso mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala am'badwo waposachedwa, omwe angapangitse msanga shuga komanso kuthana ndi kupanga insulin. Komabe, muyenera kuthandizanso kumwa mankhwalawa molondola, apo ayi sipakhala zotheka kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito kapena kufooka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira njira yoyenera yodalirika komanso kudya kwambiri.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kumafuna njira yoopsa. Mankhwalawa amasankhidwa ndi dokotala yemwe amayang'ana momwe wodwalayo alili, shuga ndi mkodzo zomwe zili, njira yake komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga, ndi zina. Kusankha kwa mankhwala ndi mlingo wake ndiwokhawokha: zomwe zimayenerera wodwala wina zitha kuphatikizidwa kwa wina. Chifukwa chake, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga mosasamala, chifukwa amatha kuvulaza, osapindula.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga a ana ndipo amasankhidwa mwapadera kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Pali mitundu itatu yamapiritsi a hypoglycemic. Amasiyana pakati pawo kapangidwe kawo kazinthu ndimapangidwe azomwe zimakhudza thupi.

Sulfonamides

Mankhwalawa amatha kusintha mosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Choyamba, zimathandizira kupanga ndikupanga insulin m'magazi. Kachiwiri, zimawonjezera chidwi cha ziwalo ndi minofu insulin. Chachitatu, onjezani kuchuluka kwa zolandirira maselo. Ndipo, chomaliza, chachinayi, zimawonjezera kuchulukana ndipo zimachepetsa mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi.

Mankhwala a Sulfanilamide amachita kwa maola 6-12. Kuphatikiza pa kutsitsa shuga, ma sulfonamides amakhala ndi phindu pamitsempha yamagazi, kusintha magazi awo ndikutchingira chitukuko cha zotupa za matenda ashuga a m'mitsempha yaying'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amabadwa bwino m'matumbo ndipo musalempeze impso, kuwateteza ku zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Komabe, ndi maubwino onse a sulfonamides ali ndi mawonekedwe awo, motero anthu ena ali ndi zotsutsana nawo. Mosamala kwambiri, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa anthu achikulire omwe amachotsa pang'onopang'ono mankhwalawa m'thupi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kudzikundikira kwa mankhwala m'thupi komanso kupezeka kwa mikhalidwe ya hypoglycemic ndi chikomokere. Kuphatikiza apo, sulfonamides pakapita nthawi imayambitsa chizolowezi chawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pambuyo pa zaka 5 yogwiritsa ntchito ma hypoglycemic othandizira, chidwi cha zolandilira minofu pazotsatira zawo chimachepa. Zotsatira zake, amakhala osagwira ntchito kapenanso amalephera kuchita.

Zisonyezero zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a sulfa:

• Ndi shuga wolephera amadalira insulin, pomwe zakudya sizithandiza kuchepetsa shuga, ndipo wodwalayo sanonenepa.

• chimodzimodzi kwa wodwala onenepa kwambiri,

• ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin

• Popeza kutchulidwa mphamvu ya mankhwala a insulin ngati munthu akudalira matenda a shuga a shuga.

Nthawi zina sulfonamides amaphatikizidwa ndi insulin. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuwonjezera mphamvu ya insulin ndikusintha mtundu wovuta wa matenda ashuga kukhala wokhazikika.

Mankhwala amtunduwu amasiyana kwambiri ndi shuga. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito, glucose amatha kutengeka ndi minofu ya minofu. Chifukwa chake ma Biguanides amakhudza ma cell receptor kotero kuti insulin imagwira bwino komanso imachepetsa shuga. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino.

Amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, amachepetsa mayamwidwe am'mimba m'matumbo ndikutuluka kwake m'chiwindi, amakakamira kupangika kwa glucose m'chiwindi, amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa zolandilira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi insulin m'matumbo, zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndikulimbikitsa kutentha kwawo, kuperewera magazi ndikulimbitsa mtima.

Koma ma biguanides ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Amathandizira kudzikundikira kwa zinthu za acidic mthupi ndipo zimayambitsa kuyambika kwa minofu ndi cell hypoxia, ndiko kuti, njala yawo ya okosijeni. Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maaguluu sikumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a hypoglycemic, ayenera kuthandizidwa mosamala ndi okalamba ndi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a chiwindi, mapapu, ndi mtima. Pankhaniyi, mavuto monga nseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, zovuta zina zoyipa, komanso ngakhale chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy amatha. Kwenikweni, biguanides amawonetsedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga omwe amadalira insulin omwe amakhala ndi njira yokhazikika, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi thupi labwino komanso osakonda kwambiri ketoacidosis.Biguanides amathandizidwanso kwa odwala matenda a shuga, omwe sulfanilamide tsankho kapena osawagwiritsa ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matumbo ndi kulowa kwake m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, amachepetsa shuga m'magazi amitundu yonse ya shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa ndi abwino chifukwa amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi - zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha kudalira kwa insulin kwa odwala omwe samadwala matenda a shuga. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis. Kwenikweni, glucobai imalembedwa mtundu wa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, onse ngati chithandizo chimodzi komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala a sulfa. Ndi mtundu wodwala matenda a shuga a shuga, glucobai amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amachepetsa mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa.

Ubwino wofunikira wa glucoboy ndiko kusowa kwa zochitika zama hypoglycemic, chifukwa chake imayikidwa mwachangu kwa okalamba. Koma glucobai, monga mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ambiri, ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba ndi kutulutsa magazi. Milandu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito glucoboy ndi matenda am'mimba, mimba, kuyamwitsa, azaka zosakwana 18. Mankhwala ali osavomerezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi gastroparesis chifukwa cha matenda amitsempha ya m'mimba.

Chithandizo cha amayi apakati omwe ali ndi hypoglycemic mankhwala

Kwa amayi apakati, mankhwala a hypoglycemic amapatsirana chifukwa amalowa mu placenta ndipo amakhala ndi vuto pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwake komanso ngakhale kufa. Chifukwa chake, mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati amathandizidwa kokha ndi zakudya ndi insulin. Koma ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga ndipo asanatenge pakati amatenga mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ndiye kuti amamuthandizira mokakamiza. Kusintha kwa mtundu wina wa mankhwala kupita kwina kuyenera kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Nthawi zambiri, kulembera kwa hypoglycemic kwa mlingo umodzi wa insulin kumawerengeredwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe mayi amatenga kumawonjezeredwa ku mlingo wofanana wa insulin.

Mwachitsanzo, piritsi limodzi la mannyl limafanana ndi magawo 7-8 a insulin yosavuta. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin tsiku lililonse ndi 6- IU ya insulini iliyonse ya shuga ya 2.7 mmol / l yomwe imaposa shuga (5.5 mmol / l). Kuonjezera apa kuchokera ku magawo anayi mpaka asanu ndi amodzi a insulin pamaso pa shuga mumkodzo.

Koma njira zazikulu zochizira matenda ashuga panthawi yoyembekezera ziyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chowonera zakudya komanso zakudya. Zakudya za caloric tsiku lililonse zomwe mayi woyembekezera ali ndi matenda ashuga sayenera kupitirira 35 kcal / kg pa thupi. Mapuloteni samatha kudyedwa osaposa 1-2 g pa kilogalamu ya thupi, mafuta amaloledwa kudya kuchokera ku 200 mpaka 240 g patsiku, ndipo mafuta - 60-70 g patsiku. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta, monga semolina, confectionery, maswiti, shuga, makeke, mikate yoyera, sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya. Ndi kuphatikiza pamenepo mavitamini A, C, D, E, gulu B, komanso michere ndi ulusi wazomera.

Mankhwala a insulin

Mankhwala a insulin ndi njira yayikulu yochizira, kapena,, kuphatikiza kagayidwe kachakudya ka matenda a shuga mellitus. Ndi mtundu wosagwirizana ndi insulin wodwala matenda a shuga, chithandizo cha insulin chimakhala njira yothandizira pochiritsira, ndipo m'magawo otukuka, woyamba. Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu onse odwala - ana, akulu ndi amayi apakati. Komabe, ma mankhwalawa komanso ma regimens a chithandizo cha insulin ndi osiyanasiyana kwa aliyense, ndipo samatengera gulu la wodwalayo, komanso pazinthu zina zambiri.

Chithandizo cha insulini chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse chifukwa cha matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, komanso kwa omwe samadalira insulin amadwala matenda a shuga pochitika ngati akudwala kwambiri.Insulin imawonetsedwanso kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga pa nthawi yapakati, pobereka komanso poyamwitsa. Mankhwala a insulin amafunikira kuti pakhale pangozi ya wodwala - ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic, hyperosmolar ndi lactic acid chikomokere, komanso pakakhala zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kapena kulephera kwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta zilizonse za shuga.

Mitundu ya Insulin

Insulin imapangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi ma cell a pancreatic ndipo ndi mahomoni a protein omwe glucose amalowa m'maselo a minyewa. Insulin sichimatengedwa ngati mapiritsi, chifukwa ndimapuloteni omwe amawonongeka mosavuta ndi madzi a m'mimba. Ndipo ntchito yathu ndikubweretsa insulin m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa nthawi zonse ngati jakisoni.

Kutengera ndi chiyambi, ma insulins amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: anthu ndi nyama.

Insulin yopanga munthu

Insulin yamtunduwu imapezeka kuchokera ku ma genetic engineering. Maziko ndi insulin ya nkhumba, yomwe imasiyana ndi munthu mwa amino acid imodzi - alanine. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, asidiyu amasinthidwa ndi amino acid wina - threonine, ndipo insulin yaumunthu imapezeka.

Hulinologous insulin

Insulin yamtunduwu imapezeka kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za nkhumba ndi ng'ombe, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kapamba amunthu.

Zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga kwa insulin kwachulukitsa, ndipo odwala matenda ashuga ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya anthu.

Ma insulini amachita mosiyanasiyana pa glucose, motero, malinga ndi nthawi yomwe awonekera, amagawika m'magulu atatu: ochita zinthu pang'ono, apakatikati komanso okhalitsa. Kuti mupeze kuchitapo kanthu kwakutali m'thupi, ma zinc kapena mapuloteni amawonjezeredwa pakapangidwe ka insulin pakapangidwe kake.

Kuwonetsera kwakanthawi

Mankhwalawa amatha kuthandizidwa mosagawanika, kudzera m'mitsempha ndi m'mitsempha. Mothandizidwa ndi intravenly and intramuscularly, insulin imayendetsedwa pokhapokha chithandizo chadzidzidzi chimaperekedwa kwa wodwala (pankhani ya chikomokere, etc.). Subcutaneous makonzedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimapangidwira matenda a shuga mellitus: odwala ake amawagwiritsa ntchito okha.

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe, mankhwalawa amayamba kuchita mphindi 15-30, ndipo nthawi yakuyamba kwambiri komanso kutha kwa zochita za insulin zimatengera mlingo wa mankhwalawa. Chifukwa chake, ndi mlingo wa insulin mpaka 10 PESCES, mphamvu yotulutsa (kutsitsa shuga) imatheka 1.5-2 mawola atatha jekeseni, ndipo kutha kwake kumachitika patatha maola 4-5. Ngati mulingo wa insulin kuchokera pa 11 PESCES mpaka 20 PIERES, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zochuluka pambuyo pa maola 2-2.5, ndipo insulin itatha pambuyo pa maola 5-6. Kupitilira magawo 20 a insulin sikulimbikitsidwa.

Ma insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachidule amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye, kubwezeretsanso mafuta owonjezera pa mkate. Ngati wodwala amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi wa insulini (womwe amangoyendetsa mwachidule), ndiye kuti mankhwalawo amawonetsedwa kangapo patsiku.

