Mlingo wa glucose wa amuna a mibadwo yosiyana

Chiwerengero chovomerezeka chamagazi chimadalira zaka, chimaperekedwa pagome lapadera lotchedwa "Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna." Izi ndizofunikira, kuti munthu athe kuwunika wathanzi la wodwalayo kapena kuzindikira matendawo omwe amayenda nthawi yayitali. Mulingo wamagazi m'magazi umafotokozedwa ndi malire a 4.22-6.11 mmol / l, komabe, amatha kupitilira malire ovomerezeka chifukwa cha njira ya pathological mu thupi.

Kodi shuga ndimagazi

Shuga ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga magazi ndimagazi, omwe amakonzedwa ndi kapamba. Gawo lazolimbitsa thupi la endocrine limayang'anira ntchito yopanga mahomoni insulin ndi glucagon. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti kusungitsa bwino kwazinthu zamagulu m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, insulin ndiyo imayendetsa shuga m'magazi, pomwe glucagon imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake a hyperglycemic. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuphwanyidwa, chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi a munthu sichimayang'aniridwa malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso. Kuzindikira mwatsatanetsatane komanso chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndichofunikira.

Mulole shuga wamagazi amuna

Mwamuna wamkulu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwinobwino sangadandaule, chizindikiro chimakhalabe pamalire ovomerezeka. Komabe, kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane za kufunika kwake sikungakhale kopusa. Machitidwe ovomerezeka a shuga m'magazi amadziwika kuti 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l, ndipo kusintha kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba wamthupi laimuna, thanzi komanso dongosolo la endocrine. Phunziroli limatenga madzimadzi achiberekero, omwe ali chimodzimodzi kwa odwala ang'ono ndi achikulire. Ndi shuga wambiri, ndi kale matenda omwe amafunikira kuthandizidwa.

Mndandanda wa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi

Ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga pafupipafupi, kotero amuna achikulire amalimbikitsidwa kuti agule glucometer kuti agwiritse ntchito kunyumba kuti apewe kupewa. Ndikofunika kuyeza asanadye, ndipo ndi mlingo wambiri, kutsatira zakudya zochizira. Musanapereke magazi kwa shuga, ndikofunikira kufunsa ndi endocrinologist zokhudzana ndi magawo ovomerezeka. Pansipa pali mfundo zovomerezeka za glucose malinga ndi mtundu wa wodwalayo.

Zaka za wodwala, zaka

Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna, mmol / l

Mitundu ya shuga yamagazi mwa amuna

Amawonetsedwa kuti muukalamba shuga m'thupi umakwera, motero malire ovomerezeka amawonjezedwa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa wachinyamata. Komabe, kuchuluka kotereku sikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi ma pathologies akuluakulu, pakati pazomwe zimapangitsa kudumpha kowopsa mu glucose, madokotala amasiyanitsa zowerengera za chakudya, zolimbitsa thupi ndi kusinthasintha kwa testosterone, kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoipa, ndi kupsinjika. Ngati chizolowezi cha shuga chamagazi mwa amuna sichikupezeka, gawo loyamba ndikupeza etiology ya pathological process.

Payokha, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe thupi lilili, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuti chidziwitsocho chikhale cholondola momwe mungathere, khalani ndi mayeso a labotale m'mawa komanso nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zakudya zoyambirira zokhala ndi shuga komanso zakudya zama shuga zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri zimapereka zotsatira zabodza. Kupatuka kuchoka pazizolowezi sikuyenera kupitirira 6.1 mmol / l, koma mtengo wotsika umaloledwa - osachepera 3.5 mmol / l.

Kuti muwone shuga, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zamadzimadzi zotulutsa, koma choyamba sonkhanitsani deta ya anamnesis. Mwachitsanzo, wodwalayo sayenera kudya chakudya, ndipo tsiku lotsatira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kuti muchepetse kuyankhidwa koyipa. Ngakhale kutsuka mano m'mawa ndikosayenera, chifukwa kutsuka mano komwe kumakhala ndi zonunkhira kumatha kuyambitsa kupitilira malire ovomerezeka. Kukula kwa shuga kuchokera m'mitsempha kumafotokozedwa m'malire a 3.3 - 6.0 mmol / l.

Uku si kawirikawiri koma kophatikizanso mayeso othandizira ma labotale kuti apezeke matenda a shuga komanso kupewa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, kusanthula kotereku kumachitika muubwana ndikuwonekera kwa zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa glucose mu madzi achilengedwe. Kwa ana, pali malire. Ponena za abambo akuluakulu, ngati mutenga magazi kuchokera pachala, zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi 3.3-5.6 mmol / L.

Ngati chizolowezi chovomerezeka chitha, dokotala amatumiza kuti adziwonetsenso, monga njira - cheke chapadera chololeza chofunikira. Nthawi yoyamba madzi a capillary amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, makamaka m'mawa, ndipo chachiwiri - maola angapo atatha kudya magalamu 75 a shuga. Muyezo wa shuga mwa abambo wazaka 30-55 ndi 3.4 - 6.5 mmol / L.

Ndi katundu

Ndi ntchito yochepera yolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi a thupi kumafanana ndi chizolowezi chovomerezeka, koma chikakula, chimatha kudumphira mosayembekezereka. Mphamvu ya zochita za njira yotereyi imafanana ndi momwe munthu akumvera, pomwe kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsidwa ndi mavuto amanjenje, kupsinjika kwakukulu, mantha.

Kuti muthandizike pakukonzekera mankhwalawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse machitidwe olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, pomwe timaloledwa kuwonjezera njira zamankhwala, koma popanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo mopitirira muyeso. Kupanda kutero, hypoglycemia imayamba. Kuchepetsa kotereku, komwe kumakula mwa akulu, kumapangitsa vuto la kugonana, kumachepetsa kukondana.

Ndi matenda ashuga

Shuga amakwezedwa, ndipo chizindikiro choterocho chimakhala chovuta kukhazikika pamtengo wovomerezeka. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika nthawi zonse momwe madzi obwera azisamba, makamaka chifukwa cha mita iyi ya shuga wamagazi anagulidwa. Chizindikiro chimatengedwa kuti ndi chowopsa kuyambira 11 mmol / l, mukalandira mankhwala mwachangu, kuyang'anira achipatala. Manambala otsatirawa amaloledwa - 4 - 7 mmol / l, koma zonse zimatengera mawonekedwe a chithunzi china cha matenda. Zina mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika, madokotala amatha kusiyanitsa matenda ashuga, zotsatira zoyipa za wodwala wodwala.

