Kupewa kwa Matenda a shuga Ana

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa, omwe, mwatsoka, amakhudza onse akulu ndi ana. Mapeto ake, mavuto obwera ndi insulin komanso kuyamwa kwa shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala obadwa nawo, motero ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa mwana yemwe amatengera matendawa kuti akhale ndi moyo wina kuyambira ali mwana. Kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi zovuta zake mtsogolo.

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Momwe mungapewere "matenda a shuga"

M'banja momwe muli odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi ana ndi matenda amtunduwu ndiwokwera kwambiri, komanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa iwo akamakula. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano palibe njira zopewera zodziwika bwino zopewera kuwoneka ngati nthenda yowoneka bwino iyi.

Ngati banja lili ndi abale omwe akudwala matendawa, zonse zomwe makolo angapangire mwana wawo ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga:

  • kuyambira ukhanda, chitetezo chabwino kwambiri chidzakhala kuyamwitsa, popeza mkaka wachilengedwe umakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mwana ndikumuteteza kumatenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga,
  • Ukalamba, kudya zakudya zoyenera kumakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti shuga azikhala wathanzi. Popeza ali ndi zaka zapamwamba, ana ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti muyenera kudya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, nsomba ndi chimanga. Makolo ena pofuna kupewa banja lonse amasinthidwa kukhala chakudya chamafuta ochepa, chomwe sichimalola chitetezo cha mthupi kuwononga maselo a beta.
  • muyenera kuphunzitsa mwana wanu kumwa. Makolo ayenera kuwonetsa mwachitsanzo chawo kuti ndikofunika kumwa madzi mphindi 15 musanadye. Aya ndi magalasi awiri amadzi oyera oyera tsiku lililonse. Mwachilengedwe, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyiwala za zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi
  • ngati pali zoopsa zokhala ndi matenda ashuga, mwana amalembetsa ndi endocrinologist. Pitani kwa akatswiri osachepera kawiri pachaka,
  • ndikofunikira kuwongolera kulemera kwa ana. Kulemera kopanda tanthauzo komanso chidwi chambiri ziyenera kuwachenjeza akuluakulu,
  • makolo akuyenera kuwunikiranso momwe kugona kwa mwana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti atenga nthawi yokwanira kumasewera akunja, makamaka poganizira kuti masiku ano ana pafupifupi kuchokera kubomalo amakopeka ndi kompyuta, yomwe imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali osavomerezeka.
  • Mutha kuyang'ana magazi kuti apezeka ngati pali ma antibodies (ngati alipo, ndiye kuti nkotheka kale kupewa matenda).
  • ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi kuzindikira prediabetes. Pachifukwa ichi, pali mayeso amachimake,
  • kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kudzachepa ngati sitilola kudzikundikira kwa ma virus ndi matenda mthupi la mwana zomwe zitha kukhala chisonkhezero champhamvu chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kukhazikitsa njira za autoimmune,
  • samalani mankhwala aliwonse mosamala, chifukwa angayambitse zosokoneza mu chiwindi ndi kapamba,
  • popewa matenda ashuga mu ana, ndikofunikira kulabadira kutonthoza mtima kwawo, kulumikizana ndi anzawo komanso momwe mumalera. Kupsinjika Kwakukulu, Mantha ndi Mantha zimatha kuyambitsa chisangalalo chokhacho, komanso zimapangitsa kukhala matenda oyipa, monga matenda a shuga.

Khanda

  • Kufotokozera Matenda
  • Zizindikiro ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana
  • Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga ana
  • Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa ana
  • Kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana

Matendawa amadziwonekera pamtundu wosiyana. Pali matenda ashuga mwa akhanda. Ndiwobadwa mwachilengedwe, koma kufalikira kwake kumakhala kotsika. Matendawa amafala kwambiri pakati pa ana azaka 6 mpaka 12. Kutupa kwa thupi la mwana, kuphatikiza chakudya chamthupi, kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kwa munthu wamkulu. Mkhalidwe wamagetsi wosasinthika motsutsana ndi maziko awa umakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mwana akadali aang'ono, matendawa amawonjezereka.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka mu 1-3% ya akuluakulu. Ana akudwala mu 0.1-0.3% ya milandu.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana kuli ngati matenda akulu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa muubwana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi boma la kapamba. Zambiri zake ndizochepa: pofika zaka 12, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 12, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 50. Njira yopanga insulin imasinthidwa kukhala zaka 5, kotero nthawi yochokera pa zaka 6 mpaka 6 mpaka 12 ndiyofunika kuti chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala, ndichizolowezi kugawanitsa shuga m'mitundu iwiri: matenda a shuga a insulin komanso osadalira insulin (1 ndi 2, motsatana). Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ana amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Zili kwa iye kuti gawo lotsika la insulini limadziwika.

Makolo ayenera kuyang'ana mbali zina pamakhalidwe a mwana kuti athe kuwona dokotala posachedwa. Matenda a shuga amayamba msanga ngati chikomokere cha matenda ashuga chikuchitika munthawi yake.

kamwa yowuma ndi kukhumba kosalekeza,

kukodza pafupipafupi, pamene mkodzo umakhala wowuma,

kusanza ndi kusanza

kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamawonedwe,

kususuka kwa chakudya chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi,

kufooka, kutopa ndi kusakwiya.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi ndiye maziko opita kwa dokotala. Adzafotokozera mayeso ofunikira, pamaziko awo omwe angatulukire kuzindikira koyenera.

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimaphatikizapo mawonetseredwe amodzimodzi. Zizindikiro zosadziwika zitha kuzindikirika ndi makolo. Awa ndi madandaulo kuchokera kwa mwana zokhudzana ndi mutu wokhazikika, kusachita bwino komanso kutopa.

polyuria, kapena kwamikodzo kugona. Makolonu makolo a ana molakwika amatenga chizindikiro ichi pakuyamba kugona kwamkodzo usiku. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyamba za matenda ashuga,

polydipsia, limodzi ndi kumva kukoma kwa ludzu. Mwana akhoza kumwa mpaka malita 10 amadzimadzi patsiku, ndipo pakamwa pouma padzatsalira,

kuwonda kwambiri pambuyo pa chilimbikitso chowonjezereka, kapena polyphagy,

maonekedwe a kuyabwa pakhungu, mapangidwe ake a pustular. Khungu limakhala louma,

pambuyo pokodza, kuyamwa kumawonekera kumaliseche,

kutuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezera (malita oposa 2 patsiku). Mtundu wake ndi wopepuka. Urinalysis ikuwonetsa kukwera kwapadera komanso mawonekedwe a acetone. Mwina kuwoneka kwa shuga mkodzo, sikuyenera kukhala kwabwinobwino,

kuyezetsa magazi kwachangu kumawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi opitilira 5.5 mmol / L.