Ma Insulin Yapakatikati

Insulin yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati jekeseni wa subcutaneous pamankhwala omwe anakonzekera. Mankhwala amayamba kuchita 1.5-2 maola, mpaka pazotheka kwambiri mu maola 4-8, ndipo nthawi yonse ya insulini ndi maola 12-18. Ngakhale Mlingo wa insulin wokulirapo kwambiri umapitilirabe nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa kukonzekera insulini umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 1-2 patsiku limodzi ndi ma insulin.

Wogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, kapena wochita zinthu mopupuluma

Insulin yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokhapokha komanso pochiza matenda a shuga. Insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito maola 4 pambuyo pa kupangika, mpaka kufika pazowonjezera mu maola 8-24.Kutalika konse kwa insulin-proll ndi maola 28. Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amathandizidwa kawiri pa tsiku limodzi ndi insulin. Ngati wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga agwiritsa ntchito insulin yayitali, ndiye kuti ayenera kudziwa kuti sipayenera kukhala kusiyana pakati pa kutha kwa zochita za mankhwala amodzi ndikuyamba kwa zochita za wina, apo ayi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kukwera mwachangu ndipo hyperglycemia idzachitika. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni wa insulin wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ayenera kudutsa.

Kuphatikiza kwa insulin

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kosakanikirana ndi kusakaniza kwa insulin yayifupi komanso yapakatikati (amatchedwa "profiles") komanso yochepa komanso yayitali ("mixtards"). Amapangidwa kuti azitha kuperekera insulin kwa odwala omwe amafuna mitundu iwiri ya jakisoni wa insulin kamodzi. Mbiri imakhala ndi 10-40% ya insulini yochepa ndi 60-90% ya insulin. Kuphatikiza kwa insulini yomwe ndi gawo la mixtards ndi zofanana. Nthawi zambiri, ma insulin ophatikizidwa amaperekedwa kwa odwala kawiri patsiku - asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso asanadye chakudya chamadzulo.

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana a insulin

Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulin ndikutsanzira kupangidwa kwa insulin ndi kapamba. Chifukwa chake, ma regimens othandizira amasankhidwa mwanjira yoti adzaze mzere m'thupi, chifukwa cha zochita zake. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe kapamba amagwira ntchito ndipo ndi maola ochepa bwanji. Mu thupi labwino, kapamba sagwira ntchito mokhazikika, koma m'njira ziwiri. Usiku komanso pakati pa chakudya, insulin imapangidwa pang'ono, gawo limodzi lokha pa ola limodzi. Izi zimatchedwa basal kapena maziko a insulin secretion. Mukamadya, kapamba amathandizira ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa insulin, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Uku ndikumabisala kwamazenera. Mu shuga mellitus, monga lamulo, mitundu yonse iwiri ya kapamba imaphwanyidwa, chifukwa chake iyenera kutsatiridwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa insulin.

Kuti ayeserere secretion ya insulin yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala nthawi yayitali. Kuti muthane ndi katemera wa alimentary wa insulin, mumagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala omwe amangogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu musanadye.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikuphatikiza insulin. Dokotala amasankha dongosolo la insulini kutsata kutengera mtundu ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa zovuta, komanso zakudya.

Chithandizo cha insulin kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kugwiritsa ntchito ma hypoglycemic othandizira kumakhala koopsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo, chifukwa mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi a mwana kudzera mu placenta ndikuthandizira kukulira zofooka ngakhale kufa. Chifukwa chake, mosasamala mtundu wa matenda a shuga, amayi onse apakati amasamutsidwa kupita ku insulin, posankha mosamala mlingo wa mankhwalawo. Ndikofunika kuyamba ndi mankhwala a insulin azimayi oyembekezera, ngakhale atakhala ndi matenda osakhazikika (a gestational) komanso mitundu yofatsa ya matenda, momwe angathere popewa zovuta pachitukuko cha pakati.

Kwa amayi apakati, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yokha yamunthu. Mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa masana ndi 6- 6 magawo a shuga aliwonse a 2.7 mmol / l, oposa kuchuluka kwa 5.5 mmol / l. Ngati shuga ali mumkodzo, ndiye kuti magawo ena 4-6 a mankhwalawa amawonjezeredwa ku insulin.

Mitundu iwiri ya insulin imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito - insulin yochepa, yomwe imayendetsedwa mkati mwamitsempha, mozungulira komanso intramuscularly, ndi insulin-prolong, yomwe imangoperekedwa pokhapokha.

Chithandizo cha insulin kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Kwa ana, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbadwo waposachedwa wa ma inshuwaransi apamwamba, amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakulimbana kwa chitetezo cha mwana.Ndikofunikira kuyamba kulandira chithandizo ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa, pang'onopang'ono kupita kwa ma insulin apakati komanso okhalitsa, ndikuwonjezera pa insulini yothandizira. Kusankhidwa kwa mlingo wa insulin kumatengera thanzi la mwana komanso kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi yoyamba izi zimachitika ndi dokotala pamaziko a mayeso a labotale - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kutayika kwa shuga mumkodzo.

Insulin iyenera kupakidwa pang'onopang'ono m'chigawo cha khomo lamkati, phewa, ntchafu, matako, kapena pansi pa phewa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito cholembera kapena syringe yapadera. Nthawi yomweyo isanachitike makonzedwe, insulini imatenthedwedwa ndi kutentha kwa thupi ndikupatsidwa kokha ngati mowa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta jakisoni watuluka kwathunthu pakhungu. Insulin imalimbikitsidwa kuti iperekedwe pang'onopang'ono komanso mozama. Masamba a jakisoni amayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti zovuta kuchokera ku majakisidwe - lipodystrophy - zisamapangike. Werengani zambiri za zovuta zamatenda a insulin pansipa.

Kwambiri insulin mankhwala

Chithandizo chachikulu cha insulini chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukwaniritsa chiphuphu cha shuga cha nthawi yayitali komanso kupewa zovuta za matenda a shuga.

Pali malamulo ena a mankhwala a insulin. Chifukwa chake, aliyense asanamwe jakisoni wa insulin, shuga ya magazi iyenera kukhala osachepera 5.7 mmol / L ndipo osapitirira 6.7 mmol / L. Popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumakwera kwambiri pambuyo pa chakudya, insulini yovulazidwa iyenera kutsika, koma mpaka malire ake: tsopano iyenera kuchokera pa 7.8 mmol / l mpaka 10 mmol / l. Komabe, sikofunikira kuyesa shuga wamagazi nthawi iliyonse mukatha kudya, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwona zomwe zili ndi shuga musanadye ndikusankha mulingo woyenera wa insulin. Ngakhale m'magulu apadera a odwala - azimayi oyembekezera komanso anthu omwe akudwala ma concomitant pathologies - kuwunikira zizindikirozi ndikovomerezeka.

Ngati mfundo za shuga zamagazi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa, ndiye kuti mupeze mankhwala ena owonjezera a insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachidule imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mlingo womwe umawerengeredwa kuti mulingo wa shuga musanabaye jekeseni wotsatira zomwe wapatsidwa.

Momwe mungalimbikitsire hypoclycemia yam'mawa

Kuchotsa hyperglycemia yam'mawa yoyambitsidwa ndi oyambitsa woyamba, ndiye kuti, osakwanira mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa usiku, mumangofunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa ndikuyiyendetsa pang'ono, ndikuwerengera momwe insulin imakhalira mpaka chakudya cham'mawa. Kuphatikiza apo kapena m'malo mwake, mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali, yomwe imayendetsedwa musanadye chakudya ndipo zimatengera chakudya chomaliza.

Momwe mungathane ndi matenda a m'mawa

Mu "m'mawa m'mawa" syndrome, kuwuka kosayembekezereka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika, popanda mtundu wa insulin ya usiku, vuto lakudya, kapena kugwera usiku m'magazi. Matendawa akuti "m'mawa" amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya matenda a shuga. - pafupifupi 75% ya milandu, ndipo amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko azakudya kapena chithandizo cha mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Matenda oterewa amatha kuwoneka ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, omwe ndi shuga okha omwe amawonjezeka pazinthu zazing'ono zomwe sizidutsa malire apamwamba. Koma zodabwitsa izi zimafotokozedwa mophweka: m'mawa kwambiri, munthu amachepetsa mphamvu ya insulin, chifukwa panthawiyi thupi limapanga mahomoni ena - insulin antagonists: glucagon, cortisol ndi adrenaline. Ngati mahomoni awa amapangidwa mokulira kwambiri, chifukwa cha umunthu wake, ndiye kuti izi zimayambitsa kulumpha kwamphamvu mu shuga. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupanga jakisoni wa insulin yochepa pasadakhale, 5 koloko, osadikira matenda a m'mawa.

Momwe mungapewere matenda a somoji

Somoji syndrome ndi m'mawa hyperglycemia chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin ya usiku, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala chifukwa cholakwitsa kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali musanadye. Usiku, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwala kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo hypoglycemia imachitika, yomwe imayambitsa njira zotchingira shuga wamagazi ndikutulutsa ma insulin antagonist m'magazi: glucagon, cortisone ndi adrenaline. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa shuga m'magazi m'mawa kwambiri - kuyambira 5 mpaka 9 maola.

Kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa Somogy syndrome, kuyesa kwa labotale kwa magawo ndi mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa shuga ndi acetone kumachitika. Ngati shuga ndi acetone kulibe mkodzo wina, koma m'magawo ena, izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa hypoglycemia yoyambitsidwa ndi bongo wa insulin yamadzulo.

Somoji syndrome imatha kutha kusintha insulin musanadye - chakudya chake chimachepetsedwa ndi 10-20% komanso zina. Njira ina ndiyotheka: kusintha nthawi ya makonzedwe a insulin ya nthawi yayitali kupita ku nthawi ina, ndiye kuti, musayendetsere chakudya chamadzulo musanadye, koma usiku musanagone maola 22-23.

Njira zambiri pakusankha Mlingo wa insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amawwerengedwa pamaziko akuti gawo limodzi la insulin limalowetsedwa m'magazi amalimbikitse kuyamwa kwa 4 g ya glucose mu shuga yovomerezeka ya shuga ndi 3 g ya glucose mu decompensated shuga mellitus. Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulin sikuti kungokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kusintha kwachulukidwe kazakudya ndi mafuta, kuphatikiza thupi, komanso kupewa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, pali njira zingapo zosankhira mlingo wa insulin tsiku lililonse. Amawerengeredwa potengera matendawa ndi nthawi yayitali ya matendawa, komanso paziwonetsero zoyambirira za shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo.

Zipangizo zoyendetsera insulin. Ma cholembera a syringe ndi zida zina

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zida zoperekera insulin. Mu matenda osavuta a shuga, ma syringes apulasitiki ndi zolembera zapadera za syringe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Inde, kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera kumakhala kosavuta, koma syringe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Singano imapangidwa mu syringe, kotero mlingo wa insulin ungachitike molondola kwambiri. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti syringe iyenera kuti ikhale yothilitsidwa pambuyo pa jekeseni iliyonse ndikusungidwa pachitetezo. Kutengera ndi malamulo osavuta awa a ukhondo, syringe ya pulasitiki imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mpaka singano itakomoka.

Komabe, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera zama syringe zomwe zimakhala ndi insulin (penfill) ndi singano yosabala. Amagwira ntchito ngati zolembera. Ma singano otayika mu cholembera, ndipo mapentedwe amasintha mukamagwiritsira ntchito insulin. Kupereka mtundu wa insulini yeniyeni, mabatani amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe mankhwalawa amayenera kulowa mu singano. Ubwino wa cholembera ndikuti jakisoniyo ulibe vuto lililonse.

Mankhwala othandizira insulin, microdosers amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, insulin yochepa komanso yotalika imatha kutumizidwa mosakakamiza komanso mwamkati mwachangu. Ma Microdosers ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi chida cholamulira shuga, chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa njira ya matenda ashuga ndikusankha kuchuluka kwa insulini mu milandu yotsatirayi:

• Ndi matenda a shuga opezekera kumene,

• kwambiri matenda a shuga,

• wodwala matenda a shuga,

• pafupipafupi hypoglycemia,

• pamaso pa acetone mu mkodzo,

• bongo wa insulin,

• pamaso pa kusuta kwa insulin.