Ma Horoni omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya mthupi

Carbohydrate metabolism ndimachitidwe ovuta kuwongolera momwe mahomoni, coenzymes, ndi metabolites amakhudzidwira.

Ma mahomoni omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya umaphatikizapo:

• Peptides: insulin ndi glucagon.
• Glucocorticosteroid: cortisol.
• Catecholamine: adrenaline.
• Insulin imakhudzidwa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zikakhudzidwa, kuchepa kwake kumatsata - izi zimatchedwa hypoglycemia. Kuphatikizika kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa ndi mulingo wa chakudya m'magazi. Mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia ungayambitse kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni mu kama wamitsempha, pomwe hypoglycemia, m'malo mwake, imachepetsa kaphatikizidwe ndi katulutsidwe.
• Glucagon imathandizanso kayendedwe ka chakudya. Ndiwotsutsa mwachindunji wa insulin. Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni, glycogen imasweka mpaka glucose, pambuyo pake zomwe shuga zimatuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa mafuta. Kuphatikizika kwa mahomoni ndi ma α-maselo a zilumba za Langerhans mu kapamba amakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'mimba.

• Cortisol imapangidwa mumtundu wa adrenal, imalimbikitsa kupanga glycogen mu minofu ndi chiwindi, ndipo izi zimawonjezera ntchito. Amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga pama cell. Udindo ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakakhala kusamvana kwakukulu kwa minofu, kukhudzana ndi zotupa zamphamvu kwambiri, kusowa kwa mpweya (hypoxia). Kenako amapanga cortisol yochulukirapo, yomwe imapatsa thupi kutengera zochitika zamphamvu izi, zotchedwa nkhawa reaction.
• Adrenaline imapangidwa mu adrenal medulla. Zimawonjezera kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba, kuchepa kwa glycogen kwambiri m'minyewa, ndikufulumizitsa gluconeogenesis (kupanga shuga), imathandizanso kubwezeretsa minofu. Kupanga kwa adrenaline kumadaliranso pamfundo yamanjenje. M'mikhalidwe yambiri yoipa, kuchuluka kwa adrenaline kumawonjezeka.

Mavuto owonjezera shuga

Mlucose wochuluka samabweretsa phindu, koma, m'malo mwake, umawononga. Kenako werengani zomwe simungadye ndi shuga wambiri.

Shuga owonjezera amatha kuyambitsa mavuto osafunikira:

• Maonekedwe akumafupa, kukula kwamafuta,
• Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, yomwe nthawi zambiri imabweretsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis,
• Kukula kwa pathological njira kapamba, kuphwanya insulin,
• Ziwengo
• Kukula kwa phlebothrombosis.

Malangizo pakuyamwa kwa shuga:

• Chakudya chomaliza chiyenera kukhala chopitilira maola asanu ndi atatu apitawa.
• Mukatha kudya, zomwe zili ndi shuga ndizopambana kupukusa koyambirira - izi ndizotsatira zachilengedwe ndipo palibe chifukwa chosangalalira.
• Kusanthula kumachitika maola awiri kapena atatu chakudya chitatha.

Zizindikiro zakuzindikira matenda ashuga

Simungathe kuweruza matenda ashuga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumangodalira zotsatira za kusanthula kamodzi, chifukwa chake adotolo ayenera kuchititsa kafukufuku wathunthu, ataphunzira zowerengera.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kuli pafupifupi 3.5-6.9 mmol / l, ndiye kuti izi zimawonetsedwa ngati chithunzi pamlingo wovomerezeka, koma ngati shugayo ndiwokwera, ndiye kuti izi zitha kumuchenjeza ndikukayikira matenda. Kuwerengera kwa glucose wamagazi ndi gawo lazankhwala.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi:

• Ludzu pafupipafupi
• Chikhumbo chachikulu
• Kukodza kambiri,
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi,
• Maonekedwe a zilonda zoperewera ndi mabala pakhungu.
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kukula kwa mphaka
• Kukula kwa dzanzi m'malo otsika.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Pali mayeso ambiri kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga, ena aperekedwa:

• Kuthamanga magazi mayeso (njira yosankhira kuzindikira matenda ashuga, chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, sizoyenera kudya pafupifupi maola asanu ndi atatu mpaka khumi, mutha kuwerenga zambiri zamomwe mungakonzekere kusanthula kuno),
• Kuyeserera kwa shuga m'magazi (njira inanso yowonjezera yovomerezeka ndi matenda a shuga, mayeso samatengera kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe chadutsa kuchokera pamene mudadya, simuyenera kukana chakudya musanawunikidwe),
• Mayeso a kulolera a glucose (Nthawi zambiri zimachitika polimbana ndi matenda a shuga kapena kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chakudya chambiri m'thupi, koma matenda a shuga akadali kukayikiridwa)
• Kudziwa hemoglobin wa glycated (glycated hemoglobin watsimikiza mtima kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi mpaka khumi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagazi).

Kuopsa kwa hyperglycemia

Ndi kudziwikiratu kwakanthawi kwa zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, kukula kwa zovuta zambiri kungapeweke:

• Kupika kwamchere wamchere,
• Kutopa konse,
• Kupukusa mutu
• Zouma mucous nembanemba
• Khungu loyera
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kuchepa kwamawonedwe owoneka (retinopathy),
• Kukula kwa mitsempha. Zokhudza momwe tingachitire ndi neuropathy yam'munsi yakunyumba, tidalemba pano,
• Matenda am'mimba
• Kupanga kwa ketonuria (kutulutsa matupi a acetone),
• Ketoacidosis (imatha kudzetsa matenda ashuga).

Mchere wotsika

Anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia pomwe glucose imatsika pansi 3.3 mmol / l, zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zambiri zowopsa m'moyo.

Kuwonetsera koyambirira kumachitika pamene zomwe zili ndi shuga ndizochepa kuposa 4.0 mmol / l. Mwa anthu ambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera molawirira, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zoyambira zotsika:

• Chisoni, kutopa,
• Ntchentche pamaso panu
• Kusakwiya
• Njala
• Kuchuluka kwa milomo
• Kutukwana
• Kutalika kwa miyendo
• Kuchulukitsa kwa mtima.

Kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga kumabweretsa zotsatirazi:

• Kutalika kwa chidwi,
• Chikumbumtima chosokonezeka
• Khalidwe lachilendo.

Nocturnal hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwa chakudya chamagulu m'maloto, amawonedwa kwambiri mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin:

• Vuto la kugona
• Ululu m'mutu ndi m'mimba
• Kutopa kwam'mawa
• Zofunda Zambiri chifukwa cha thukuta lochulukirapo.

Hypoglycemia yopanda matenda a shuga imatha kuchenjeza za matenda ena omwe angakhalepo:

• Kusala kudya
• Kuledzera,
• Hypothyroidism,
• Insulinoma
• Nthawi ya bere
• Wodala nkhawa adrenal ntchito.

Kusintha kulikonse kwa chakudya chamagulu (kuchepa / kuwonjezeka) kumafuna:

• Funsani katswiri wodziwitsa kapena mankhwala,
• Yesani mayeso ofunikira,
• Ngati matendawa akhazikitsidwa kale, ndiye kuti kuwongolera shuga kumakhala kofunikira kuti muteteze zovuta zoyipa.

Udindo wa shuga mthupi

Pankhani yakusowa kwa glucose yomwe imachokera kunja, thupi la munthu limayendetsa mafuta ake. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa matupi a ketone, omwe amatha kupha thupi ndi kudzikundikira kwakukulu. Choyamba, maselo aubongo amavutika ndi izi. Ngati glucose yemwe amabwera nthawi ya chakudya alibe nthawi yoti ma processor azikonzedwa, ndiye kuti amatumizidwa kwa chiwindi, komwe amawasunga ngati glycogen. Zofunika zikangowoneka, zimasinthidwanso kukhala michere ndipo zimatumizidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za thupi. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mwa zaka).

Momwe mungakonzekerere phunzirolo

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso a shuga wamagazi (onse, biochemical, shuga, immunological), kotero okonzekerani ayenera kukhala osiyana. Musanagonjere zomwe zalembedwedwa, simuyenera kudya zakudya ndi zakumwa. Mukamadya, insulin imasungidwa kuti isinthe ma monosaccharides. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira menyu musanadutse kusanthula. Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo zimachulukitsa glucose ngakhale atatha maola 10-12. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti maola 14 adadutsa kuchokera ku chakudya chomaliza.

Koma izi sizifukwa zokhazokha zomwe zikukhudza zotsatira za kusanthula kwakukulu. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalingaliro, matenda opatsirana, ndi zovuta zina. Zotsatira zakuwunika zimasintha mukamayenda asanapite kuchipatala. Ndipo kuphunzitsidwa pamasewera olimbitsa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kulakwitsa kwambiri mayeso, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kukana izi tsiku limodzi musanatenge zitsanzo. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira za kusanthula sizikuwonetsa chithunzi chowona.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugone bwino usiku, ndipo simuyenera kudandaula m'mawa, ndipo kulondola kwa zotsatira kudzakhala kwakukulu. Komanso musamadikire kuti mukakonzekere kupita ku dokotala, ndibwino kuti mudzayese mayeso musanakonzekere ngati pali zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Khungu
• ludzu lalikulu
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kuchepa thupi mwachangu popanda chifukwa
• furunculosis pakhungu,
• matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.

Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Potere, kuwonjezera pa kusanthula glucose, ndikofunikira kupenda magazi a glycated hemoglobin, omwe angathandize kuzindikira bwino. Kawiri pachaka, muyenera kupita ku chipatala kukayezetsa shuga kwa munthu wathanzi. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus, nthawi zina kuyezetsa kumachitika kangapo patsiku (ndi glucometer) kuti apatseni insulin bwino komanso zakudya zapadera. Muyezo wamagulu a shuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, 50 ndi 60 afotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Kulekerera kwa glucose

Kuyesaku kumadutsa pambuyo poyesedwa koyambirira kwa shuga. M'madzi ofunda (voliyumu ya 200 ml), magalamu 75 a shuga ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndikuledzera. Pambuyo maola awiri, magazi amatengedwanso. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo asadye, osamwa, koma amangokhala kwa maola awiri, apo ayi zotsatira za kusanthula zidzakhala zolakwika. Ngati matendawa atha kufooka, ndiye kuti kupsinjika kwa shuga kudzakhala 7.8-11.1 mmol / L. Ngati matendawa adayamba kale, ndiye kuti manambala adzakwera kwambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika ndi izi:

• vuto la mtima
• pachimake ubongo
• acromegaly.

Mulingo wotsika umatheka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chotupa cha ma pancreas kapena insulinoma yopanga insulin yayikulu.

Momwe shuga amaziyendetsera

Muyezo wapamwamba wa shuga wamagazi kwa amuna, komanso wa ana ndi kugonana koyenera, umayendetsedwa ndi chinthu cha mahomoni - insulin. Chigawo chotsika chimayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

• glucagon - amatumiza maselo apadera omwe ali ndi kapamba,
• adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, komanso ma glucocorticoid mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland,
• England chithokomiro chili ndi maselo ake omwe amawonjezera shuga,
• amalamula kuchokera ku hypothalamus ndi gitu planditary yomwe imayambitsa gren adrenal.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitsempha ya visceral imatha kusinthanso njira ya mahomoni. Gawo la parasympathetic limachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, pomwe gawo lazachifundo limawonjezera.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wamagazi mwa amuna ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / L. Okwatirana sakukhudzana ndi zomwe zili mumutuwu. Phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yabwino njirayi ndi nthawi ya m'mawa, chakudya chisakhale m'thupi la munthu kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Matenda komanso kusowa tulo zimatha kukhudza zotsatira zake. Nthawi zambiri, biomaterial imatengedwa kuchokera pakati chala. Kodi shuga ya magazi yovomerezeka mwa abambo ndi yotani?