Ngati mwana akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuzindikira nthawi yake ndi chithandizo choyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Pali zifukwa zambiri za matenda ashuga mwa ana. Mitu ikuluikulu ndi:

cholowa. Matendawa amafala kwambiri abale. Makolo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi ana omwe amadzazindikira msanga. Matendawa amatha kuchitika panthawi yamatumbo, komanso pa 25, ndi 50. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi apakati, chifukwa placenta imamwa bwino ndipo imalimbikitsa kudzikundikira komwe kumapangitsa ziwalo ndi minyewa ya mwana wosabadwayo,

matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus. Sayansi yamakono yamankhwala yatsimikizira kuti rubella, nthomba, mumps (mumps) ndi hepatitis ya viral imasokoneza kapamba. Zikakhala zotere, makina a chitukuko cha matendawa amaperekedwa m'njira yoti ma cell a chitetezo cha munthu amangowononga maselo a insulin. Koma kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kumabweretsa matenda a shuga pokhapokha ngati tili ndi mavuto obadwa nawo,

kudya kwambiri Kulakalaka kwambiri chakudya kungayambitse kunenepa kwambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka pazopanga zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta: shuga, chokoleti, zinthu zotsekemera za ufa. Chifukwa cha kudya pafupipafupi kwa chakudya chotere, katundu pa zikondamoyo zimachuluka. Kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a insulin kumabweretsa kuti iwo ukuleka kupangidwa,

otsika magalimoto. Kusagwira ntchito kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ndipo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosalekeza kumathandizira ntchito ya maselo omwe amayang'anira kupanga insulin. Momwemo, shuga m'magazi ali ndi malire,

chimfine chimalimbira. Chitetezo cha mthupi, chayang'anizana ndi kachilomboka, chimayamba kupanga ma antibodies kuti chilimbana nawo. Ngati zoterezi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza, ndiye kuti dongosolo limatopa, ndipo chitetezo chimachepa. Zotsatira zake, ma antibodies, ngakhale palibe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, pitilizani kupanga, kuwononga maselo awo. Pali vuto lina la kapamba, chifukwa chake kupanga kwa insulin kumachepa.

Mndandanda wa zabwino kwambiri chitetezo chokwanira!

Pakadali pano, mankhwala sanapeze njira yomwe ingachiritsiretu mwana matenda ashuga. Mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndi kupukutira kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili ndi makolo ake (kapena kudziimira pawokha, kutengera zaka za mwana) kumachitika pafupipafupi.

Chithandizo choyenera, kusowa kwa zovuta komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya mwana kumatipatsa mwayi wolosera zinthu zoyenera pamoyo komanso ntchito zina.

Sayansi yamakono yamankhwala ikugwira ntchito yopanga matenda a shuga m'magawo angapo:

njira zopweteketsa mtima komanso zopweteka zoperekera insulin kukonzekera thupi la mwana zikupangika,

kufalikira kwa maselo a pancreatic omwe amachititsa insulin katulutsidwe akufufuzidwa

Njira ndi mankhwala amayesedwa, ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makulidwe a mwana asinthidwe.

Endocrinologist amathandizanso pa matenda a shuga.

Gawo loyambirira la matendawa litha kukonzedwa kuchipatala.

Mu ana, chithandizo chimayamba ndikusankhidwa kwa chakudya choyenera, chogwirizana ndi adokotala ndikusintha malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kuphatikiza zakudya ndizofunikira, monga mwana amalandira mankhwala angapo masana. Zakudya zawo zimatengera nthawi yakudya. Malangizo a mankhwalawa amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, apo ayi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimawerengedwa motere: - Kadzutsa - 30%, - nkhomaliro - 40%, tiyi wamadzulo - 10%, chakudya - 20%. Makamaka chidwi chikuyenera kuwerengera zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo. Zokwanira patsiku siziyenera kupitirira magalamu 400.

Mndandanda wathunthu wazomwe mungathe kudya komanso zomwe simungathe kudya ndi matenda ashuga, komanso kufunika kwa chidziwitso cha glycemic!

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa insulin ndi maphunziro a angioprotectors. Othandizira othandizira ndi mankhwala a vitamini, hepatotropic ndi choleretic.

Insulin, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ana odwala matenda ashuga, imagwira ntchito mwachidule. Kukonzekera kwa Protofan ndi actropide kuli ndi malowa. Chipangizocho chimaperekedwa mosagwiritsa ntchito cholembera syringe yapadera. Izi ndizothandiza komanso zimalola kuti mwana aphunzire kupereka mankhwalawa nthawi inayake popanda thandizo lakunja.

Muzochitika zovuta kwambiri, kupanikizika kwa kapamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusintha kwathunthu kwa chiwalo kapena gawo lililonse kumachitika. Koma pali chiopsezo chokana, mawonetseredwe amachitidwe a chitetezo chamthupi chachilendo komanso kukula kwa zovuta mu mawonekedwe a kapamba. Madotolo amawona kupatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito kapamba wa embryonic monga kulonjeza, kapangidwe kake kamachepetsa chiopsezo chosinthika.

Kuyesera pakusamutsa ma b-cell a islets aku Langerhans, kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito ma b-cell a akalulu ndi nkhumba, kunali kwa chithandizo kwakanthawi. Kusunthika komwe kumalowa m'mitsempha yama portal kunalola kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga apite popanda insulini kwa chaka chochepa.

Ana, kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo, omwe amadya zakudya zosakonzekera, ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Kusakaniza kumakhala ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe wa ng'ombe, womwe umalepheretsa kapamba. Mkaka wa m'mawere ndi njira yoyamba yotetezera yomwe ingachepetse mwayi wokhala ndi matenda. Kudyetsa mpaka chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mwana ndikuteteza ku matenda opatsirana omwe angayambitse matenda a shuga.

Pankhani ya ana okulirapo, ndikofunikira kuwunika zakudya, mawonekedwe ake ndi kapangidwe kake. Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu komanso osiyanasiyana, kupatula mafuta ambiri ndi chakudya. Onetsetsani kuti mwadya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Mndandanda wazakudya zabwino kwambiri za shuga

Njira zodzitetezera zimatsikira kuti mudziwe gulu lowopsa: kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga m'banjamo, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic mwa mwana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofananira amalembetsa ndi endocrinologist ndipo amayesedwa kawiri pachaka. Ngati matendawa adatsimikizika, kuwunika koyendera ndikuwunika kwa dokotala mwezi uliwonse kumayendetsedwa kuti athe kukonza pulogalamu yamankhwala, kuzindikira nthawi yowonjezera komanso kupewa zovuta zovuta pakadutsa matendawa.

Pafupipafupi komanso njira za njira zoyesera zimatsimikiziridwa kutengera gawo la matendawa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amayesedwa pachaka ndi akatswiri opanikizika: a ophthalmologist, cardiologist, neuropathologist, nephrologist, dokotala wa opaleshoni, ndi ena. Kafukufuku wofunikira kwa iwo ndi electrocardiogram, urinalysis ndi njira zomwe zingathandize poyambira kuzindikira kuphwanya ziwalo ndi machitidwe

Kuchiritsa kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga sikungatheke. Chithandizo chokwanira komanso chapanthawi yake chidzakwaniritsa chikhululukiro, ndipo mwana azitha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino, amakula molingana ndi zaka.

Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, mwana aliyense wa 500 amadwala matenda a shuga. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa zomwe sizingachitike kwa ana azaka zilizonse - kuyambira makanda mpaka achinyamata. Muli malo achiwiri pakati pa zovuta zonse zaubwana. Ntchito yayikulu ya asayansi azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi ndi kupeza ndi kupanga njira zabwino zothetsera matenda osasangalatsa awa.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana ndi matenda oopsa, makolo amafunika kudziwa momwe angawongolere shuga ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, jekeseni insulini

Zikondazo zimagwira gawo lina mthupi: zimayang'anira kupanga mahomoni ena apadera - insulin, yomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amalowa m'magazi ndi chakudya. Ngati kapamba ayamba kupanga insulin yokwanira, kapena mawonekedwe ake amasintha, ndipo amasiya kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, matenda amtundu wa endocrine amadziwika - matenda a shuga.

Njira ya kapamba imasokonezeka ndi pafupifupi zaka 5, ndichifukwa chake matenda ashuga sawoneka mwatsopano mwa ana obadwa kumene, nsonga zazikulu za matendawa pakati pa ana zimagwera zaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 11. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus sizinafotokozedwe bwino komanso zimayambitsa mikangano pakati pa endocrinologists padziko lonse lapansi.