Ma Microdosers amakulolani kuti muwonjezere pang'onopang'ono mlingo wa insulin womwe umayang'aniridwa ndi shuga ndi mkodzo mpaka cholimba chotsitsa shuga kukhala mulingo wabwinobwino.Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amatha kusinthira kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera kapena ma insulin syringes.

Pazovuta zazikulu, komanso kuchipatala kokha, chipangizo chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - biostator. Zimakuthandizani kuti musamangodziwa msanga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwerengera komanso kusintha liwiro la insulini, komanso kuvulaza shuga ndi insulin. Chipangizochi ndi choyimira cha kapamba. Biostator imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotsatirazi:

• Ndi matenda omwe adapezeka kumene,

• wodwala matenda a shuga,

• kuchotsa wodwala ku matenda a ketoacidosis ndi matenda ashuga,

• pa nthawi yobereka komanso opaleshoni.

Malamulo a insulin makonzedwe

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso makolo a ana odwala ayenera kudziwa njira yoyendetsera okha insulin. Izi sizovuta kwenikweni, koma muyenera kudziwa malamulo a jakisoni, komanso malo omwe mungalowe insulin.

Magawo a makonzedwe a insulin modzaza: khoma lakumaso kwa m'mimba, pansi pa masamba, mbali yakunja ya ntchafu, matako, phewa. Popeza masana muyenera kuchita jakisoni zingapo, tsamba la jakisoni la insulin liyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo malingana ndi mawonekedwe ena. Ngati jakisoni wam'mbuyomu atapangidwa kukhoma lakumaso, ndiye kuti jekeseni wotsatira uyenera kuchitikira pamalo omwewo, koma masentimita atatu kumtunda, ndiye kusunthira malo a insulin jekeseni 2-3 cm, kenako kumanzere ndikumanzere kumanja kwa jekeseni wam'mbuyo. Pambuyo pa izi, insulini imatha kubayidwa mu ntchafu, ndipo mumafunikanso kusintha tsamba lanu. Ndiye - kupita kudera lina, etc., pofika nthawi ya jakisoni wa insulin, zotsalira za jakisoniyo zidzakhala zitachiritsidwa kale kukhoma lakumaso.

Magawo osiyanasiyana amayankha pang'ono ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera kukhoma lakutsogolo kwam'mimba, insulin imatengedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Ndipo pang'onopang'ono - kuchokera kutsogolo kwa ntchafu. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita jakisoni m'malo ena nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutabayira insulin m'mawa ndi pansi pa phewa, ndiye kuti tsiku lotsatira tsatirani njira yomweyo: m'mawa m'mawa komanso pansi pa phewa. Kenako mphamvu ya insulin masana idzakhala yofanana.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini imamwedwa bwino m'malo ena. Chifukwa chake, insulin yofupikitsa imakonda kupakidwa khoma lakutsogolo kwa m'mimba. Insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri imabayidwa m'matako, khoma lakutsogolo kwa ntchafu, pansi pa masamba ndi phewa.

Kubayirira insulin mapewa kuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri komanso m'malo ovuta kwambiri, malo ena akapakidwa kwambiri ndipo pamakhala zovuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali minofu phewa pafupi ndi khungu, ndipo mwangozi insulin imatha kufika pamenepo. Mu minofu, imalowetsedwa m'mwazi mwachangu kwambiri kuposa subcutaneally, chifukwa, zochita za insulin zimadzawonekera mofulumira.

Subcutaneally, insulin imalowetsedwa ndikuzama masentimita 0.5. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti singano ikhale mu gawo lopendekera pakati pa minofu ndi khungu. Pofuna kuti musalowe mu minofu, muyenera kudziwa njira komanso kuperewera kwa jakisoni.

1. Ndi chala chachikulu ndi chakutsogolo kwa dzanja limodzi, tengani pang'ono khungu lanu pamalo a jekeseni kuti pindayo ikhale pakhungu. Koma osafinya khungu mwamphamvu ndi zala zanu.

2. Tenganso syringe ndi dzanja lako lachiwiri momwe umasungira cholembera

3. Kugwira syringe molunjika, ndikusuntha komweko kwa dzanja, ikani singano m'litali mwake lonse m'munsi mwa khola.

4. Kanikizani piston kapena kanikizani batani, ndikuyambitsa insulini mu minofu yaying'ono, ndikuwerengera mpaka khumi.

5. Chotsani singano pakhungu.

Singano ndi 12 mm ndi 8 mm kutalika. Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe a wodwalayo, kukula kwa singano kumasankhidwa. Anthu owerengeka amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito singano yofupikitsa 8 mm, ndipo ena onse agwiritse ntchito singano 12 mm. Pambuyo pa jekeseni, kuphulika kwakung'ono kumawonekera pamalo a jekeseni, omwe adzadutsa mofulumira.

Malamulo Osungira Insulin

Pofuna kupitiliza insulini, iyenera kusungidwa mufiriji kutentha kwa 2-8 ° C, ndikuwotenthetsa kutentha kwa thupi musanagwiritse ntchito.Onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera alumali moyo wa kukonzekera kwa insulini, womwe walembedwa pamwambapa, popeza uli ndi nthawi yochepa. Ngati kukonzekera kwa insulin ndi kuyimitsidwa, ndiye kuti, kusakaniza, kenako kumawoneka ngati kwamtambo, kotero kuyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikugudubuza champhamvu pakati pa manja. Chifukwa chake, yankho la insulin lidzakhala lopanda pake, ndipo limatha kuperekedwa pansi pa khungu. Ngati ma flakes akuwoneka mu insulin, yasintha mtundu kapena yawinira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zawonongeka kale ndipo sizitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse. Insulin imatha kuwononga onse kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutsika kwambiri, komanso pansi pa dzuwa.

Mwina zotheka insulin mankhwala

Ngati njira zina za chitetezo kapena malamulo satsatiridwa, ndiye kuti chithandizo cha insulin, monga mtundu wina uliwonse wamankhwala, chimatha kubweretsa zovuta zingapo. Mavuto a insulini amapezeka pakusankhidwa koyenera kwa insulin ndi kusankha kwa mankhwalawa, motero, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti ayang'ane njira yonse ya chithandizo. Zikuwoneka zovutirapo koyambirira, kenako anthu amakonda kuzolowera zovuta zonse mwangwiro. Popeza matenda ashuga ndi matenda amoyo wonse, amaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito syringe ngati mpeni ndi foloko. Komabe, mosiyana ndi anthu ena, odwala matenda a shuga satha kupuma pang'ono komanso kupumula ku chithandizo, chifukwa izi zimabweretsa zovuta.

Lipodystrophy

Vutoli limayamba pamalo a jakisoni chifukwa chophwanya mapangidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya adipose, ndiye kuti, pamalo operekera jakisoni pali zisindikizo (pomwe minofu ya adipose imayamba) kapena kukomoka (pomwe minofu ya adipose imatsika ndikuthothoka mafuta obisika). Chifukwa chake, amatchedwa hypertrophic ndi mtundu wa atrophic wa lipodystrophy.

Lipodystrophy imayamba pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta zazitali komanso zosasinthika zam'mitsempha yaying'ono yaziphuphu ndi singano ya syringe. Koma ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa, ngakhale ndizofala kwambiri. Chifukwa china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mavutowa azikhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito insulin yosakwanira.

Nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza kwa insulin kumeneku kumachitika pakatha miyezi ingapo kapena zaka insulin. Vutoli silowopsa kwa wodwalayo, ngakhale kuti limapangitsa kuti insulini isamveke bwino, komanso zimabweretsa zovuta kwa munthuyo. Choyamba, izi ndi zoperewera pakhungu, ndipo chachiwiri, zimakhala zowawa m'malo ovuta, zomwe zimakulirakulira nyengo ikasintha.

Chithandizo cha atrophic mtundu lipodystrophy chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito insulin insulin limodzi ndi novocaine, yomwe imathandizira kubwezeretsa ntchito ya misempha. Mtundu wa hypertrophic wa lipodystrophy amathandizidwa ndi physiotherapy: phonophoresis yokhala ndi mafuta a hydrocortisone.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera, mutha kudziteteza ku izi.

1) kusinthana kwa malo a jakisoni,

2) kuyambitsa kwa insulin yokhayo ku kutentha kwa thupi,

3) mutamwa mankhwala, mankhwalawo ayenera kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yosalala kapena dikirani kuti mowawo uume,

4) jekeseni pang'onopang'ono komanso insulin pansi pa khungu,

5) gwiritsani ntchito singano zakuthwa zokha.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana

Vutoli silodalira zomwe wodwalayo achita, koma akufotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni achilendo pakupanga insulin. Pali zochita zina zoyipa zam'mudzimo zomwe zimachitika malo ozungulira jekeseni m'njira yofiyira khungu, kunyezimira, kutupa, kuwotcha komanso kuyabwa. Choopsa kwambiri ndichomwe chimapangitsa kuti thupi lonse lizigwirizana ndi uritisaria, edema ya Quincke, bronchospasm, kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka kwa molumikizana, ma lymph node komanso ngakhale kudana kwa anaphylactic.

Zoopsa zomwe zimayipa m'moyo zimagonekedwa kuchipatala ndikuwongolera kwa mahomoni am'mbuyomu, zotsalira zomwe zimatsalira zimachotsedwa ndi antihistamines, komanso kuyang'anira kwa hydrocortisone ya mahomoni limodzi ndi insulin.Komabe, nthawi zambiri, ndizotheka kuthetsa ziwopsezo posamutsa wodwala kuchokera ku porcine insulin kupita kwa munthu.

Matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri a insulin amachitika pamene kufunika kwa insulin kukwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti, kupitilira 1-1.5 PIERES pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi patsiku. Zikatere, mkhalidwe wodwala umakulirakulira. Wodwala ngati amachepetsa mlingo wa insulin, amamva bwino. Ichi ndiye chizindikiritso chopambana cha insulin. Mawonetsedwe ena a zovuta:

• shuga wamkulu,

• magazi othamanga kwambiri,

• kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi masana,

• kutaya kwakukulu kwa shuga mkodzo,

• kusinthasintha pafupipafupi kwa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia,

• chizolowezi cha ketoacidosis,

• kudya kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Mavuto amathandizidwa ndikusintha Mlingo wa insulin ndikusankha njira yoyenera.

Hypoglycemic chikhalidwe ndi chikomokere

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mavutowa akwaniritse ndi kusankhidwa kwa mlingo wa insulin, womwe unakhala wambiri, komanso kusakwanira kwa chakudya chamafuta. Hypoglycemia imayamba patatha maola awiri pambuyo pa insulin yocheperako komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira insulin. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kutsika kwambiri ndipo wodwala amatha kupweteka.

Kukula kwa zovuta za hypoglycemic nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kukonzekera kwa insulin yayitali, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi.

Ngati misempha ya m'magazi ochepera kuposa 4 mmol / L, ndiye kuti kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga, i.e. state of hyperglycemia, kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwambiri shuga.

Kupewa kwa vutoli ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, momwe imayambira pakulowa kwa magazi m'munsi mwa 4 mmol / L.

Insulin kukana (insulin kukana)

Vutoli limayamba chifukwa chomwa mankhwalawa a insulin, omwe nthawi yayitali sapereka kufunika ndipo amafuna kuti awonjezere. Kukana kwa insulin kumatha kukhala kwakanthawi kapena kupitilira nthawi yayitali. Ngati kufunika kwa insulin kumafikira oposa 100-200 UNITS patsiku, koma wodwalayo alibe vuto lililonse la ketoacidosis ndipo palibe matenda ena amtundu wa endocrine, ndiye kuti titha kukambirana za chitukuko cha insulin.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukana kwa insulin kwakanthawi ndikuphatikizapo: kunenepa kwambiri, lipids yamagazi, kuthamanga magazi, kupsinjika, matenda opweteka kwambiri komanso opatsirana, kusachita zolimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuthana ndi zovuta zamtunduwu kupatula zifukwa zomwe zalembedwa.