Kuzunzika kovomerezeka sikuyenera kudutsa pakhomo la 5.6 mmol / L. Magazi a venous akatengedwa, mulingo woyenera udzakhazikika kuyambira 4.0 mpaka 6.1. Matenda a glucose chiwopsezo amadziwika pamlingo wa 5.6-6.6 pamimba yopanda kanthu. Matendawa amatchedwa kulolerana ndipo amatchedwa harbinger wa matenda oopsa a shuga. Kuti muzindikire matenda oyenera, kuyesedwa kwa labotale kwa kulekera kwa mapiritsi a glucose kuyenera kuchitika.

Ngati zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwaposachedwa kupitirira 6.7 mmol / l, ndiwo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Komabe, kuyesa kowonjezereka kumafunikira kuti zitsimikizike kuti matendawo ndi olondola:

• kuyeserera kwapadera kwa glucose,
• kusanthula mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• fotokozerani kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated.

Mukatha kudya, shuga yovomerezeka ya shuga sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L. Ngati mulingo wabwinobwino, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kuti thupi silikusintha.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Madzi Akuluakulu a shuga

Kodi nambala yaphwanyidwa? Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu amuna kumatha kuwonjezeka, koma izi sizichitika chimodzimodzi. Ngati munthu alibe zizolowezi zoyipa ndipo amadya moyenerera, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi:

• kusuta
• mowa
• kudya kwambiri, komwe kumakhala chakudya chamafuta,
• matenda ashuga
• zopsinjika pafupipafupi
• kugwiritsa ntchito ma diuretics, steroid, komanso njira zakulera,
• matenda endocrine
• matenda a ziwalo zamkati, mwachitsanzo, impso, kapamba.

Zakudya kuti muchepetse shuga

Mafuta ochulukirapo amatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuthetsedwa kwa chakudya chamafuta, zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu zotsatirazi:

• chakudya chofulumira
• muffin, confectionery ndi shuga,
• mankhwala okazinga, osuta,
• marinade
• madzi ochokera kumafupa,
• kaboni kaboni komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Kuti muchite ma metabolic munjira yofananira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito izi:

• masamba ndi masamba
• zipatso ndi zipatso
• tiyi wobiriwira
• nyama yatsopano
• nsomba zam'nyanja
• mtedza.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kukwera miyendo kuyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya choyenera.

Shuga wochepa

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwa amuna zimafotokozedwa pamwambapa), zomwe zimachepera atatu mmol / l. Izi matenda amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Zomwe zimayambitsa: kupsinjika, kugona nthawi yayitali, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mowa komanso matenda ashuga. Hypoglycemia ndi matenda oopsa, chifukwa chomwe kupatsa kwamunthu mpweya mu ziwiya zaubongo kusokonezeka. Chifukwa cha njala ya oxygen, kupuma kumatha kuchitika. Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi:

• chizungulire ndi kufooka wamba,
• kugunda kwa mtima
• mutu wokhazikika
• malaise kwambiri, thukuta,
• spasms ndiyotheka.

Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, abambo athanzi amayenera kuwunika kawiri pachaka.

Momwe mungabwezerere shuga kukhala wabwinobwino

Ndi zopatuka zazing'ono kuchokera pazovomerezeka, zitha kuwongoleredwa ndi njira yamagetsi. Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imadziwika pambuyo pakupezeka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna. Mankhwalawa amangokhala ochulukirapo, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka muzakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, simuyenera kudya mikate yoyera, zinthu zokhala ndi shuga, pasitala, mbatata, vinyo, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza tomato, kabichi, nkhaka, anyezi, nyemba, dzungu, udzu winawake.

Osadandaula kwambiri ngati hypoglycemia yapezeka pambuyo poyesa shuga wa magazi mwa amuna. Chizolowezi, monga tanena kale, chimakhala pafupifupi mamililita atatu / l, koma ngati zotsatira zake ndizochepa, ndikulimbikitsa kuwonjezera mapuloteni, omwe amapezeka mokwanira mu zinthu zamkaka, mumphaka wopanda, nyemba, ndi mtedza. Njira zodzitetezera za shuga ndi magazi ochulukirapo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso kulimbitsa thupi mokwanira. Ndi shuga wambiri wokhudzana ndi matenda a ziwalo zamkati zomwe akukhudzidwa ndi kufalikira kwa glucose, ndikofunikira kuchitira matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a chiwindi, kapamba, England.

Ndi hyperglycemia yotsika kwambiri, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, koma osachulukitsa mapangidwe a insulin. Ngati insulin ikusowa, muyezo umodzi wa mankhwalawa umaperekedwa kwa wodwala aliyense, womwe umathandizidwa mwachangu.

Pomaliza

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika zimadalira mwachindunji zaka komanso zimakhala ndi malire, kuti aliyense athe kuwunika momwe alili ndipo ngati zingakhale zovuta, afunsane ndi dokotala. Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga akangoyambira kucheza ndi akatswiri kuchipatala, amapeza mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Shuga wamba wamagazi

Akuluakulu (osachepera azimayi, ngakhale abambo), kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kuyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse palimodzi komanso osakwera kuposa 5.5 mmol / lita. Manambalawa amakhala ndi malire, omwe amawonetsa kuti, ngati bambo ndi mkazi ayesedwa shuga m'mimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuti maphunzirowa akhale odalirika, muyenera kukonzekera bwino ndendende. Chakudya chotsiriza musanapite ku chipatala sikuyenera kupitirira maola 8 - 14, ndipo mutha kumwa zakumwa zilizonse.

Glucose abwinobwino azikhala mumtunda wa 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita ngati magazi aperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo zinthu zowunikirazi zimatengedwa kuchokera pachala (magazi a capillary).

Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zotsatira za kusanthula kwa plasma ya capillaries ndi magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ndizosiyanasiyana. M'magazi a venous a amuna ndi akazi, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa m'magazi a capillary ndi 12 peresenti ndipo amafikira 6.1 mmol / lita.

Palibe kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa amuna ndi akazi (sikuyenera kupitirira 5.5 mmol / lita), koma kutengera mtundu wa munthu, pali njira zina.

Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi, kutengera zaka, wagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• Ana obadwa kumene (kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka milungu inayi) - 2.8-4.4 mmol / lita.
• Ana a zaka zakubadwa mwezi umodzi mpaka zaka khumi ndi zinayi - 3,3-5.6 mmol / lita.
• Achinyamata kuyambira azaka khumi ndi zinayi ndi akulu mpaka zaka 60 - 4.1-5.9 mmol / lita.
• Anthu azaka zopuma pantchito kuchokera pa zaka 60 mpaka zaka 90 - 4.6-6.4 mmol / lita.
• Gulu la zaka 90 ndi 4.2-6.7 mmol / lita.