Zomwe zikuluzikulu zakukula kwa matenda amtundu wa endocrine mu ana ndi:

  • Kudziletsa.Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumawonjezeka kwambiri ngati mwana ali ndi kholo limodzi kapena abale ake ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi matendawa. Matendawa amatha kuchitika ali mwana komanso msinkhu wokhwima.
  • Matenda opatsirana m'mbuyomu, monga rubella, hepatitis, mumps, pox.
  • Kuchulukitsa kwakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito chakudya, kumapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pa kapamba, kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito ya insulin.
  • Khalidwe labwino. Pogwira ntchito yabwino yamagalimoto, kagayidwe kamphamvu kamathandizika, minofu yonse ndi ziwalo zonse mthupi, kuphatikiza zikondamoyo, zimagwira ntchito bwino.
  • Kuzizira pafupipafupi kapena changu chambiri cha makolo pakuumitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwamphamvu kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, chifukwa chomwe ma antibodies amayamba kuwononga maselo amthupi.
  • Thupi lawo siligwirizana, poyizoni poizoni, kumwa maantibayotiki, kupsinjika, zolakwika zamtundu wa pancreatic.

Matenda a shuga a ana amawonetsedwa m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu:

  • mtundu 1 wa shuga wodalira insulini amadziwika ndi kuperewera kwakukulu kwakudzipangira yekha kwa insulin,
  • mtundu 2 wa shuga wosadalira insulini umatsimikiziridwa ndi kusakhazikika kwa minofu yotsalira kwa insulin kupita ku mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba.

Mwa ana, omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapamba. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin sakhala ochezeka kwambiri mu endocrinology ya ana; nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka ndi anthu akuluakulu atatha zaka 40.

Matenda a shuga mwa ana amakula mwachangu mphezi. Kuti azindikire nthendayi m'magawo oyamba, makolo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe awomwe ali mwa mwana ndi momwe akuchitira.

Zizindikiro zamatenda a shuga ana:

  • kuchuluka kwa kumwa, kuwonetsedwa usana ndi usiku, kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi akumwa kumafikira malita 10 patsiku, pomwe mwana amakhala ndi pakamwa kowuma nthawi zonse
  • kutulutsa mkodzo mwachangu, enursis, pomwe mkodzo umakhala wopepuka kwambiri, wowuma, ukayanika umasiya mafuta onyansa.
  • kupsinjika mtima kwa ana opitirira zaka 7, kutopa, ulesi, kusakhazikika maganizo,
  • Kuchepetsa thupi pazakudya zabwinobwino kapena zowonjezera,
  • kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
  • kutsekeka kwa minofu
  • mawonekedwe a pustular ndi fungus mawonekedwe pakhungu, kudula kwakutali ndi zironda, kupindika kokhazikika kwa ana,
  • kusapeza pambuyo pokodza, vulvitis mwa atsikana,
  • madandaulo a kupweteka kwam'mimba, mseru, kusanza, ndi mawonekedwe a fungo lam'madzi lotsekemera kapena maapulo wowawasa kuchokera mkamwa (bwanji mwana amanunkhira wowawasa kuchokera mkamwa?).

Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za matendawa ndi pakamwa pouma kosalekeza, makolo ayenera kukhala atcheru ndi madzi ambiri omwe mwana amamwa

Kuzindikiritsidwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana kumachitika m'magawo: choyamba, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuzindikiraku, ndiye kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda ashuga ndi kuopsa kwake, pambuyo pake thupi liyenera kuyesedwa kuti pakhale zovuta zina. Gawo loyamba limayamba ndi kutsimikiza kwa zisonyezo zakuwona kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana: kuwunika, kuwunika kwathunthu, thupi la mwana, kufufuzidwa kwa makolo.

Kuti mumvetse bwino chithunzithunzi chomaliza, mayeso angapo a labotale amatchulidwa:

  • kusanthula kwa magazi ndi mkodzo,
  • kusala kudya kwa magazi
  • kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga masana,
  • glucose kulolerana mayeso kudziwa kukhalapo kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kutenga njira ya shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti mwana apatsidwe ultrasound yam'mimba, kuyesedwa kwamtima ndi mtima, kufunsa ndi urologist, ophthalmologist. Kuzindikira komaliza kumapangidwa ndi adokotala pokhapokha pazotsatira za maphunziro onse omwe ali pamwambapa.

Kuopsa kwa matendawa kutsimikiza mwa kutsimikizira mayeso angapo a labotale

Tsoka ilo, mankhwala amakono alibe mphamvu pankhani ya kuchira kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga. Kuchita bwino kwamankhwala kumaganiziridwa momwe thupi la ana kwa nthawi yayitali limasungabe ntchito zake ndi kagayidwe kazinthu kagayidwe kamasinthidwe.

Ndi kuzindikira kwakanthawi kwamankhwala ndikulondola, kuwunika bwino momwe mwanayo aliri, kusowa kwa zovuta, kulosera zokhazokha zitha kuchitika posachedwa komanso patali kwambiri. Ndi matenda a shuga, mutha kukhala moyo wautali komanso wosangalatsa.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amachokera pa mfundo yakubwezeretsa insulin, yomwe imasungidwa mosavomerezeka ndi kapamba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kupanga mahomoni ndi thupi kumachitika mosiyanasiyana kutengera nthawi yakudya.

Kuthandizira kwa ana kwaumwini kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin okhala ndi nthawi yayitali (kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 8) ndi mwayi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi mankhwala a nthawi yayitali (kuyambira maola 9 mpaka 14). Kuphatikizikako kumabayidwa pang'onopang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito syringe yomwe imasinthidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga - cholembera chokhala ndi singano yochepa thupi kwambiri. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ana, kuyambira wazaka 12 mpaka 13, amatha kudzipangira nokha.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa mwachindunji kumatengera nthawi yakudya, tsiku lililonse zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigawidwe 6. Magazi a shuga amawunika tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga.

Chofunikira chakudziletsa panthawi ya mankhwala a insulin ndikusunga diary, yomwe imawonetsa miyeso yonse, komanso chidziwitso cha magawo omwe adyedwa.

Pakakhala kuchuluka kwa insulin mwadala, mwana ayenera kukulitsa shuga mothandizidwa ndi maswiti a chokoleti, koma izi zitha kuchitika padera. Malamulo a zakudya zopatsa thanzi amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a zakudya zopanda malire, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa mu gome.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya pakudya kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1:

Gulu la ZogulitsaPalibe malireNdi zoletsaZoletsedwa
Maphala, zakudya za ufaNthambi ya mkateMkate oyera ndi imvi, chimanga, pasitalaMuffin wokoma ndi wopatsa, makeke, makeke, mpunga woyera
Masamba, amadyeraMitundu, sorelo, phwetekere, nkhaka, zukini, kaloti, biringanya, tsabola, belu, kabichi, anyezi, bowa, ma turnipsNthanga, mbatata, chimangaZamasamba ophika
Zipatso, zipatsoQuince, kiranberi, ndimuMavwende, mabulosi abulu, zipatso zamtengo wapatali, ma raspberries, ma currants, nthochi, maapulo amalalanje, nkhuyu, mapichesi, plums
Mkaka, mkakaKefir yopanda mafuta, tchiziZopangira mkaka wowonda, mkaka wopanda mafuta, ma yogurts achilengedwe, feta tchiziBatala, mkaka wopepuka, kirimu wowawasa wowawasa
Zakudya zam'nyanja, nsombaNsomba yamafuta ochepaMussels, oyster, shrimp, crayfish, squidCaviar, hering, eel, mafuta ambiri kapena nsomba zamzitini
Nyama yanyama, nkhukuNyama, nkhuku, ng'ombe yopanda mafuta, kalulu, nkhukuNkhumba, tsekwe, mwanawankhosa, bakha, mphodza, mafuta a nkhumba amchere
Ma brothMafuta otsika ndi masamba, nsombaNdi groatsZonona
MafutaMafuta aliwonse azamasambaSalo Margarine
ZokongoletsaMitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola, sinamoni, mpiru, zonunkhiraMa mayonesi a Homemade YachilengedweKetchup mayonesi

Zikadwala, mwana amawonetsedwa zakudya zapadera ndikuwunika shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi ndi glucometer

Kuphatikiza pa njira zochizira, palinso njira ya opaleshoni yochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 - opaleshoni yotumiza wina kapamba. Njirayi sitha kutchedwa kuti panacea, chifukwa imangothandiza mwana wodwala zizindikiro zazikulu komanso kufunika kopanga jakisoni wa mahomoni, ndipo chiopsezo chokana kukana chiwalo china panthawi yakupatsirana ndichachikulu kwambiri.