Kutalika kwa insulin kapena immunological insulin kumayamba chifukwa cha kupanga ma antibodies kuti apewe insulini, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero ndi chidwi cha insulin receptors, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Chithandizo chimakhala ndikulowetsa insulin ya anthu ndi porcine insulin, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni hydrocortisone kapena prednisone ndikuwonjezera matenda a chiwindi, kuphatikiza pa zakudya.

Kudziyang'anira pawokha matenda ashuga

Popewa zovuta komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuphunzira kudziletsa. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yokhala ndi matenda ashuga, kumva ngati munthu wabwinobwino.

Ndikosatheka kusankha regimen ya insulin management ndi mlingo wa moyo. Kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso nthawi yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake kumayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadalira zinthu zambiri zomwe sizitha kuwonedwa komanso kupatulidwa. Izi ndi zochitika zathupi zosakonzekera, malingaliro, zolakwa mu chakudya, matenda, kupsinjika. Moyo wa munthu aliyense umakhala ndi zochitika izi, koma kwa wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala owopsa, chifukwa magawo awo, momwe thanzi lawo limadalira, amasintha kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga ayenera kudziwa za kusinthaku, kuwona mkhalidwe wake ndikuwunika magawo a ma labotale. Kudziyang'anira ndikofunikira kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, onse omwe amadalira insulin komanso osadalira insulin. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndikuti ndi shuga yemwe samadalira insulini, kuwongolera shuga kumachitika pafupipafupi, komanso mosalekeza, ndikuwonongeka kwathanzi, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pafupipafupi.

Chifukwa chake, kudziwunika pawokha kwa wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kutsimikiza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi musanadye,

• kufananizira zizindikirozi ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndi zina zosazolowereka (zotengeka, zovuta, zopweteka),

• Kuwunikira mozama momwe akumvera,

- kuwunika kwa zomwe zalandiridwa,

• Kusintha kwakanthaŵi kwa mlingo wa insulin, mankhwala ena ndi zakudya.

Kuyeza magazi ndi mkodzo pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera ndi glucometer

Kugwiritsa ntchito timiyeso todziyesa tokha tomwe timayang'ana shuga ndi mkodzo pakuwazindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga kufotokozedwa koyambirira kwa chaputala ichi. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za kuwongolera magawo awa omwe ali ndi matenda omwe alipo kale.

Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa shuga:

1) Kugwiritsa ntchito mzere woyesera, kuyerekezera kokhala ndi mtundu wake, momwe mumatha kukhazikitsira shuga m'magazi,

2) mothandizidwa ndi glucometer - chipangizo chomwe chingwe choyesera chimayikidwira ndikuwunika mwachangu kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi kumachitika. Wodwalayo amangowerenga zotsatira za phunziroli pazithunzi za digito za chipangizocho.

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, kufufuza kumachitika mwachangu komanso mosavuta, koma ndi luso linalake njira yowonera popanga shuga ndimagazi molondola. Chovuta chochepa chowerengera chilipo muzochitika zonsezi, koma sizitenga nawo gawo pazomwe zimathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Kuyeza kwa shuga mumkodzo kumachitika ndi mizere yapadera m'njira yomweyo. Mzere woyeserera umamizidwa mu mkodzo, ndipo gawo loyesa limasintha mtundu kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo. Zolondola kwambiri ndi zingwe zoyeserera ndi gawo loyesera kawiri. Amalimbikitsidwanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, ngakhale kuwunika shuga mu mkodzo kumapereka chidziwitso chochepa chokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga kuposa kafukufuku wamagulu a shuga.

Mayeso a mkodzo wa ketonuria

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'ana kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone (acetone) mu mkodzo nthawi zina akakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikukhala kwake kwamkodzo mumkodzo, ndiye kuti, mayeso angapo akapita motsatizana amawonetsa kuchuluka kwambiri: pamwambapa 14 mmol / l m'magazi ndi 3% mkodzo. Zizindikiro za phunziroli ndizowononga thanzi (nseru ndi kusanza) komanso matenda omwe amafanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi.

Kuyesa kwamikodzo kwa matupi a ketone ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa ketonuria komanso kupewa matenda a shuga. Pa kafukufukuyu, pali timiyeso tapadera tomwe timamizidwa mkodzo ndikusintha mtundu kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone mumkodzo. Kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone mumkodzo kumawonetsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic ndipo kumafunikira chithandizo chamomwe.

Kuchepetsa thupi

Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa thupi kuti musaphonye zizindikiro zoyambirira za kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga komanso matenda ena okhala nawo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, pakhala kuyesedwa kwapadera komwe kumazindikira chizindikiro cha kunenepa kwambiri. Amatchedwa index mass body (BMI) kapena Kegle index ndipo amayeza mu kg / sq. m. Chifukwa chake, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuyeza kulemera ndi thupi lonse. Kutengera ndi izi, chidziwitso cha Kögle chimawerengeredwa.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa Kealog index: BMI = kulemera (kg) / (kutalika (mita)) squared.

Mlozera wabwinobwino wa Kegle wa amuna ndi 20-25, ndipo kwa akazi ndi 19-25.

Kusunga cholembedwa cha kudziletsa

Wodwalayo amalemba zambiri zamaphunziro onse muzolemba zake za kudziletsa, kuwonetsa tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, adalemba muzolemba zamawu ndi cholinga cha moyo pazabwino. Mwakutero, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi masiku atatu aliwonse, ndipo ngati wodwala akudwala matenda oopsa, ndiye kuti tsiku lililonse. Mlozera waumwini sofunikira kuwerengetsa masiku atatu aliwonse, koma kulemera kuyenera kuyesedwa, makamaka kwa anthu omwe amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Lembalo liyenera kusungidwa mosamala kuti pamunsi pa zolemba lipangitsidwenso pamutu posintha za matenda ashuga kapena momwe amakhazikika.

Kusunga zolemba zodziyang'anira kumathandiza wodwala kuti azitha kuthana ndi matendawa, kukonza zosintha zina pang'ono komanso kukhala ndi matenda ashuga osasokoneza. Kukhala bwino komanso thanzi lanu zimakhala m'manja mwanu ndipo zimadalira chikhumbo chanu ndi kufunitsitsa kwanu kudzithandiza. Ngati munthu asunga kwambiri ndandanda ya kudziletsa ndipo, poganizira zomwe zapezeka, akapanga kapena sasintha pamankhwala ake, ndiye kuti matenda ake a shuga sangawonekere. Mutha kuwunika momwe wodwalayo amalumikizirana ndi ntchitoyi ndikuwongolera thanzi lake mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wina, yemwe amachitidwa mu labotale. Ili ndiye gulu lamatumbo a hemoglobin.

Glycated hemoglobin HbA chizindikiro chikuwonetsa momwe chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga chimatulutsira ndimatenda onse a shuga, ngati alipo. Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa miyezi 1.5-2 ndipo potero imawonetsa momwe munthu amasamalira bwino matenda ake. Kutengera ndi chizindikiro ichi, munthu akhoza kuwunika momwe wodwalayo adazolowera moyo ndi matenda ashuga.

• Ngati HbA isapitilira 6% - palibe matenda a shuga kapena wodwala wasintha bwino.

• HbA kuchokera 6% mpaka 8% - wodwalayo amakhala bwino kapena matendawo mokwanira.

• HbA kuchokera 8% mpaka 10% - wodwalayo sakhutira kapena saatha bwino matenda ashuga.

• HbA yoposa 10% - wodwalayo samazolowera bwino kukhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika index ya glycated hemoglobin 1-2 nthawi iliyonse miyezi itatu iliyonse kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga a shuga komanso nthawi 1-2 pachaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa insulin wodziimira pawokha wa shuga.

Chithandizo cha mavuto a shuga

Chithandizo cha zovuta za matenda a shuga chimakhala kupewetsa kwawo, ndiko kuti kubwezeretsa kwathunthu matenda. Ngakhale ndi zovuta zomwe zayamba kale, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kusintha njirayi, ndiko kuti, sikuti kungoletsa kukula kwawo, komanso kuchepetsa matenda.

Chithandizo cha angiopathy

Chithandizo chachikulu ndikulimbikira komanso kubwezera kwa nthawi yayitali anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo akulangizidwa kuti azitsatira mosamalitsa zakudya, idyani kangapo patsiku ndipo pang'onopang'ono asiyeni mafuta owonjezera am'mimba pazakudya zake. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya, wodwalayo ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimathandiza kuyamwa kwa shuga ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mtima.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalembedwa ndi dokotala. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi ma angioprotectors, anticoagulants ndi ma antiplatelet othandizira omwe amathandizira kufalikira kwa magazi ndikulimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira za physiotherapy zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - hyperbaric oxygenation, acupuncture, laser irradiation, magnetotherapy.

Chithandizo cha retinopathy

Pankhaniyi, kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwa wodwala payekha kuyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chobwezera matenda a shuga. Pazifukwa zochizira, wodwalayo adayikidwa kuti angioprotectors ndi anticoagulants kukhazikika kwa khoma lamitsempha ndikusintha kayendedwe ka magazi, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala omwe angatenge, pobweretsa mankhwala monga trypsin ndi lidase.

Ngati pali chiopsezo cha kufinya kwam'mimba, ndiye kuti njira zolimbitsa thupi zimachitidwa, makamaka zojambula za Photocoagulation.

Mankhwalawa a Nephropathy

Wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti azitsatira zakudya zama protein ochepa komanso kumwa mavitamini. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso mankhwala othana ndi hypoxia.

Ngati nephropathy imachitika ndi kukula kwa aimpso, ndiye kuti wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti aphatikize madzi amchere amchere, mabulosi achilengedwe ndi timadziti ta zipatso mu chakudya.

Kuchipatala, chithandizo chapadera chimachitika kuti thupi lithetsedwe, ndiye kuti kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zapoizoni. Pankhani ya nephropathy yayikulu, kuyeretsa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito hemodialysis kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala a polyneuropathy

Choyamba, wodwalayo amayang'anizana ndi ntchito yolipira matenda ashuga kwathunthu. Pokhapokha ngati izi, chithandizo cha zovuta ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi njira zina zimapatsa zotsatira zabwino. Pofuna kuthana ndi polyneuropathy, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amasintha ntchito yamitsempha yamagazi ndi mafupa am'mitsempha, ndiye kuti angioprotectors, anticoagulants, othandizira antiplatelet, mavitamini, lipoic acid. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa kukhudzika kwa mitsempha pamiyambo ya mitsempha, Prozerin ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Njira zochizira matenda othandizira zovuta zimaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi: electrophoresis, balneotherapy, chithandizo ndi paraffin, ozokerite, kutikita minofu ndi acupuncture. Amathandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wamatsitsi amitsempha, komanso ma anesthetize ndikubwezeretsa zomverera mu minofu.

Zakudya za shuga

Pogwiritsa ntchito chida chophweka, mutha kuwerengera kulemera kwanu kwabwino.

Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamthupi kwa akazi: kulemera kwa thupi = kutalika - 110 cm.

Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamunthu kwa abambo: kulemera kwa thupi = kutalika - 100 cm.