Pali zoterezi pamene ndende ya shuga imachokera ku 5.5 mpaka 6.0 mmol / lita. Poterepa, amalankhula za mkhalidwe wam'malire (wapakatikati) wotchedwa prediabetes kapena, mwanjira ina, kulekerera kwa glucose.

Mutha kupezanso nthawi yokhala ndi vuto logona glycemia.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amuna kapena akazi ndi wofanana kapena kupitirira mtengo wa 6.0 mmol / lita, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Kutengera nthawi yomwe munthu akudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amuna kapena akazi popanda matenda a shuga:

1. - m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu - 3.9-5.8 mmol / lita,
2. - tisanadye nkhomaliro, komanso chakudya chamadzulo - 3.9-6.1 mmol / lita,
3. - ola limodzi mutatha kudya - osapitirira 8.9 mmol / lita - izi ndi zofunikira,
4. - maola awiri mutatha kudya - osapitirira 6.7 mmol / lita,
5. usiku pakati pa maola awiri mpaka anayi, muyezo sikuchepera 3.9 mmol / lita.

Kuyesa kwa gluu

Pali njira ziwiri zodziwira kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe ali m'magazi, ndikuzindikira zomwe zili kale kapena ayi:

• Pamimba yopanda kanthu.
• Pambuyo pakukweza thupi ndi shuga.

Njira yachiwiri imatchedwa mayeso a kulolera glucose. Njira yowunikira iyi ndikuwonetsa kuti wodwalayo amapatsidwa zakumwa zokhala ndi magalamu 75 a shuga ndi 250 milliliters amadzi. Pambuyo maola awiri, amapereka magazi kwa shuga ndipo zimawonekera ngati mulingo wake wabwinobwino.

Zotsatira zodalirika kwambiri zimatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati maphunziro awa awiri achitiridwa wina ndi mzake. Ndiye kuti, yikani kaye kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo pakatha mphindi zisanu wodwalayo amamwa yankho lomwe lili pamwambapa kenako ndikuzindikiranso mulingo womwe shuga ali.

Pambuyo pake, mutha kukonza zotsatira ndi mndandanda wazakudya za glycemic.

Zikakhala kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga kapena amakhala ndi mayeso olondola a shuga (glucose), mulingo womwe shuga amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.

Zomwezi zimagwiranso kwa ana. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ndi munjira iyi kokha kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa thupi m'thupi kumatha kutsatiridwa munthawi yake, komwe pambuyo pake kumatha kuwopseza osati thanzi labwino komanso moyo wa munthu.

Momwe mungayesere magazi anu nokha

Pakadali pano, kuyesedwa kwa shuga sikungachitike kokha kuchipatala, komanso kunyumba. Chifukwa chaichi, zida zapadera zotchedwa glucometer zidapangidwa. Mu zida zogwiritsira ntchito palokha, zitsulo zosabala zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo zala zolumikizidwa ndikulandira dontho la magazi, komanso mikwingwirima yapadera yoyesera yomwe imawonetsa shuga ndi mulingo wake wabwinobwino mwa amuna ndi akazi.

Munthu amene akufuna kudziwa kuti ali ndi shuga m'magazi ayenera kubaya khungu lakumapeto kwa chala chake ndi chala cham'mimba ndikuthira magazi omwe amaponya. Nthawi zambiri izi zimathandiza kuzindikira zizindikiritso za matenda omwe amayamba ndi matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pake, Mzere umayikidwa mu mita, yomwe pazenera masekondi angapo ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kuwunikira komwe kumachitika motere kumakuthandizani kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola komanso kudziwa kuti shuga ndi ndani komanso ngati zili zabwinobwino mwa amuna ndi akazi kuposa njira zomwe magazi a capillary amatengedwa kuchokera kumalo ena kapena kufufuza kumene kumachitika popanda kutenga magazi konse.

Tanthauzo la shuga m'moyo wa munthu

Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakulirakulira kwambiri ndipo izi sizikulinso kwina, ndipo pakusala kapena pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, shuga wa magazi amachepa.

Ikalowa m'matumbo, shuga imalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin yambiri m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe chiwindi chimayamba kuyamwa mwachangu shuga ndikuyisintha kukhala glycogen.

M'mbuyomu, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga, akulu ndi ana amalephera kudya shuga.

Koma mpaka pano, zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kuti shuga ndi glucose ndizofunikira kwa thupi, ndipo zimadziwikanso kuti ndizosatheka kusintha zina. Ndi shuga omwe amathandiza munthu kukhala wolimba, wamphamvu komanso wokangalika, ndipo ziwalo zonse zofunika ndi machitidwe zimagwira ntchito momwe ziyenera kuchitira ndipo ndizomwe zimachitika.

Kodi glucose m'thupi ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, shuga m'magazi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamphamvu mthupi. Molekyulu yama glucose ikagonjetsedwa, mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire zofunikira za thupi. Kuposa theka la mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi zimapangidwa nthawi ya shuga oxidation.

Gwero lalikulu la shuga m'thupi ndi:

• mamolekyu a sucrose ndi wowuma omwe amalowa m'thupi pakudya,
• glycogen wopangidwa ndi minyewa ya chiwindi
• ma amino acid ndi mkaka wa m'mawere.

Magazi a glucose amathandizidwa ndi mahomoni a hypoglycemic - ma insulin ndi ma contrainsular mahomoni (glucagon, mahomoni okula, thyrotropin, mahomoni a chithokomiro, cortisol ndi adrenaline).

Kodi ndewu yamagazi yomwe imapezeka mwa abambo imawunikidwa liti?

Kusanthula uku kukuwonetsedwa ku:

• akuwoneka kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga wodwala,
• kukhalapo kwa minofu yambiri ya adipose,
• kulolerana kwa shuga,
• pachimake kapena matenda a chiwindi ndi aimpso,
• kuphwanya kwa mahomoni ophatikizika a chithokomiro.
• kukomoka kwa adrenal,
• matenda a hypothalamic-pituitary system,
• kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga mwa wodwala.

Komanso, kafukufukuyu ndiwofunika pafupipafupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo kuti aziwunika momwe mankhwalawo alili.