Maziko othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi zakudya zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi endocrinologist payekhapayekha kwa mwana aliyense, poganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Muyenera kusiyiratu chakudya chomwe chili ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa, monga chokoleti ndi mafuta a ufa. Mitundu ina yamagulu ochulukirapo ingathe kudyedwa, koma ndi malire.

Kuwongolera magawo omwe zakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu endocrinology, lingaliro la "mkate unit" (XE) limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limafotokozera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya. Mwana akamadya chakudya chokwanira 1 XE, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka ndi 2.2 mmol / L.

Kuphatikiza pa kadyedwe, adotolo amatipatsa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga wamagazi, komanso okhala ndi chromium, omwe amalimbikitsa chiwopsezo cha minofu ya insulin.

Chithandizo cha odwala omwe samadalira insulini chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri pakulimbitsa thupi nthawi imodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, ndikukumana ndi physiotherapy.

Zithandizo zothandiza za anthu

Mankhwala azitsamba amathandizira chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga mwa mwana, kuyambira zaka zitatu. Komabe, munthu sayenera kugogomezera kwambiri pakuyamba kuwononga mankhwala osokoneza bongo - cholakwika chotere chitha kubweretsa zovuta zina.

Mankhwala otsatirawa adatsimikizira popewa zovuta:

  • kulowererapo kwa masamba a mabulosi,
  • mtengo wa mizu ya burdock,
  • kulowetsedwa kwa nyemba zosankhira,
  • Kutolera kuchokera ku mizu ya burdck, nyemba za nyemba, masamba a mabulosi,
  • Kutolere masamba a mabulosi, sitiroberi, mbewa, nyemba za nyemba,
  • Kutolera kuchokera ku mizu ya burdock, masamba a birch, mahatchi, msunthi, nyemba zosankhira,
  • Kutolere kuchokera ku mizu ya aralia, m'chiuno cha rose, chamomile, m'munda wamahatchi, nyemba za nyemba, mphukira zamtundu wa mabulosi, wort wa St. John (mwatsatanetsatane, onani: kodi ndingadye nyemba zobiriwira ndikuyamwitsa?),
  • Kutolere kwa mabulosi abulu, nettle, mamawort, burdock, dandelion, masamba a mahatchi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba pafupipafupi kungathandize kuchepetsa magazi

Matenda a shuga a ana amakula mosakonzekera ndipo mkhalidwe wonyalanyaza nthawi zambiri umabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika zomwe zimafuna chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali. Mavuto obwera kumene amagawidwa pachimake komanso chovuta. Mavuto owopsa amatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ndipo amafunika njira zamankhwala zamwadzidzidzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

  • hyperglycemic chikomokere - chimachitika ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa chosowa insulini,
  • hypoglycemic chikomokere - chitha kukhazikitsidwa motsutsana ndi maziko omwe amapezeka ndi insulin yambiri m'magazi,
  • ketoacidotic chikomokere - chitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ka michere ndi kuchepa kwa insulin.

Kusintha kwakukuru m'matupi a ana kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Mawonekedwe awo mwachindunji amatengera kuzindikirika kwa matenda ashuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:

  • mtima matenda, kuwonongeka kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo,
  • kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
  • matenda a impso a mitundu yambiri,
  • kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
  • matenda olowa
  • Kukula msana ndi kukula kwa thupi.

Matenda a shuga m'mwana ndi owopsa makamaka chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kulandira matendawo. Ntchito ya makolo ndikutsatira kwathunthu malangizo onse azachipatala, njira yokhayo yosungira khansa yofewa ya shuga mwa mwana.

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana kumakhala kothandiza ngati makolo kuyambira masiku oyamba zinyenyeswazi amatsatira malamulo awa:

  • Kuyamwitsa ndikofunikira osachepera mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Izi zimathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha ana. Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteni amkaka wa ng'ombe omwe amapezeka muzakudya za ana siwotetezeka kwa kapamba wakhanda.
  • Katemera uyenera kuchitidwa pa nthawi yomwe anavomerezedwa ndi ana asukulu yakale yopanga katemera. Izi zimathandiza kupewa matenda oyamba, omwe amatha kukhala ndi shuga.
  • Kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi kuyambira ubwana. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonera njira yatsiku ndi tsiku, mwana amafunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikukwiya.
  • Thanzi liyenera kukhala loyenera, lokwanira komanso lokhazikika. Ndikofunikira kupatula zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nitrate, utoto, mankhwala osungirako zakudya kuchokera kwa ana. Masamba ndi zipatso zatsopano ziyenera kupezeka mwaulere.
  • Ndikofunikira kupatsa mwana malo omasuka a m'maganizo, kumuteteza ku nkhawa ndi zokumana nazo zazitali.
  • Kulemera kwa thupi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi makolo, ndikofunikira kupewa kunenepa kwambiri kwa mwana.
  • Mukamabwera ndi mwana kupita kukayezetsa, onani magazi ake ngati mulingo wama glucose, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala mosamala komanso mupewe kudzipereka nokha.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka pakakhala kusowa kwa insulin ya pancreatic. Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa nthenda zofala kwambiri za endocrine mwa ana. Kufalikira kwa matenda ashuga pakati pa ana (kuphatikiza ana aang'ono) tsopano kukukulira. Ana obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri samadwala matenda a shuga, nthawi zambiri amadziwonekera pa nthawi yakutha.

Kuti zitsimikizire ntchito zonse, thupi limafunikira mphamvu. Kwenikweni, amalandila mphamvu imeneyi pokonza shuga (kapena shuga) ikalowa mu cell. Insulin imakhudzidwa ndikusintha shuga kukhala mphamvu.

Ndiye amene amapereka shuga mumselo kuti asanduke mphamvu. Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi kumasiyana: kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumapangitsa kuti mahomoni azikhala bwino, ndipo kugona ndi kukakamizidwa ndi mankhwala ena amapangidwa kochepa.

Mukatha kudya zakudya zamafuta, shuga wamagazi amadzuka. Koma pansi pa insulin, glucose imatengedwa ndi maselo athupi lonse, ndipo motero kukula kwake pang'onopang'ono (mkati pafupifupi maola 2) kumatsikira kumakhalidwe abwino (3.3-5.5 mmol / l). Pambuyo pake, kapamba amasiya kubisalira insulin.

Pamene insulini sikokwanira, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakulitsidwa, chifukwa sikumatengedwa ndi maselo, ndipo shuga imayamba. Siyanitsani pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wamatendawa (wodalira insulini komanso wodziyimira pawokha, motsatana). Ndi mtundu 1, matendawa ndi omwe amawonongeka ndi kapamba.