Ngati mfundo zanu ndizokwera pang'ono kuposa zabwinobwino, simuyenera kuchita mantha, chifukwa kuti mukhale ndi kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kukhala ndi kulemera kwa thupi komwe kumaposa kwa 25-50%. Tinene kuti kutalika kwanu ndi 165 cm ndipo kulemera kwanu ndi 60 kg. Kenako muyenera kulemera 165-110 = 55 kg. Muli ndi makilogalamu owonjezera 5, koma osapha. Tsopano, ngati mutapeza makilogalamu 77, zitha kukhala pafupifupi 50% kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Kenako adotolo akanakupeza molimba mtima kuti muli ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri. Koma ngakhale 67 kg amayenera kukusungani, chifukwa amapitilira muyeso wambiri ndi 25% - kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri yoyamba. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengetsa kulemera kwanu, musangowerengera kuchuluka komwe mumalandira, komanso nthawi yomwe munakwanitsanso kuti mupezenso bwino. Ngati mudawonjezera 3 kg mu sabata, ndiye kuti mumangomaliza: muchepetse zakudya zotsekemera komanso zotsekemera. Koma ngati kulemera kwanu pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe kumakhalira kwa manambala kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti simuyenera kusintha zakudya: simukuchira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simukuwopsezedwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, mutha kuwerengera pawokha kulemera kwanu ndikupeza ngati muli ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mulingo wotani.

Kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri yoyamba ndi 25-50% ya kulemera kwa thupi, monga kuwerengera pamwambapa.

Kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri yachiwiri - 50-70% ya kulemera kumawonjezera thupi.

Kunenepa kwambiri 3 - kulemera kwa 75-100% kukhala kwabwinobwino.

Kunenepa kwa 4th - 100% kapena kuposerapo kulemera kwamphamvu thupi.

Thanzi limagwira gawo lalikulu m'moyo wa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mothandizidwa ndi chakudya choyenera komanso mtundu wa chakudya, ndikotheka kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ngati angachitike popanda zovuta. Pankhaniyi, zakudya ndiye njira yokhayo yothetsera matendawa. Ndipo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pulogalamu yamankhwala. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kupezekanso m'moyo wa wodwalayo, zomwe ndizopatsanso chiwongolero cha shuga m'thupi.Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zithandiza wodwalayo kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin yomwe amapatsidwa. Komabe, zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi chakudya kuti zisadzabwezeretsenso kuchuluka kwa "mafuta" owotchedwa ".

Chachikulu pazakudya zamagulu ochepa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu am'mimba, i.e. glucose ndi sucrose. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, thupi liyenera kulandira michere yomwe idzaonetsetsa kuti imabwezeretsa ndalama zonse zamagetsi. Kwa wodwala matenda ashuga, mphamvu yonse ya chakudya iyenera kukhala yocheperako, kutengera zaka za munthu, kulemera kwake komanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Ndi kulemera kwabwino kwa kilogalamu iliyonse ya munthu wathanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kuyambira 20 mpaka 25 kcal, komanso onenepa - kuyambira 15 mpaka 17 kcal. Ngati ntchitoyo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zopepuka, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumachulukitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ngongole yonse. Akamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimawonjezeka kawiri.

Kwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya kuyenera kukhala 24%, 16% ndi 60%, motsatana. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri mpaka 45-50%, pomwe akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magawo ena.

Kuti mupeze zakudya moyenera, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimamasulidwa mukakonza mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, pakudya 1 g ya mapuloteni kapena chakudya, 4 kcal imatulutsidwa, ndipo 1 g yamafuta imapereka 9 kcal. Koma mapuloteni ndi mafuta ndizofunikira kokha kulemera kwa munthu, osakhudza shuga. Chofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwonetsetsa zakudya zamatenda. Kuti zitheke, ma carbohydrate nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa m'magawo a mkate - XE. Gulu limodzi la mkate limafanana ndi 25 g mkate kapena 10 g ya shuga (chakudya chofiyira mosavuta). Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyeza kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'magawo a XE kwa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga omwe amadalira inshuwaransi, komanso mtundu wosagwirizana ndi shuga wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalipiridwa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amafunidwa ndi wodwala matenda a shuga patsiku, malinga ndi magawo a mkate, amachokera ku 18 mpaka 25 XE.

Gawo limodzi la mkate lodyedwa m'mawa ndi m'mawa limadzutsa shuga ndi 2 mol / L. Munthu wamba saganiza zodya mkate wowonjezera, supuni ya shuga kapena ma cookie, ndipo wodwalayo amamva. Kupatula apo, insulini yomwe idabadwa musanadye chakudya sikokwanira iye ndipo "kukwawa" kwa shuga. Mukadzilola nokha kwambiri, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuti tikwaniritse zomwe 1 XE, zigawo ziwiri za insulin yochepa zikufunika. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe angayendere kapena kudya zakudya zamafuta, akhoza kunena kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe angadye kuposa zomwe amakonda, ndikudziwonetsa yekha insulin. Koma izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo. Zakudya zomwe wodwala amakhala nazo nthawi zonse zimayenera kuwerengedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini kumadziwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amafanana ndi zisonyezo za munthu wathanzi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudya zakudya zisanu, zowonjezera kwambiri, kanayi patsiku, ndikupanga zokhwasula-khwasula pakati pa chakudya, ndiye kuti, mu chakudya chama 6-7. Ndi zakudya zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowerengera shuga.

Mphamvu yamphamvu

Kudya kwamphamvu ndikofunikira kwa odwala matenda a shuga a mellitus-insulin, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumayendetsedwa kumadalira chakudya. Ubalewu ndi wobwezerera. Mafuta a insulin ocheperako nthawi zambiri omwe amaperekedwa, ndiye kuti zakudya zake ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Ngati jakisoni adapangidwa musanadye chilichonse, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake ndi mphamvu zake zimatha kusinthidwa ndikuti zakudya munthawiyi zimakhala zopanda ufulu. Koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi pokhapokha - patchuthi, maulendo, ndi zina. Nthawi zina, ndikwabwino kutsatira boma lokhazikika ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni.

Kuchulukitsa kwa chakudya kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera shuga m'magazi.Kwa zakudya zazing'onoting'ono pakati pa chakudya, sipangakhale kulumpha kowopsa m'magazi a shuga, zomwe zimatha kuchitika ngati nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya ndi yayitali. Iwo ali onenepa kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri m'magulu a shuga, mpaka kugwedezeka kwa hypoglycemic.

Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu wogwira ntchito azitsatira zakudya zamasiku asanu, chifukwa chake mutha kudzipatula pakudya zinayi. Chakudya chimayenera kugawidwa kuti chakudya chokha chisakhale chofanana ndi mtundu wamunthu, koma kudya zakudya zimagawidwanso chimodzimodzi.

Chifukwa chake, pakudya kanayi patsiku ladzala, wodwalayo ayenera kulandira 30% ya zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse (4-5 XE), pa nkhomaliro - 40% (5- XE), masana - 10% (1-2 XE), komanso masana nthawi ya chakudya chamadzulo - zosaposa 20% (4 XE) za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndi zakudya zisanu patsiku, kadzutsa woyamba ndi 25% yazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku (3-4 XE), chakudya chachiwiri cham'mawa ndi 15% (2-3 XE), nkhomaliro ndi 30% (4-5 XE), tiyi wamadzulo ndi 10% (1-2 XE) ndi chakudya chamadzulo - 20% (4 XE). Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa chakudya, chomwe ndi maola awiri mutatha kadzutsa ndi maola awiri musanadye chakudya, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange zokhwasula-khwasula zolingana ndi 1-2 HE. Chakudya chamadzulo chimayenera kukhala maola awiri isanagone, ndipo musanagone, ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya chidutswa cha mkate kapena mkaka kuti muchepetse madontho ausiku mu shuga.

Mu shuga mellitus, mtundu wosadalira insulin umalimbikitsidwanso zakudya zisanu kapena zinayi patsiku, momwe mulingo wamagulu amwazi. Koma kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya chakudya ziyenera kuwerengedwa mosamalitsa mikhalidwe ya wodwalayo kuti asachulukitse kulemera ndipo shuga asamachulukenso. Potere, chidwi chochuluka chimalipidwa ndendende kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, osati chakudya. Ngati mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamthupi kumatha kuwonjezereka.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta

Mafuta onse amagawika m'magulu atatu. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta ndi glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose ndi lactose. Pang'onopang'ono chakudya chamafuta - wowuma komanso ovuta kugaya chakudya - CHIKWANGWANI. Magulu awiri oyamba amadzimadzi amalowetsedwa m'magazi mwachangu, chachitatu chimakhala chochepa komanso chovuta. Pazakudya zawo, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'ana gulu lachitatu la chakudya. Zakudya zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi zimakulitsa msanga wamagazi anu pakafunika kutero.

Glucose ndiye chakudya chosavuta kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwa mwachindunji m'magazi. Zakudya zamafuta zotsalira zimalowa m'magazi pambuyo pakusintha kukhala glucose. Glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa thupi. Ndi shuga wa mphesa yemwe amapezeka mumphesa ndi mphesa. Zakudya zina zosavuta zamafuta zimaphatikizapo ma monosaccharides: fructose (1.5 nthawi okoma kuposa shuga ndi 3 zina okoma kuposa glucose), komanso sorbitol ndi xylitol. Monosaccharides amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shuga.

Shuga kapena sucrose yokha ndi nzimbe kapena shuga, yomwe imakoma koposa kawiri kuposa shuga. Zimangotanthauza ma disaccharides, omwe ali ndi kapangidwe kake kamapangidwe kamapangidwe, motero imawonongeka m'matumbo. Disaccharides imaphatikizanso shuga wa maltose kapena maltose, chakudya chachilengedwe chopezeka mu mbewu za barele ndi zina zamphesa. Zinthu zamkaka (mkaka, yogati, kirimu) zimakhala ndi shuga mkaka - lactose.

Starch ndi chakudya chopatsa mphamvu, ndiye kuti, ma polysaccharides, koma amawonongeka mosavuta ndipo amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Wowuma kwambiri uli ndi ufa - mpaka 80%, pang'ono pang'ono kuposa mbatata - 50%. Polysaccharides imaphatikizanso glycogen, pectin, ndi fiber. Glycogen amasungidwa makamaka m'chiwindi kapena mafuta kuti apatse mphamvu minofu.

CHIKWANGWANI sichimagwera m'matumbo konse, koma chimapangitsa chidwi chake, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda a shuga, fiber imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'magazi.Ichi ndichifukwa chake zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kukhalapo nthawi zonse pakudya kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, pomwe kabichi imakhala yofunika kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a Carbohydrate

Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a chakudya zamafuta kumadalira osati mtundu wa chakudya, koma kutentha ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, masamba osankhidwa bwino amasweka mwachangu m'matumbo kuposa masamba osankhidwa bwino. Zakudya zamkati zimaphatikizanso kuyamwa kwa mitundu yambiri, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, ayisikilimu wokoma, yemwe amakamizidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, CHIKWANGWANI, chodyedwa limodzi ndi chakudya chamafuta, chimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwawo m'magazi. Kusintha kwa shuga mu glucose ndi mafuta, omwe ndi gawo la zakudya, akuchedwa.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe am'madzi? Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndikulowera mofulumira kwa shuga ophatikizidwa mu glucose m'magazi, mulingo wake umakwera mwachangu, insulini ilibe nthawi yothana, ndiye kuti, tengani shuga m'magazi munthawi ndikuwongolera maselo amthupi. Ndipo mafuta "osakwiya" pang'ono ndi pang'ono amawonjezera shuga m'magazi, omwe amawagawa mthupi lonse mothandizidwa ndi insulin (ya mtundu woyamba wa shuga) kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga (a mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga).

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, michere imagawika m'magulu atatu.

1. Zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga kwa mphindi 1-5. Izi zimaphatikizapo shuga, uchi, mphesa, ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi za carbon. Wodwala wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa "kuthamanga" wamagazi kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi pakachitika dontho lakuthwa. Kwenikweni, ma carbohydrate othamanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pazolinga izi. Nthawi zina wodwala amatha kugula zakudya zotsekemera kapena zotsekemera, koma mwa kupatsa insulini yocheperako kuti muchepetse kukwera msanga kwa magazi.

2. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi 10. Izi zimaphatikizapo mikate yoyera ndi zinthu zina za ufa - makeke, pasitala, komanso makeke ndi chokoleti. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya “chothamanga” kuletsa kuukira kwa hypoglycemia, komwe amayembekeza chifukwa chophwanya zakudya kapena kuchuluka kwambiri kwamalingaliro ndi thupi, koma osayamba.

3. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi mphindi 30.

Ichi ndi mkate wopanda bulawuni, burwheat, oatmeal ndi mbewu zina, zomwe zimatchedwa "slowly" carbohydrate. Ayenera kukhala gawo lalikulu la chakudya m'zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga.

Momwe mungawerenge chakudya

Kuti muwerengere moyenera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri patsiku, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kcal patsiku lomwe mukufuna. Izi zidakambidwa pamwambapa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, olemera pang'ono komanso osafuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, pafupifupi amafunika 2000 kcal patsiku. Potere, gawo la chakudya liyenera kukhala 45-50%, ndiye kuti pafupifupi kcal 1000. Tikudziwa kale kuti 1 g yamakankhwala opatsa mphamvu amapatsa 4 kcal, ndipo titha kuwerengetsa mosamala kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe mungadye patsiku: 1000 kcal: 4 kcal = 250 g yama chakudya.

Tsopano muyenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu amtundu wa mkate. Popeza pali chakudya chamafuta 15 m'gulu limodzi la mkate, tidzachitanso kuwerengera kosavuta: 250 g: 15 g = 17 XE (pafupifupi).

Chifukwa chake, mutha kudya magawo 17 a mkate patsiku. Ndalamazi ziyenera kugawidwa chimodzimodzi, poganizira kuchuluka komwe kwatchulidwa kale, komanso zakudya zanu. Ndipo kenako sankhani zakudya zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa mkate. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zotsatirazi.

Chuma chogwirizana ndi 1 XE

Shuga - 1 tbsp. supuni

Shuga wa Instant - 3 zidutswa

Uchi - 1 tbsp. supuni

Zakumwa zotsekemera za kaboni - 3/4 chikho

Zipatso za zipatso - 1/2 chikho

Mkate - chidutswa chimodzi (25 g)

Zikondamoyo kapena zikondamoyo - 1 pc.

Porridge - 2 tbsp. spoons a mbewu monga chimanga

Vermicelli - 1.5 tbsp. spoons

Mkaka kapena yogati (kefir) - 1 chikho

Ayisikilimu - 60 g

Mkaka wopanda mkaka wopanda mkaka - 100 g

Mbatata yophika - 100 g

Mbatata yokazinga - 2 tbsp. spoons

Lebo - 5 tbsp. spoons

Maapulo - 100 g (avareji imodzi)

Mapeyala - 90 g (avareji imodzi)

Malalanje - 100 g (sing'anga imodzi)

Nthochi - 1/2 zipatso

Zipatso zilizonse - 150 g

Zipatso zouma (ma apricots zouma, zoumba zouma zouma, zipatso) - 20 g

Zinthu zambiri zomwe sitinatchule zilibe mafuta azakudya zamagetsi ndipo sizinasinthidwe kukhala ma mkate. Izi zikuphatikiza masamba: beets, kaloti, kabichi, radishi, radishes, biringanya, zipatso, tomato, nkhaka, zukini, anyezi ndi anyezi wobiriwira, komanso masamba, bowa, soya ndi mtedza.

Momwe mungapangire chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku

Kupanga zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikofunikira kulingalira osati chakudya chokha, komanso mapuloteni ndi mafuta, ndipo zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kukhala mu gawo linalake. Popeza zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimapanga 50% ya zakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta ndizotsala 50%, zomwe 3/5 zimapatsidwa mafuta, ndi 2/5 - mapuloteni. Mukunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwamafuta kumafunika kuchepetsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, mafuta sangalembedwe konse, chifukwa amatenga gawo lofunikira mthupi, lomwe limakhala gawo lalikulu lamphamvu.

Kuperewera komanso mafuta ochulukirapo ndizovuta kwambiri kwa wodwala matenda ashuga. Kuperewera kwa zinthuzi kumabweretsa kufooka kwa minofu, kuchepa kwa vitamini D ndi kusokonezeka kwamankhwala ambiri ndi machitidwe. Ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo amakhudza kapamba ndipo amatsogolera pakukula kwa atherosclerosis. Mafuta amagawika m'magawo osakwanira. Mafuta a acid omwe amaphatikizika amathandizira kuti mafuta azikula, pomwe mafuta a asidi osaphatikizika, m'malo mwake, amathandizira pakuchita izi, kuchotsa mafuta ambiri m'thupi. Chizindikiro ichi chimagwira gawo lalikulu m'moyo wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Cholesterol amtundu wabwinobwino amachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 5.2 mmol / L, koma osaposa 6.4 mmol / L. Cholesterol imasewera onse awiri (imayambitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis) komanso imapangitsa gawo labwino m'thupi (limapanga vitamini D). Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka mafuta amayenera kukhala oyenera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ochepa zakudya zomwe zili ndi cholesterol - mafuta anyama, msuzi wamafuta ndi msuzi wamphamvu wa nyama, chiwindi, nsomba yamafuta, batala, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi, dzira la mazira. Zinthu zamkaka ziyenera kudyedwa ndi mafuta ochepa.

Mafuta okometsedwa amaphatikiza mafuta a nyama - nyama, nsomba, mafuta, ndi zina. Mafuta osaphatikizika amaphatikizapo mafuta a masamba, mafuta a masamba, ndi soya. Zinthu zamkaka zimakhala ndi ma asidi a saturated komanso osapangika.

Kuti mupange zakudya, poganizira momwe thupi limafunira mafuta, muyenera kudziwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Mwachitsanzo, supuni 1 ya batala ili ndi mafuta 5 g, omwe ndi 45 kcal, ndi supuni 1 ya mayonesi ili ndi 2 g yamafuta, 1 tbsp. supuni ya mafuta wowawasa zonona muli 3 g mafuta, ndipo 1 tsp ya masamba masamba muli 5 g mafuta. Gome la tsatanetsatane limatha kupezeka muzitsogozo za zakudya.

Mukamalemba zakudya ndikusankha zakudya, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti thupi limafunikira mapuloteni a tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe ndi zinthu zomanga maselo ndi minofu. Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteni amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu metabolism. Puloteni yonse yokhala ndi michere yokhala ndi amino acid yokwanira ndimapulogalamu a dzira la nkhuku. Kusowa kwa mapuloteni oyipa kumapangitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphimba tsiku lililonse zofuna za thupilo. Ndi 1-1.5 g mapuloteni pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa munthu wathanzi.

Kusankhidwa kwazinthu

Simungapeze mafuta, mapuloteni ndi zakudya zamafuta mwanjira zawo zoyera, nthawi zambiri zopezeka muzakudya zimakhala ndi zinthu zonsezi mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kusankha zinthu, mutha kuziphatikiza bwino.

Chifukwa chake, mu theka la kapu kapena mkaka (1 XE) uli ndi 4 g yamafuta, 12 g yamafuta ndi 8 g ya mapuloteni, omwe amafanana ndi 75 kcal. Kutumizira kumodzi kwa nyama, nkhuku kapena nsomba (pafupifupi 30 g) imakhala ndi 5 g yamafuta ndi 7 g mapuloteni - komanso 75 kcal.Gawo la zinthu zokhala ndi wowuma (buledi, phala, pasitala, mbatata, kaloti, dzungu), zotengedwa mu 1 XE, muli 15 g yamafuta, 3 g ya mapuloteni komanso mafuta osachepera 1 g mafuta - zopatsa mphamvu 80 kcal. Masamba okhala ndi wowuma ochepa, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya kabichi, tomato, nkhaka, letesi, muli 5 g yamafuta ndi 2 g ya mapuloteni, ndipo mphamvu yamphamvu ndi 25 kcal yokha. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe amakonda kwambiri mitundu yonse ya odwala matenda ashuga. Zipatso zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ochulukirapo: umodzi womwe umatumikira mu 1 XE muli 15 g yamafuta, omwe ndi 60 kcal. Komabe, zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, choncho zimayenera kudyedwa zochuluka.

Zakudya zabwino kwambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga

Zipatso ndi zipatso: maapulo, makangaza, yamatcheri, gooseberries, currants, cranberries, lingonberries.

Masamba: kabichi, rutabaga, turnips, nkhaka, tomato, anyezi, letesi, amadyera.

Mbale: zopaka ndi zopaka.

Nyama: nyama yokonda, nsomba, bowa.

Mafuta: kefir, yogati, tchizi chamafuta ochepa, tchizi chamafuta ochepa.

M'malo mwa shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera - xylitol, sorbitol, fructose, saccharin, aspartame.

Zinthu Zoletsedwa komanso Zosafunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Zipatso ndi zipatso: mphesa, mphesa zamphesa, zipatso zamasamba, chinanazi chochepa, ma supimmons, ma apricots owuma, mitengo yamapiri, nthochi, zipatso, nkhuyu.

Zamasamba: mbatata zochepa ndi Yerusalemu artichoke.

Mbale: semolina, chimanga chocheperako ndi mpunga, bun yoyera, muffin.

Nyama: kusuta nyama, soseji, soseji, nyama yamafuta, nkhumba.

Zoweta: mkaka batala, tchizi, mafuta tchizi, zonona, mazira a nkhuku.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa gulu la matenda omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kuphipha kwamkodzo mthupi la munthu. Matenda a shuga a insipidus ndi matenda a endocrine system, koma samayenderana ndi kusintha kwa shuga wamagazi, chifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ndi matendawa, njira yowongolera kukodza imasokonekera, ndipo kuphwanya iko komwe kumachitika chifukwa chosakhalapo kapena zochepa zomwe zimapanga timadzi ta m'magazi - vasopressin. Vasopressin ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa mu hypothalamus ndipo chimasungidwa m'magazi ndi cerebrospinal fluid. Vasopressin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu m'thupi omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kapangidwe ka osmotic kazinthu zonse zamadzimadzi - magazi ndi madzi akunja. Ndi mahomoni awa omwe amakhala ndi madzi osalala, ndikuphwanya komwe thupi limasiya kugwira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane ndipo matenda a shuga amakhala.

Kuphatikiza apo, vasopressin imathandizira kukhalabe ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, imalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi ndikuwongolera chinsinsi cha mahomoni ena.

Matenda a shuga amatchedwanso shuga a "a impso", chifukwa impso zimakodza mkodzo wambiri ndi mphamvu yake yochepa, ndiye kuti, mchere wochepa. Kutayika kwakukulu kwa madzi mthupi kumapangitsa munthu kuti azikhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse. Matenda a shuga amayamba kubweretsa mavuto akulu kwa odwala omwe amakonda kukodza. Koma amaletsedwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, chifukwa izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti thupi lichepe kwambiri, kusowa tulo, chikomokere.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga insipidus

Matendawa amakula msanga ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikilo zomwe zili ndi vuto lililonse la matenda ashuga: ludzu losatha komanso kukodzanso. Masana, wodwalayo amamwa madzi okwanira malita 5 mpaka 20! Ngakhale zabwinobwino, chiwerengerochi ndi 1.5-2 malita. Madzi amadzimadzi onsewo amachoka m'thupi, ndipo wodwalayo amakumana ndi kukokana mosiyanasiyana, kukacheza kuchimbudzi pakatha mphindi 10 zilizonse. Koma thupi limayesetsa kufunafuna madzi, ndipo wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amathetsa ludzu. Pali bwalo loipa, lomwe limakhumudwitsa wodwalayo osati wamaganizidwe okha, komanso thupi.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte m'thupi kumasokonekera, munthu amayamba kufooka kwambiri, amachepetsa thupi, amayamba kulakalaka kugona komanso kugona, ndipo machitidwe ake amawonongeka kwambiri.Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za insipidus ya matenda akuluakulu zimaphatikizapo:

• kutsika kwa malovu,

• Kutambasula ndi kutsitsa m'mimba.