Pamaso pa zizindikiro ziti zomwe shuga ikhoza kuyikiridwa wodwala?

Miyezi yambiri ya shuga yomwe ikukwera iyenera kukayikiridwa ngati wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro monga:

• kutopa kwamatenda,
• ulesi
• kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi, chizungulire,
• Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chakudya,
• mawonekedwe a ludzu la m'magazi, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa diuresis, kuyanika kosalekeza kwa mucous membrane,
• kulimbikira
• kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu yakubwezeretsa thupi (ngakhale mabala ang'onoang'ono amachiritsa kwanthawi yayitali),
• zotupa pakhungu,
• kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zowoneka bwino,
• maliseche
• Kuchepetsa kuyendetsa zogonana ndikuwonongeka kwamphamvu mwa amuna,
• kuphwanya kayendedwe kathupi, pafupipafupi matenda obwera ndi bakiteriya, matenda opatsirana pachimake, etc.,
• pafupipafupi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, etc.

Momwe mungapezere mayeso a shuga wa magazi?

Kutsimikiza kwa shuga kumachitika mosamalitsa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zowonetsedwa mwamphamvu, kuyeserera kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi glucose (mayeso a glucose kulolerana) kungachitike.

Asanapereke magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi akadali kuloledwa.Kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi, khofi, koloko, zakumwa za shuga, ndi zina zotere.

Komanso, tisanawunike, timaletsedwa kusuta. Masiku awiri lisanawunitsidwe, mowa uyenera kupewedwa.

Ngati ndi kotheka, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena odwala matenda ashuga, muyeso wa shuga umachitika masana.

Mikhalidwe yodziwira matenda ashuga

Ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga, chofunikira chodziwikiratu ndicho kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamilingo khumi ndi imodzi pa lita imodzi kuyezetsa magazi mosasamala (ndiko kuti, mosasamala nthawi ya chakudya chomaliza).

Komanso, kupezedwa kwa matenda ashuga kumapangidwa pamene shuga la magazi lapezeka kuposa:

• mamililimita asanu ndi awiri pa lita imodzi posankha kusala kwama glucose,
• mamilimita khumi ndi imodzi lita limodzi patatha maola awiri atayeza mayeso a glucose pakamwa.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga achulukane kwa amuna

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi kumatha kuonekanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi:

• shuga mellitus (woyamba ndi wachiwiri),
• mitundu yotsimikiza yokhazikika ya hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa glucose pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, panthawi yovuta, pambuyo pa kusuta, chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwa adrenaline mwa odwala omwe akuwopa jakisoni, etc.),
• pheochromocytomas, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, acromegaly, somatostatinomas,
• zotupa zoyipa ndi zopweteka za kapamba (kapamba),
• cystic fibrosis,
• hemochromatosis,
• matenda aimpso ndi a chiwindi.
• zotupa mu ubongo
• ischemic necrosis ya myocardial tishu,
• matenda a autoimmune limodzi ndi kupanga ma antibodies kupita ku ma insulin receptors mu zimakhala.

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuwonedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala a thiazide, mankhwala okhala ndi khofi, glucocorticoids, etc.

Kodi ndi liti pomwe pali kuchepa kwa glucose pakuyesedwa kwa magazi?

Hypolipidemic zinthu zitha kudziwika motsutsana ndi maziko a:

• hyperplasia, adenomas, insulin, kapamba carcinomas,
• islet alpha cell kusowa,
• adrenogenital syndromes,
• kuchepa kwa mahomoni opanga chithokomiro.
• prematurity (mu makanda) kapena kuchepa kwa hypoglycemia (chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga mwa mayi),
• kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga,
• kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa chiwindi,
• matenda oopsa a chiwindi
• hepatic carcinomas,
• neoplasms yoyipa ya adrenal glands, m'mimba, matumbo, fibrosarcomas, etc.,
• osiyanasiyana anapeza komanso kobadwa nako Fermentopathies (glycogenosis, kusokonezeka kwa galactose, fructose),
• magwiridwe antchito ndi yogwira hypoglycemia odwala gastroenterostomy, postgastroectomy, chapamimba ndi matumbo motility zovuta, zosiyanasiyana autonomic matenda,
• kutalika kwa njala,
• syndromes ya malabsorption a michere mu matumbo mucosa,
• poyizoni wazinthu monga arsenic, chloroform, anti-allergen mankhwala,
• kuledzera
• kuledzera motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda opatsirana oyamba,
• Matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zazitali komanso zopweteka,
• kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
• Chithandizo cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi anabolic steroid othandizira, propranolol ®, amphetamines, etc.

Chithandizo cha matenda a glucose metabolism mwa amuna

Mankhwala onse ayenera kutumikiridwa kokha ndi endocrinologist, kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a carbohydrate metabolism. Kudzichiritsa nokha kumatha kubweretsa kukulitsa zovuta zazikulu, ngakhale imfa.

Chithandizo chaukweza shuga wambiri ndi zitsamba ndi njira zina zochiritsira sikuchitika.

Kuphatikiza pa kukonzekera kwa insulini ndi mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, chakudya chomwe chimawerengeredwa mosamala magawo a mkate amasankhidwa kwa odwala. Komanso, ndikofunikira kusintha magawo olimbitsa thupi, kugona ndi kupuma, kuchita miyeso yokhazikika ya glucose pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, etc.

Miyezo ya glycemic yoyenera malinga ndi zaka

Chiyeso cha mulingo wa shuga m'dera la Russian Federation ndi mtengo wa millimol pa lita imodzi (mmol / l). M'mayiko ena, shuga amayesedwa m'magawo a milligrams pa desilita (mg / dl). 1 mmol / L = 18 mg / dl. Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa anyamata (kuyambira azaka 20 mpaka 40) ndi 3,3-5,5 mmol / l. Kwa anyamata ndi achinyamata pa nthawi yakutha msambo, chizindikirochi chimatha kuchepera, kwa amuna azaka za 60+ - pang'ono pang'ono. Izi sizoyambitsa matenda, chifukwa mphamvu ya minofu ya insulin imachepa ndi zaka.