Ndi mtundu wa 2 chitsulo, umapanga insulin yokwanira, koma ma cell amthupi (zolandilira zawo) samayankha ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito shuga wamagazi, mulingo wake umakhala wokwera.

Ana nthawi zambiri amatengera matenda a 1 omwe amadalira insulin.

Matenda a shuga m'mwana - Sukulu ya Dr. Komarovsky

Pali zifukwa zambiri zopezeka matendawa kwa ana:

  • Udindo wofunikira umachitika ndi chidwi cha matendawa, kutanthauza kuti, chinthu chobadwa nacho. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti 80% ya ana awo adzakhala ndi chitukuko kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma cell a pancreatic. Adzakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda omwe angachitike atangobadwa kumene kapena zaka zingapo kapena makumi angapo pambuyo pake. Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kudziwikitsa kumatendawa osati mwa makolo a mwana, komanso kwa abale, ochepera.
  • Kuchuluka kwa glucose mwa mkazi nthawi yapakati kumakhalanso koyipa kwa mwana: glucose amadutsa momasuka kudzera mu chotchinga chachikulu. Zowonjezera zake (mwanayo safuna kwenikweni) zimayikidwa m'chigawo chamafuta am'madzi, ndipo ana amabadwa osati ndi kulemera kwakukulu (makilogalamu 5, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale okwera kwambiri), komanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda m'tsogolo. Chifukwa chake, mayi woyembekezera ayenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa, ndipo makolo sayenera kusangalala (monga chizolowezi) pakubadwa kwa mwana wolemera kwambiri.
  • Kudyetsa ana ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri (chokoleti, maswiti, shuga, confectionery ndi zinthu za ufa) kumabweretsa mwayi wambiri ku kapamba ndi kufooka kwake: kupanga insulini kumachepa.
  • Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi kumatsogolera pakufotokozera mafuta m'thupi. Ma mamolekyulu amafuta amathandizira kusintha kwa ma cell receptor, ndipo amasiya kuyankha insulin, shuga sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale pali insulin yokwanira.
  • Kukhala moyo wongokhala mwana kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizionekera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pakokha kumayambitsa ntchito yochulukirapo ya zimakhala zonse mthupi, kuphatikiza ma cell a pancreatic. Chifukwa chake, ndikamayendedwe ogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepa.
  • Makolo omwe amakonda zolimbikitsa kusakhazikika kwa ana ayenera kukumbukira kuti mwakutero amachititsa kuphwanya kuyanjana kwa magawo awiri: kutsegulira ndi kuponderezana kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Thupi nthawi yomweyo limayamba kupanga ma antibodies. Ngati ma antibodies ataona “tizilombo” toyambitsa matenda, ndiye kuti amawononga ma cell amthupi, kuphatikiza maselo a kapamba. Kupezeka kwa njira yodzitetezera koteroko kumathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha chimfine kapena matenda a virus omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa mwana. Makamaka pankhaniyi ndi ma virus a mumps, rubella, chikuku, hepatitis.
  • Njira yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo muubwana imatha kukhala yovuta (kuphatikizapo mkaka wa ng'ombe), kuwonetsedwa pazinthu zovulaza zamankhwala, cystic fibrosis, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena (mankhwala a mahomoni, etc.), kupsinjika kapena kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga mwa ana ali ndi magawo angapo:

  1. Pali kuthekera kwa matendawo.
  2. Matumba a pancreatic amakhudzidwa kale, koma palibe owonetsa matendawa, amatha kupezeka mothandizidwa ndi mayeso apadera.
  3. Matenda a shuga ali ndi mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndipo kuzindikira kwake padali pano sikovuta.

Zomwe zachitika ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana:

  • chithandizo choyenera koyamba, kotsalira kumapereka zotsatira zabwino,
  • Ngati sanachiritsidwe, matendawa amakula msanga.
  • kwambiri kuposa achikulire.

Mu gawo loyambirira la matendawa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungangowonjezeka munthawi iliyonse kapena kulimbikira, ndipo pambuyo pake, m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Osati kagayidwe kamakina kokha kamasokonezedwa, komanso njira zina za metabolic, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, etc.

Momwe mungatulukire ku SHOCK. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana

Mthupi la mwana, ma acetone amadziunjikira, zinthu zokhala ndi michere yaying'ono zomwe zimasokoneza machitidwe amanjenje ndi mtima. Matenda a shuga amayambitsa kuphwanya chitetezo cha m'thupi, chiwindi.

Ndizotheka kukayikira matenda opatsirana awa mwa ana pamaziko a zizindikilo zotere:

  • ludzu lochulukirapo: ana amatha kumwa malita angapo a madzi patsiku, amadzuka ngakhale usiku kumwa madzi.
  • Kukodza mwachangu (nthawi zina mpaka mpaka 20 r. Patsiku), kukodza kwabwinobwino mwa ana kumachitika pafupifupi 6 r. patsiku, enursis kapena bedwetting ingachitike, mkodzo umakhala wopanda khungu, wopanda fungo, koma pama diapoti kapena zovala zamkati umatha kusiya zomata kapena mawanga omwe amafanana ndi (atayanika).
  • Zouma zimagwira pakhungu ndi khungu chifukwa cha zotupa zamkodzo mumkodzo, zotupa m'mimba, kuyabwa ndi kutupa kwa ziwalo zakunja mwa atsikana zitha kuoneka.
  • Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi (komanso nthawi zina kukulira) chilakolako, pokhapokha matendawa atatha matendawa komanso mwa akhanda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pali kusowa kapena kuwonongeka kwakukonda.
  • Kuchepa kwa zowoneka m'maso kumalumikizidwa ndi kufalikira kwa mandala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwake, ndipo zotengera zam'mimba zimakhudzidwa chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa shuga.
  • Kutopa kosasinthika ndi kufooka kwapafupipafupi mwa mwana kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa mphamvu yofunikira m'thupi, ana amayamba kuphunzira kwambiri, samatopa, amatha kutsalira mu chitukuko cha thupi, akudandaula mutu kumapeto kwa tsiku, kusowa chidwi ndi kugona kwa mwana kuli ndi chikhalidwe.
  • Ndi kuchepa kwamatenda am'mthupi, zotupa za khungu ndi mafangasi zimatha kupezeka zomwe sizichiritsa kukhumudwa kwanthawi yayitali.
  • Wosanjikiza minofu imakhala yowoneka bwino.
  • Mafupawo ndi osakhazikika, osasankhidwa bwino nthawi yamantha chifukwa cha mafupa.

Kugona kwa mwana, kupweteka mutu kwambiri, kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza ndi kusanza, kununkhira kwa ma acetone kapena maapulo akhathamiritsa mkamwa: izi zimafunikira chisamaliro chamankhwala ndi kuyesedwa kwa mwanayo.

Kuchuluka kwa zigawo zaku Moscow mu 2008

Nthawi zina, ana amathandizidwa kupita kuchipatala ali ndi vuto loti akufuna kuti ayambirenso. Ndi matenda oopsa a shuga, mtima wamagazi nawonso umavutika: kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepetsedwa, kayendedwe kazinthu zamtima zimasokonekera, kupweteka mumtima kumatha kusokoneza.

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa kuphwanya kapangidwe ka impso, nthawi zambiri zotupa zimachitika mwa izo. Njira yogaya chakudya imakhudzidwanso: Kukula kwa matenda a ziwalo zake zilizonse ndizotheka.

Chiwindi chimakulitsidwa, kukula kwa mafuta a chiwindi hepatosis komanso cirrhosis kumatha kuchitika.