Ana, makamaka akhanda, amavutika ndi matendawa kukulira. Zizindikiro zoyambira ana:

• kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi,

• enuresis (kwamikodzo kugona).

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga insipidus

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga insipidus zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri. Choyamba, iyi ndi njira ya hypothalamus - gawo laubongo momwe timadzi tating'onoting'ono timapangidwira. Izi zimaphatikizapo zotupa ndi matenda otupa a muubongo, komanso kuvulala kwamisala muubongo. Nawonso, matenda obwera chifukwa cha hypothalamus angayambitse matenda opatsirana kwambiri: fuluwenza, tonsillitis, malungo ofiira, chifuwa chachikulu, matenda opatsirana pogonana, makamaka syphilis, ndipo makamaka amapezeka wofooka. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda a shuga a insipidus nthawi zambiri zimakhala matenda a autoimmune ndi vuto la mtima. Ngakhale kubereka kovuta kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta mu pituitary gland ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga insipidus.

Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimachulukitsa matendawa, ndikupititsa patsogolo kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni a antidiuretic. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda oopsa kapena kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, mowa ndi mankhwala ena amathandizanso: beta-blockers, clonidine, haloperidol ndi carbomazepine.

Matenda a shuga insipidus

Ngakhale zizindikiro zoyambirira zofanana za matenda ashuga komanso matenda ashuga, matenda awa ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake. Kusiyana kwakukulu - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumangokhala kwa shuga. Ndi matenda a shuga a insipidus, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, chifukwa shuga imayendetsedwa ndi insulin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda a shuga insipidus ndi mkodzo kwathunthu alibe shuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mphamvu ya mkodzo imachuluka ndipo amakhala ndi glucose, ndipo ndi matenda a shuga a shuga, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo nthawi zonse kumakhala kosavuta, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino.

Zonsezi zitha kuyesedwa mosavuta mothandizidwa ndi njira zowunikira kunyumba - mayeso ndi glucometer. Kuti mupeze chithunzi cholondola cha matendawa, kuyesedwa kwapadera kumachitika kuchipatala. Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi poyang'anira mosamala magawo ake onse ndikuwunika kusintha kwa magazi. Njira zamakono zodziwonera zimalola madokotala kusiyanitsa mosavuta shuga ndi matenda ashuga.

Mukazindikira matenda a shuga a insipidus, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, chifukwa kusankha chithandizo kumatengera izi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga insipidus

Chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga insipidus zimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Amakhala ndi zamankhwala ndikutsatira zakudya ndi zakudya. Ngati ili ndi chotupa muubongo, ndiye kuti opaleshoni, radiation ndi chemotherapy ndizofunikira. Mu zotupa zamagulu a ubongo, maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala ena odana ndi kutupa amapatsidwa mankhwala. Ndi neurogenic shuga insipidus, kukonzekera kwa desmopressin (mapiritsi kapena madontho) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndi mankhwala a nephrogenic shuga a insipidus, mankhwala a thiazide ndi potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'magawo onse awiri, kuyenda kwamadzi mthupi la wodwalayo kumachepetsedwa.

Kuperewera kwa antidiuretic timadzi timene timayenderana ndi kuperewera kwa hypothalamus kapena pituitary gland amathandizidwa ndimankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira omwe ali ndi vasopressin. Kuti alipire kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timasoweka, ma analogu ake opanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito - adiuretin kapena desmopressin. Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ngati kupopera kapena kutsitsa kwammphuno kawiri pa tsiku. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito - pitressin thanat. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu yayitali ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pakapita masiku atatu. Kuonjezera katulutsidwe wa mankhwala a antidiuretic, makonzedwe apiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito - tegretol, chlorpropamide, clofibrate ndi carbomazepine.Ndi nephrogenic shuga insipidus, thiazide diuretics ndi kukonzekera kwa lithiamu kumayikidwa.

Zakudya za odwala matenda a shuga a insipidus zimachokera pakumwa mafuta ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kudya pafupipafupi, kwaulere kumafunikira. Pazakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi shuga insipidus ayenera kukhala nyama, nsomba, mkaka, masamba, zipatso zatsopano, zitsamba. Odwala onenepa kwambiri ayenera kudya zakudya zama protein ndi mavitamini ambiri.

Mulimonsemo, dokotala amasankha mankhwalawo komanso zakudya. Matenda a shuga amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa moyo wawo, komanso matenda ashuga, ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi abwino kwambiri. Kukhala bwino kwa odwala kwathunthu kumatengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa regimen ndi kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala. Matenda a shuga amalola kumakupatsani thanzi labwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ngati munthu azitsatira zomwe dokotala amafuna ndikutsatira.

Mavuto a matenda ashuga

Ngati matendawa sanalandiridwe, zovuta za ziwalo zambiri zamthupi ndi machitidwe amthupi zimachitika. Choyamba, matendawa amakhudza ntchito ya chikhodzodzo, amachititsa kuti atambasuke. Mitsempha yam'mimba imapwetekanso, mtima - kuthamanga kwa mtima, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi, m'malo mwake, kumatsika. Mtsogolomo, zina, zovuta zazikulu kwambiri zimabuka: kugwira ntchito kwa impso ndi chiwindi kumasokonekera, mwa amuna potency amachepetsa, mwa azimayi, msambo ngakhale kubereka ndikotheka.

Odwala ena amayesa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa kuti apewe kupita pafupipafupi kupita kuchimbudzi. Ndizowopsa kuchita izi, chifukwa kuchepa kwa thupi, vuto la wodwalayo limakulirakulira: kufooka, kupweteka mutu, nseru zimayamba, kukhumudwa, kugwirika kwamisala ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika kwambiri, komanso kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka.

Mutu 4 Mankhwala Aachikhalidwe a Shuga

Njira zakuchipatala zachikhalidwe ndizothandiza kwambiri kuti thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga likwaniritse. Popereka njira yabwino matendawa, njirazi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Amatha kukhala chida chodziimira pawokha pochiza matenda a concomitant pathologies, kuti athetse mavuto omwe amadza ndi matenda a shuga (kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchulukitsa kwa matenda amitsempha yamagazi kapena kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje). Inde, njira zachikhalidwe zachikhalidwe siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa mankhwala omwe adalembedwa ndi dokotala: sizilowa m'malo mwa chithandizo chamankhwala, koma amathandizira wodwalayo kuthana ndi matendawa, kuthana ndi zovuta zamankhwala komanso kuthetsa mavuto osafunikira. Cholinga chachikulu cha njirazi ndikuthandizira thupi kuthana ndi matendawa pawokha komanso kuzolowera. Kuchiza ndi timadziti ndi zitsamba kumapereka zotsatira zabwino komanso zosatha, kulola wodwala matenda ashuga kukhalabe wathanzi komanso wogwira ntchito.

Chithandizo cha Madzi

Masamba azamasamba ndi zipatso ali ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso mashuga achilengedwe. Amakhala ndi phindu pa kapamba, amatulutsa ntchito yake. Zachidziwikire, timadziti si othandizira kuchepetsa shuga, koma amasintha momwe thupi limakhalira, amalimbitsa machitidwe ake onse, omwe ndiofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka panjira yovuta ya matendawa.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito timadziti, musaiwale kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndikuyesa kupatula shuga, zopangidwa ndi ufa, komanso zakudya zomwe zili ndi wowuma.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi madzi a apulosi, omwe ali ndi mavitamini A, C, D ndi B, omwe ali ndi michere: potaziyamu, magnesium, chitsulo, phosphorous, silicon, ndi zina zambiri.

Karoti wa karoti amakhudza bwino ziwalo za masomphenyawo, kupuma, mantha amthupi ndikuthandizira kuyeretsa thupi.

Madzi a apulo amathanso kumwa kwambiri - mpaka malita atatu patsiku.

Madzi ochokera ku udzu winawake ndi sipinachi ndizothandiza. Madzi a Celery amakhala ndi calcium mthupi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe calcium imayikidwa mkodzo.Kuphatikiza apo, udzu winawake umakhala ndi phindu m'maselo, umalepheretsa ukalamba ndipo umasintha matenda a mtima.

Tengani udzu winawake udzu wochepa - kuchokera theka mpaka kapu imodzi yamadzimadzi patsiku.

Spinach madzi amawonetsedwa makamaka chifukwa cha zovuta za shuga. Imakhala ndi phindu pamitsempha yamagazi, imathandiza pa matenda oopsa, nyamakazi, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zithupsa.

Apple Cider Vinegar Chithandizo

Apple cider viniga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti viniga ya apulo ya cider imatha kuphwanya mafuta ndikuchotsa m'thupi. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimaphatikizapo zidulo za zipatso, zomwe zimachepetsa chilimbikitso, makamaka maswiti.

Komabe, ndi mtundu wosakanizika wa matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta monga ketoacidosis, viniga cider viniga ndi chosakanizidwa.

Kuphika Viniga ya Apple Cider

Tengani kucha kwambiri, ngakhale maapulo ochulukirapo kapena ma scallops. Ndikwabwino ngati maapulo ali m'munda wawo womwe, wokula popanda feteleza wamankhwala ndikuwukonza ndi mankhwala oyipa.

Sambani maapulo bwino, kuwaza bwino kapena kuphwanya matope. Ikani misa yonse mu enamel poto, kuwonjezera shuga granulated pa 1 makilogalamu a maapulo okoma - 50 g shuga, ngati mutatenga maapulo wowawasa - onjezerani 100 g shuga. Dzazani ndi madzi otentha koma osatentha (pafupifupi 70 ° C). Madzi akuyenera kukhala a 3-4 cm kuposa mulingo wa maapulo. Ikani mphikawo pamalo otentha, koma osati padzuwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, osachepera 2 pa tsiku, sakanizani misa kuti isawume pamwamba. Pakatha milungu iwiri, pakanizani madziwo mu cheesecloth, ndikulungika mu zigawo ziwiri, ndikuthira m'mitsuko yayikulu kuti nayonso mphamvu, kuti masentimita 5-7 akhalebe pamwamba. Siyani milungu ina iwiri. Viniga wakonzeka.

Thirani viniga wosamala m'mabotolo, osagwedezeka ndikusunga chimbudzi pansi pa zotheka. Izi zimatha kusefedwa kudzera m'magawo angapo a gauze ndikuwonjezeranso mabotolo. Payenera kukhala malo pang'ono mpaka m'mphepete. Mabotolo a nkhumba (bwino kutsanulira parafini) ndikusungira m'malo amdima firiji.

Patula Chingwe cha tirigu

Wofalikira tirigu sakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma macro- ndi ma microelements ndi mavitamini, komanso ma enzymes omwe amalimbikitsa ntchito ya ziwalo zonse, amakhala ndi phindu pa kagayidwe, kusintha dongosolo la chakudya, komanso amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu komanso zolimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje.

Kuchokera ku tirigu wophukira muyenera kukonza phala kapena zakudya, zomwe zimathandiza odwala matenda ashuga tsiku lililonse chakudya cham'mawa.

Kuphika

Pogaya tirigu (tsiku ndi tsiku) mu chopukusira cha khofi kapena mince ndikuthira madzi otentha kapena mkaka wotentha muyezo wa 1: 1, koma osawiritsa. Phimbani poto ndi kuyima pang'ono firiji. Kenako ikani phala mu mbale, kuwonjezera supuni 1 ya batala ndi uchi pang'ono kapena kupanikizana. Idyani nthawi yomweyo. Momwemonso, zakudya zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku mbewu zamphepo zomwe zimamera.

Zomera zamankhwala

Zomera zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ya shuga ya mtundu uliwonse kulipidwa kuti muchepetse magazi, komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga. Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi zofanana ndi za insulin, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa kapangidwe kazinthu monga leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, mafuta acids, mchere ndi zinthu zina.