Mndandanda wazisonyezo za glycemic, mukuganizira zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa shuga wathanzi umasiyanasiyana mwa 4,2-6,6 mmol / l. Mchere wochepetsedwa wa shuga umatchedwa hypoglycemia, ndipo wokwera umatchedwa hyperglycemia. Osamadzidziwitsa. Kuunika kwa thanzi lomwe thanzi lanu lingathe kuperekedwa kokha ndi dokotala potengera ma microscopy a labotale.

Njira Zakufufuzira Ma labotale

Kuyesedwa koyambira kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika mwa kutenga capillary kapena venous biological fluid (kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha). Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikuwunikira kwa mawunikidwe pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zakudya zilizonse, ngakhale zili ndi gawo lama carbohydrate, zimakhudza mafuta am'magazi a plasma, ndikuwonjezera phindu. Zambiri zofunikira zitha kupezeka ndi miyeso yothamanga.

Zina zoletsa kukonzekera ndizophatikiza:

• Zotsuka zam'mawa zam'mawa (zamkamwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi shuga),
• zakumwa zoledzeretsa (osachepera masiku atatu chisanachitike kusanthula),
• mankhwala (kupatula mankhwala ofunikira).

Chungamu sichikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa sucrose ilipo pakapangidwe kake. Poyeza magazi a venous, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumawunikidwa limodzi. Pankhaniyi, akuyerekeza payokha kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka cholesterol ("cholesterol yoyipa") komwe kali mu plasma komanso kuchuluka kwa osalimba a lipotropics ("cholesterol yabwino"). Matenda a shuga a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hypercholesterolemia.

Kamodzikamodzi glycemia - si shuga. Kuti mutsimikizire kapena kutsutsa kuti wapezeka kuti mwazindikira, pamafunikanso kufufuza mayeso ena. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingasokoneze zotsatira za ma labroscopy? Choyambirira, kukonzekera kolakwika kwamadzulo

• kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
• maswiti olemera,
• kumwa mowa
• mkhalidwe wosakhazikika wamaganizidwe (kupsinjika).

Komanso, zotsatira za phunziroli zimakhudzidwa ndi chithandizo cha mahomoni ndi kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana.

Kuzindikira Kwambiri

Njira zowonjezerapo za kupeza shuga kwa amuna, akazi ndi ana zimaphatikizapo:

• glucose kulolerana mayeso (GTT),
• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa HbA1C - glycated hemoglobin ("mapuloteni abwino").

Kuyesedwa kwa kulolera kwa glucose kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musankhe osati shuga, komanso malire am'malire a prediabetes, pomwe kukula kwa matendawa kungathe kupewedwa. Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika kawiri: pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola 2 mutatha "katundu". Chifukwa chake, kuyankha kwa thupi kuma chakudya kumawunika. Ntchito yotumiza imayimbidwa ndi yankho la madzi amchere. Ndi kusanthula kochulukirapo, zitsanzo zamagazi a shuga zimachitika mphindi 30 zilizonse.

Zotsatira zakufufuza

Glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin imapangidwa ndi zoletsa za hemoglobin ndi glucose. HbA1C imazindikira kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ndi shuga m'thupi, ndiye kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni abwino. Kutalika ndi kupatuka kwa zizindikiro za HbA1C pofika zaka:

Kusantaku kumakuthandizani kuti mufufuze kupindika kwa shuga kuti mupeze nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi maselo ofiira a magazi (masiku ofiira a magazi), omwe ali masiku 120. Ndi zotsatira zabwino pafupipafupi, wodwalayo amatumizidwa kwa endocrinologist kuti asiyanitse mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kumachitika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies kuti glutamate decarboxylase (ma GAD antibodies).

Mlingo woyendera

Kwa anthu akuluakulu, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu. Munthu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amalandila thandizo kuchokera kwa ochiritsira kuti ayesedwe ndi njira zowunikira zovuta. Kuphatikiza pa mayeso amachitidwe, amuna azaka 50+ amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilamulira glycemia kamodzi pachaka. Ndi malaise mwadongosolo, shuga amayenera kufufuzidwa osadikirira tsiku lomaliza.

Zizindikiro zakutsukidwa

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakula pambuyo pa zaka 30. Zomwe zimatha kukhala kutengera kwa chibadwa kapena moyo wopanda thanzi. Matendawa samachitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa chake zizindikiro zoyambirira zimakonda kuzindikirika. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa abambo chifukwa chosasamala zaumoyo kapena kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoyipa.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga:

• Kutsitsa kamvekedwe ndi ntchito, kufooka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakhoza kwa thupi kuyamwa mokwanira shuga omwe akubwera, zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa mphamvu.
• Kusinza kwambiri mutatha kudya. Kudya zokha kumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, kutopa ndi kufunitsitsa kugona.
• Polydipsia (kumverera ludzu kosatha). Zakudya zamagetsi zomwe zimasokoneza thupi zimakwiyitsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi (thupi), ndipo thupi limafunafuna zolipira madzi osungira.
• Pollakiuria (pafupipafupi pokodza). Mitsempha ya mkodzo imachuluka chifukwa cha kuchepa komweko mwa impso zamadzi aulere.
• Kuyendetsa magazi mosasunthika (kuthamanga kwa magazi). Izi ndichifukwa chakuphwanya kapangidwe ka magazi ndi magazi.
• Polygaphia (chilimbikitso chowonjezeka). Kumverera kwa satiety kumayang'aniridwa ndi hypothalamus (gawo la ubongo) molingana ndi chitsimikizo cha kuphatikiza kwa insulin. Kulephera pantchito yopanga ndi kutengera timadzi timeneti timayambitsa vuto la kudya. Kudya kosalamulirika kumayambitsa mapaundi owonjezera.
• Sinthani mumakhalidwe oteteza khungu komanso kusinthasintha kwa khungu ndi miyendo ya khungu ku miyendo (hyperkeratosis). Hyperglycemia imapangitsa khungu kukhala louma. Zowonongeka zamakina ku khungu la khungu (khungu) limakhala likuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikalumikizana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, njira zoyipa zimayamba. M'malo okhala ndi keratinized, desquamation (exfoliation) imalephera. Nthanthi sizichoka kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Hyperhidrosis (kutulutsa thukuta kwambiri). Kusagwirizana mu endocrine kumadodometsa kusuntha kwa thupi.

Kwa abambo, chizindikiro chamakhalidwe chimatha kuchepa kwa libido (chilakolako chogonana) ndi kuthekera kwa erectile. Hypoglycemia ndi gawo lamoyo momwe kuchuluka kwa glucose sikupita 3,3 mmol / L. Zizindikiro za shuga wochepa wamagazi ndi:

• Kukhazikika kwa chizolowezi (nthawi zina kumapangitsa kuti musakhale ndi chikumbumtima chochepa). Mutu wapafupipafupi. Zizindikirozi zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Kulowerera mwaulere kwa minofu ya mwendo (kukokana). Kuwonetsedwa chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa michere ya mitsempha ndi capillaries ya zotumphukira.
• Ziwopsezo za njala, kulemera kwa dera la epigastric (epigastric), nseru zitatha kudya. Amayamba chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kuthekera koyamwa moyenera shuga (kusowa kwa glucose).
• Kuphwanya kwa thermoregulation. Chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, munthu amakhala akumazunzidwa kwambiri. Kulephera kwa kayendedwe ka magazi kumadzetsa magazi osakwanira kumiyendo, kuyambira izi mikono ndi miyendo imazizira.

Mwadongosolo, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa ntchito ya chapakati mantha dongosolo (chapakati mantha dongosolo) chifukwa cha kukalamba kwa mpweya (ubongo hypoxia) zikuwonetsedwa:

• asthenia (kufooka kwa neuropsychic),
• ataxia (kusokoneza kayendedwe)
• kusokoneza chidwi
• tachycardia (palpitations)
• kugwirana chanza (kugwedeza),
• ntchito zachepa (kukumbukira, magwiridwe antchito),
• kusakhazikika kwa m'maganizo (kusakhazikika kwina kosinthika kumaloledwa ndi malingaliro osayang'ana pazomwe zikuchitika).

Anthu ambiri omwe amatsata chakudya kuti ayambe kunenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto lotsegula thupi (hypoglycemia) (kusiya kuyimitsa thupi). Nthawi yomweyo, munthu amadya chakudya chololedwa chokha ndikukwaniritsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Hyperglycemia

Cholinga chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikukhazikika kwa matenda ashuga. Mwa amuna akuluakulu, matendawa amapezeka molingana ndi mtundu wachiwiri. Chizindikiro cha mtundu uwu wa shuga ndikudziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku jakisoni wa insulin. Kasitomala sikuletsa kupanga mahomoni. Kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwa insulin m'maselo komanso kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magazi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia zimaphatikizira kutupa kwa kapamba wamakhalidwe osachiritsika (kapamba), ma process a oncological mthupi, kupangika kwakukulu kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (hyperthyroidism), pre-infarction kapena pre-stroke state (stroko ndi kugunda kwa mtima m'mbiri), kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni ena kuchitira pathologies ena. Chifukwa chenicheni chakukulitsira shuga sichitha kuwululidwa pokhapokha atatha kufufuza bwino kwambiri zamankhwala.

Hypoglycemia

Kukula kwa kufooka kwa shuga kungayambitse:

• Zakudya zoperewera (kusakwanira kudya micro- ndi ma microelements ndi mavitamini m'thupi).
• Zakumwa zosagwira bwino zophatika mafuta osavuta. Mukamadya maswiti, shuga amawonjezeka kwambiri, koma amadyedwa mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwa magazi m'magazi.
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe sizigwirizana ndi mphamvu ya thupi. Pankhaniyi, malo osungirako shuga amawonongeka - glycagon, yomwe imayambitsanso hypoglycemia.
• Tsoka Kukhala kwokhazikika mumkhalidwe wamavuto amisala kungayambitse kuwonjezeka komanso kuchepa kwa shuga.

Kulowa m'mimba (poizoni) komanso kuchepa kwa minofu ndi maselo kungayambitse kuchepa kwa shuga.

Zotsatira zakuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi aamuna

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, vuto la hypoglycemia lingakhale loopsa pakukula kwa chikomokere. Popanda matenda a shuga, shuga wochepa amachepetsa chifukwa chomwa shuga wambiri komanso kuchepetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa amuna kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zowopsa kwambiri:

• Supombosis Ndi hyperglycemia, magazi amakhala akachuluka, zimakhala zovuta kuti azizungulira kudzera m'matumbo. Kusasunthika kumayambitsa magazi.
• Matenda a mtima ndi stroko. Kusasinthika kwa magazi kophatikizika ndi cholesterol komwe kumayikidwa m'mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi kumasokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi kumtima ndi kuzungulira kwa ziwalo.
• Mavuto a Potency. Chifukwa chosakwanira magazi ndi okosijeni kumtundu wa amuna, kukonzekera kwathunthu sikungachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, hyperglycemia imalepheretsa kupanga testosterone (mahomoni akuluakulu amuna ogonana), omwe amatsogolera poletsa chilakolako chogonana. Shuga wokwezeka wa nthawi yayitali amawopseza kukokoloka kwa erectile (kusabala).
• Kulephera kwa impso. Madzi akumwa kwambiri omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha polydipsia amathandizira impso, chifukwa chomwe zimayambitsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkodzo zimayamba.

Momwe mungasungire manambala abwinobwino

Ngakhale kupatuka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa shuga kuchokera munthawi yovomerezeka sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda osachiritsika a endocrine - matenda ashuga. S shuga "yoyenda" mwadongosolo imawonetsa kusokonekera kwa metabolic ndi kusakhazikika kwa mahomoni. Mutha kupewa matenda potsatira malamulo a moyo wathanzi.

Mfundo zofunikira ndizakudya zoyenera malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ambiri, fiber fiber, pectin, kuchotsedwa kwa zakudya zamafuta ndi mbale zomwe zimakonzedwa m'njira zofunikira kuyambira pachakudya cha tsiku lililonse, kutsatira boma la kumwa (1.5 - 2 malita a madzi patsiku), kumwa mavitamini A, E, ndi B-magulu, ndi kufufuza zinthu (chromium, zinc, manganese, magnesium).

Masewera olimbitsa thupi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndikukhalanso ndi mpweya wabwino, kukana zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi chikonga ndizofunikanso. Kuti mupeze vuto lomwe limachitika munthawi yantchito ya thupi, abambo amafunika kuyendera dokotala pafupipafupi ndikuwunika mayendedwe a glucose.