Mawonekedwe amtundu wamatenda amatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga. Shuga wamba wamagazi amachokera pa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose mpaka 7.5 mmol / l kumatha kuchitika ndi matenda a shuga a latent. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamwamba pa izi kumatsimikizira kutsimikiza kwa matenda ashuga.

Palinso kuyesedwa kopatsa chidwi kwa glucose. Choyamba, zindikirani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako perekani shuga 75 g (mwakukhetsa madziwo), ana osaposa zaka 12 amapatsidwa 35 g Pambuyo maola 2, amayesanso magazi kuchokera chala cham'magazi. Ngati chizindikirocho ndi 7.5-10.9 mmol / l, ndiye kuti pali mtundu wina wamatenda, chizindikiro cha 11 mmol / l ndipo chapamwamba chimakhala chitsimikizo cha kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, pamimba ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula njira yotupa mu kapamba.

Chithandizo chimasankhidwa kwa mwana ndi endocrinologist wa ana, kutengera mtundu wa shuga.

Ndi matenda a shuga 1 (imakhala ndi 98% ya omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga "aunyamata"), mankhwala obwezeretsa omwe amachitika, ndiye kuti, insulin imayendetsedwa, yomwe siyikusungidwa kapena siyikusungidwa ndi kapamba.

Pankhaniyi, mwana ayenera kupatsidwa zakudya zoyenera, kupewa kufa ndi njala. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zazikulu, pezani zina zapakatikati (makamaka kumwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba).

Izi ndizofunikira kupewa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic coma, lomwe limayamba ngati mlingo waukulu wa insulini kuposa momwe ungafunikire pokonzanso chakudya. Mu mbeera eno, okusobola okutuukirira kwonna mu mubiri kirabika era amaanyi g'ekyamagero g'ekyamagero gatuuka. Izi nthawi zina zimafunanso kutulutsa.

Hypa ya Hypoglycemic imayamba msanga, pakatha mphindi 20-30. Mwadzidzidzi pamakhala kufooka lakuthwa, thukuta kwambiri, kunjenjemera m'thupi, kumverera kwanjala. Mutu, kupenya kawiri, kulumala, mseru, kusanza, kumva kwa lilime ndi milomo kumatha kuchitika. Zosintha: kuchoka pamavuto mpaka kukondwa komanso kukhala wankhanza. Ngati chithandizo sichinaperekedwe, ndiye kuti kuyerekezera zinthu zowoneka ndi mawu, zomwe sizinachitike pakumveka, ndiye kukomoka ndikuwonongeka.

Mwana ayenera kukhala ndi chidutswa cha chokoleti ndi iye, chomwe angadye ngati atamwa jakisoni wamkulu kuposa momwe angafunikire panthawiyo, ndikuletsa kukula kwa chikomokere. Koma zopatsa mphamvu zimayenera kukhala zochepa pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za mwana.

Kwa ana, ma insulin omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mwachidule amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri amakhala Actrapid ndi Protofan. Amabayidwa pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera. Syringe yotere imakupatsani mwayi woti mupeze mlingo woyenera wa endocrinologist. Nthawi zambiri, ana nawonso amatha kuukweza ndi kubaya mankhwalawo.

Tsiku lililonse, misempha ya magazi imayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Zizindikiro zake, komanso zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, zimadziwika mu diary, zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kusankha mlingo woyenera wa insulin.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, kupatsirana kwa kapamba ndikothekanso, monga njira imodzi yamankhwala.

Mankhwalawa mtundu 2 shuga Kutsatira kwambiri zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri. Endocrinologist amayang'ana kwambiri zakudya za mwana, kutengera zaka. Mfundo ya chakudyacho ndi chakuti mwana ayenera kuthetseratu kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chopatsa mphamvu (chokoleti, shuga, ufa wamafuta) ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zakudya zina muzakudya. Malangizowa akuyenera kuwonedwa kuti tipewe kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuti muthane ndi ntchitoyi, ndikofunikira kuwerengera omwe amatchedwa "mkate mkate". Ndi mkate mkate amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi 12 g yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi 2.2 mmol / L.

M'mayiko aku Europe, chilichonse chimakhala ndi chizindikiritso cha buledi. Izi zimathandiza odwala matenda ashuga kupeza zakudya zoyenera pazakudya zawo. Ku Russia, palibe chidziwitso chotere, koma magawo a mkate amawerengedwa ndi makolo pawokha.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugawanitsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta mu 100 g ya zinthuzi (izi zili pachinthu chilichonse) ndi 12. Chiwerengero chomwe chimapezedwa cha buledi chimasinthidwa kukhala cholemera chomwe chimayenera kudyedwa ndi mwana.

Matenda a shuga angayambitse kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yama ziwalo zambiri ndikamayambitsa mavuto osasintha:

  • kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina kumapangitsa kuchepa (kapena kutaya kwathunthu) masomphenya,
  • Kulephera kwaimpso kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwonetsero za impso,
  • encephalopathy imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka m'mitsempha ya ubongo.

Popewa zovuta zovuta zotere, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuwunika kwamisempha yambiri yamagazi, kudya mosamala komanso mosalekeza (tebulo Na. 9), kutsatira malangizo onse a endocrinologist pochiza matendawa.

Kupewa kwa shuga kwa ana kuyenera kuchitika kuyambira pakubadwa. Nayi mfundo zingapo:

  1. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zodzitetezera ndikuyamwitsa mwana pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera matendawa. Zosakaniza zopanga mkaka wa ng'ombe zimatha kusokoneza ntchito za kapamba.
  2. Katemera wa panthawiyi amathandiza kupewa matenda omwe angayambitse matenda ake.
  3. Kuyambira ali aang'ono, ana ayenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi moyo wathanzi: samalira zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku (kugona mokwanira), kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (zomwe zili zowona mu unyamata), khalani olimbitsa thupi, etc.
  4. Muzipatsa mwana zakudya zoyenera malinga ndi zaka zake. Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito utoto ndi zowonjezera zina, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zam'chitini. Onetsetsani kuti muphatikiza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'zakudya.
  5. Chofunikanso ndichakuti kuchotsedwa kwapanthawi yovutitsa, komwe kumapereka chidziwitso m'maganizo.
  6. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwazachipatala komanso nthawi ndi nthawi (1 r. Pachaka) kuwunika shuga wamagazi (kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo).
  7. Kuwongolera kunenepa kwambiri kwamthupi komanso kupewa kunenepa kwambiri.

Kupimidwa mozama komanso kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kwa amayi nthawi yapakati kumathandizira kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga komanso kupewa kubadwa kwa mwana wonenepa kwambiri.

Kutsatira kwambiri njira zodzitetezera kuthandizira kupewa matenda a shuga mwa mwana. Pakukayikiratu pang'ono komwe kumayambitsa matendawa, ndikofunikira kumuyesa kuti adziwe matenda ake koyambirira komanso nthawi yoyenera kuti ayambe kumuthandiza bwino mwana.

Ngati makolo akuganiza kuti mwana wawo ali ndi matenda ashuga, ayenera kuwona dokotala wa ana. Dokotala azichita maphunziro ofunikira, ndipo ngati matendawa atheka, pititsani wodwalayo kwa endocrinologist. Ndi kukula kwamavuto, ziwalo zamkati zikagwidwa, kufunsa kwa a nephrologist, ophthalmologist, ndi neurologist kuyenera. Woopsa, pamene ketoacidosis imayamba, mwana amatha kumapezeka kuchipatala komwe amathandizidwa ndi anesthetist-resuscitator. Pokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga, ndikofunika kuchezera wazamankhwala omwe angakuwuzeni momwe mungakhalire ndi shuga.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana ndi vuto la metabolic, kuphatikizapo chakudya chamafuta, chifukwa cha kukanika kwa pancreatic. Chiwalo chamkati chimagwira ntchito yopanga insulin, yomwe mu shuga imakhala yochepa kwambiri kapena chitetezo chathunthu chimatha kuwonedwa. Ziwerengerozi ndi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 500, ndipo pakati pa akhanda - wakhanda m'modzi mpaka 400 zikwi.

Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa ndi kupezeka kwa chibadwa komanso matenda oyambitsidwa kale. Madokotala azindikira zina komanso zaumoyo wa matendawa.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda am'mimba am'mimba samatenda - kutopa, kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi, ludzu losatha komanso kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wamankhwala wokha wamagazi ndi zinthu zina zam'madzi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi olondola. Gawo laling'ono limaseweredwa ndi njira zothandizira ndi kuwongolera kwa matenda oyambira.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa ana zimaphatikizapo njira zosasamala - kumwa mankhwala. Njira zamankhwala zochizira zimasiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa matendawa.

Chinsinsi cha matenda ashuga mwa ana a zaka 5, monga momwe zimakhalira zaka zina zilizonse, ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a kapamba, omwe amabisa insulin. Ndi matenda, vuto la kupanga mahomoni limachitika kapena matupi athupi amayamba. Kachiwiri, insulini imakhala yokhazikika kapena imapitirira pang'ono zovomerezeka.

Mulimonsemo, shuga sangasinthidwe kukhala glucose, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chizolowezi, ndichifukwa chake amadziwikika kwambiri m'magazi. Mitundu ya shuga yabwinobwino mwa ana osakwana zaka 2 imasiyana kuchokera pa 2.78 mpaka 4,4 mmol / l, mwa mwana kuyambira wazaka ziwiri mpaka 6 - 3.3-5 mmol / l, mwa iwo omwe afika msinkhu wa sukulu - osaposa 5.5 mmol / l

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga shuga ndi mtundu wakubadwa. Ngati wachibale wapafupi wapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto, kuyambira ali mwana, makolo ayenera kuyang'anira magazi a mwana wawo pafupipafupi kuti adziwe mayeso oyenera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa ana:

  • The pathological mmene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus, Coxsackie virus, mumps, chikuku, rubella, chikuku, herpes, kukulira chifuwa.
  • Matenda a autoimmune, pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga kapamba, ndikutulutsa ma antibodies oyipa omwe amukira chiwalo.
  • mapangidwe a neoplasms oyipa,
  • viral kuwonongeka,
  • matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti,
  • kuvulala kapena kutupa kwa kapamba,
  • kukhalapo mu mbiri ya matenda oopsa matenda oopsa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zingakhale kukhalanso kwa matenda ena mwa mwana:

  • Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
  • perekera chakumwa chowopsa,
  • acromegaly
  • pheochromocytoma,
  • kapamba
  • systemic lupus erythematosus,
  • nyamakazi
  • scleroderma,
  • Pansi, Klinefelter ndi Tungsten syndrome,
  • Huntington Chorea
  • ataxia wa Friedreich.

Zina mwazinthu zomwe sizikupereka maziko, ndizomwe izi:

  • kunenepa
  • kudya kwambiri
  • kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
  • kumwa mankhwala osalamulirika - popanda mankhwala dokotala, ngati simungagwiritse ntchito mlingo kapena nthawi yoyang'anira,
  • kusadya bwino,
  • kupsinjika kwakanthawi.

Zowonjezera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mu makanda:

  • kudyetsa kapena kusakaniza
  • zakudya zopindulitsa zochokera pama carbohydrate,
  • Mkaka wa Cow
  • othandizira opaleshoni.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kutali ndi zochitika zonse ndikotheka kukhazikitsa etiology. Zikatero, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a idiopathic mwa ana amapangidwa.

Kutengera ndi komwe kukuchokera, matendawa amachitika:

  • zoona kapena zoyambirira
  • chizindikiro kapena chachiwiri - matenda ashuga amakula chifukwa cha endocrine kapena matenda ena.

Pa fomu yoyamba, mitundu iyi ndi yodziwika:

  1. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana. Amatchedwa insulin-amadalira, chifukwa mahomoni mwina samapangidwa konse ndi kapamba, kapena amatulutsidwa mosakwanira.
  2. Type 2 shuga mellitus mwa ana - omwe amadziwika kuti ndi insulin. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa insulini kumadutsa malire kapena kumapitilira, komabe, thupi limakhalabe ndi chitetezo.

Pakufika pamalipiro a zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism, mitundu yotsatirayi ya matendawa imadziwika:

  • kulipidwa - chithandizo chimapangitsa kusintha kwa shuga,
  • zophatikiza - shuga mumagazi ndi mkodzo ndimankhwala oyenera ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi momwe amapangira,
  • kuwola - ndi owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale chithandizo chovuta sichitha kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Matenda a shuga kwa mwana amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo:

  • wofatsa - Zizindikiro zakuchipatala zitha kupezeka kwathunthu, ndipo kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi sikudutsa 8 mmol / l,
  • zolimbitsa - pali kuwonongeka mu chikhalidwe chonse, kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kosakwana 12 mmol / l,
  • kwambiri - zovuta za zovuta ndizambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kumaposa 14 mmol / l,
  • zovuta - ana akuvutika ndi zovuta za matenda osokoneza bongo omwe sangathe kuchiritsa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera mpaka 25 mmol / l.

Matenda a shuga m'makanda ndi awa:

  • wocheperako kapena woperewera - umapezeka kawirikawiri, Symbolatology imatha pang'onopang'ono pakatha miyezi itatu ya moyo, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kumachitika mchaka 1, koma mwayi woti ubwererenso ukalamba sunaperekedwe,
  • okhazikika kapena okhazikika - ana amafunikira chithandizo cha insulini kwa moyo wonse.

Kodi shuga

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa ana zimadalira mtundu wa matendawa. Matendawa amayamba ndi kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zotere:

  • kusinthasintha kwa cholozera cha thupi
  • njala yosalekeza
  • kufunika kotenga madzi ambiri
  • kuchotsa chikhodzodzo pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku,
  • vuto la kugona
  • kutopa, ulesi,
  • kufooka komanso kuchepa mphamvu,
  • khungu loyipa losiyanasiyana,
  • kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
  • kuchepa kowoneka bwino.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga m'mwana zimawonedwa zonse ndi insulin-yodalira komanso mawonekedwe a insulin.

Chithunzi cha chipatala cha matenda amtundu 1 chimaphatikizapo mawonetseredwe akunja:

  • kuchuluka kwa madzi amadzimadzi tsiku lililonse,
  • kukodza kwambiri,
  • kamwa yowuma
  • kuchepa thupi
  • kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi,
  • kutopa kwakuthupi,
  • kulawa kwazitsulo mkamwa
  • kuchuluka kwa chithunzicho pamaso,
  • mafupa ochulukirachulukira
  • kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira - ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chimfine, matenda otupa ndi fungus,
  • kuchiritsidwa kwakanthawi kwamankhwala kapena mabala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri,
  • kuyimitsa khungu kosatha, komwe kumadziwika bwino kwambiri mu buje ndi anus,
  • kunenepa
  • kusanza ndi kusanza,
  • chotupa chachikulu m'mimba,
  • Fungo lamapapo lonyowa mkamwa,
  • kuchepa kudya kapena kudana ndi chakudya.