Nyemba wamba zimapangitsa kuchepetsa shuga, koma osati nyemba, koma nyemba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padera kapena ngati gawo la ndalama.

Kukonzekera nyemba za nyemba kumachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi maola 3-4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri insulin.

Pokonzekera mankhwala azitsamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba zatsopano komanso zouma.

Msuzi wa nyemba. Tengani 30 g (2 tbsp.) Mwa nyemba zosankhika zosakanizidwa ndikutsanulira makapu 11/2 madzi otentha. Ikani madzi osamba ndi kuwira kwa mphindi 15. Ndiye kupaka madzi ndi ozizira.Tengani chikho 1/2 katatu pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye.

Nyemba kulowetsedwa. Madzulo, ikani mu thermos 3 tbsp. supuni ya nyemba zouma, kutsanulira 0,5 malita a madzi otentha ndikusiya mpaka m'mawa. M'mawa, vutani ndi kumwa chimodzimodzi tsiku lonse: musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, chakudya chamasana komanso chakudya chamadzulo - theka la ola musanadye.

Pochiza matenda a shuga, sikuti zipatso zokha, koma masamba omwe amatenga nthawi ya maluwa. Ma Blueberries ali ndi mavitamini a B, ma organic acid, ma tannins, ascorbic acid ndi zinthu zina zam'mimbidwe. Chifukwa cha izi, ali ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa, diuretic, antibacterial ndi carminative zotsatira, zimasintha kagayidwe kake ndipo zimakhala ndi phindu pazakudya zam'mimba. Zothandiza osati zatsopano zokha, komanso zipatso zouma, zomwe zili ndi vuto logometsa.

Zipatso zatsopano komanso zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino matenda a shuga - impso, matumbo, enursis ndi m'mimba.

Komabe, wamphamvu achire zotsatira zake zimapangidwa ndi masamba a mabulosiwe okhala ndi hypoglycemic wothandizira, mertillin.

Decoction wa masamba a mabulosi. Tengani 3 tbsp. supuni ya masamba obudula mabulosi, kutsanulira 3 makapu madzi otentha, chivundikiro ndi kutentha mu kusamba kwa madzi kwa mphindi 15. Chotsani kutentha ndi firiji firiji. Imwani kapu imodzi ya zakumwa 1 katatu patsiku musanadye.

Kulowetsedwa kwa mabuliberiya. Thirani makapu 2 a madzi otentha 3 tbsp. spoons a zouma mabulosi. Tsekani chivundikirocho, kukulunga ndi kulimbikitsa kwa maola 5. Mutha kukonzekera kulowetsedwa mu thermos. Tengani 1/1 chikho 5-6 pa tsiku tsiku lonse.

Dandelion yamankhwala

Zipangizo za mbewuyo ndi mizu ya mbewu, yomwe imakhala ndi ma resin ndi ma organic acid, mchere wamchere ndi mavitamini. Mankhwala wowerengeka, omwe akupanga kuchokera ku mizu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwonjezere kamvekedwe ka matumbo ndi ntchito ya chimbudzi, monga okodzetsa. Koma koposa zonse, mizu imakhala ndi chinthu chofanana ndi insulin - inulin - yomwe imachepetsa shuga la magazi. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kalekale mu shuga.

Ngati kapamba, chiwindi ndi ndulu zimasokonezeka, zosunga zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: madzi a dandelion, karoti, nettle ndi chicory.

Kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion mizu. Madzi ozizira owiritsa (chikho 1) kutsanulira supuni ziwiri za mizu ya dandelion yozizira. Ikani malo ozizira kwa maola 8, ndiye mabani. Tengani kangapo mumadontho angapo tsiku lonse, osasamala chakudya.

A decoction a mizu ya dandelion. Tengani 3 tbsp. supuni ya mizu yosweka ndi kutsanulira 2 makapu amadzi. Valani moto ndikubweretsa chithupsa, ndiye sungani kutentha pang'ono kwa mphindi 15. Tsitsani yankho ndikuzizira. Tengani 1 chikho chimodzi 2 pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye.

Walnut

Ma Walnuts ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamafuta ndi mafuta, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda a shuga aphatikizane nawo muzakudya. Mtedza umathandiza kwambiri anthu onenepa. Ndi matumbo kukanika kwa matenda ashuga, kuphatikizika kwa masamba ndi magawo a mtedza ndi njira yabwino.

Kulowetsedwa kwa mtedza magawo. Pogaya masamba ndi magawo a mtedza. Tengani 1 tbsp. supuni yaiwisi ya zinthu ndi kutsanulira 1 chikho madzi otentha. Phimbani, kukulani ndikukakamira m'malo otentha kwa maola 3-4. Tengani chikho 1/4 4 pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye.

A decoction a mtedza masamba. Tengani 3 tbsp. supuni ya achinyamata akanadulidwa mtedza masamba ndi kutsanulira 1 chikho madzi otentha. Phimbani ndikusamba mumadzi osamba kwa mphindi 10. Kenako ikani pansi pa chivundikiro kwa ola limodzi. Ndiye mavuto. Tengani decoction ya 1/2 chikho 3 pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye. Makamaka ogwira gawo loyambirira la matenda ashuga.

Zomera

Chomera ichi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga kuyambira Greece ndi Roma wakale. Plantain amasonyezedwa makamaka pamitundu yovuta ya shuga.Chifukwa chakuchiritsa kwake komanso kuteteza mabala, chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mimba omwe amachitika m'matumbo a shuga, komanso kuchiza zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba.

Kulowetsedwa kwa plantain. Tengani 2 tbsp. supuni therere chomera ndi kutsanulira 1 chikho madzi otentha. Valani mbale ndi kutentha mumtsuko wamadzi kwa mphindi 30. Kenako ozizirani pang'ono kutentha kwa firiji ndi mavuto. Bweretsani kulowetsedwa ku voliyumu yake yoyambirira. Tengani 1/2 chikho cha kulowetsedwa 3 pa tsiku kwa mphindi 15 musanadye.

Plita yotseka. Pochiza mitundu yovuta ya matenda ashuga, madzi atsopano a plantain amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amatengedwa ndi mawonekedwe oyera kapena kuchepetsedwa pakati ndi uchi wa uchi, 1 tbsp. supuni 3 pa tsiku kwa mphindi 15 musanadye.

Mizu wa Ginseng

Chomera ichi, kapena m'malo mwake, chili ndi mavitamini A, C, E ndi B, mafuta acids, mafuta ofunikira, zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, wowuma, tannins ndi pectin, ma resins, shuga ndi nzimbe ndi zinthu zina zothandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Muzu uli ndi tonic ndi analgesic zotsatira, umakhudza kwenikweni machitidwe onse amthupi, makamaka chikhodzodzo, umathandizira pakulekanitsidwa kwa bile, komanso umathandizanso mamvekedwe a minofu ya mtima, kusinthana kwa mpweya m'mapapu, kuphatikiza kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa magazi.

Ginseng muzu ndiwothandiza pa gawo lililonse la matenda ashuga komanso mwanjira iliyonse yamatendawa. Imangophatikizidwa kokha ndi kusangalala kwamphamvu kwamanjenje, kuthamanga kwa magazi, tachycardia.

M'mafakitala, mowa tincture wa mizu amagulitsidwa, womwe umatha kukonzekera wokha kunyumba.

Ginseng tincture pa mowa. Muzimutsuka muzu wa ginseng m'madzi ozizira ndikuwumitsa, kenako ndikupukuta bwino mpaka kukhala ufa. Thirani ufa ndi 40% mowa, mutamwa 10 g ya 1 ginseng iliyonse. Tsekani mbale ndi chivindikiro ndikuyika m'malo amdima. Kuumirira kwa masabata anayi. Ndiye unasi ndi kufinya bwino kudzera cheesecloth. Tengani madontho 15, kusungunula iwo mu kapu yamadzi, katatu pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye. Njira ya mankhwala ndi mwezi umodzi, ndiye masabata awiri - yopuma. Zitatha izi, bwerezani mankhwalawa.

Kukhota tambala

Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtima ululu wa matenda a shuga, komanso matenda a metabolic (kunenepa kwambiri), zovuta pamafupa (gout, arthrosis), matenda a khungu mu mawonekedwe a eczema, dermatitis ndi furunculosis.

Masamba a nettle ali ndi mavitamini C ndi K, ma tannins ndi ma organic acid. Mankhwala, kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a nettle ndi msuzi watsopano kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tengani madzi atsopano kuchokera ku masamba a nettle supuni 1 katatu patsiku.

Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle. Pogaya 2 tbsp. supuni ya masamba a nettle ndikudzaza ndi 1 chikho madzi otentha. Tsekani chivundikiro ndi kutentha mumadzi osamba kwa mphindi 15. Ndiyezizirani kwa mphindi 45 ndikuvutikira. Tengani makapu 0,5 4-5 pa tsiku 15-20 mphindi musanadye.

Decoction wa chisakanizo cha nettle ndi buckthorn. Tengani 1 tbsp. spoonful wa wosweka masamba a nettle ndi barkthorn bark, kutsanulira chisakanizo cha 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ndi kuwira pa moto wochepa kwa mphindi 15. Ndiye mavuto ndi ozizira. Tengani 1 chikho cha msuzi 4 pa tsiku, mosasamala chakudya. Njira ya mankhwala ndi milungu iwiri.

Ndalama zochepetsa shuga

* Tengani 1 tbsp. spoonful wa dandelion masamba, Blueberry masamba, lingonberry masamba ndi dioica nettle masamba. Sakanizani zonse bwino, ndiye 1 tbsp. kutsanulira supuni ya osakaniza 11/2 chikho madzi otentha ndi kuwira kwa mphindi 5 pa moto wochepa. Unasi ndi ozizira. Tengani chikho 1/2 katatu pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye.

* Sakanizani 1 tbsp. spoonful of nyemba nyemba, masamba a Blueberry, masamba a nettle ndi masamba a dandelion. Kenako 1 tbsp. kutsanulira spoonful wa osakaniza 1 chikho cha madzi otentha, kuphimba mbale ndi chivindikiro ndi kunena kwa mphindi 30. Unasi ndi ozizira. Tengani chikho 1/3 3 pa tsiku kwa mphindi 10 musanadye.

* Tengani 1 tbsp. spoonful wa sitiroberi masamba, mbalame ya phiri wokongoletsa, masamba dandelion ndi masamba chicory.Sakanizani zonse bwino, ndiye 1 tbsp. Kutola supuni kutsanulira 1 chikho madzi otentha. Phimbani ndi simmer kwa mphindi zisanu pa kutentha kochepa. Pambuyo pake, tsimikizani kwa ola limodzi pansi pa chivindikiro, kenako mavuto. Tengani 1/3 chikho 1 nthawi patsiku 15 mphindi musanadye.

* Pangani zosakaniza zotsatirazi monga zitsamba 1 supuni: masamba a dioica nettle, masamba a Blueberry, masamba a blackberryberry. Tengani 1 tbsp. supuni ya osakaniza ndi kudzaza ndi madzi otentha (1 chikho). Wiritsani pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi zisanu ndikuvutika. Tengani 1 tbsp. supuni 3 pa tsiku musanadye.

* Tengani 1 tbsp. spoonful ya chimanga stigmas, 3 tbsp. masamba a mabulosi abulu masamba, 1 tbsp. spoonful wa akanadulidwa duwa m'chiuno ndi supuni 1 la maluwa osabereka. Sakanizani zonse bwino. Kenako 1 tbsp. kutsanulira supuni ya osakaniza 11/2 chikho cha madzi otentha, ikani moto pang'ono kwa mphindi 5. Kenako ikani pansi pa chivundikiro kwa ola limodzi. Zovuta. Tengani chikho 1/2 katatu pakudya.