Zizindikiro za shuga kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a 2:

  • kuwuma, kutsekemera ndi khungu
  • ludzu losatha
  • thukuta kwambiri
  • kulakalaka
  • kutopa ndi kufooka,
  • kuwonda
  • Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
  • kukakamiza pafupipafupi kutulutsa chikhodzodzo,
  • kuchepa chitetezo chathupi,
  • mawonekedwe a "goosebumps" pamaso,
  • kupweteka kwa m'mimba ndi zowawa zam'mimba,
  • pafupipafupi kusintha kosinthika
  • kuyabwa pakhungu,
  • kusintha kusowa tulo ndi kugona,
  • kutsekeka kwa minofu.

Ndizowopsa kwambiri ngati matenda ashuga amawonekera mwa makanda, popeza akhandawo sangathe kudandaula pakamwa. Makolo ayenera kulabadira machitidwe a mwana, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo komanso kuchuluka kwamadzi omwe amamwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana sizachilendo, koma zimatchulidwa, kotero katswiri wazachipatala wa endocrinologist kapena Dokotala wa ana alibe zovuta kuti adziwe kuzindikira koyenera.

Matendawa amafunika kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwira matenda. Dokotala payekha ayenera:

  • kudziwa mbiri yachipatala ya mwana komanso abale ake apafupi - kuti mufufuze zaubongo,
  • Kupeza ndi kusanthula mbiri ya moyo - pofuna kudziwa komwe matendawo amapezekera,
  • khalani bwino.
  • kuyeza kutentha ndi kamvekedwe ka magazi,
  • Funsani makolo mwatsatanetsatane koyamba kwa matenda a shuga kwa ana a zaka zitatu kapena kuposerapo komanso kukula kwa kuuma kwawo.

  • kuyezetsa magazi kwakukulu,
  • mayeso a mahomoni
  • kuyesedwa kwa immunological
  • zamankhwala amwazi
  • kusanthula kwakanthawi kwamkodzo.

Chidziwitso cha matenda a shuga kwa ana ndicholinga chofuna kupeza zovuta ndipo zimaperekedwa mwa njirazi:

  • ultrasonography a chiwindi ndi impso,
  • pandakopanda
  • kusanthula kwa ziwiya za m'munsi,
  • rheovasography
  • ophthalmometry,
  • EEG waubongo,
  • CT ndi MRI.

Ana matenda ashuga ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi zotsatirazi pathologies:

  • acetonemic syndrome,
  • matenda ashuga
  • matenda a shuga a chikhalidwe cha nephrogenic.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimangokhala kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhwimitsa zinthu, potengera pakamwa mankhwala komanso kutsatira malamulo a kudya kosavomerezeka.

  • moyo wonse insulin m'malo mwake pogwiritsa ntchito insulin pampu - chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga 1 kwa ana,
  • mankhwala ochepetsa shuga - sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones ndi alpha-glucosidase inhibitors akuwonetsedwa mawonekedwe a insulin.

Kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga kwa ana kungathetsedwe ndi mankhwala:

  • kukana kwathunthu kwamakina oyengereza,
  • kudya pafupipafupi, koma pafupipafupi,
  • kuwerengetsa tsiku lililonse pakumwa mkate, chimanga, mafuta amkaka, masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso,
  • kupatula pa menyu wa maswiti aliwonse ndi mafuta a chilengedwe.

Matenda A shuga

Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zamankhwala zimatengedwa ngati timachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Ana akulimbikitsidwa kusewera masewera katatu pa sabata, ndipo maphunzirowo amayenera kukhala osachepera ola limodzi.

Mavuto ambiri a shuga kwa ana:

  • atherossteosis
  • sitiroko
  • lactic acidosis,
  • matenda a mtima
  • zilonda zam'munsi,
  • hyperglycemic kapena hypoglycemic chikomokere,
  • diabetesic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, angiopathy, phazi,
  • aakulu aimpso kulephera
  • kuchepa kwa sukulu,
  • kukula kubwezeretsa.

Mpaka pano, kupewa kwambiri matenda ashuga mwa ana sikunapangidwe. Kuti achepetse vuto, makolo ayenera kuwunika ana awo kutsatira malamulo osavuta oteteza ana:

  • moyo wokangalika
  • zakudya zoyenera komanso zoyenera
  • kumwa mankhwala mosamalitsa monga wodwala amapita,
  • kusungitsa thupi mulitali moyenera,
  • kulimbitsa kosalekeza kwa chitetezo chokwanira,
  • kuzindikira koyambirira ndikuchotsa kwathunthu kwa matenda omwe amatsogolera ku mawonekedwe a matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana wazaka 5 ndi kupitilira,
  • kupimidwa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala wa ana - zipangitsa kuti azindikire zizindikiro za matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba ndikuyamba chithandizo chamankhwala posachedwa.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana amakhala ndi tsogolo labwino, koma pokhapokha ngati njira zochizira zovuta zimayambika nthawi yake ndikuthandizira njira zoyenera kutsatiridwa ndikutsatira bwino.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Monga tanena kale, pangozi yotenga matenda ashuga, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakudya. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mwana yekhayo sangathe kusamukira ku zakudya zopanda chakudya. Monga lamulo, banja lonse limatenga chakudya chatsopano.

Mwanayo amakumbukiranso izi:

  • Zakudya zonse zobiriwira zomwe zimachokera ku zitsamba zimapatsa thanzi komanso mthandizi wabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda aliwonse. Mutha kulumikiza mwana wanu kuphika: mumulole iye azikhazika mbale yake, masamba abwino, zipatso ndi mtedza;
  • kudya chilichonse pa mbale sikofunikira. Kudya kwambiri sikunapangitse aliyense kukhala wathanzi, kotero ngati mwana anena kuti wakhuta, simuyenera kumukakamiza kudya chilichonse mpaka chomaliza,
  • chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo ziyenera kukhala nthawi imodzi, ndipo pakati pa zakudya zazikulu mumatha kudya zokhwasula-khwasula kapena apulo wobiriwira. Chifukwa chake ziphuphu zimagwira ntchito moyenera ndipo zimatulutsa insulini ndi ma enzyme pakafunika,
  • chokoma ndi chokoma sikuti ndimaswiti ndi ma cookie okha, komanso amadzi oundana opangidwa kuchokera ku nyumba (ochokera ku yogati), zipatso zouma ndi zipatso. Monga zakudya zazikulu, mutha kumuthandiza mwana wanu kuti apange zakudya zopanda mchere.

CHIKWANGWANI chikuyenera kukhalapo pakudya kwa munthu aliyense pangozi yoti angadwale matenda ashuga. Si ana onse omwe adzadya chinangwa mosangalatsa, koma amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi mbale (mwachitsanzo, phala).

Masewera monga kupewa

Ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga ayenera kulembetsedwa mgulu la masewera kapena kuvina. Ichi ndiye njira yabwino yothanirana ndi matenda ashuga. Pochita izi, minofu "imatentha" mafuta omwe amakhala oopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Thupi lilibe chilichonse chosungira. Koma ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mukamaphunzitsa mwana ayenera kupezanso mphamvu ndikuluma. Musiyeni akhale ndi mtedza kapena zipatso zouma.

Monga momwe machitidwe amasonyezera, ana amazolowera zakudya zinazake, makamaka ngati banja lonse limadya motere. Popeza takhala ndi chikhalidwe chamadyedwe ali mwana, zimakhala zosavuta kwa wachinyamata, kenako wamkulu, kuti agwirizane ndi zoletsa zofunika kuti akhale ndi thanzi komanso moyo wathanzi.

Kupewa kwa shuga kwa ana ndikuphunzira kukhala ndi chidwi ndi matupi awo ndikukhala ndi chikhalidwe chabwino pakudya. Udindo waukulu popewa matendawa umachitika pokhazikitsa bata pabanja komanso munthawi ya mwana.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu